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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lexic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lexic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lexic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Situația_în_România" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situația_în_România"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Situația în România</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Situația_în_România-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Limba idiș</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 133 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisj" title="Jiddisj – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jiddisj" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddische_Sprache" title="Jiddische Sprache – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jiddische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AA%E1%8B%B2%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%9B" title="ዪዲሽኛ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዪዲሽኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddisch" title="Yiddisch – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Yiddisch" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اليديشية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اليديشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="ييديش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ييديش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0di%C5%9F_dili" title="İdiş dili – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İdiş dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%97d%C4%97%C5%A1_kalba" title="Jėdėš kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jėdėš kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Yidis" title="Tataramon na Yidis – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Yidis" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Ідыш – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ідыш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Ідыш – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ідыш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Yiddis" title="Basa Yiddis – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Yiddis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="য়িদ্দিশ ভাষা – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="য়িদ্দিশ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yideg" title="Yideg – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yideg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ddix" title="Ídix – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ídix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="زمانی یدیش – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی یدیش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidi%C5%9F_tili" title="Yidiş tili – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yidiş tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iddew-Almaeneg" title="Iddew-Almaeneg – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iddew-Almaeneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidi%C5%9Fki" title="Yidişki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yidişki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Jidišćina – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Jidišćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Γίντις – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γίντις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jido_(lingvo)" title="Jido (lingvo) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jido (lingvo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidis" title="Yidis – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yidis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1i_keel" title="Jidiši keel – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jidiši keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="زبان ییدیش – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ییدیش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddi%C5%A1" title="Jiddiš – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jiddiš" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Jiddiskt mál – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jiddiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidich%C2%B7e" title="Yidich·e – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Yidich·e" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidisk" title="Jidisk – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jidisk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddysk" title="Jiddysk – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jiddysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghi%C3%BAdais" title="An Ghiúdais – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghiúdais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="意第緒語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B9dais" title="Iùdais – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iùdais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yiddish" title="Lingua yiddish – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌾𐌹𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – gotică" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌾𐌹𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewdish" title="Ewdish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ewdish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish-ng%C3%AE" title="Yiddish-ngî – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yiddish-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9" title="יידיש – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יידיש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="यिद्दी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यिद्दी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_bhasa" title="Yiddish bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Yiddish bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Jidišćina – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jidišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddis_nyelv" title="Jiddis nyelv – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jiddis nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B7" title="Իդիշ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իդիշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yiddish" title="Lingua yiddish – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Yiddish" title="Jaku Yiddish – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yiddi" title="Bahasa Yiddi – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Yiddi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddic" title="Yiddic – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Yiddic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Yidis" title="Pagsasao a Yidis – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Yidis" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidisha_linguo" title="Yidisha linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yidisha linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidd%C3%ADska" title="Jiddíska – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jiddíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yiddish" title="Lingua yiddish – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="イディッシュ語 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イディッシュ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Yiddish" title="Basa Yiddish – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="იდიში – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იდიში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayidict" title="Tayidict – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tayidict" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%94%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%96%B4" title="이디시어 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이디시어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_y%C3%AEd%C3%AE%C5%9F" title="Zimanê yîdîş – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê yîdîş" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yedhowek" title="Yedhowek – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yedhowek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Iudaeo-Germanica" title="Lingua Iudaeo-Germanica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Iudaeo-Germanica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idish" title="Idish – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Idish" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ides" title="Ides – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ides" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_yiddish" title="Lengua yiddish – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1s" title="Jidišs – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jidišs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_idisy" title="Fiteny idisy – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny idisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Идиш йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Идиш йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Јидиш – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јидиш" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" title="യിദ്ദിഷ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യിദ്ദിഷ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="यिडिश भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यिडिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yiddish" title="Bahasa Yiddish – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="ییدیش – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ییدیش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddische_Spraak" title="Jiddische Spraak – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jiddische Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisj" title="Jiddisj – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Jiddisj" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਯਿੱਦੀਸ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਿੱਦੀਸ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddisch" title="Yiddisch – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Yiddisch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidysz" title="Jidysz – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jidysz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B4" title="یدش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یدش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ييديشي ژبه – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ييديشي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_i%C3%ADdiche" title="Língua iídiche – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua iídiche" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yithish_simi" title="Yithish simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yithish simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱭᱤᱫᱫᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱭᱤᱫᱫᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yiddish" title="Lingua yiddish – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_leid" title="Yiddish leid – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yiddish leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidish" title="Jidish – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jidish" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Јидиш (језик) – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јидиш (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyiddish" title="Kiyiddish – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiyiddish" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidisz" title="Jidisz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jidisz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இத்திய மொழி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இத்திய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Забони Идиш – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони Идиш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="ภาษายิดดิช – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษายิดดิช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Yidis" title="Wikang Yidis – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Yidis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1i" title="Jidiši – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Jidiši" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidi%C5%9F" title="Yidiş – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yidiş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Идиш теле – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Идиш теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Їдиш – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Їдиш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یدیش زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یدیش زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idish" title="Idish – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Idish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Yiddish" title="Tiếng Yiddish – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="意第绪语 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="意第绪语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="იდიში – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იდიში" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9" title="יידיש – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יידיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="意第緒語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish-g%C3%AD" title="Yiddish-gí – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yiddish-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87" title="依地文 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="依地文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Limba_idi%C8%99"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Limba_idi%C8%99" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Limba_idi%C8%99" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&oldid=15941868" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Limba_idi%C8%99&id=15941868&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLimba_idi%25C8%2599"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLimba_idi%25C8%2599"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Limba+idi%C8%99"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yiddish_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8641" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet limba" style="background-color:#ccf;color:#000000;">Limba idiș<br /><span lang="yi" style="font-style:italic">יידיש</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Număr de vorbitori</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">1.000.000<sup id="cite_ref-a127cf68c684cb7efafddb8dc263978d_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a127cf68c684cb7efafddb8dc263978d-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8641#P1098" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Sistem de scriere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106644552" class="extiw" title="d:Q106644552">alfabet cu caractere ebraice</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_cu_caractere_ebraice_(writing_system_used_to_write_most_Jewish_languages)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet cu caractere ebraice (writing system used to write most Jewish languages) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_ebraic" title="Alfabetul ebraic">alfabetul ebraic</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8641#P282" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccf;color:#000000;">Clasificare</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><div style="margin-left:15px"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">limbi indo-europene</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a href="/wiki/Limbi_germanice" title="Limbi germanice">limbi germanice</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a href="/wiki/Limbi_germanice_de_vest" title="Limbi germanice de vest">Limbi germanice de vest</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germana_de_sus_(Hochdeutsch)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germana de sus (Hochdeutsch) — pagină inexistentă">germana de sus (Hochdeutsch)</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52040" class="extiw" title="d:Q52040"><span title="germana de sus (Hochdeutsch) la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">limba idiș</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccf;color:#000000;">Statut oficial și codificare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Organ de<br />reglementare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259337" class="extiw" title="d:Q259337">YIVO</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YIVO_(organization_that_preserves,_studies,_and_teaches_the_cultural_history_of_Jewish_life_throughout_Eastern_Europe,_Germany,_and_Russia_as_well_as_orthography,_lexicography,_and_other_studies_related_to_Yiddish)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YIVO (organization that preserves, studies, and teaches the cultural history of Jewish life throughout Eastern Europe, Germany, and Russia as well as orthography, lexicography, and other studies related to Yiddish) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8641#P1018" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">yi<sup id="cite_ref-a72cd193d508e3402151f4704f2818ec_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a72cd193d508e3402151f4704f2818ec-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8641#P218" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">yid<sup id="cite_ref-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8641#P219" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-3<br />(cel mai<br />răspândit dialect)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">yid<sup id="cite_ref-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8641#P220" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Puteți vizita <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <b><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="yi:">în limba idiș</a></b>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Această pagină poate conține caractere <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajutor:Unicode">Unicode</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##ccf solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8641" class="extiw" title="d:Q8641">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Limb%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Idiș</b> (<i>ייִדיש, Yiddish</i>) , în trecut cunoscută și ca <b>iudeo-germana</b> (<b>Jüdischdeutsch</b> sau Judendeutsch - יידיש-דייטש sau taitsh טייטש) este o limbă <a href="/wiki/Limbi_germanice_de_vest" title="Limbi germanice de vest">vest-germanică</a>, vorbită de aproximativ 1 milion de <a href="/wiki/Evrei" title="Evrei">evrei</a> <a href="/wiki/A%C8%99kenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Așkenazi">așkenazi</a> în toată lumea, cu o concentrație mai mare în <a href="/wiki/America_de_Nord" title="America de Nord">America de Nord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_de_Est" title="Europa de Est">Europa de Est</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_central%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa centrală">Europa centrală</a> și <a href="/wiki/Europa_de_vest" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa de vest">de vest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> etc.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limba s-a format în regiunea populată de <a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">germani</a> între <a href="/wiki/Secolul_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul IX">secolul IX</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Secolul_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XIV">secolul XIV</a>, desprinzându-se din graiurile meridionale ale <a href="/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană">limbii germane</a> din faza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mittelhochdeutsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mittelhochdeutsch — pagină inexistentă">Mittelhochdeutsch</a><sup id="cite_ref-La_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și a fost vreme de circa o mie de ani limba principală a evreilor <a href="/wiki/A%C8%99kenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Așkenazi">așkenazi</a>. În afara componentei dominante germane - Mittelhochdeutsch, posedă și o componentă importantă <a href="/wiki/Ebraic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraică">ebraică</a>-<a href="/wiki/Aramaic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaică">aramaică</a>, de asemenea o componentă <a href="/wiki/Limbi_romanice" title="Limbi romanice">romanică</a> și una <a href="/wiki/Limbi_slave" title="Limbi slave">slavă</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-La_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Limba idiș a cunoscut două variante: <b>idișul vestic</b> și <b>idișul estic</b>. Acesta din urmă cuprinde mai multe <a href="/wiki/Grai" title="Grai">graiuri</a>:idișul estic de nord sau <b>idișul lituanian</b>, idișul estic de centru sau <b>idișul polonez</b>, și idișul estic de sud sau <b>idișul ucrainean</b>. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Evul_Mediu" title="Evul Mediu">Evul Mediu</a> migrația evreilor așkenazi din regiunile vorbitoare de germană, mai ales spre estul Europei, în urma colonizării germane în Europa centrală și de est, și în urma prigoanelor și expulzărilor, inclusiv în timpul <a href="/wiki/Cruciade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruciade">cruciadelor</a> si <a href="/wiki/Epidemie" title="Epidemie">epidemiilor</a>,au dus la folosirea limbii idiș în estul Europei, unde s-a născut idișul estic. La sfârșitul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolului al XIX-lea</a> - începutul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XX-lea" title="Secolul al XX-lea">secolului al XX-lea</a> odată cu valurile de emigrație a milioane de evrei din Europa de est înapoi spre vest, idișul estic a ajuns în noi centre evreiești din vestul Europei, <a href="/wiki/America_de_Nord" title="America de Nord">America de Nord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, de asemenea în <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. </p><p>Idișul a fost una dintre cele trei limbi evreiești ale evreilor așkenazi, alături de ebraică și aramaică, care erau în mare parte rezervate limbajului scris. A fost folosit nu numai ca limbă vorbită de zi cu zi, dar și scrisă și tipărită cu caractere ebraice. Iudeo-spaniola - judezmo sau <a href="/wiki/Ladino" class="mw-disambig" title="Ladino">ladino</a>, a jucat un rol similar pentru evreii <a href="/wiki/Sefarzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefarzi">sefarzi</a> precum idișul pentru evreii așkenazi. </p><p>În timp ce idișul vestic a început să se stingă încă din secolul al XVIII-lea, idișul estic a rămas limba de zi cu zi a unei mari părți din evreii din Europa de Est până când milioane dintre ei au fost nimiciți în <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> (Shoá). În Israel uzul idișului s-a redus și din cauza politicii oficiale de încurajare a folosirii ebraicii în detrimentul idișului. <a href="/wiki/Acultura%C8%9Bie" title="Aculturație">Aculturația</a> evreilor în diverse state a contribuit și ea la reducerea cunoașterii limbii în rândul noilor generații. </p><p>La începutul secolului al XX-lea limba idiș a avut circa 11 milioane de vorbitori. Astăzi, idișul este încă vorbit ca limbă maternă de descendenții (adesea în vârstă) ai evreilor din Europa de Est, de un număr foarte mic de așa numiți „idișiști” inclusiv adepți ai unor grupuri minore ale mișcării social-democrate evreiești <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bund — pagină inexistentă">Bund</a>, și în special de o mare masă de <a href="/wiki/Iudaism_ultraortodox" title="Iudaism ultraortodox">evrei ultra-ortodocși</a> așkenazi în <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite" class="mw-redirect" title="Statele Unite">Statele Unite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a>, etc. Numărul vorbitorilor nativi este estimat la maximum un milion.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În evoluția sa, limba idiș a trecut prin mai multe etape: </p><p>(1100-1250) - Prezența evreilor se extinde spre cursul superior al Rinului, spre fluviile <a href="/wiki/Main" title="Main">Main</a> și <a href="/wiki/Dun%C4%83re" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunăre">Dunărea</a>. Limba începe să difere mult de cea din teritoriile respective (germana de sus medie), (perioada B). Unele dialecte din Germania meridională și centrală și-au lăsat cea mai accentuată amprentă asupra limbii idiș. </p><p><b>Idișul vechi</b> (în germană Altjiddisch ori Altjüdisch):<br /> (1250-1500) - Din cauza prigoanei, a pogromurilor și expulzărilor, precum și mulțumită drepturilor acordate evreilor de Polonia, centrul colectivității evreiești din Europa s-a mutat spre răsărit - în (<a href="/wiki/Boemia" title="Boemia">Boemia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> și <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a>). În felul acesta, se ajunge la o nouă fază a limbii idiș. Primele urme scrise ale limbii idiș vestice provin din anul <a href="/wiki/1272" title="1272">1272</a>, sub forma unei dedicații într-o carte de rugăciuni și a unui glosar pe marginea unui manuscris al <a href="/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia">Bibliei</a>, cu influențe slave, în special din <a href="/wiki/Limba_polonez%C4%83" title="Limba poloneză">limba poloneză</a>. </p><p><b>Idișul mediu</b> (în germană Mitteljiddisch ori Mitteljüdisch):<br /> (1500-1700) - Limba se răspândește în noi zone ale Europei (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> de nord, <a href="/wiki/Olanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Olanda">Olanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsacia" title="Alsacia">Alsacia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statele_baltice" title="Statele baltice">țările baltice</a> și <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> de nord). Începe diferențierea între dialectul apusean și cel oriental - datorită influențelor mai puternice sau mai slabe ale limbilor slave și ale limbii germane literare. </p><p><b>Idișul nou</b> (în germană Neujiddisch ori Neujüdisch):<br /> (1700 - astăzi) - Ramura apuseană idiș suferă un declin lent, în timp ce cea estică se dezvoltă, devine o <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_literar%C4%83" title="Limbă literară">limbă literară</a> în care sunt scrise opere <a href="/wiki/Literatur%C4%83" title="Literatură">beletristice</a>. </p><p>După 1800 au început emigrări masive spre <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite ale Americii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> și <a href="/wiki/America_de_Sud" title="America de Sud">America de Sud</a>, unde s-a exportat și limba idiș. Graiurile contemporane sunt rezultatul unor procese de adopție și respingere de termeni, dintr-o anumită limbă, de inovații <a href="/wiki/Fonologie" title="Fonologie">fonologice</a> de modificări <a href="/wiki/Semantica" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantica">semantice</a> și de mutații morfologice și sintactice. În era contemporană limba idiș a fost influențată și de <a href="/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană">limba germană</a> standard (Neuhochdeutsch), de <a href="/wiki/Englez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleză">engleză</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebraica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraica">ebraica</a> modernă, <a href="/wiki/Spaniola" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaniola">spaniola</a>, și de limbi ale popoarelor vecine în diferitele state în care au trăit sau trăiesc evrei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lexic">Lexic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lexic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Lexic"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Componentele limbii idiș</i>, ca limbă de fuziune lingvistică (germană Schmelzsprache) :<br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Componenta germană</b>: constituie circa 80% din lexic , dictează sintaxa și morfologia. <sup id="cite_ref-ma_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Componenta ebraică-arameică</b>: constituie circa 12-15% <sup id="cite_ref-ma_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, dar acest lexic provine din sfera religioasă, înțelepciunea evreiască și domenii conexe. Ebraica se numea în idiș <i>loshn qoydesh</i>, adică limba sacră.</li> <li><b>Componenta romanică</b>: provenită din perioada în care comunitățile evreiești erau stabilite pe teritoriul Franței de astăzi (înainte de anul 800). O parte din lexicul romanic reprezintă împrumuturi din limba italiană. Se numește <i>Laaz</i>, prescurtare acronimă a cuvintelor ebraice Leshon am zar (limbă de popor străin).</li> <li><b>Componenta slavă</b>: conține în special cuvinte privind casa, gospodăria și familia și influențează <a href="/wiki/Aspect" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspect">aspectele</a> verbelor<sup id="cite_ref-ma_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Era denumită odată <i>knaanit</i> („cananeană”). Majoritatea acestor cuvinte au ca sursă <a href="/wiki/Limba_bielorus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba bielorusă">limba bielorusă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_ucrainean%C4%83" title="Limba ucraineană">limba ucraineană</a> (1500-1600) și <a href="/wiki/Limba_polonez%C4%83" title="Limba poloneză">limba poloneză</a> (1700-1800).</li></ul> <p>Limba idiș este scrisă în <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_ebraic" title="Alfabetul ebraic">alfabetul ebraic</a>. În <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> scriitorului de limbă idiș <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a> i-a fost conferit <a href="/wiki/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură">Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Situația_în_România"><span id="Situa.C8.9Bia_.C3.AEn_Rom.C3.A2nia"></span>Situația în România</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Situația în România" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Situația în România"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La recensământul din anul <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> au fost înregistrați în <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Rom%C3%A2niei" title="Regatul României">Regatul României</a> 518.754 de vorbitori de idiș ca limbă maternă, reprezentând 2,9% din totalul populației României. Pe provincii, cel mai ridicat procentaj de vorbitori de idiș a fost consemnat în <a href="/wiki/Bucovina" title="Bucovina">Bucovina</a> (8,7% din totalul populației), urmat de <a href="/wiki/Basarabia" title="Basarabia">Basarabia</a> (7,0%), <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> (4,5%), <a href="/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana" title="Crișana">Crișana</a>-<a href="/wiki/Maramure%C8%99" title="Maramureș">Maramureș</a> (4,2%) și <a href="/wiki/Transilvania" title="Transilvania">Transilvania</a> (1,6%). În Transilvania și <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> majoritatea evreilor erau vorbitori de maghiară sau germană ca limbă maternă. În <a href="/wiki/Vechiul_Regat" title="Vechiul Regat">Vechiul Regat</a> majoritatea evreilor erau vorbitori de română ca limbă maternă. Cu toate acestea, din totalul de 69.885 de evrei înregistrați în <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> la <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București">București</a>, 13.539 de persoane au declarat limba idiș ca limbă maternă, ceea ce corespunde unui procentaj de 2,11% din totalul populației Bucureștiului din acel an. În timpul regimului comunist în România au existat o scurtă vreme în Moldova câteva școli în limba idiș, și au funcționat două teatre de stat în această limbă - la <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București">București</a> și la <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a> (până în 1964). De asemenea <a href="/wiki/Revista_Cultului_Mozaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Revista Cultului Mozaic">Revista Cultului Mozaic</a> a avut o pagină în limba idiș, alături de cele în limba română și de cea în ebraică. La <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București">București</a> încă funcționează, în virtutea tradiției istorice, și cu subvenție din partea autorităților, <a href="/wiki/Teatrul_Evreiesc_de_Stat_din_Bucure%C8%99ti" title="Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat din București">Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat</a>, ale cărui spectacole sunt în mare parte în limba idiș, cu traducere simultană prin căști. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_limbi" title="Listă de limbi">Listă de limbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">Limbi indo-europene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbi_germanice" title="Limbi germanice">Limbi germanice</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>dtv - Atlas der deutschen Sprache ("Atlasul limbii germane", ediția paperback dtv, coordonator Werner König) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.amazon.de/dtv-deutsche-Sprache-Werner-K%C3%B6nig/dp/3423030259">http://www.amazon.de/dtv-deutsche-Sprache-Werner-K%C3%B6nig/dp/3423030259</a></li> <li>David M. Eberhard, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). <i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i>. Twenty-sixth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. 2023 online version: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com">http://www.ethnologue.com</a>.</li> <li>Bernard Spolsky - <b>Languages of the Jews</b></li> <li>Annick Prime-Margules, Nadia Déhan-Rothschild - <i>Le Yiddish</i>, Assimil, Chennevières-sur-Marne, France, 2010</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a127cf68c684cb7efafddb8dc263978d-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a127cf68c684cb7efafddb8dc263978d_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/"><i>Ethnologue</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+idi%C8%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a72cd193d508e3402151f4704f2818ec-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a72cd193d508e3402151f4704f2818ec_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xml.coverpages.org/iso639a.html">http://xml.coverpages.org/iso639a.html</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxml.coverpages.org%2Fiso639a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+idi%C8%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-96414f91692e3b9eba24dbc0dcb3fbf7_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://op.europa.eu/web/eu-vocabularies/at-dataset/-/resource/dataset/language"><i><span lang="en">Language</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3ELanguage%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fop.europa.eu%2Fweb%2Feu-vocabularies%2Fat-dataset%2F-%2Fresource%2Fdataset%2Flanguage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+idi%C8%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ethnologue</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Jacobs, Neil G. (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <i>Yiddish: a Linguistic Introduction</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-521-77215-X" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-521-77215-X">0-521-77215-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yiddish%3A+a+Linguistic+Introduction&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-521-77215-X&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Neil+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+idi%C8%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-La-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-La_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-La_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> C.Landolt p.128 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ethnologue</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ma-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ma_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> A.Prime Margules. Nadia Dahan-Rothschild 2010 p.VII</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_idi%C8%99&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yiddish.haifa.ac.il/Stories.html">Di Velt fun Yidish: Audio Stories - Lumea idișului - povestiri audio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413052530/http://yiddish.haifa.ac.il/Stories.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-04-13">13 aprilie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><i>Seltener gelernte germanische Sprachen. Afrikaans, Färöisch, Friesisch, Jenisch, Jiddisch, Limburgisch, Luxemburgisch, Niederdeutsch, Nynorsk</i>. Shaker, Düren 2019, S. 127–160 și 298 (PDF), aici p. 130 f. despre simbioză precum și p.136 și 154–159 despre lexic.</li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idiotikon.ch/Texte/Landolt/Jiddisch_Landolt_EuroComGerm_Bd2">Christoph Landolt: <i>Jiddisch</i>. In: Janet Duke (Hrsg.): EuroComGerm. <i>Germanische Sprachen lesen lernen</i>. Band 2 Shaker, Düren 2019</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaziojml.it/lindale/ebraism/yiddish.html:">La lingua Yiddish</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Limbi_indo-europene" title="Format:Limbi indo-europene"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Limbi_indo-europene" title="Discuție Format:Limbi indo-europene"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Limbi_indo-europene&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">Limbi indo-europene</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-iraniene" title="Limbi indo-iraniene">Limbi indo-iraniene</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_assamez%C4%83" title="Limba assameză">assameză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_avestic%C4%83" title="Limba avestică">avestică</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_bactrian%C4%83" title="Limba bactriană">bactriană</a></i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_belucian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba beluciană — pagină inexistentă">beluciană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_bengalez%C4%83" title="Limba bengaleză">bengaleză</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ka%C8%99mirian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba kașmiriană — pagină inexistentă">kașmiriană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_persan%C4%83" title="Limba persană">dari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_hindi" title="Limba hindi">hindi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_gujarati" title="Limba gujarati">gujarati</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_kuci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba kuci — pagină inexistentă">kuci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_kurd%C4%83" title="Limba kurdă">kurdă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_maithili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba maithili — pagină inexistentă">maithili</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_malvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba malvi — pagină inexistentă">malvi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_marathi" title="Limba marathi">marathi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_nepalez%C4%83" title="Limba nepaleză">nepaleză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_oriya" title="Limba oriya">oriană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ose%C8%9Bian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba osețiană">osețiană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_pali" title="Limba pali">pali</a></i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_pamirian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba pamiriană — pagină inexistentă">pamiriană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_pa%C8%99tun%C4%83" title="Limba paștună">paștună</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_persan%C4%83" title="Limba persană">persană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_punjab%C4%83" title="Limba punjabă">punjabă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_%C8%9Big%C4%83neasc%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba țigănească">romani</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_saka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba saka — pagină inexistentă">saka</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sanscrit%C4%83" title="Limba sanscrită">sanscrită</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sarmat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba sarmată — pagină inexistentă">sarmată</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sci%C8%9Bian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba scițiană — pagină inexistentă">scițiană</a></i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sindhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba sindhi — pagină inexistentă">sindhi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_singalez%C4%83" title="Limba singaleză">singaleză</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_%C8%99uma%C8%99ti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba șumaști — pagină inexistentă">șumaști</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_tadjic%C4%83" title="Limba tadjică">tadjică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_urdu" title="Limba urdu">urdu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_zazaki" title="Limba zazaki">zazaki</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="17"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:IE_expansion.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Expansiunea limbilor indo-europene"><img alt="Expansiunea limbilor indo-europene" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/100px-IE_expansion.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/150px-IE_expansion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/200px-IE_expansion.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="275" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_italice" title="Limbi italice">Limbi italice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_aragonez%C4%83" title="Limba aragoneză">aragoneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_aranez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba araneză">araneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_arom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba aromână">aromână</a> (macedoromână) • <a href="/wiki/Limba_asturian%C4%83" title="Limba asturiană">asturiană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_catalan%C4%83" title="Limba catalană">catalană</a> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_valencian%C4%83" title="Limba valenciană">valenciană</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Limba_corsican%C4%83" title="Limba corsicană">corsicană</a> (galureză) • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_dalmat%C4%83" title="Limba dalmată">dalmată</a></i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_fala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba fala — pagină inexistentă">fala</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_falisc%C4%83" title="Limba faliscă">faliscă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză">franceză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_friulan%C4%83" title="Limba friulană">friulană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_galician%C4%83" title="Limba galiciană">galiciană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_istrorom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba istroromână">istroromână</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_italian%C4%83" title="Limba italiană">italiană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ladin%C4%83" title="Limba ladină">ladină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ladino" title="Limba ladino">ladino</a> (iudeo-spaniolă) • <a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">latină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_meglenorom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba meglenoromână">meglenoromână</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_mirandez%C4%83" title="Limba mirandeză">mirandeză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_neapolitan%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba neapolitană">neapolitană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_occitan%C4%83" title="Limba occitană">occitană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_osc%C4%83" title="Limba oscă">oscă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_piemontez%C4%83" title="Limba piemonteză">piemonteză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_portughez%C4%83" title="Limba portugheză">portugheză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_retoroman%C4%83" title="Limba retoromană">retoromană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba română">română</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sard%C4%83" title="Limba sardă">sardă</a> (campidaneză, logudoreză) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sasarez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba sasareză — pagină inexistentă">sasareză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sicilian%C4%83" title="Limba siciliană">siciliană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_spaniol%C4%83" title="Limba spaniolă">spaniolă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_umbrian%C4%83" title="Limba umbriană">umbriană</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_valon%C4%83" title="Limba valonă">valonă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_venet%C4%83" title="Limba venetă">venetă</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_slave" title="Limbi slave">Limbi slave</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_bosniac%C4%83" title="Limba bosniacă">bosniacă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_bulgar%C4%83" title="Limba bulgară">bulgară</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ca%C8%99ubian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba cașubiană">cașubiană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ceh%C4%83" title="Limba cehă">cehă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_cnaanic%C4%83" title="Limba cnaanică">cnaanică</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_croat%C4%83" title="Limba croată">croată</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_interslav%C4%83" title="Limba interslavă">interslavă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_macedonean%C4%83" title="Limba macedoneană">macedoneană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_muntenegrean%C4%83" title="Limba muntenegreană">muntenegreană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_polab%C4%83" title="Limba polabă">polabă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_polonez%C4%83" title="Limba poloneză">poloneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_pomeranian%C4%83" title="Limba pomeraniană">pomeraniană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_s%C3%A2rb%C4%83" title="Limba sârbă">sârbă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_silezian%C4%83" title="Limba sileziană">sileziană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_slav%C4%83_veche" title="Limba slavă veche">slavă veche</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_slavon%C4%83" title="Limba slavonă">slavonă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_slovac%C4%83" title="Limba slovacă">slovacă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sloven%C4%83" title="Limba slovenă">slovenă</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_prekmur%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba prekmură — pagină inexistentă">limba prekmură</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_resian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba resiană — pagină inexistentă">limba resiană</a>) • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_slovincian%C4%83" title="Limba slovinciană">slovinciană</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sorab%C4%83_de_jos" title="Limba sorabă de jos">sorabă de jos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sorab%C4%83_de_sus" title="Limba sorabă de sus">sorabă de sus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_ucrainean%C4%83" title="Limba ucraineană">ucraineană</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice" title="Limbi baltice">Limbi baltice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_curonian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba curoniană — pagină inexistentă">curoniană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_jatvian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba jatviană — pagină inexistentă">jatviană</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_selonian%C4%83" title="Limba seloniană">seloniană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_zemgalian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba zemgaliană — pagină inexistentă">zemgaliană</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_leton%C4%83" title="Limba letonă">letonă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_lituanian%C4%83" title="Limba lituaniană">lituaniană</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_prusac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba prusacă veche">prusacă veche</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_celtice" title="Limbi celtice">Limbi celtice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_breton%C4%83" title="Limba bretonă">bretonă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_celtiberic%C4%83" title="Limba celtiberică">celtiberică</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_cornic%C4%83" title="Limba cornică">cornică</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_cumbric%C4%83" title="Limba cumbrică">cumbrică</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_gala%C8%9Bian%C4%83" title="Limba galațiană">galațiană</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_galez%C4%83" title="Limba galeză">galeză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_galic%C4%83" title="Limba galică">galică</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_irlandez%C4%83" title="Limba irlandeză">irlandeză</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_lepontic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba lepontică — pagină inexistentă">lepontină</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_manx" title="Limba manx">manx</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_noric%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba norică — pagină inexistentă">norică</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_pictic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba pictică — pagină inexistentă">pictică</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_sco%C8%9Bian%C4%83" title="Limba scoțiană">scoțiană</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_germanice" title="Limbi germanice">Limbi germanice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_afrikaans" title="Limba afrikaans">afrikaans</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_burgund%C4%83" title="Limba burgundă">burgundă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_danez%C4%83" title="Limba daneză">daneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83_veche" title="Limba engleză veche">engleză veche</a> (anglosaxonă)</i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_feroez%C4%83" title="Limba feroeză">feroeză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limbile_frizone" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbile frizone">frizonă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_gepid%C4%83" title="Limba gepidă">gepidă</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană">germană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_luxemburghez%C4%83" title="Limba luxemburgheză">luxemburgheză</a>• <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_gotic%C4%83" title="Limba gotică">gotă</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_gotic%C4%83_crimeean%C4%83" title="Limba gotică crimeeană">gotă crimeană</a></i> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">idiș</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_islandez%C4%83" title="Limba islandeză">islandeză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_longobard%C4%83" title="Limba longobardă">longobardă</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_nordic%C4%83_veche" title="Limba nordică veche">nordică veche</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_norvegian%C4%83" title="Limba norvegiană">norvegiană</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">nynorsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">bokmål</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Limba_neerlandez%C4%83" title="Limba neerlandeză">neerlandeză</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_saxon%C4%83_veche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba saxonă veche — pagină inexistentă">saxonă veche</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_suedez%C4%83" title="Limba suedeză">suedeză</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_vandalic%C4%83" title="Limba vandalică">vandalică</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_anatoliene" title="Limbi anatoliene">Limbi anatoliene</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Limba_carian%C4%83" title="Limba cariană">cariană</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_hitit%C4%83" title="Limba hitită">hitită</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_lician%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba liciană — pagină inexistentă">liciană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_lidian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba lidiană — pagină inexistentă">lidiană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_luvian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba luviană — pagină inexistentă">luviană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_milian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba miliană — pagină inexistentă">miliană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_palaic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba palaică — pagină inexistentă">palaică</a></i> • </p> <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_pisidian%C4%83" title="Limba pisidiană">pisidiană</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sidetic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba sidetică — pagină inexistentă">sidetică</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Altele </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Limba_albanez%C4%83" title="Limba albaneză">albaneză</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_armean%C4%83" title="Limba armeană">armeană</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83" title="Limba greacă">greacă nouă</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba greacă veche">greacă veche</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limbile_toharice" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbile toharice">limbile toharice</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Categorisire incertă </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_dac%C4%83" title="Limba dacă">dacă</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_frigian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba frigiană — pagină inexistentă">frigiană</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limbile_ilirice" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbile ilirice">iliră</a></i> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_macedonean%C4%83_veche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba macedoneană veche — pagină inexistentă">macedoneană veche</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Limba_trac%C4%83" title="Limba tracă">tracă</a></i></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3">Cu <i>text cursiv</i> sunt marcate limbile dispărute. </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_idiș&oldid=15941868">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_idiș&oldid=15941868</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Evrei_a%C8%99kenazi" title="Categorie:Evrei așkenazi">Evrei așkenazi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Limbi_germanice" title="Categorie:Limbi germanice">Limbi germanice</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_cit%C4%83ri_f%C4%83r%C4%83_titluri" title="Categorie:Pagini 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