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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istoric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alfabet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alfabet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alfabet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alfabetul_romani_pan-vlax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabetul_romani_pan-vlax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Alfabetul romani pan-vlax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabetul_romani_pan-vlax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfabetul_romani_comun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabetul_romani_comun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Alfabetul romani comun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabetul_romani_comun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standardizare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standardizare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Standardizare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standardizare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Limba romani</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 97 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الرومنية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الرومنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="رومانى تشيب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رومانى تشيب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C3%ADn" title="Romanín – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Romanín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C3%A7%C4%B1_dili" title="Qaraçı dili – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaraçı dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رومان دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رومان دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Цыганская мова – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цыганская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Цыганская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цыганская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Цигански език – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цигански език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="রোমানি ভাষা – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোমানি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeg" title="Romeg – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Romeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romski_jezik" title="Romski jezik – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Romski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C3%AD" title="Romaní – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Romaní" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Цигонийн мотт – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цигонийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ڕۆمانی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ڕۆمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C5%A1tina" title="Romština – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Romština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чикан чĕлхи – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чикан чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_(iaith)" title="Romani (iaith) – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Romani (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanki" title="Romanki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Romanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ρομανί γλώσσα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρομανί γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Romani language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaa_lingvo" title="Romaa lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Romaa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_roman%C3%AD" title="Idioma romaní – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma romaní" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustlaskeel" title="Mustlaskeel – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mustlaskeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromaniera" title="Erromaniera – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erromaniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C3%AD" title="Romaní – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Romaní" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان رومانی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان رومانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanikieli" title="Romanikieli – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Romanikieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Romainis" title="An Romainis – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Romainis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanais" title="Romanais – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Romanais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_roman%C3%AD" title="Lingua romaní – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua romaní" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99_(%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="רומאני (שפה) – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רומאני (שפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोमानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_bhasa" title="Romani bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Romani bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romski_jezik" title="Romski jezik – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Romski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cig%C3%A1ny_nyelv" title="Cigány nyelv – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cigány nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rromani" title="Lingua rromani – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua rromani" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Romani" title="Bahasa Romani – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Romani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Romani language" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_roman%C3%AD" title="Lingua romaní – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua romaní" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="ロマ語 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロマ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="აწინკნური ენა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აწინკნური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%AC%EC%96%B4" title="롬어 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="롬어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_roman%C3%AE" title="Zimanê romanî – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê romanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Чиган кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чиган кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romek" title="Romek – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Romek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE/%D0%9B%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Википедия:Сомо/Лөлү тили – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Википедия:Сомо/Лөлү тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Zingarica" title="Lingua Zingarica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Zingarica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_(lingua)" title="Romani (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Romani (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom" title="Rom – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rom" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cigon%C5%B3_kalba" title="Čigonų kalba – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čigonų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cig%C4%81nu_valoda" title="Čigānu valoda – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čigānu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_r%C3%B4many" title="Fiteny rômany – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny rômany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ромски јазик – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ромски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानी भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोमानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानी भाषा – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रोमानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानी भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रोमानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanispr%C3%A5k" title="Romanispråk – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romanispråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanes" title="Romanes – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romanes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C3%AD" title="Romaní – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Romaní" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰੋਮਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਮਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_romski" title="Język romski – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język romski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رومانی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رومانی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_chib" title="Romani chib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Romani chib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Цыганский язык – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цыганский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानीभाषा – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रोमानीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_leid" title="Romani leid – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Romani leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romski_jezik" title="Romski jezik – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Romski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Romani language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3m%C4%8Dina" title="Rómčina – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rómčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Romščina – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Romščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanikiel%C3%A2" title="Romanikielâ – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Romanikielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_rome" title="Gjuha rome – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha rome" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ромски језик – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ромски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Romani" title="Basa Romani – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Romani" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உரோமானி மொழி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரோமானி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาโรมานี – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาโรมานี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ingenece" title="Çingenece – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çingenece" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Романи теле – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Романи теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Циганська мова – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Циганська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Digan" title="Tiếng Digan – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Digan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%8D%9C%E8%B5%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="吉卜赛语 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="吉卜赛语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD" title="罗姆语 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗姆语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%E6%96%87" title="羅姆文 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅姆文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13201#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Limba_romani" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Limba_romani" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Limba_romani"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Limba_romani"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Limba_romani" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Limba_romani" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&oldid=16657343" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Limba_romani&id=16657343&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLimba_romani"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLimba_romani"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Limba+romani"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Limba_romani&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Romani_languages" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13201" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirecționat de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_%C8%9Big%C4%83neasc%C4%83&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba țigănească">Limba țigănească</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet limba" style="background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Limba romani<br /><i>Rromani ćhib </i></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Vorbită în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">SUA</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Număr de vorbitori</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">5–6 milioane<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Sistem de scriere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_latin" title="Alfabetul latin">Alfabetul latin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Clasificare</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">Indo-europeană</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;"><li> <a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-iraniene" title="Limbi indo-iraniene">Indo-iraniană</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li><a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-ariene" title="Limbi indo-ariene">Indo-ariană</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li>Zona de vest<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li>Limba romani</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Statut oficial și codificare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbă minoritară recunoscută în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina" title="Bosnia și Herțegovina">Bosnia și Herțegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia" title="Columbia">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlanda" title="Finlanda">Finlanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia" class="mw-disambig" title="Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marea_Britanie" title="Marea Britanie">Marea Britanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Olanda">Olanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovacia" title="Slovacia">Slovacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungaria" title="Ungaria">Ungaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">rom</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-3<br />(cel mai<br />răspândit dialect)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">rrom</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Extras</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><b>Articolul 1 din <a href="/wiki/Declara%C8%9Bia_Universal%C4%83_a_Drepturilor_Omului" title="Declarația Universală a Drepturilor Omului">Declarația Universală a Drepturilor Omului</a></b><br /> Sa e manušikane strukture bijandžona tromane thaj jekhutne ko digniteti thaj capipa. Von si baxtarde em barvale gndaja thaj godžaja thaj trubun jekh avereja te kherjakeren ko vodži pralipaja.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Răspândire în lume</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;text-align: center;"><br /><small> </small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Puteți vizita <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <b><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipidiya_:" class="extiw" title="rmy:Vikipidiya :">în Limba romani</a></b>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Această pagină poate conține caractere <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajutor:Unicode">Unicode</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##c9ffd9 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13201" class="extiw" title="d:Q13201">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Limb%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Limba romani</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (numită și <b>rromani</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sau, în lucrări mai vechi, <b>țigănească</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> autonim: <i>romani ćhib</i>) este limba vorbită de <a href="/wiki/Romi" title="Romi">romi</a>. Face parte din grupul indic, <a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-ariene" title="Limbi indo-ariene">ramura indo-ariană</a> a <a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">limbilor indo-europene</a>. Cu cca. 5–6 milioane de vorbitori, este utilizată în țări de pe toate continentele, cei mai mulți în <a href="/wiki/Europa_de_Est" title="Europa de Est">estul Europei</a>. Limba este similară cu alte limbi din nordul <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiei</a> (în special <a href="/wiki/Limba_punjab%C4%83" title="Limba punjabă">punjaba</a>), regiune de unde se presupune că provin romii. </p><p>Unii consideră că limba romani este un grup de dialecte, în timp ce alții cred că există mai multe limbi rromani înrudite. Potrivit publicației <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i>, șapte varietăți de romani sunt suficient de divergente pentru a fi considerate limbi de sine stătătoare. Cele mai mari dintre acestea sunt romani vlax (peste 500.000 de vorbitori),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> romani balcanică (în jur de 600.000 de vorbitori nativi)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și rromani sinte (200.000 de vorbitori).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unele comunități rrome vorbesc limbi mixte bazate pe limba regiunii în care locuiesc, dar care păstrează vocabularul rromani. Aceste limbi sunt cunoscute de lingviști mai degrabă ca varietăți para-rromani, decât dialecte ale limbii romani propriu-zise.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diferențele dintre multele varietăți de rromani pot fi la fel de mari ca, de exemplu, diferențele dintre <a href="/wiki/Limbi_slave" title="Limbi slave">limbile slave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apartenența limbii rome la grupul indic a fost recunoscută la sfârșitul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XVIII-lea" title="Secolul al XVIII-lea">secolului al XVIII-lea</a> în mod independent de mai mulți filologi (Carl Gotthilf Büttner, Johann Christian Christoph Rüdiger, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Peter Simon Pallas</a>, William Marsden) când au descoperit cca. 400 de <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83d%C4%83cin%C4%83_(lingvistic%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rădăcină (lingvistică)">rădăcini</a> care au paralele în alte limbi din grupul indic.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După unele ipoteze, limba romani s-a desprins din migrația indo-ariană principală înainte de pătrunderea pe subcontinentul indian. Ea se aseamănă cu multe limbi indice moderne, indicând că limba romani datează probabil din timpuri post-sanscritice. </p><p>Există două curente principale cu privire la originea teritorială a limbii romani. Unul dintre ele susține că provine din partea de nord-vest a Indiei sau având origine dardică. John Sampson, unul din susținătorii acestui curent, afirmă că părăsirea acelor ținuturi a avut loc la sfârșitul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_IX-lea" title="Secolul al IX-lea">secolului al IX-lea</a> e.n. Celălalt curent, reprezentat de Sir Ralph Lilley Turner, cu o argumentație mult mai convingătoare, susține că limba romani aparținea inițial grupului central de limbi și că trăsăturile fonologice și lexicale dardice sau nord-vestice sunt rezultatul unei migrații ulterioare, probabil înainte de anul 250 î.e.n., din zona centrală către nord-vest. Totuși, în urma unor cercetări recente, lingvistul american Terrence Haufmann susține că proto-rromii au pătruns în teritoriile iraniene înainte de anul 300 î.e.n. probabil din cauza incursiunilor lui <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_cel_Mare" title="Alexandru cel Mare">Alexandru cel Mare</a> în nord-vestul Indiei în anii 327–326 î.e.n. </p><p>Primele cuvinte scrise în romani datează din anul 1547,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> când englezul Andrew Borde publică în <i>The Fyrst Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge</i> sub forma unor mostre de „grai egiptean” treisprezece expresii uzuale în limba romani, folosindu-se de cunoștințele superficiale ale unui informator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alfabet">Alfabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alfabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Alfabet"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deși limba romani este folosită în principal ca limbă orală, unii romi scriu în romani. Este scrisă în principal în <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_latin" title="Alfabetul latin">alfabetul latin</a> și, într-o oarecare măsură, în <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_grec" title="Alfabetul grec">alfabetul grec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic" title="Alfabetul chirilic">chirilic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_arab" title="Alfabetul arab">arab</a> și <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">devanagari</a>. Romani a fost scrisă pentru prima dată în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XVI-lea" title="Secolul al XVI-lea">secolul al XVI-lea</a>, odată cu redactarea unor liste de cuvinte de către învățați non-romi, cum ar fi Andrew Borde. De atunci, de-a lungul secolelor au apărut unele convenții ortografice,cea mai cunoscut și acceptată este convenția propusă de IRU (Uniunea Internațională a Romilor) adoptată în anul 1991, în cadrul celui de al IV-lea congres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alfabetul_romani_pan-vlax">Alfabetul romani pan-vlax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alfabetul romani pan-vlax" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Alfabetul romani pan-vlax"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Majoritatea lingviștilor aderă la un sistem numit de <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hancock" title="Ian Hancock">Ian Hancock</a> „pan-vlax”. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Grafem</th> <th>Fonem</th> <th>Exemplu </th></tr> <tr> <th>A a </th> <td>/a/</td> <td><b>akana</b> <i>acum</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>B b </th> <td>/b/</td> <td><b>barvalo</b> <i>bogat</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>C c </th> <td>/c/</td> <td><b>cìrdel</b> <i>(el) trage</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Č č </th> <td>/tʃ/</td> <td><b>čačo</b> <i>adevărat</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Čh čh </th> <td>/tʃʰ/</td> <td><b>čhavo</b> <i>băiat</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>D d </th> <td>/d/</td> <td><b>dorjav</b> <i>râu</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dž dž </th> <td>/dʒ/</td> <td><b>džukel</b> <i>câine</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>E e </th> <td>/e/</td> <td><b>ertimos</b> <i>iertare</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>F f </th> <td>/f/</td> <td><b>foros</b> <i>oraș</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>G g </th> <td>/g/</td> <td><b>gad</b> <i>cămașă</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>H h </th> <td>/h/</td> <td><b>harmasari</b> <i>armăsar</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>I i </th> <td>/i/</td> <td><b>dicha</b> <i>vezi (excl.)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>J j </th> <td>/j/</td> <td><b>jag</b> <i>foc</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>K k </th> <td>/k/</td> <td><b>kaj</b> <i>unde</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kh kh </th> <td>/kʰ/</td> <td><b>kham</b> <i>însorit</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>L l </th> <td>/l/</td> <td><b>lašo</b> <i>bun</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>M m </th> <td>/m/</td> <td><b>manuš</b> <i>bărbat</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>N n </th> <td>/n/</td> <td><b>nav</b> <i>nume</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>O o </th> <td>/o/</td> <td><b>oxto</b> <i>opt</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>P p </th> <td>/p/</td> <td><b>pekel</b> <i>(el) coace prăjește </i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ph ph </th> <td>/pʰ/</td> <td><b>phabaj</b> <i>măr</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>R r </th> <td>/r/</td> <td><b>rakli</b> <i>fată</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>S s </th> <td>/s/</td> <td><b>somnakaj</b> <i>aur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Š š </th> <td>/ʃ/</td> <td><b>šukar</b> <i>frumos</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>T t </th> <td>/t/</td> <td><b>tahtai</b> <i>ceașcă</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>U u </th> <td>/u/</td> <td><b>vušt</b> <i>buză</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>V v </th> <td>/ʋ/</td> <td><b>voro</b> <i>văr</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>X x </th> <td>/x/</td> <td><b>xarano</b> <i>înțelept</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Z z </th> <td>/z/</td> <td><b>zèleno</b> <i>verde</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ž ž </th> <td>/ʒ/</td> <td><b>žoja</b> <i>joi</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alfabetul_romani_comun">Alfabetul romani comun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alfabetul romani comun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Alfabetul romani comun"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standardizare">Standardizare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Standardizare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Standardizare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În unele țări, precum <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, s-au făcut eforturi de standardizare a limbii rrome. În România, eforturile de standardizare sunt în primul rând rezultatul muncii lui <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Sar%C4%83u" title="Gheorghe Sarău">Gheorghe Sarău</a>, care a alcătuit o variantă purificată a limbii rrome, folosită acum în învățământ. </p><p>Alfabetul folosit în România pentru scrierea limbii rrome este de bază latină, cu câteva caractere speciale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gramatica_limbii_romani" title="Gramatica limbii romani">Gramatica limbii romani</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Sar%C4%83u" title="Gheorghe Sarău">Gheorghe Sarău</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_romani&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/romani.htm">„Romani language and alphabet”</a>. <i>Omniglot</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Omniglot&rft.atitle=Romani+language+and+alphabet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fromani.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Denumire folosită la recensământul din 2021 din România: <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Tabel-2.03.1-si-Tabel-2.03.2.xlsx">„Rezultatele recensământului din 2021: Populația rezidentă după limba maternă (Limba maternă, Macroregiuni, Regiuni de dezvoltare, Județe, Municipii, orașe și comune)”</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institutul_Na%C8%9Bional_de_Statistic%C4%83" title="Institutul Național de Statistică">Institutul Național de Statistică</a> din România. iunie 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2023-08-23">23 august 2023</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rezultatele+recens%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului+din+2021%3A+Popula%C8%9Bia+rezident%C4%83+dup%C4%83+limba+matern%C4%83+%28Limba+matern%C4%83%2C+Macroregiuni%2C+Regiuni+de+dezvoltare%2C+Jude%C8%9Be%2C+Municipii%2C+ora%C8%99e+%C8%99i+comune%29&rft.pub=Institutul+Na%C8%9Bional+de+Statistic%C4%83+din+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.date=2023-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.recensamantromania.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F06%2FTabel-2.03.1-si-Tabel-2.03.2.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gheorghe Sarău (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). <i>Curs practic de limba rromani pentru toți</i>. Sigma. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-973-649-424-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-973-649-424-6">978-973-649-424-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curs+practic+de+limba+rromani+pentru+to%C8%9Bi&rft.pub=Sigma&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-973-649-424-6&rft.au=Gheorghe+Sar%C4%83u&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428052529/http://oldsite.edu.ro/index.php/articles/22434">„Limba și literatura maternă rromani, clasele a III-a - a IV-a”</a>. <i>edu.ro</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldsite.edu.ro/index.php/articles/22434">original</a> la <time datetime="2017-04-28">28 aprilie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-04-27">27 aprilie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edu.ro&rft.atitle=Limba+%C8%99i+literatura+matern%C4%83+rromani%2C+clasele+a+III-a+-+a+IV-a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldsite.edu.ro%2Findex.php%2Farticles%2F22434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dexonline.ro/intrare/romani/129244">„Romany (romani, țigănească)”</a>. <i>DE (1993-2009)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DE+%281993-2009%29&rft.atitle=Romany+%28romani%2C+%C8%9Big%C4%83neasc%C4%83%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdexonline.ro%2Fintrare%2Fromani%2F129244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmy">„Romani, Vlax”</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Romani%2C+Vlax&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Frmy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmn">„Romani, Balkan”</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Romani%2C+Balkan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Frmn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmo">„Romani, Sinte”</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Romani%2C+Sinte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Frmo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <cite class="citation book">Yaron Matras. „Romani”. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011141138/http://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/downloads/2/Matras_Rmni_ELL.pdf"><i>Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Oxford: Elsevier. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/downloads/2/Matras_Rmni_ELL.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2017-10-11">11 octombrie 2017</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-04-27">27 aprilie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Romani&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Language+and+Linguistics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.au=Yaron+Matras&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fromani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk%2Fdownloads%2F2%2FMatras_Rmni_ELL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba cehă">cs</span> <cite class="citation book">Milena Hübschmannová (<time datetime="2002-10-10">10 octombrie 2002</time>). <i>Šaj pes dovakeras. Můžeme se domluvit</i> (ed. 4). Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci (UPOL). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/80-244-0496-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/80-244-0496-6">80-244-0496-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%A0aj+pes+dovakeras.+M%C5%AF%C5%BEeme+se+domluvit&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Univerzita+Palack%C3%A9ho+v+Olomouci+%28UPOL%29&rft.date=2002-10-10&rft.isbn=80-244-0496-6&rft.au=Milena+H%C3%BCbschmannov%C3%A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marius Sala, Ioana Vintilă-Rădulescu (<time datetime="1981">1981</time>). <i>Limbile lumii: mică enciclopedie</i>. Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică. p. 245.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Limbile+lumii%3A+mic%C4%83+enciclopedie&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=Editura+%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bific%C4%83+%C8%99i+Enciclopedic%C4%83&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Marius+Sala%2C+Ioana+Vintil%C4%83-R%C4%83dulescu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Angus Fraser (<time datetime="2010">2010</time>). <i>Țiganii</i>. București: Humanitas. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C8%9Aiganii&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Humanitas&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Angus+Fraser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+romani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Limbi_indo-europene" title="Format:Limbi indo-europene"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Limbi_indo-europene" title="Discuție Format:Limbi indo-europene"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Limbi_indo-europene&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">Limbi indo-europene</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-iraniene" title="Limbi indo-iraniene">Limbi indo-iraniene</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_assamez%C4%83" title="Limba assameză">assameză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_avestic%C4%83" title="Limba avestică">avestică</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_bactrian%C4%83" title="Limba bactriană">bactriană</a></i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_belucian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba beluciană — pagină inexistentă">beluciană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_bengalez%C4%83" title="Limba bengaleză">bengaleză</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ka%C8%99mirian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba kașmiriană — pagină inexistentă">kașmiriană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_persan%C4%83" title="Limba persană">dari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_hindi" title="Limba hindi">hindi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_gujarati" title="Limba gujarati">gujarati</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_kuci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba kuci — pagină inexistentă">kuci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_kurd%C4%83" title="Limba kurdă">kurdă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_maithili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba maithili — pagină inexistentă">maithili</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_malvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba malvi — pagină inexistentă">malvi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_marathi" title="Limba marathi">marathi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_nepalez%C4%83" title="Limba nepaleză">nepaleză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_oriya" title="Limba oriya">oriană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ose%C8%9Bian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba osețiană">osețiană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_pali" title="Limba pali">pali</a></i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_pamirian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba pamiriană — pagină inexistentă">pamiriană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_pa%C8%99tun%C4%83" title="Limba paștună">paștună</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_persan%C4%83" title="Limba persană">persană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_punjab%C4%83" title="Limba punjabă">punjabă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_%C8%9Big%C4%83neasc%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba țigănească">romani</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_saka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba saka — pagină inexistentă">saka</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sanscrit%C4%83" title="Limba sanscrită">sanscrită</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sarmat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba sarmată — pagină inexistentă">sarmată</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sci%C8%9Bian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba scițiană — pagină inexistentă">scițiană</a></i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sindhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba sindhi — pagină inexistentă">sindhi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_singalez%C4%83" title="Limba singaleză">singaleză</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_%C8%99uma%C8%99ti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba șumaști — pagină inexistentă">șumaști</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_tadjic%C4%83" title="Limba tadjică">tadjică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_urdu" title="Limba urdu">urdu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_zazaki" title="Limba zazaki">zazaki</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="17"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:IE_expansion.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Expansiunea limbilor indo-europene"><img alt="Expansiunea limbilor indo-europene" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/100px-IE_expansion.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/150px-IE_expansion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/200px-IE_expansion.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="275" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_italice" title="Limbi italice">Limbi italice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_aragonez%C4%83" title="Limba aragoneză">aragoneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_aranez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba araneză">araneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_arom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba aromână">aromână</a> (macedoromână) • <a href="/wiki/Limba_asturian%C4%83" title="Limba asturiană">asturiană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_catalan%C4%83" title="Limba catalană">catalană</a> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_valencian%C4%83" title="Limba valenciană">valenciană</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Limba_corsican%C4%83" title="Limba corsicană">corsicană</a> (galureză) • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_dalmat%C4%83" title="Limba dalmată">dalmată</a></i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_fala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba fala — pagină inexistentă">fala</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_falisc%C4%83" title="Limba faliscă">faliscă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză">franceză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_friulan%C4%83" title="Limba friulană">friulană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_galician%C4%83" title="Limba galiciană">galiciană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_istrorom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba istroromână">istroromână</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_italian%C4%83" title="Limba italiană">italiană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ladin%C4%83" title="Limba ladină">ladină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ladino" title="Limba ladino">ladino</a> (iudeo-spaniolă) • <a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">latină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_meglenorom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba meglenoromână">meglenoromână</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_mirandez%C4%83" title="Limba mirandeză">mirandeză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_neapolitan%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba neapolitană">neapolitană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_occitan%C4%83" title="Limba occitană">occitană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_osc%C4%83" title="Limba oscă">oscă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_piemontez%C4%83" title="Limba piemonteză">piemonteză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_portughez%C4%83" title="Limba portugheză">portugheză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_retoroman%C4%83" title="Limba retoromană">retoromană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba română">română</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sard%C4%83" title="Limba sardă">sardă</a> (campidaneză, logudoreză) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sasarez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba sasareză — pagină inexistentă">sasareză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sicilian%C4%83" title="Limba siciliană">siciliană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_spaniol%C4%83" title="Limba spaniolă">spaniolă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_umbrian%C4%83" title="Limba umbriană">umbriană</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_valon%C4%83" title="Limba valonă">valonă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_venet%C4%83" title="Limba venetă">venetă</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_slave" title="Limbi slave">Limbi slave</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_bosniac%C4%83" title="Limba bosniacă">bosniacă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_bulgar%C4%83" title="Limba bulgară">bulgară</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ca%C8%99ubian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba cașubiană">cașubiană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ceh%C4%83" title="Limba cehă">cehă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_cnaanic%C4%83" title="Limba cnaanică">cnaanică</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_croat%C4%83" title="Limba croată">croată</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_interslav%C4%83" title="Limba interslavă">interslavă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_macedonean%C4%83" title="Limba macedoneană">macedoneană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_muntenegrean%C4%83" title="Limba muntenegreană">muntenegreană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_polab%C4%83" title="Limba polabă">polabă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_polonez%C4%83" title="Limba poloneză">poloneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_pomeranian%C4%83" title="Limba pomeraniană">pomeraniană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_s%C3%A2rb%C4%83" title="Limba sârbă">sârbă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_silezian%C4%83" title="Limba sileziană">sileziană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_slav%C4%83_veche" title="Limba slavă veche">slavă veche</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_slavon%C4%83" title="Limba slavonă">slavonă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_slovac%C4%83" title="Limba slovacă">slovacă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sloven%C4%83" title="Limba slovenă">slovenă</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_prekmur%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba prekmură — pagină inexistentă">limba prekmură</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_resian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba resiană — pagină inexistentă">limba resiană</a>) • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_slovincian%C4%83" title="Limba slovinciană">slovinciană</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sorab%C4%83_de_jos" title="Limba sorabă de jos">sorabă de jos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sorab%C4%83_de_sus" title="Limba sorabă de sus">sorabă de sus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ucrainean%C4%83" title="Limba ucraineană">ucraineană</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice" title="Limbi baltice">Limbi baltice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_curonian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba curoniană — pagină inexistentă">curoniană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_jatvian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba jatviană — pagină inexistentă">jatviană</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_selonian%C4%83" title="Limba seloniană">seloniană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_zemgalian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba zemgaliană — pagină inexistentă">zemgaliană</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_leton%C4%83" title="Limba letonă">letonă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_lituanian%C4%83" title="Limba lituaniană">lituaniană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_prusac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba prusacă veche">prusacă veche</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_celtice" title="Limbi celtice">Limbi celtice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_breton%C4%83" title="Limba bretonă">bretonă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_celtiberic%C4%83" title="Limba celtiberică">celtiberică</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_cornic%C4%83" title="Limba cornică">cornică</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_cumbric%C4%83" title="Limba cumbrică">cumbrică</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_gala%C8%9Bian%C4%83" title="Limba galațiană">galațiană</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_galez%C4%83" title="Limba galeză">galeză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_galic%C4%83" title="Limba galică">galică</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_irlandez%C4%83" title="Limba irlandeză">irlandeză</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_lepontic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba lepontică — pagină inexistentă">lepontină</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_manx" title="Limba manx">manx</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_noric%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba norică — pagină inexistentă">norică</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_pictic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba pictică — pagină inexistentă">pictică</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sco%C8%9Bian%C4%83" title="Limba scoțiană">scoțiană</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_germanice" title="Limbi germanice">Limbi germanice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_afrikaans" title="Limba afrikaans">afrikaans</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_burgund%C4%83" title="Limba burgundă">burgundă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_danez%C4%83" title="Limba daneză">daneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83_veche" title="Limba engleză veche">engleză veche</a> (anglosaxonă)</i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_feroez%C4%83" title="Limba feroeză">feroeză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limbile_frizone" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbile frizone">frizonă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_gepid%C4%83" title="Limba gepidă">gepidă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană">germană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_luxemburghez%C4%83" title="Limba luxemburgheză">luxemburgheză</a>• <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_gotic%C4%83" title="Limba gotică">gotă</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_gotic%C4%83_crimeean%C4%83" title="Limba gotică crimeeană">gotă crimeană</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_idi%C8%99" title="Limba idiș">idiș</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_islandez%C4%83" title="Limba islandeză">islandeză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_longobard%C4%83" title="Limba longobardă">longobardă</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_nordic%C4%83_veche" title="Limba nordică veche">nordică veche</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_norvegian%C4%83" title="Limba norvegiană">norvegiană</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">nynorsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">bokmål</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Limba_neerlandez%C4%83" title="Limba neerlandeză">neerlandeză</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_saxon%C4%83_veche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba saxonă veche — pagină inexistentă">saxonă veche</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_suedez%C4%83" title="Limba suedeză">suedeză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_vandalic%C4%83" title="Limba vandalică">vandalică</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_anatoliene" title="Limbi anatoliene">Limbi anatoliene</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Limba_carian%C4%83" title="Limba cariană">cariană</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_hitit%C4%83" title="Limba hitită">hitită</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_lician%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba liciană — pagină inexistentă">liciană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_lidian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba lidiană — pagină inexistentă">lidiană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_luvian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba luviană — pagină inexistentă">luviană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_milian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba miliană — pagină inexistentă">miliană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_palaic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba palaică — pagină inexistentă">palaică</a></i> • </p> <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_pisidian%C4%83" title="Limba pisidiană">pisidiană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sidetic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba sidetică — pagină inexistentă">sidetică</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Altele </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_albanez%C4%83" title="Limba albaneză">albaneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_armean%C4%83" title="Limba armeană">armeană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83" title="Limba greacă">greacă nouă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba greacă veche">greacă veche</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limbile_toharice" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbile toharice">limbile toharice</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Categorisire incertă </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_dac%C4%83" title="Limba dacă">dacă</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_frigian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba frigiană — pagină inexistentă">frigiană</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limbile_ilirice" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbile ilirice">iliră</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_macedonean%C4%83_veche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba macedoneană veche — pagină inexistentă">macedoneană veche</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_trac%C4%83" title="Limba tracă">tracă</a></i></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3">Cu <i>text cursiv</i> sunt marcate limbile dispărute. </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romii_din_România" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Romii_din_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Format:Romii din România"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Romii_din_Rom%C3%A2nia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Romii din România — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Romii_din_Rom%C3%A2nia&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romii_din_România" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romii_din_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Romii din România">Romii din România</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demografie</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limba romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83ie%C8%99i" title="Băieși">Băieși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ld%C4%83rari" title="Căldărari">Căldărari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fierari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fierari — pagină inexistentă">Fierari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C4%83stari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grăstari — pagină inexistentă">Grăstari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C4%83utari" class="mw-redirect" title="Lăutari">Lăutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/53px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png 1.5x, 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agen%C8%9Bia_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_pentru_Romi" title="Agenția Națională pentru Romi">Agenția Națională pentru Romi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aven_Amentza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aven Amentza — pagină inexistentă">Aven Amentza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E-Romnja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E-Romnja — pagină inexistentă">E-Romnja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partida_Romilor_%E2%80%9EPro_Europa%E2%80%9D" title="Partida Romilor „Pro Europa”">Partida Romilor „Pro Europa”</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_CRISS" title="Romani CRISS">Romani CRISS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inițiative</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deceniul_de_incluziune_a_romilor" title="Deceniul de incluziune a romilor">Deceniul de Incluziune a Romilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziua_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_Comemorare_a_Holocaustului" title="Ziua Națională de Comemorare a Holocaustului">Ziua Națională de Comemorare a Holocaustului</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muzică</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_l%C4%83ut%C4%83reasc%C4%83" title="Muzică lăutărească">Muzică lăutărească</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Grupuri muzicale</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanfara_Zece_Pr%C4%83jini" title="Fanfara Zece Prăjini">Fanfara Shukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanfare_Cioc%C4%83rlia" title="Fanfare Ciocărlia">Fanfare Ciocărlia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahala_Rai_Banda" title="Mahala Rai Banda">Mahala Rai Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukar_Collective" title="Shukar Collective">Shukar Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraful_Haiducilor" title="Taraful Haiducilor">Taraful Haiducilor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalități</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Minune" title="Adrian Minune">Adrian Minune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Pann" title="Anton Pann">Anton Pann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83nel_Nicoli%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Bănel Nicoliță">Bănel Nicoliță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connect-R" title="Connect-R">Connect-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delia_Grigore" title="Delia Grigore">Delia Grigore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florin_Salam" title="Florin Salam">Florin Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabi_Lunc%C4%83" title="Gabi Luncă">Gabi Luncă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_R%C4%83ducanu" title="Johnny Răducanu">Johnny Răducanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83d%C4%83lin_Voicu" title="Mădălin Voicu">Mădălin Voicu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Gu%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Nicolae Guță">Nicolae Guță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Cherry" title="Nicole Cherry">Nicole Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe_(c%C3%A2nt%C4%83re%C8%9B)" title="Pepe (cântăreț)">Pepe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lucrări</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inelul_cu_cap_de_cal" title="Inelul cu cap de cal">Inelul cu cap de cal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crea%C8%9Bia_viorii" title="Creația viorii">Creația viorii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933725g">cb11933725g</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933725g">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4129847-0">4129847-0</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85115084">sh85115084</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech 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