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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Design and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(Welkin_Mk_I)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(Welkin_Mk_I)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Specifications (Welkin Mk I)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(Welkin_Mk_I)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British twin-engine heavy fighter</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Welkin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Westland_Welkin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Westland_Welkin.jpg/300px-Westland_Welkin.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Westland_Welkin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="266" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Welkin Mk I</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">High altitude fighter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Westland_Aircraft" title="Westland Aircraft">Westland Aircraft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/W.E.W._Petter" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.W. Petter">W.E.W. Petter</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">77</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1940-1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">May <a href="/wiki/1944_in_aviation" title="1944 in aviation">1944</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1944</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Westland Welkin</b> was a British twin-engine <a href="/wiki/Heavy_fighter" title="Heavy fighter">heavy fighter</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Westland_Aircraft" title="Westland Aircraft">Westland Aircraft Company</a>, designed to fight at extremely high altitudes, in the <a href="/wiki/Stratosphere" title="Stratosphere">stratosphere</a>; the word <i>welkin</i> meaning "the vault of heaven" or the upper atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First conceived in 1940, the plane was built in response to the arrival of modified <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">Junkers Ju 86</a>P bombers flying <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> missions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa20051_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa20051-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which suggested the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> might attempt to re-open the bombing of England from high altitude. Construction was from 1942 to 1943. The threat never materialised; consequently, Westland produced only a small number of Welkins and few of these flew. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westland put forward their <b>P.14</b>, essentially an adaptation of Westland's <a href="/wiki/Westland_Whirlwind_(fighter)" title="Westland Whirlwind (fighter)">Whirlwind</a> fighter layout (and a more experimental twin, the P.13) to meet <a href="/wiki/Air_Ministry" title="Air Ministry">Air Ministry</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications" title="List of Air Ministry specifications">Specification F.4 of 1940</a> for a high altitude fighter.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most obvious feature was the enormous <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio" title="Aspect ratio">high aspect ratio</a> wing, with a span on the production aircraft of 70 feet (21 m).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The compact but troublesome <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Peregrine" title="Rolls-Royce Peregrine">Rolls-Royce Peregrine</a> engines of the Whirlwind were replaced by the more powerful two-stage <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Rolls-Royce Merlin</a> Mk.76/77. The most significant feature was a pressurised cockpit, which took the majority of effort in the design. After extensive development a new cockpit was developed that was built out of heavy-gauge <a href="/wiki/Duraluminium" class="mw-redirect" title="Duraluminium">duraluminium</a> bolted directly to the front of the main spar. The cockpit hood used an internal layer of thick <a href="/wiki/Perspex" class="mw-redirect" title="Perspex">perspex</a> to hold the pressure, and an outer thin layer to form a smooth line. Heated air was blown between the two to keep the canopy clear of frost. </p><p>In January 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Aircraft_Production" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Aircraft Production">Ministry of Aircraft Production</a> authorised the building of two P.14 prototypes DG558 & DG562. The F.4/40 specification was revised into F.7/41 that year. The Welkin design was now in competition with the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Type_432" title="Vickers Type 432">Vickers Type 432</a> with Merlin 61 engines. </p><p>The pressurisation system was driven by a <a href="/wiki/Rotol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotol">Rotol</a> supercharger attached to the left-hand engine (this was the difference between the Merlin 76 and 77), providing a constant pressure of 3.5 psi (24 kPa) over the exterior pressure. This resulted in an apparent <a href="/wiki/Cabin_pressurization#Cabin_altitude" title="Cabin pressurization">cabin altitude</a> of 24,000 feet (7,300 m) when the aircraft was operating at its design altitude of 45,000 ft (14,000 m). This cabin altitude was still too high for normal breathing, so the pilot had to wear an oxygen mask during flight. A rubber gasket filled with the pressurized air sealed the canopy when the system was turned on, and a valve ensured the pressure was controlled automatically. Moreover, the pilot also had to wear a high altitude suit as he might have been required to bail out at altitude. </p><p>The Welkin required a sophisticated electrical system. This was to minimise the number of seals and points of entry in the cockpit for the controls and instrumentation. It took an electrician experienced in the features of the Welkin four hours to undertake a pre-flight check of this system. The wings were so large that the high lift <a href="/wiki/Flap_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap (aircraft)">Fowler flaps</a> of the Whirlwind were not needed, and were replaced by a simple split flap. The extra wing area also required more stability, so the tail was lengthened to provide a longer <a href="/wiki/Moment_(physics)" title="Moment (physics)">moment</a> arm. The armament − four <a href="/wiki/Hispano_20_mm_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano 20 mm cannon">Hispano 20 mm cannon</a> − was the same as the Whirlwind's, but the Welkin carried the guns in a tray in its belly, which facilitated loading. In that position, muzzle flash was also less likely to dazzle the pilot. </p><p>The Welkin was seriously handicapped by compressibility problems caused by its long, high aspect-ratio wing which needed to be thick at the root (<a href="/wiki/Thickness-to-chord_ratio" title="Thickness-to-chord ratio">thickness-to-chord ratio</a> of about 19%) for strength reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoot199012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoot199012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compressibility caused the <a href="/wiki/Flight_envelope" title="Flight envelope">flight envelope</a> (flyable speed range) between high-incidence <a href="/wiki/Stall_(flight)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stall (flight)">stall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shock-stall" class="mw-redirect" title="Shock-stall">shock-stall</a> to become very small at high altitudes – any decrease in airspeed causing a "normal" stall, any increase causing a shock-stall due to the aircraft's limiting <a href="/wiki/Critical_Mach_number" title="Critical Mach number">critical Mach number</a>. This reduction of the speed envelope is a problem common to all <a href="/wiki/Subsonic_aircraft" title="Subsonic aircraft">subsonic</a> high-altitude designs and also occurred with the later <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">Lockheed U-2</a>. When <a href="/wiki/W.E.W._Petter" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.W. Petter">W.E.W. Petter</a> came to design his next high-altitude aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">English Electric Canberra</a> jet bomber, the required wing area was distinguished by noticeably short wings, with thickness-to-chord ratio (t/c) at the root of 12%,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunston197316_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunston197316-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a t/c ratio which delays compressibility effects to an aircraft speed of about Mach 0.85.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunston196226_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunston196226-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Information on the Welkin was only released at the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A two-seat radar-equipped <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night fighter</a> version known as the <b>Welkin NF.Mk.II</b> for specification F.9/43 was developed but only one was eventually produced as the variant was not ordered into production.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa200513–14_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa200513–14-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the time the <b>Welkin Mk.I</b> was complete and in production, it was apparent that the <i>Luftwaffe</i> was no longer conducting high altitude missions, due largely to successful interceptions by <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin_powered_variants)#Mk_VI_(Type_350)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin powered variants)">specially modified Supermarine Spitfires</a>. Only 77 complete Welkins were produced, plus a further 26 as engine-less airframes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa20053_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa20053-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although two Welkins served with the <a href="/wiki/Fighter_Interception_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighter Interception Unit">Fighter Interception Unit</a> based at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Wittering" title="RAF Wittering">RAF Wittering</a> from May to November 1944, where they were used to gain experience and formulate tactics for high altitude fighter operations, the Welkin was never used operationally by the RAF.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThetford1962552_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThetford1962552-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>P.14</b>: Two prototypes built to meet Air Ministry Specification F.7/41.</li> <li><b>Welkin Mk.I</b>: Single-seat twin-engine high altitude fighter aircraft, 75 built, further 26 aircraft were completed without engines.</li> <li><b>Welkin NF.Mk.II</b>: Two-seat night fighter prototype, one converted from Mark I.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_Interception_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighter Interception Unit">Fighter Interception Unit</a> – <a href="/wiki/RAF_Wittering" title="RAF Wittering">RAF Wittering</a> (two aircraft for evaluation)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(Welkin_Mk_I)"><span id="Specifications_.28Welkin_Mk_I.29"></span>Specifications (Welkin Mk I)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Specifications (Welkin Mk I)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> British Aircraft of world War Two : Westland Welkin,<sup id="cite_ref-Welkin_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welkin-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RAF Fighters, Part 3<sup id="cite_ref-GreenSwanboroughp60_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenSwanboroughp60-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 1</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 41 ft 6 in (12.65 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 70 ft 0 in (21.34 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 15 ft 9 in (4.80 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 250 sq ft (23 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> <b>root:</b> <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA</a> 23021; <b>tip:</b> NACA 23015<sup id="cite_ref-Selig_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selig-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 8,310 lb (3,769 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 10,356 lb (4,697 kg)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 2 × <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin_76" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin 76">Rolls-Royce Merlin 76</a> V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 1,233 hp (919 kW) each</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 4-bladed constant-speed propellers</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 385 mph (620 km/h, 335 kn) at 26000 ft (7900 m)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 1,480 mi (2,380 km, 1,290 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 44,000 ft (13,000 m) <sup id="cite_ref-Welkin_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welkin-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GreenSwanboroughp60_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenSwanboroughp60-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 3,850 ft/min (19.6 m/s)</li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 41 lb/sq ft (200 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>:</b> 0.11 hp/lb (0.18 kW/kg)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 4 × <a href="/wiki/Hispano_HS.404" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano HS.404">20 mm Hispano cannon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Whirlwind_(fighter)" title="Westland Whirlwind (fighter)">Westland Whirlwind</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Type_432" title="Vickers Type 432">Vickers Type 432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCtter_H%C3%BC_211" title="Hütter Hü 211">Hütter Hü 211</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force">List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For comparison, the <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster</a> four-engined heavy bomber had a span of 102 feet (31 m) and the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland Mosquito</a> twin-engined light bomber and fighter had a 54-foot (16 m) span.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/226977?redirectedFrom=welkin">"welkin, n."</a></span>. <i>OED Online</i>. Oxford University Press. September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OED+Online&rft.atitle=welkin%2C+n.&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F226977%3FredirectedFrom%3Dwelkin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa20051-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa20051_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVelekOvčáčíkSusa2005">Velek, Ovčáčík & Susa 2005</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtler2004">Buttler 2004</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoot199012-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoot199012_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoot1990">Boot 1990</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunston197316-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunston197316_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGunston1973">Gunston 1973</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunston196226-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunston196226_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGunston1962">Gunston 1962</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1945/1945%20-%201216.html">"New Aircraft Types"</a>, <i>Flight</i>, p. 664, 21 June 1945</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flight&rft.atitle=New+Aircraft+Types&rft.pages=664&rft.date=1945-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1945%2F1945%2520-%25201216.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtler2004">Buttler 2004</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa200513–14-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa200513–14_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVelekOvčáčíkSusa2005">Velek, Ovčáčík & Susa 2005</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa20053-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelekOvčáčíkSusa20053_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVelekOvčáčíkSusa2005">Velek, Ovčáčík & Susa 2005</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThetford1962552-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThetford1962552_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThetford1962">Thetford 1962</a>, p. 552.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Welkin-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Welkin_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welkin_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107195639/http://www.jaapteeuwen.com/ww2aircraft/html%20pages/WESTLAND%20WELKIN.htm">"Westland Welkin"</a>. <i>British Aircraft of World War Two</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaapteeuwen.com/ww2aircraft/html%20pages/WESTLAND%20WELKIN.htm">the original</a> on 7 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Aircraft+of+World+War+Two&rft.atitle=Westland+Welkin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaapteeuwen.com%2Fww2aircraft%2Fhtml%2520pages%2FWESTLAND%2520WELKIN.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreenSwanboroughp60-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreenSwanboroughp60_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenSwanboroughp60_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreenSwanborough1981">Green & Swanborough 1981</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selig-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selig_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. <i>UIUC Applied Aerodynamics Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UIUC+Applied+Aerodynamics+Group&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoot1990" class="citation book cs1">Boot, Roy (1990). <i>From Spitfire To Eurofighter 45 Years of Combat Aircraft Design</i>. Airlife Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85310093-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85310093-5"><bdi>1-85310093-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Spitfire+To+Eurofighter+45+Years+of+Combat+Aircraft+Design&rft.pub=Airlife+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=1-85310093-5&rft.aulast=Boot&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButtler2004" class="citation book cs1">Buttler, T. (2004). <i>British Secret Projects: Fighters and Bombers 1935–1950</i>. Hinckley, UK: Midland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-179-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-179-2"><bdi>1-85780-179-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Secret+Projects%3A+Fighters+and+Bombers+1935%E2%80%931950&rft.place=Hinckley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Midland&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-85780-179-2&rft.aulast=Buttler&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGouldingJones1971" class="citation book cs1">Goulding, James; Jones, Robert (1971). "Meteor, Whirlwind and Welkin". <i>Camouflage and Markings: RAF Fighter Command Northern Europe, 1936–45</i>. London: Ducimus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903234-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-903234-00-9"><bdi>0-903234-00-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Meteor%2C+Whirlwind+and+Welkin&rft.btitle=Camouflage+and+Markings%3A+RAF+Fighter+Command+Northern+Europe%2C+1936%E2%80%9345&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Ducimus+Books&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-903234-00-9&rft.aulast=Goulding&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Jones%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenSwanborough1981" class="citation book cs1">Green, W.; Swanborough, G. (1981). <i>RAF Fighters, Part 3 (WW2 Aircraft Fact Files)</i>. London: Jane's Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7106-0119-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7106-0119-0"><bdi>0-7106-0119-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RAF+Fighters%2C+Part+3+%28WW2+Aircraft+Fact+Files%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jane%27s+Publishing&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-7106-0119-0&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Swanborough%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunston1973" class="citation book cs1">Gunston, Bill (1973). <i>Bombers of the West</i>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-13623-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-13623-6"><bdi>0-684-13623-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bombers+of+the+West&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-684-13623-6&rft.aulast=Gunston&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunston1962" class="citation book cs1">Gunston, W. T., ed. (1962). <i>Flight Handbook The Theory and Practice of Powered Flight</i> (6th ed.). Iliffe Books. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/39-30641">39-30641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flight+Handbook+The+Theory+and+Practice+of+Powered+Flight&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Iliffe+Books&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F39-30641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2002" class="citation book cs1">James, Derek N. (2002). <i>Westland: A History</i>. Gloucestershire UK: Tempus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-2772-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-2772-5"><bdi>0-7524-2772-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Westland%3A+A+History&rft.place=Gloucestershire+UK&rft.pub=Tempus+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7524-2772-5&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Derek+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMondey1982" class="citation book cs1">Mondey, David (1982). <i>Westland</i>. Planemakers. Vol. 2. London: Jane's Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7106-0134-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7106-0134-4"><bdi>0-7106-0134-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Westland&rft.place=London&rft.series=Planemakers&rft.pub=Jane%27s+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-7106-0134-4&rft.aulast=Mondey&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThetford1962" class="citation book cs1">Thetford, Owen (1962). <i>Aircraft Of The Royal Air Force Since 1918</i> (3rd ed.). Putnam& Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Of+The+Royal+Air+Force+Since+1918&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Putnam%26+Co.&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Thetford&rft.aufirst=Owen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelekOvčáčíkSusa2005" class="citation book cs1">Velek, M.; Ovčáčík, M.; Susa, K (2005). <i>Westland Welkin F Mk.1, NF Mk.II</i>. Prague, Czech Republic: Mark I Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-86637-01-8" title="Special:BookSources/80-86637-01-8"><bdi>80-86637-01-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Westland+Welkin+F+Mk.1%2C+NF+Mk.II&rft.place=Prague%2C+Czech+Republic&rft.pub=Mark+I+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=80-86637-01-8&rft.aulast=Velek&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Ov%C4%8D%C3%A1%C4%8D%C3%ADk%2C+M.&rft.au=Susa%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Webb, D. Collier (February 1996). "Tested & Failed, Flight Test Accidents of the 1940s–1960s: Westland Welkin". <i>Aeroplane Monthly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aeroplane+Monthly&rft.atitle=Tested+%26+Failed%2C+Flight+Test+Accidents+of+the+1940s%E2%80%931960s%3A+Westland+Welkin&rft.date=1996-02&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=D.+Collier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestland+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westland_Welkin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Template:Westland_aircraft" title="Template:Westland aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Westland_aircraft" title="Template talk:Westland aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Westland_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Westland aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Westland_Aircraft_/_Westland_Helicopters156" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Westland_Aircraft" title="Westland Aircraft">Westland Aircraft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Westland_Helicopters" title="Westland Helicopters">Westland Helicopters</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fixed-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_IV" title="Westland IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_IV" title="Westland IV">Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Dreadnought" title="Westland Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Limousine" title="Westland Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Lysander" title="Westland Lysander">Lysander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland-Hill_Pterodactyl" title="Westland-Hill Pterodactyl">Pterodactyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_PV-3" title="Westland PV-3">PV.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_F.7/30" title="Westland F.7/30">PV.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wallace" title="Westland Wallace">PV.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_PV.7" title="Westland PV.7">PV.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wallace" title="Westland Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Walrus" title="Westland Walrus">Walrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">Wapiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Widgeon_(fixed_wing)" title="Westland Widgeon (fixed wing)">Widgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Witch" title="Westland Witch">Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Woodpigeon" title="Westland Woodpigeon">Woodpigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wyvern" title="Westland Wyvern">Wyvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Yeovil" title="Westland Yeovil">Yeovil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fixed wing fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_C.O.W._Gun_Fighter" title="Westland C.O.W. Gun Fighter">COW Gun Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_F.7/30" title="Westland F.7/30">F.7/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Interceptor" title="Westland Interceptor">Interceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_N.1B" title="Westland N.1B">N.1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wagtail" title="Westland Wagtail">Wagtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Weasel" title="Westland Weasel">Weasel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Westbury" title="Westland Westbury">Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Whirlwind_(fighter)" title="Westland Whirlwind (fighter)">Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wizard" title="Westland Wizard">Wizard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helicopters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_30" title="Westland 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache" title="AgustaWestland Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_WS-51_Dragonfly" title="Westland WS-51 Dragonfly">Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle" title="Aérospatiale Gazelle">Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Lynx" title="Westland Lynx">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW101" title="AgustaWestland AW101">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_SA_330_Puma" title="Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma">Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">Sea King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Scout" title="Westland Scout">Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_H-13_Sioux" title="Bell H-13 Sioux">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Lynx" title="Westland Lynx">Super Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wasp" title="Westland Wasp">Wasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wessex" title="Westland Wessex">Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Westminster" title="Westland Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Whirlwind_(helicopter)" title="Westland Whirlwind (helicopter)">Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Widgeon_(helicopter)" title="Westland Widgeon (helicopter)">Widgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk#S-70A" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">WS-70</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autogyro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_CL.20" title="Westland CL.20">CL.20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:AgustaWestland_aircraft" title="Template:AgustaWestland aircraft">AgustaWestland aircraft</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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