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Ruanda - Wikipedia
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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Ruanda" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Ruanda" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti personali" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti personali</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utente" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" 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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Il_periodo_coloniale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_periodo_coloniale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Il periodo coloniale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_periodo_coloniale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'indipendenza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'indipendenza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>L'indipendenza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'indipendenza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_genocidio_del_1994" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_genocidio_del_1994"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Il genocidio del 1994</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_genocidio_del_1994-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_vent'anni_seguenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_vent'anni_seguenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>I vent'anni seguenti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_vent'anni_seguenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anni_2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anni_2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Anni 2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anni_2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Territorio</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Territorio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Territorio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Territorio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Idrografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idrografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Idrografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idrografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popolazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popolazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Popolazione</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popolazione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Popolazione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popolazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etnie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etnie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Etnie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etnie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Lingue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordinamento_dello_stato" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordinamento_dello_stato"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ordinamento dello stato</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ordinamento_dello_stato-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Ordinamento dello stato</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ordinamento_dello_stato-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suddivisione_amministrativa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suddivisione_amministrativa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Suddivisione amministrativa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suddivisione_amministrativa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istituzioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istituzioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Istituzioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istituzioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istruzione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istruzione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Istruzione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istruzione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Università" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Università"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Università</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Università-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistema_giuridico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_giuridico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Sistema giuridico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_giuridico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diritti_umani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diritti_umani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Diritti umani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diritti_umani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Politica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistema_politico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_politico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.1</span> <span>Sistema politico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_politico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Economia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Settore_primario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settore_primario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Settore primario</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settore_primario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settore_secondario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settore_secondario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Settore secondario</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settore_secondario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trasporti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trasporti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Trasporti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trasporti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Commercio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecomunicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecomunicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Telecomunicazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecomunicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Situazione_sanitaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situazione_sanitaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Situazione sanitaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Situazione_sanitaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambiente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambiente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ambiente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambiente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Cultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Patrimoni_dell'umanità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patrimoni_dell'umanità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Patrimoni dell'umanità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patrimoni_dell'umanità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Letteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Musica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruanda_nello_spazio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruanda_nello_spazio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Ruanda nello spazio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruanda_nello_spazio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tradizioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradizioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Tradizioni</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tradizioni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Tradizioni</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tradizioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bandiera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bandiera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Bandiera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bandiera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Gastronomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ricorrenze_nazionali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ricorrenze_nazionali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Ricorrenze nazionali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ricorrenze_nazionali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruanda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 239 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-239" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">239 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - abcaso" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abcaso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - accinese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="accinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ሩዋንዳ - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩዋንዳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवांडा - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रवांडा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवांडा - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रवांडा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="রুয়ান্ডা - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুয়ান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="རུ་ཝན་ཌ། - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རུ་ཝན་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="রুয়ান্ডা - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রুয়ান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ڕواندا - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕواندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - dinca" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - basso sorabo" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="basso sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A7" title="ރުވާންޑާ - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރުވާންޑާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ρουάντα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruando" title="Ruando - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ruando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="voce consigliata"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwannda" title="Ruwannda - fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ruwannda" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="voce consigliata"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouanda" title="Rouanda - francoprovenzale" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rouanda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovenzale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruande" title="Ruande - friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ruande" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBanda" title="Rûanda - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rûanda" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - gagauzo" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubhanda" title="Rubhanda - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rubhanda" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rru%C3%A1nda" title="Rruánda - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rruánda" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE" title="રવાંડા - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રવાંડા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooandey" title="Rooandey - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rooandey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="רואנדה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רואנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुआण्डा - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रुआण्डा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - alto sorabo" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Ռուանդա - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուանդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAanda" title="Rúanda - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúanda" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="ルワンダ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルワンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="რუანდა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუანდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwandaa" title="Ruwandaa - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruwandaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1" title="ರುವಾಂಡ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರುವಾಂಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%99%84%EB%8B%A4" title="르완다 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="르완다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - permiaco" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="permiaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanda" title="Roanda - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Roanda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81wana" title="Rāwana - maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rāwana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="റുവാണ്ട - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റുവാണ്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯔꯋꯥꯟꯗꯥ - manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯋꯥꯟꯗꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="ऱ्वांडा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऱ्वांडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - mari occidentale" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ရဝမ်ဒါနိုင်ငံ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရဝမ်ဒါနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="روآندا - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روآندا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - basso tedesco olandese" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - sotho del nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwaandaa" title="Ruwaandaa - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ruwaandaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE" title="ରୁଆଣ୍ଡା - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରୁଆଣ୍ଡା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%C3%A6" title="Руандæ - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Руандæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰਵਾਂਡਾ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਵਾਂਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - pidgin nigeriano" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="pidgin nigeriano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवाण्डा - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रवाण्डा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="روانڈا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روانڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%D8%A7" title="رونډا - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رونډا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwantha" title="Ruwantha - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruwantha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwanda" title="Urwanda - rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Urwanda" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Рванда - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Рванда" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवाण्डा - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रवाण्डा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanna" title="Ruanna - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ruanna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%A7" title="روانڊا - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روانڊا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - sami del nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand%C3%A4a" title="Ruandäa - sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Ruandäa" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9D%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းရဝၢၼ်းတႃႇ - shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရဝၢၼ်းတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රුවන්ඩාව - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුවන්ඩාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - samoano" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - sami di Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami di Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRuwanda" title="IRuwanda - swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRuwanda" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - sotho del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sotho del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - slesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="உருவாண்டா - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருவாண்டா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE" title="రువాండా - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రువాండా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศรวันดา - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรวันดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ሩዋንዳ - tigrino" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩዋንዳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - taliscio" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="taliscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رۋاندا - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۋاندا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="روانڈا - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روانڈا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand" title="Ruand - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ruand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand%C3%A4n" title="Ruandän - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ruandän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwandaa" title="Ruwandaa - wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ruwandaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" title="卢旺达 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卢旺达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="რუანდა - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუანდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2" title="רוואנדע - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוואנדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - zelandese" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵔⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ - tamazight del Marocco standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight del Marocco standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" title="卢旺达 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卢旺达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94" title="盧旺達 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="盧旺達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRuwanda" title="IRuwanda - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRuwanda" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1037#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Ruanda" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruanda"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruanda"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Ruanda" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Ruanda" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&oldid=141949596" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Ruanda&id=141949596&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRuanda"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRuanda"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ruanda"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ruanda&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/Categoria:Ruanda" hreflang="it"><span>Wikinotizie</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ruanda" hreflang="it"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ruanda" hreflang="it"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1037" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div style="font-size: small"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_geografiche" title="Coordinate geografiche">Coordinate</a>: <a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Speciale:Map/8/-2/30/it" data-zoom="8" data-lat="-2" data-lon="30" data-overlays="["_042c57e7cacc939c477bfc281adceb980b095a06"]">2°S 30°E</a><span class="geo" style="display:none"><span class="latitude">2°S</span>, <span class="longitude">30°E</span></span></span></div></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Ruanda_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ruanda (disambigua)">Ruanda (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130658281"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – "Rwanda" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Rwanda_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rwanda (disambigua)">Rwanda (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume le principali caratteristiche di uno Stato"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;">Ruanda</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div style="display:grid; grid-auto-flow:column; gap:.2em .4em; margin:0 auto; max-width:255px; align-items:center; justify-content:space-evenly;"> <div style="grid-area:1;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruanda – Bandiera"><img alt="Ruanda – Bandiera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/125px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/188px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/250px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div style="grid-area:2;"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Bandiera_ruandese" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandiera ruandese">dettagli</a>)</small></div> <div style="grid-area:1;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruanda - Stemma"><img alt="Ruanda - Stemma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></div> <div style="grid-area:2;"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Stemma_del_Ruanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Stemma del Ruanda">dettagli</a>)</small></div> </div> <div style="font-style:italic; padding:.2em 0;">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="kinyarwanda">RW</abbr></span>) Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu<br />(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Unità, Lavoro, Patriottismo</div> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rwanda_on_the_globe_(Zambia_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruanda - Localizzazione"><img alt="Ruanda - Localizzazione" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rwanda_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg/260px-Rwanda_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rwanda_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg/390px-Rwanda_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rwanda_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg/520px-Rwanda_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Ruanda - Localizzazione</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;">Dati amministrativi</th></tr><tr><th style="width:150px;">Nome completo</th><td>Repubblica del Ruanda </td></tr><tr><th>Nome ufficiale</th><td>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="kinyarwanda">RW</abbr></span>) <i>Repubulika y'u Rwanda</i><br />(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="swahili">SW</abbr></span>) <i>Jamhuri ya Rwanda</i><br />(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <i>République du Rwanda</i><br />(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <i>Republic of Rwanda</i> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Lingua_ufficiale" title="Lingua ufficiale">Lingue ufficiali</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_kinyarwanda" title="Lingua kinyarwanda">kinyarwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese">francese</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lingua_swahili" title="Lingua swahili">swahili</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Capitale_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Capitale (città)">Capitale</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;">Politica</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Forma_di_governo" title="Forma di governo">Forma di governo</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_presidenziale" title="Repubblica presidenziale">Repubblica presidenziale</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Presidenti_del_Ruanda" title="Presidenti del Ruanda">Presidente</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Primi_ministri_del_Ruanda" title="Primi ministri del Ruanda">Primo ministro</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Edouard_Ngirente" class="mw-redirect" title="Edouard Ngirente">Edouard Ngirente</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Indipendenza</th><td>Dal <a href="/wiki/Belgio" title="Belgio">Belgio</a><br />1º luglio 1962 </td></tr><tr><th>Ingresso nell'<a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_delle_Nazioni_Unite" title="Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite">ONU</a></th><td>18 settembre 1962 </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;">Superficie</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Totale</a></th><td>26 338 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stati_per_superficie" title="Stati per superficie">144º</a>) </td></tr><tr><th>% delle acque</th><td>5,3% </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;">Popolazione</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Popolazione" title="Popolazione">Totale</a></th><td>11 262 564 ab. <small>(2015)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Stati_per_popolazione" title="Stati per popolazione">76º</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_di_popolazione" title="Densità di popolazione">Densità</a></th><td>427,6 ab./<a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stati_per_densit%C3%A0_di_popolazione" title="Stati per densità di popolazione">29º</a>) </td></tr><tr><th>Tasso di crescita</th><td>2,751% (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Etnico_(onomastica)" title="Etnico (onomastica)">Nome degli abitanti</a></th><td>ruandesi, ruandezi e روانديين </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Continente" title="Continente">Continente</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Confini</th><td><a href="/wiki/Confine_tra_la_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo_e_il_Ruanda" title="Confine tra la Repubblica Democratica del Congo e il Ruanda">Repubblica Democratica del Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confine_tra_il_Ruanda_e_l%27Uganda" title="Confine tra il Ruanda e l'Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confine_tra_il_Ruanda_e_la_Tanzania" title="Confine tra il Ruanda e la Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confine_tra_il_Burundi_e_il_Ruanda" title="Confine tra il Burundi e il Ruanda">Burundi</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Fuso_orario" title="Fuso orario">Fuso orario</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;">Economia</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">Valuta</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Franco_ruandese" title="Franco ruandese">franco ruandese</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Prodotto_interno_lordo" title="Prodotto interno lordo">PIL</a> (nominale)</th><td>7 103<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> milioni di $ (2012) (<a href="/wiki/Stati_per_PIL_(nominale)" title="Stati per PIL (nominale)">143º</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Reddito_pro_capite" title="Reddito pro capite">PIL pro capite</a> (nominale)</th><td>732 $ (2015) (<a href="/wiki/Stati_per_PIL_(nominale)_pro_capite" title="Stati per PIL (nominale) pro capite">166º</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Prodotto_interno_lordo" title="Prodotto interno lordo">PIL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Teoria_della_parit%C3%A0_dei_poteri_di_acquisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria della parità dei poteri di acquisto">PPA</a>)</th><td>15 022 milioni di $ (2012) (<a href="/wiki/Stati_per_PIL_(PPA)" title="Stati per PIL (PPA)">137º</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Reddito_pro_capite" title="Reddito pro capite">PIL pro capite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parit%C3%A0_di_potere_d%27acquisto" title="Parità di potere d'acquisto">PPA</a>)</th><td>1 807 $ (2015) (<a href="/wiki/Stati_per_PIL_(PPA)_pro_capite" title="Stati per PIL (PPA) pro capite">166º</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Indice_di_sviluppo_umano" title="Indice di sviluppo umano">ISU</a> <small>(2016)</small></th><td>0,498 (basso) (<a href="/wiki/Stati_per_indice_di_sviluppo_umano" title="Stati per indice di sviluppo umano">159º</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Tasso_di_fecondit%C3%A0_totale" title="Tasso di fecondità totale">Fecondità</a></th><td>5,3 (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th>Consumo energetico</th><td>27 <a href="/wiki/Wattora" title="Wattora">kWh</a>/ab. anno </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;">Varie</th></tr><tr><th>Codici <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:RW" title="ISO 3166-2:RW">RW</a>, RWA, 646 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Dominio_di_primo_livello" title="Dominio di primo livello">TLD</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/.rw" title=".rw">.rw</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Prefissi_telefonici_internazionali" title="Prefissi telefonici internazionali">Prefisso tel.</a></th><td>+250 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sigle_automobilistiche_internazionali" title="Sigle automobilistiche internazionali">Sigla autom.</a></th><td>RWA </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Mano_da_tenere" title="Mano da tenere">Lato di guida</a></th><td>Destra (↓↑) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Inno_nazionale" title="Inno nazionale">Inno nazionale</a></th><td><i><a href="/wiki/Rwanda_nziza" title="Rwanda nziza">Rwanda nziza</a></i> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="139" data-mwtitle="Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg/Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English (en)" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Festa_nazionale" title="Festa nazionale">Festa nazionale</a></th><td>  </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruanda-Mappa.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruanda - Mappa"><img alt="Ruanda - Mappa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ruanda-Mappa.png/260px-Ruanda-Mappa.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Ruanda-Mappa.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Ruanda - Mappa</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;">Evoluzione storica</th></tr><tr><th>Stato precedente</th><td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rwanda_(January_%E2%80%93_September_1961).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Rwanda_%28January_%E2%80%93_September_1961%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%28January_%E2%80%93_September_1961%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Rwanda_%28January_%E2%80%93_September_1961%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%28January_%E2%80%93_September_1961%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Rwanda_%28January_%E2%80%93_September_1961%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%28January_%E2%80%93_September_1961%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Regno_del_Ruanda" title="Regno del Ruanda">Regno del Ruanda</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="sinottico_piede" style="background:#ABCDEF;">  </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037" class="extiw" title="d:Q1037"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Ruanda su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Stato/man" title="Template:Stato/man"><span title="Manuale del template Stato">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139486644">body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output #coordinates{font-size:85%;line-height:1.5em;white-space:nowrap}</style> <p>Il <b>Ruanda</b> (<small><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_fonetico_internazionale" title="Alfabeto fonetico internazionale">AFI</a></small>: <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA_per_l%27italiano" title="Aiuto:IPA per l'italiano"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/ruˈanda/</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_kinyarwanda" title="Lingua kinyarwanda">kinyarwanda</a>: <i>u Rwanda</i>; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_swahili" title="Lingua swahili">swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese">francese</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a>: <i>Rwanda</i>; in francese desueto anche <i>Rouanda</i>), ufficialmente <b>Repubblica del Ruanda</b>, è uno <a href="/wiki/Stato" title="Stato">Stato</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Africa_orientale" title="Africa orientale">Africa orientale</a>. Confina a <a href="/wiki/Ovest" title="Ovest">ovest</a> con la <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica Democratica del Congo">Repubblica Democratica del Congo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nord" title="Nord">nord</a> con l'<a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Est" title="Est">est</a> con la <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sud" title="Sud">sud</a> con il <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Stato_senza_sbocco_al_mare" title="Stato senza sbocco al mare">non ha sbocchi sul mare</a>. </p><p>Dal 1884 al 1919 fece parte dell'<a href="/wiki/Africa_Orientale_Tedesca" title="Africa Orientale Tedesca">Africa Orientale Tedesca</a>, colonia dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_tedesco" title="Impero tedesco">Impero tedesco</a>, per poi passare, al termine della <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_mondiale" title="Prima guerra mondiale">prima guerra mondiale</a>, al <a href="/wiki/Impero_coloniale_belga" title="Impero coloniale belga">Belgio</a>, da cui ottenne l'indipendenza nel 1962. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Regno_del_Ruanda" title="Regno del Ruanda">Regno del Ruanda</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il primo popolo a insediarsi in Ruanda fu quello dei <a href="/wiki/Twa" title="Twa">Twa</a>, un'etnia di <a href="/wiki/Caccia_e_raccolta" class="mw-redirect" title="Caccia e raccolta">cacciatori e raccoglitori</a>, abitatori delle foreste. Successivamente, nel primo millennio d.C., migrò in questo territorio la popolazione <a href="/wiki/Civilt%C3%A0_bantu" title="Civiltà bantu">bantu</a> degli <a href="/wiki/Hutu" title="Hutu">Hutu</a>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/XIV_secolo" title="XIV secolo">XIV secolo</a> arrivarono probabilmente dall'area etiope i <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">Tutsi</a>, un popolo allevatore di bestiame, che assoggettarono gli Hutu. Assunto il potere del territorio, lo divisero in staterelli e organizzarono una società a struttura piramidale, al cui vertice era il re. Per secoli le tre tribù ruandesi Hutu (85%), Tutsi e Twa condivisero la stessa cultura, lingua e religione. </p><p>Il Regno del Ruanda, governato dal clan Tutsi Nyighinya, divenne il regno dominante dalla metà del 18º secolo, espandendosi attraverso un processo di conquista e assimilazione, e raggiunse il suo apice durante il regno del re Kigeli Rwabugiri nel 1853–1895.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rwabugiri espanse il regno a ovest e verso nord, avviò riforme amministrative che causarono una spaccatura tra le popolazioni hutu e tutsi. Questi includevano uburetwa, un sistema di lavoro forzato che gli hutu dovevano eseguire per riottenere l'accesso alla terra che era stata loro confiscata, e ubuhake, in base al quale i capi tutsi cedevano il bestiame a clienti hutu o tutsi in cambio di servizi economici e personali.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_periodo_coloniale">Il periodo coloniale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Il periodo coloniale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Il periodo coloniale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durante il regno del <a href="/wiki/Mwami" class="mw-redirect" title="Mwami">Mwami</a> giunse alla corte il conte <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_von_G%C3%B6tzen" title="Gustav Adolf von Götzen">Gustav Adolf von Götzen</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> nel 1884 prese il controllo di quella regione, che divenne parte dell'<a href="/wiki/Africa_Orientale_Tedesca" title="Africa Orientale Tedesca">Africa Orientale Tedesca</a>, e che ebbe come primo governatore proprio von Götzen. </p><p>Scoppiata la <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_mondiale" title="Prima guerra mondiale">prima guerra mondiale</a>, nel 1916 durante la <a href="/wiki/Campagna_dell%27Africa_Orientale_Tedesca" title="Campagna dell'Africa Orientale Tedesca">campagna dell'Africa Orientale</a>, fu occupato dalle truppe del <a href="/wiki/Congo_belga" title="Congo belga">Congo belga</a>. </p><p>Nel 1919 la <a href="/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_delle_Nazioni" title="Società delle Nazioni">Società delle Nazioni</a> affidò questo territorio al <a href="/wiki/Belgio" title="Belgio">Belgio</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi" title="Ruanda-Urundi">amministrazione fiduciaria</a>. Il Belgio instaurò un rigido sistema coloniale di separazione razziale e sfruttamento. I belgi, concedendo alla minoranza <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">Tutsi</a> la supremazia sugli <a href="/wiki/Hutu" title="Hutu">Hutu</a>, alimentarono un profondo risentimento tra la maggioranza Hutu. </p><p>Nel 1957, in contemporanea con il movimento per l'indipendenza del <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica Democratica del Congo">Congo</a>, gli Hutu fondarono un partito, il <a href="/wiki/Parmehutu" title="Parmehutu">Parmehutu</a>, che si ribellò alla casta dominante. Nel 1959 i belgi cedettero il controllo del paese alla maggioranza Hutu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'indipendenza"><span id="L.27indipendenza"></span>L'indipendenza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione L'indipendenza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: L'indipendenza"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1962 il Ruanda ottenne formalmente l'indipendenza dal Belgio e divenne una repubblica sotto la presidenza di <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_Kayibanda" title="Grégoire Kayibanda">Grégoire Kayibanda</a>. Con l'indipendenza ebbe inizio da parte delle istituzioni hutu un lungo periodo di stragi e massacri contro i <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">Tutsi</a>. Centinaia di migliaia di Tutsi, ma anche di Hutu moderati, furono costretti all'esilio in Burundi. </p><p>Nel 1963 i Tutsi che si erano rifugiati in <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> tornarono in Ruanda per riprendere il potere, ma non ci riuscirono. Forte fu la tensione fra Ruanda e <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, e terminò quando anche il Burundi divenne una repubblica. </p><p>All'inizio degli anni settanta le tensioni fra le due etnie si acuirono. Nel 1973 il generale hutu <a href="/wiki/Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana" title="Juvénal Habyarimana">Juvénal Habyarimana</a> guidò un colpo di Stato. Il neopresidente fondò nel 1975 il <i>Movimento Rivoluzionario Nazionale per lo Sviluppo</i>. Nel 1978 fu approvata la nuova costituzione, secondo la quale ai Tutsi è consentito diventare capi villaggio o sindaci, ma non ministri. Il regime, tuttavia, cominciò a reprimere con la massima durezza ogni forma di dissidenza, anche da parte della maggioranza Hutu. Alla base del successivo conflitto in Ruanda ci sarà non solo un conflitto etnico, ma anche uno scontro tra dittatura e democrazia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 1988 alcuni rifugiati <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">Tutsi</a> diedero vita a un movimento di ribellione chiamato <a href="/wiki/Fronte_Patriottico_Ruandese" title="Fronte Patriottico Ruandese">Fronte Patriottico Ruandese</a>, rivendicando il potere sulla loro patria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_genocidio_del_1994">Il genocidio del 1994</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Il genocidio del 1994" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Il genocidio del 1994"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Genocidio_del_Ruanda" title="Genocidio del Ruanda">Genocidio del Ruanda</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nel 1990 dalla sua base in Uganda il <a href="/wiki/Fronte_Patriottico_Ruandese" title="Fronte Patriottico Ruandese">FPR</a> sferrò un'offensiva contro il governo ruandese, che fu fermata con l'aiuto militare francese e belga. Un periodo funesto di <a href="/wiki/Guerra_civile_in_Ruanda" title="Guerra civile in Ruanda">guerra civile</a> e massacri continuò fino al 1993, anno in cui le <a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_delle_Nazioni_Unite" title="Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite">Nazioni Unite</a> negoziarono un accordo che spartiva il potere tra le due parti. </p><p>Quando l'accordo era sul punto di essere firmato, l'aereo che trasportava il presidente ruandese a <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a> esplose in circostanze non chiare. Le tensioni fin lì più o meno latenti esplosero, e per preservare il potere la linea dura degli estremisti <a href="/wiki/Hutu" title="Hutu">Hutu</a> tra il 6 aprile e il mese di luglio del 1994 mise in atto quello che viene chiamato il "<a href="/wiki/Genocidio_del_Ruanda" title="Genocidio del Ruanda">genocidio del Ruanda</a>", dove venne massacrato un numero di persone di etnia <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">Tutsi</a> vicino al milione. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_vent'anni_seguenti"><span id="I_vent.27anni_seguenti"></span>I vent'anni seguenti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione I vent'anni seguenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: I vent'anni seguenti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dopo il genocidio subito dai Tutsi, comunque, il <a href="/wiki/Fronte_Patriottico_Ruandese" title="Fronte Patriottico Ruandese">Fronte Patriottico Ruandese</a> riuscì a conquistare il potere in Ruanda, costringendo oltre due milioni di ruandesi di etnia <a href="/wiki/Hutu" title="Hutu">Hutu</a> a fuggire nel confinante <a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a>, dove ottennero l'appoggio del presidente <a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu</a>. Alcuni rifugiati Hutu fondarono in Zaire delle armate, che svolgevano operazioni di guerriglia ai danni dei Tutsi. Il Ruanda, il Burundi e l'Uganda, anche per difendere la minoranza dei Tutsi congolesi <a href="/wiki/Banyamulenge" title="Banyamulenge">Banyamulenge</a>, che era perseguitata dai guerriglieri <a href="/wiki/Hutu" title="Hutu">Hutu</a> favorevoli a Mobutu, invasero lo <a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a> appoggiando <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_del_Congo" title="Prima guerra del Congo">la guerra di liberazione contro Mobutu</a> guidata da <a href="/wiki/Laurent-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Kabila" title="Laurent-Désiré Kabila">Laurent-Désiré Kabila</a>. </p><p>Nel 1997 Laurent Kabila ottenne la vittoria contro Mobutu, e divenne presidente della <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica Democratica del Congo">Repubblica Democratica del Congo</a>, ex <a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a>. In Ruanda furono avviati i primi processi per stabilire i responsabili del genocidio, ma dovettero subire rinvii a causa della mancanza di giudici. Un primo processo si concluse nel 1998; furono condannate ventidue persone considerate colpevoli di genocidio. </p><p>Nel luglio 1998, Laurent Kabila ingiunse agli eserciti di Ruanda e <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> di abbandonare il <a href="/wiki/Kivu" title="Kivu">Kivu</a>, la regione congolese abitata dai Tutsi <a href="/wiki/Banyamulenge" title="Banyamulenge">Banyamulenge</a>, ma al loro rifiuto cominciò la <a href="/wiki/Seconda_guerra_del_Congo" title="Seconda guerra del Congo">seconda guerra del Congo</a>, che vide il coinvolgimento di molti Stati africani. </p><p>Nell'aprile del 2000 il capo del <a href="/wiki/Fronte_Patriottico_Ruandese" title="Fronte Patriottico Ruandese">FPR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a>, è stato eletto <a href="/wiki/Presidenti_del_Ruanda" title="Presidenti del Ruanda">presidente della Repubblica</a>, e nel luglio del 2002 ha siglato un armistizio con la <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica Democratica del Congo">Repubblica Democratica del Congo</a>. Contemporaneamente, le truppe stanziate nella Repubblica Democratica del Congo sono rientrate in patria. Le tensioni sono ancora vive (ribelli hutu attivi <a href="/wiki/Conflitto_del_Kivu" title="Conflitto del Kivu">in territorio congolese</a>), ma esiste anche un serio desiderio di riappacificazione, come si è notato il 20 novembre 2002 in occasione di un concerto <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> che ha riunito venticinquemila persone di entrambe le etnie. </p><p>Nel 2003 le istituzioni politiche sono state modificate e approvate con il referendum del 26 maggio. Nel luglio dello stesso anno si sono tenute le elezioni presidenziali, che hanno riconfermato la carica a Kagame, e in settembre quelle legislative, che hanno visto il trionfo del <a href="/wiki/Fronte_Patriottico_Ruandese" title="Fronte Patriottico Ruandese">Fronte Patriottico Ruandese</a>. L'amministrazione statunitense ha considerato queste elezioni "un importante passo verso la riconciliazione e la democrazia", mentre altre organizzazioni, tra cui la <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica" title="Chiesa cattolica">Chiesa cattolica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, sono rimaste perplesse dei risultati. Kagame vinse con il 94,3% di voti favorevoli, mentre il suo "principale" avversario, <a href="/wiki/Faustin_Twagiramungu" title="Faustin Twagiramungu">Faustin Twagiramungu</a>, si fermò al 3,5% circa e contestò il risultato. Secondo le dichiarazioni di alcuni esponenti di Amnesty, il governo di Paul Kagame avrebbe sciolto già nel mese di aprile 2003 il partito principale di opposizione e obbligato la popolazione a iscriversi al FPR. Alcuni arrivarono a parlare persino di repressione politica.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La responsabilità delle istituzioni e di alcune nazioni occidentali, che non si mobilitarono per fermare il genocidio, è stata ricordata dal presidente Kagame nel corso delle celebrazioni per il decimo anniversario dei massacri, nell'aprile del 2004. </p><p>Nel frattempo, avanzano i processi dei colpevoli, condotti dal <i>Tribunale Penale Internazionale per il Ruanda</i> (TPIR), alcuni dei quali si sono conclusi solo in tempi recenti. Per esempio, quello del colonnello Aloys Simba, condannato, il 12 dicembre 2005 a 25 anni di carcere per genocidio e <a href="/wiki/Crimini_contro_l%27umanit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimini contro l'umanità">crimini contro l'umanità</a> e quello dell'ex sindaco della città di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gikoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gikoro (la pagina non esiste)">Gikoro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Bisengimana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Bisengimana (la pagina non esiste)">Paul Bisengimana</a>, arrestato in Mali cinque anni prima e condannato il 14 aprile 2006 a 15 anni di prigione. Nel settembre del 2005 il <i>Tribunale della comunità</i> (<i>gacaca</i>) ha concesso a 774 prigionieri di lavorare alla costruzione di strade come pena alternativa alla detenzione in carcere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anni_2010">Anni 2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Anni 2010" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Anni 2010"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-important.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voce da controllare"><img alt="Voce da controllare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/40px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/60px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/80px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento politica è ritenuta <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Voci_da_controllare" title="Aiuto:Voci da controllare">da controllare</a></b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"><b>Motivo</b>: <i>sebbene la voce sia aggiornata e ci sia qualche accenno alla persecuzione di giornalisti e alla mancanza di media indipendenti, non è comunque resa palese la trasfornazione del Paese in regime autoritario, non sono evidenziati i forti odori di brogli per le votazioni (in particolare sul referendum), manca il fatto che è diventato uno dei Paesi con meno libertà di parola di tutta l'Africa e che gli oppositori politici sono aspramente perseguitati <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.aei.org/economics/rwanda-how-long-can-a-dictators-malign-acts-go-unpunished-by-an-uncritical-media/">[3]</a></i> <div class="noprint"><hr />Partecipa alla <a href="/wiki/Discussione:Ruanda" title="Discussione:Ruanda">discussione</a> e/o <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit">correggi</a> la voce. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Politica" title="Progetto:Politica">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Nell'agosto 2010 si sono svolte le elezioni presidenziali, il cui vincitore è stato il presidente uscente <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a>, con il 93% dei consensi elettorali.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il clima pre-elettorale è stato molto teso, e le elezioni sono state considerate non democratiche e prive di trasparenza, in quanto gli avversari politici di Kagame (Victoire Ingabire, Bernard Ntaganda e Frank Habineza) non hanno potuto correre per le presidenziali. Tra questi, Victoire Ingabire ha chiesto alla comunità internazionale di annullare l'esito di queste elezioni. Attualmente non esistono <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass media">mass media</a> indipendenti, in quanto i tre più importanti giornali - <i>Umuseso</i>, <i>Umuvugizi</i> e <i>Umurabyo</i> - sono stati chiusi. Inoltre, alcuni giornalisti sono stati uccisi. </p><p>Alle elezioni presidenziali del 2017 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a> è risultato nuovamente vincitore con oltre il 98% dei voti. </p><p>Nelle ultime votazioni, svoltasi in un clima fortemente antidemocratico, Paul Kagame è risultato vincitore con il 99,15% dei voti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territorio">Territorio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Territorio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Territorio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Geografia_del_Ruanda" title="Geografia del Ruanda">Geografia del Ruanda</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rwanda_sat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rwanda_sat.png/220px-Rwanda_sat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Rwanda_sat.png 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Il Ruanda dal satellite</figcaption></figure> <p>Il territorio è prevalentemente montuoso (l'<a href="/wiki/Altitudine" title="Altitudine">altitudine</a> media è di 1 700 m <a href="/wiki/S.l.m." class="mw-redirect" title="S.l.m.">s.l.m.</a>). I rilievi si sono sviluppati nell'<a href="/wiki/Cenozoico" title="Cenozoico">era cenozoica</a>, con la formazione della <a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley" title="Rift Valley">Rift Valley</a> africana. La principale catena è quella dei <a href="/wiki/Monti_Virunga" title="Monti Virunga">monti Virunga</a> (altezza media 2 700 m), situati nel nordovest del Paese, a cui appartiene la vetta più alta (<a href="/wiki/Karisimbi" title="Karisimbi">Karisimbi</a>, 4 507 m); nella catena sono presenti diversi <a href="/wiki/Vulcano_(geologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcano (geologia)">vulcani</a> attivi. La catena fa da <a href="/wiki/Spartiacque_Nilo-Congo" title="Spartiacque Nilo-Congo">spartiacque</a> fra i bacini dei due maggiori fiumi dell'area, il <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Nilo</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Congo_(fiume)" title="Congo (fiume)">Congo</a>. La zona più pianeggiante è quella orientale, caratterizzata da numerosi <a href="/wiki/Lago" title="Lago">laghi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Palude" title="Palude">acquitrini paludosi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idrografia">Idrografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Idrografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Idrografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il Ruanda è attraversato da numerosi fiumi a carattere stagionale, la cui portata d'acqua dipende dalle piogge. Il più importante è il <a href="/wiki/Kagera_(fiume)" title="Kagera (fiume)">Kagera</a>, che lambisce i confini orientali del Paese e da cui ha origine il <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Nilo</a>. A ovest scorrono il <a href="/wiki/Ruzizi" title="Ruzizi">Ruzizi</a>, che sfocia nel <a href="/wiki/Lago_Tanganica" title="Lago Tanganica">lago Tanganica</a>, e il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luguka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luguka (la pagina non esiste)">Luguka</a>, un affluente del <a href="/wiki/Congo_(fiume)" title="Congo (fiume)">fiume Congo</a>. Il lago più esteso è il <a href="/wiki/Lago_Kivu" title="Lago Kivu">Kivu</a> (2 650 km², 1 459 m <a href="/wiki/S.l.m." class="mw-redirect" title="S.l.m.">s.l.m.</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clima">Clima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Clima"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il Ruanda si trova nella fascia <a href="/wiki/Equatore" title="Equatore">equatoriale</a>, ma, grazie alla sua altitudine, presenta un <a href="/wiki/Clima_temperato" class="mw-redirect" title="Clima temperato">clima temperato</a>, considerato fra i più salubri dell'intero continente africano. La temperatura media è di 20 °C. Le precipitazioni non sono molto abbondanti (fra i 1000 e i 1400 mm annui, con valori maggiori sui Virunga) e sono concentrate in due <a href="/wiki/Stagione_delle_piogge" title="Stagione delle piogge">stagioni delle piogge</a> (marzo-maggio e ottobre-dicembre). Occasionalmente il Paese viene colpito da periodi di <a href="/wiki/Siccit%C3%A0" title="Siccità">siccità</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popolazione">Popolazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Popolazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Popolazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Demografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Demografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rwanda-demography.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rwanda-demography.svg/220px-Rwanda-demography.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rwanda-demography.svg/330px-Rwanda-demography.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rwanda-demography.svg/440px-Rwanda-demography.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Andamento della popolazione del Ruanda dal 1950 al 2020</figcaption></figure> <p>Ci sono 11 609 666 abitanti in Ruanda (stima 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La densità di popolazione è tra le più elevate del continente africano a causa della salubrità del clima. Le zone maggiormente urbanizzate sono le alte terre vicino alla catena montuosa occidentale, dove la densità di popolazione raggiunge i 350 ab./km², e le regioni vicine al lago Kivu. Benché modificata dal <a href="/wiki/Genocidio_ruandese" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocidio ruandese">genocidio del 1994</a>, la dinamica demografica è in aumento. </p><p>Gli insediamenti sono costituiti da villaggi di capanne, diffusi soprattutto nelle regioni più elevate dell'altopiano. L'unico centro che ha la struttura di una vera e propria città è la capitale <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nyanza" title="Nyanza">Nyanza</a> e <a href="/wiki/Butare" title="Butare">Butare</a> sono altri villaggi importanti per l'economia e per la burocrazia. La popolazione urbana raggiunge il 16,7% (2002). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etnie">Etnie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Etnie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Etnie"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia">gruppo etnico</a> più diffuso è quello degli <a href="/wiki/Hutu" title="Hutu">Hutu</a> (84%), cui seguono i <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">Tutsi</a> (15%, erano il 20% prima del genocidio) e i <a href="/wiki/Twa" title="Twa">Twa</a> (1%). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religione">Religione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Religione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Religione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Religioni_in_Ruanda" title="Religioni in Ruanda">Religioni in Ruanda</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>I ruandesi sono in maggioranza cristiani. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lingue">Lingue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Lingue" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Lingue"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le lingue ufficiali della Repubblica sono il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_kinyarwanda" title="Lingua kinyarwanda">kinyarwanda</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Lingua_swahili" title="Lingua swahili">swahili</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese">francese</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">l'inglese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LU_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LU-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ciononostante, dopo il <a href="/wiki/Genocidio_del_Ruanda" title="Genocidio del Ruanda">Genocidio del Ruanda</a> del 1994, la complicazione dei rapporti con la Francia, l'intensificarsi dei rapporti con gli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti d'America</a> e il ritorno di molti <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">esuli tutsi</a> dall'<a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> (anglofono) ha permesso che l'uso dell'inglese continuasse a diffondersi tra la popolazione e nelle amministrazioni, tanto che alla fine del 2008 il governo ha annunciato il passaggio dal francese all'inglese come lingua ufficiale dell'intero sistema scolastico e universitario.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordinamento_dello_stato">Ordinamento dello stato</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Ordinamento dello stato" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ordinamento dello stato"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suddivisione_amministrativa">Suddivisione amministrativa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Suddivisione amministrativa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Suddivisione amministrativa"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Province_del_Ruanda" title="Province del Ruanda">Province del Ruanda</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Distretti_del_Ruanda" title="Distretti del Ruanda">Distretti del Ruanda</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Settori_del_Ruanda" title="Settori del Ruanda">Settori del Ruanda</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rw-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rw-map.png/220px-Rw-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Rw-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Cartina del Ruanda</figcaption></figure> <p>In seguito all'entrata in vigore della nuova organizzazione amministrativa (2006) il Ruanda è oggi diviso in cinque <a href="/wiki/Province_del_Ruanda" title="Province del Ruanda">province</a> (<i>intara</i>), ulteriormente suddivise in 30 <a href="/wiki/Distretti_del_Ruanda" title="Distretti del Ruanda">distretti</a>, i quali comprendono a loro volta 416 <a href="/wiki/Settori_del_Ruanda" title="Settori del Ruanda">settori</a>. </p><p>Le province sono: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Settentrionale_(Ruanda)" title="Provincia Settentrionale (Ruanda)">Provincia Settentrionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Orientale_(Ruanda)" title="Provincia Orientale (Ruanda)">Provincia Orientale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Meridionale_(Ruanda)" title="Provincia Meridionale (Ruanda)">Provincia Meridionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Occidentale_(Ruanda)" title="Provincia Occidentale (Ruanda)">Provincia Occidentale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Kigali" title="Provincia di Kigali">Provincia di Kigali</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Istituzioni">Istituzioni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Istituzioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Istituzioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139255918">.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#fbfbfb;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:0 2px 0 3px;margin:5px 10%;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini>div:first-of-type{margin:2px 2px 2px 0}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini .mw-collapsible-content{padding:2px 0 0 7px}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-informazioni{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-contenuto{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-stile{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-statico{border-left:10px solid limegreen}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-struttura{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-generico{border-left:10px solid #bba}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini{border:none;margin-bottom:1px;padding:inherit}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini .mbox-text-div{font-style:normal}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini>div{padding:8px 8px 8px 32px!important;position:relative}</style><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento stati è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Istruzione">Istruzione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Istruzione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Istruzione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Università"><span id="Universit.C3.A0"></span>Università</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifica la sezione Università" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Università"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Principale università statale del paese l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Nazionale_del_Ruanda" title="Università Nazionale del Ruanda">Università Nazionale del Ruanda</a> è stata istituita nel 1963. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistema_giuridico">Sistema giuridico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifica la sezione Sistema giuridico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Sistema giuridico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il diritto ruandese è in gran parte ispirato al modello <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">tedesco</a> e a quello <a href="/wiki/Belgio" title="Belgio">belga</a>. Nel 2007 è stata abolita la pena di morte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diritti_umani">Diritti umani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifica la sezione Diritti umani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Diritti umani"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Diritti_LGBT_in_Ruanda" title="Diritti LGBT in Ruanda">Diritti LGBT in Ruanda</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politica">Politica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifica la sezione Politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Politica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il Ruanda è membro dell'<a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_delle_Nazioni_Unite" title="Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite">ONU</a>, dell'<a href="/wiki/Unione_Africana" class="mw-redirect" title="Unione Africana">Unione Africana</a>, del <a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_Mondiale_del_Commercio" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio">WTO</a> e dal 2009 del <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_delle_nazioni" title="Commonwealth delle nazioni">Commonwealth delle nazioni</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sistema_politico">Sistema politico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifica la sezione Sistema politico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Sistema politico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il Ruanda è una <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_presidenziale" title="Repubblica presidenziale">repubblica presidenziale</a> a <a href="/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento">parlamento</a> bicamerale; il Presidente, eletto a <a href="/wiki/Suffragio_universale" title="Suffragio universale">suffragio universale</a> diretto, resta in carica per sette anni. Il Presidente attuale è <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a>, del <a href="/wiki/Fronte_Patriottico_Ruandese" title="Fronte Patriottico Ruandese">Fronte Patriottico Ruandese</a>. Il Primo Ministro è <a href="/wiki/Edouard_Ngirente" class="mw-redirect" title="Edouard Ngirente">Edouard Ngirente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indipendente_(politica)" title="Indipendente (politica)">indipendente</a>. Il <a href="/wiki/Potere_legislativo" title="Potere legislativo">potere legislativo</a> è affidato alla Camera dei Rappresentanti (80 membri, di cui 24 donne) e al Senato (26 membri, di cui 12 scelti mediante elezione). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifica la sezione Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Economia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il Ruanda è uno tra gli Stati più poveri del mondo: ha un <a href="/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Poverty Index">indice di povertà</a> HPI-1 del 44,5%. Le cause della debolezza economica si trovano nella distanza dal mare, nella dipendenza economica dall'esportazione di tè e caffè e nella precaria situazione politica. Lo Stato ruandese, nonostante i recenti tentativi di incentivare l'economia migliorando le infrastrutture locali, dipende ancora molto dai <b>finanziamenti esteri</b> di Paesi dell'<a href="/wiki/Unione_europea" title="Unione europea">Unione europea</a> (soprattutto del <a href="/wiki/Belgio" title="Belgio">Belgio</a>) e di enti come la <a href="/wiki/Banca_africana_di_sviluppo" title="Banca africana di sviluppo">Banca africana di sviluppo</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_delle_Nazioni_Unite" title="Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite">ONU</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Banca_Mondiale" title="Banca Mondiale">Banca Mondiale</a>. Nell'anno 2001 ha ricevuto 291 milioni di dollari come aiuti dai Paesi esteri che, comunque, non bastano a colmare il <b><a href="/wiki/Debito_estero" title="Debito estero">debito estero</a></b>, che nel 2001 ammontava a 1316 miliardi di dollari. Il <b><a href="/wiki/PIL" class="mw-redirect" title="PIL">PIL</a></b> a <a href="/wiki/Teoria_della_parit%C3%A0_dei_poteri_di_acquisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria della parità dei poteri di acquisto">parità di potere d'acquisto</a> (PPA) nel 2012 era di 15 milioni di dollari; il PIL pro capite PPA ammontava a 1 441 dollari<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">valuta</a> locale è il <i>franco del Ruanda</i> (RWF), la cui unità è divisa in 100 centesimi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settore_primario">Settore primario</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifica la sezione Settore primario" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Settore primario"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La base economica del Paese è costituita dall'<b><a href="/wiki/Agricoltura" title="Agricoltura">agricoltura</a> di piantagione</b>, che occupa la maggior parte della <a href="/wiki/Popolazione_attiva" title="Popolazione attiva">forza lavoro</a> e che è stata introdotta in epoca coloniale prima dai tedeschi e poi dai belgi. Attualmente è oggetto dei piani governativi di sviluppo, finanziati con gli aiuti esteri, che hanno come obiettivi: </p> <ul><li>l'aumento della produttività;</li> <li>l'estensione della superficie coltivabile (che comunque rimane esigua rispetto alla popolazione);</li> <li>l'intensificazione dei rapporti commerciali.</li></ul> <p>Il settore ha uno sviluppo molto lento a causa dell'arretratezza delle strutture. Le produzioni sono insufficienti al fabbisogno della popolazione e sembra che ciò sia destinato a peggiorare, data la scoperta di processi di <a href="/wiki/Erosione" title="Erosione">erosione</a> causati dallo sfruttamento intensivo del suolo. Sono coltivati per il mercato interno la <a href="/wiki/Batata" class="mw-redirect" title="Batata">batata</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Manioca" class="mw-redirect" title="Manioca">manioca</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum">patata</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Sorghum_vulgare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorghum vulgare">sorgo</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Mais" class="mw-redirect" title="Mais">mais</a> e prodotti agricoli come i <a href="/wiki/Legumi" title="Legumi">legumi</a>. Sono coltivati per l'esportazione il <a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8" title="Caffè">caffè</a>, il <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8" title="Tè">tè</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Piretro" title="Piretro">piretro</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Tabacco" title="Tabacco">tabacco</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Arachis_hypogaea" title="Arachis hypogaea">arachidi</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Soia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soia">soia</a> e altre piante per l'estrazione di oli. La coltivazione del riso e della canna da zucchero ha dato risultati insoddisfacenti. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Bosco" title="Bosco">boschi</a> e le <a href="/wiki/Foresta" title="Foresta">foreste</a> sono poco sfruttati e coprono il 21% del territorio. Il legname è usato solo come combustibile. </p><p>L'<b><a href="/wiki/Allevamento" title="Allevamento">allevamento</a></b> è favorito dai vasti spazi a <a href="/wiki/Prateria" title="Prateria">prateria</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Savana" title="Savana">savana</a>, da un adeguato livello di precipitazioni e da una limitata diffusione delle mosche tse-tse. Esso è tuttavia limitato dalla mancanza di spazi, di acqua, di mangimi di qualità e di servizi veterinari adeguati a fronteggiare le cicliche epidemie. Sebbene l'allevamento sia condotto con metodi arretrati, soddisfa le richieste interne. Sono allevati soprattutto <a href="/wiki/Bovini" title="Bovini">bovini</a> e <a href="/wiki/Caprini" class="mw-redirect" title="Caprini">caprini</a>, specialmente per il latte. </p><p>La <b><a href="/wiki/Pesca_commerciale" title="Pesca commerciale">pesca</a></b> è un'attività di modesta importanza, praticata soprattutto nel lago Kivu, ma limitata dal depauperamento dei banchi di pesci. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settore_secondario">Settore secondario</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifica la sezione Settore secondario" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Settore secondario"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <b><a href="/wiki/Industria_mineraria" title="Industria mineraria">settore estrattivo</a></b> è in sviluppo sin dal periodo della dominazione belga e riguarda la <a href="/wiki/Cassiterite" title="Cassiterite">cassiterite</a> (da cui si estrae poi lo <a href="/wiki/Stagno_(elemento_chimico)" title="Stagno (elemento chimico)">stagno</a>), il <a href="/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno">tungsteno</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Columbite" title="Columbite">columbite</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Tantalite" class="mw-disambig" title="Tantalite">tantalite</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Oro" title="Oro">oro</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Berillio" title="Berillio">berillio</a> e il <b><a href="/wiki/Gas_naturale" title="Gas naturale">gas naturale</a></b>. Quest'ultimo si trova in particolare sotto il lago Kivu, in una delle riserve considerate più consistenti del pianeta (28,3 miliardi di metri cubi), ma l'estrazione è ostacolata dalla carenza di denaro. </p><p>Il <b><a href="/wiki/Metallurgia" title="Metallurgia">settore metallurgico</a></b> ha visto nel 1982 la creazione del primo impianto destinato alla produzione di stagno. Altre forme di <a href="/wiki/Industria" title="Industria">industria</a> prevedono piccoli stabilimenti per la trasformazione di prodotti agricoli, per la produzione di cemento e per la manifattura del tabacco. </p><p>Il Ruanda è autosufficiente dal punto di vista energetico, poiché l'energia elettrica è fornita da <a href="/wiki/Centrale_elettrica#Centrali_idroelettriche" title="Centrale elettrica">centrali idroelettriche</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trasporti">Trasporti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifica la sezione Trasporti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Trasporti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il commercio è ostacolato dall'insufficiente sistema di comunicazioni. Le ferrovie sono inadeguate a causa anche della conformazione morfologica del territorio; le arterie stradali sono poche, partono dalla capitale Kigali e raggiungono i confini con l'Uganda e il Burundi. Il Ruanda intraprende comunicazioni marittime con la Repubblica Democratica del Congo attraverso il lago Kivu. Per collegarsi all'<a href="/wiki/Oceano_Indiano" title="Oceano Indiano">oceano Indiano</a>, invece, i ruandesi devono attraversare l'Uganda e giungere a <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>. Le comunicazioni aeree sono garantite dalla compagnia di bandiera, <i><a href="/wiki/RwandAir" title="RwandAir">RwandAir</a></i> e dai due aeroporti di Kigali e Kamembe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercio">Commercio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifica la sezione Commercio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Commercio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <b>commercio interno</b> è poco sviluppato a causa della povertà della popolazione. </p><p>I <b>commerci con l'estero</b> sono più vivaci: le importazioni (soprattutto di macchinari, veicoli, combustibili, prodotti alimentari e manufatti vari; dal Kenya e dall'Unione europea) superano le esportazioni (caffè, piretro, tè, pelli, cuoi, cassiterite, tungsteno). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecomunicazioni">Telecomunicazioni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modifica la sezione Telecomunicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Telecomunicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scarsa è la diffusione delle tecnologie delle <a href="/wiki/Telecomunicazione" title="Telecomunicazione">telecomunicazioni</a>. Ogni mille abitanti si contano in media 2,8 telefoni, 13,6 cellulari, 76 radio e 0,1 <a href="/wiki/Host" title="Host">Internet host</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Situazione_sanitaria">Situazione sanitaria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modifica la sezione Situazione sanitaria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Situazione sanitaria"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La popolazione è difesa naturalmente da alcune malattie epidemiche (ad esempio la <a href="/wiki/Tripanosomiasi_africana" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripanosomiasi africana">malattia del sonno</a>) grazie al clima del luogo. Ciò ha contribuito sia alla salute umana sia a quella del bestiame. Tuttavia sussistono altri problemi sanitari: </p> <ul><li>la bassa <b><a href="/wiki/Speranza_di_vita_alla_nascita" class="mw-redirect" title="Speranza di vita alla nascita">speranza di vita alla nascita</a></b>: 66.9 maschile, 71.2 femminile (fonte OMS 2020)</li> <li>l'elevata <b><a href="/wiki/Mortalit%C3%A0_infantile" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortalità infantile">mortalità infantile</a></b> (10,36%, in calo negli ultimi anni);</li> <li>la <b>scarsità d'acqua</b> (nel 2000, il 41% della popolazione non aveva accesso all'acqua potabile);</li> <li>la diffusione di malattie quali la <b><a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a></b> (6 500 casi ogni centomila abitanti) e l'<a href="/wiki/AIDS" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> (il 6,3% della popolazione ne è ammalato).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambiente">Ambiente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modifica la sezione Ambiente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Ambiente"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A causa dell'intenso sfruttamento <a href="/wiki/Agricoltura" title="Agricoltura">agricolo</a>, favorito dalla <a href="/wiki/Fertilit%C3%A0" title="Fertilità">fertilità</a> del terreno vulcanico e dall'alta densità di popolazione, la flora e l'ambiente naturali del Ruanda sono stati soppiantati in gran parte del Paese da parte di insediamenti abitativi e zone coltivate. La <a href="/wiki/Guerra_civile" title="Guerra civile">guerra civile</a> e i conseguenti spostamenti di sfollati hanno contribuito a danneggiare le aree precedentemente dichiarate protette. Rimangono comunque aree di <a href="/wiki/Savana" title="Savana">savana</a> erbacea, più rappresentate nella zona orientale ove prevale il <a href="/wiki/Palude" title="Palude">paesaggio paludoso</a> con boschi di <a href="/wiki/Cyperus_papyrus" title="Cyperus papyrus">papiri</a>. Nel nord del paese, sui versanti dei monti Virunga si trovano <a href="/wiki/Foresta_equatoriale" class="mw-redirect" title="Foresta equatoriale">foreste pluviali</a> con <a href="/wiki/Eucalipto" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucalipto">eucalipti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">palme</a>. </p><p>Il 14% circa del territorio fa parte dei due maggiori <a href="/wiki/Aree_naturali_protette" class="mw-redirect" title="Aree naturali protette">parchi nazionali</a> del Paese, il più importante dei quali è il <a href="/wiki/Parco_nazionale_dell%27Akagera" title="Parco nazionale dell'Akagera">parco nazionale dell'Akagera</a>, al confine con la <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, di elevata importanza faunistica (vi si trovano tra l'altro <a href="/wiki/Elephantidae" title="Elephantidae">elefanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_amphibius" title="Hippopotamus amphibius">ippopotami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crocodylia" title="Crocodylia">coccodrilli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panthera_pardus" title="Panthera pardus">leopardi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antilope" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilope">antilopi</a>). Presso i Monti Virunga si trovano ancora i rarissimi <a href="/wiki/Gorilla_beringei_beringei" title="Gorilla beringei beringei">gorilla di montagna</a>, a rischio d'estinzione. Altra area di notevole interesse naturalistico e ambientale è quella della foresta equatoriale di Niungwe posta nel sud del Paese, al confine con il Burundi, a sud, e col lago Kivu e la Repubblica Democratica del Congo a ovest. La foresta pluviale di Niungwe è probabilmente la foresta equatoriale di montagna meglio conservata di tutta l'Africa centrale. È posta a spartiacque tra il bacino fluviale del fiume Congo, a ovest, e quello del fiume Nilo a est. Dal versante est della foresta di Niungwe scaturisce, inoltre, uno dei rami sorgenti del Nilo. La foresta, che raggiunge l'altitudine massima di circa 3 000 metri sul livello del mare presenta un particolare interesse faunistico per la presenza di nutrite colonie di scimpanzé (<a href="/wiki/Pan_troglodytes" title="Pan troglodytes">Pan troglodytes</a> - Blumenbach, 1775) e di Colobi dell'Angola (Colobus angolensis - Sclater, 1860), questi ultimi ormai estinti in Angola per l'intensa caccia alla quale sono stati sottoposti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modifica la sezione Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Cultura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patrimoni_dell'umanità"><span id="Patrimoni_dell.27umanit.C3.A0"></span>Patrimoni dell'umanità</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modifica la sezione Patrimoni dell'umanità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Patrimoni dell'umanità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Patrimoni_dell%27umanit%C3%A0_del_Ruanda" title="Patrimoni dell'umanità del Ruanda">Patrimoni dell'umanità del Ruanda</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Alcuni siti del Ruanda sono stati iscritti nella <a href="/wiki/Lista_dei_patrimoni_dell%27umanit%C3%A0" title="Lista dei patrimoni dell'umanità">Lista dei patrimoni dell'umanità</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letteratura">Letteratura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modifica la sezione Letteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Letteratura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un aspetto culturale tipico riguarda anche la letteratura del Ruanda.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tra gli scrittori possiamo ricordare <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Gatore" title="Gilbert Gatore">Gilbert Gatore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Mujawayo" title="Esther Mujawayo">Esther Mujawayo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Scholastique_Mukasonga" title="Scholastique Mukasonga">Scholastique Mukasonga</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musica">Musica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Modifica la sezione Musica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Musica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Musica_del_Ruanda" title="Musica del Ruanda">Musica del Ruanda</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Modifica la sezione Cinema" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Cinema"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In ambito cinematografico possiamo ricordare <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Ndahayo" title="Gilbert Ndahayo">Gilbert Ndahayo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ruhorahoza" title="Kivu Ruhorahoza">Kivu Ruhorahoza</a> e <a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand_Niyongabo" title="Yves Montand Niyongabo">Yves Montand Niyongabo</a>, il cui cortometraggio del 2010 <a href="/wiki/Maibobo" title="Maibobo">Maibobo</a> ha ottenuto il Premio CUMSE al <a href="/wiki/Festival_del_cinema_africano,_d%27Asia_e_America_Latina_di_Milano_2010" title="Festival del cinema africano, d'Asia e America Latina di Milano 2010">Festival del cinema africano, d'Asia e America Latina di Milano 2010</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruanda_nello_spazio">Ruanda nello spazio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Modifica la sezione Ruanda nello spazio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Ruanda nello spazio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>24 settembre 2019; viene lanciato <a href="/wiki/RWASAT-1" title="RWASAT-1">RWASAT-1</a>, il primo satellite ruandese lanciato nello spazio<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Modifica la sezione Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Nazionale_di_calcio_del_Ruanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazionale di calcio del Ruanda">Nazionale di calcio del Ruanda</a> ha vinto la <a href="/wiki/Coppa_CECAFA" title="Coppa CECAFA">Coppa CECAFA</a> nel 1999. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tradizioni">Tradizioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Modifica la sezione Tradizioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Tradizioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bandiera">Bandiera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Modifica la sezione Bandiera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Bandiera"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Bandiera_del_Ruanda" title="Bandiera del Ruanda">Bandiera del Ruanda</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rwanda_(1961%E2%80%932001).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Vecchia bandiera del Ruanda</figcaption></figure> <p>La prima <a href="/wiki/Bandiera_del_Ruanda" title="Bandiera del Ruanda">bandiera del Ruanda</a>, adottata nel 1962, era divisa in tre fasce verticali dei tre <a href="/wiki/Colori_panafricani" title="Colori panafricani">colori panafricani</a> (rosso, giallo e verde), con al centro una lettera R nera che la distingueva dalla <a href="/wiki/Bandiera_della_Guinea" title="Bandiera della Guinea">bandiera della Guinea</a>. La nuova bandiera, adottata nel 2001, presenta tre bande orizzontali di colore azzurro, giallo e verde (rispettivamente simbolo della <a href="/wiki/Pace" title="Pace">pace</a>, della crescita economica e della prosperità), con un sole giallo a 24 raggi posto a destra nella fascia azzurra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomia">Gastronomia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Modifica la sezione Gastronomia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section's source code: Gastronomia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Cucina_ruandese" title="Cucina ruandese">Cucina ruandese</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>La gastronomia ruandese è una delle più ricche della sua zona; fondamentali sono i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imiteja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imiteja (la pagina non esiste)">Imiteja</a> (piselli) i quali sono la base di molti piatti locali, insieme alla soia e al riso (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Umuceri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umuceri (la pagina non esiste)">Umuceri</a>). Durante la <a href="/wiki/Colazione" title="Colazione">colazione</a> o il pasto del mattino è abitudine mangiare <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikijumba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikijumba (la pagina non esiste)">Ikijumba</a> (patata dolce) con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikivuguto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikivuguto (la pagina non esiste)">Ikivuguto</a> (latte condensato). La radici di <a href="/wiki/Cassava" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassava">cassava</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manihot_esculenta" title="Manihot esculenta">Manihot esculenta</a>) sono la base di molte ricette; può essere mangiata come verdura, oppure con altre spezie può formare il classico <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isombe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isombe (la pagina non esiste)">Isombe</a>, con cassava e farina si forma invece l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubugali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubugali (la pagina non esiste)">Ubugali</a>, ogni paese africano ha il suo "ubugali" differente; le persone mangiano l'ubugali con tutto (carne, piselli, isombe, ecc.). L'ubugali può essere fatto anche con il <a href="/wiki/Sorgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorgo">sorgo</a> (pianta molto importante in quest'area), dove è chiamato <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amasaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amasaka (la pagina non esiste)">Amasaka</a>; l'amasaka è utilizzato anche per la preparazione del vino locale. Un altro ingrediente base della cucina ruandese è la <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a>, chiamata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibitoki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibitoki (la pagina non esiste)">Ibitoki</a>, solitamente viene cucinata insieme alle noci; la banana è utilizzata anche per la produzione di "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Urwagwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urwagwa (la pagina non esiste)">Urwagwa</a>", una bevanda alcolica chiamata appunto "birra di banana". L'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubuki (la pagina non esiste)">Ubuki</a> (miele ruandese) è tra i più pregiati e famosi dell'Africa; non solo è utilizzato per la preparazione dell'Urwagwa, ma anche come medicina tradizionale per la cura di numerose malattie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ricorrenze_nazionali">Ricorrenze nazionali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Modifica la sezione Ricorrenze nazionali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section's source code: Ricorrenze nazionali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#DEF"> <th>Data </th> <th>Nome </th> <th>Significato </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f0f8ff;">7 aprile </td> <td style="background: #f0f8ff;">Giorno del Ricordo </td> <td style="background: #f0f8ff;">Commemorazione del <a href="/wiki/Genocidio_del_Ruanda" title="Genocidio del Ruanda">genocidio del Ruanda</a>, del 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f0f8ff;">1º luglio </td> <td style="background: #f0f8ff;">Giorno dell'Indipendenza o umunsi w'ubwigenge </td> <td style="background: #f0f8ff;">Festa nazionale: celebra l'indipendenza dal Belgio, nel 1962 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625150251/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2002.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Population growth rate</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">CIA World Factbook</span>. <small>URL consultato il 28 febbraio 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2002.html">url originale</abbr> il 25 giugno 2014)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/02/weodata/index.aspx">Dati dal Fondo Monetario Internazionale, ottobre 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN/countries"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tasso di fertilità nel 2011</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">data.worldbank.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 febbraio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Canepari" title="Luciano Canepari">Luciano Canepari</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dipionline.it/dizionario/ricerca?lemma=Ruanda"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ruanda</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Dizionario_di_pronuncia_italiana" title="Dizionario di pronuncia italiana">Il DiPI: dizionario di pronuncia italiana</a></span>, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1999, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-08-09344-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-08-09344-1">88-08-09344-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmood_Mamdani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmood Mamdani (la pagina non esiste)">Mahmood Mamdani</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QUEamxb89JcC"><span style="font-style:italic;">When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda</span></a>, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2002, p. 69, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-691-10280-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-691-10280-1">978-0-691-10280-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Johan Pottier, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iRz_QzoVdJcC"><span style="font-style:italic;">Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century</span></a>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 13, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-5215-2873-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-5215-2873-3">978-0-5215-2873-3</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gérard Prunier, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide</span></a>, 2nd, Kampala, Fountain Publishers Limited, 1999, p. 13-14, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-9970-02-089-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-9970-02-089-8">978-9970-02-089-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Ryszard Kapuścinski, <span style="font-style:italic;">Ebano</span>, Milano, Feltrinelli, 2000.</cite>pp. 151-152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130415160330/http://it.radiovaticana.va/storico/2003/08/28/ombre_sul_le_elezioni_presidenziali_svoltesi_in_rwanda/it1-928"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ombre sul le elezioni presidenziali svoltesi in Rwanda</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Vaticana" title="Radio Vaticana">Radio Vaticana</a></span>, 28 agosto 2003. <small>URL consultato il 10 novembre 2022</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.oecumene.radiovaticana.org/IT1/Articolo.asp?c=928">url originale</abbr> il 15 aprile 2013)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">I dati come riportati da <a href="/wiki/Rai_News_24" title="Rai News 24">Rai News 24</a> al termine degli scrutini (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.rainews24.rai.it/Notizia.asp?NewsID=40482">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050415191824/http://www.rainews24.rai.it/Notizia.asp?NewsID=40482">Archiviato</a> il 15 aprile 2005 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">La notizia della rielezione di Kagame (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/topnews/2010/08/11/visualizza_new.html_1879921932.html">[2]</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2015&locations=RW&start=2015"><span style="font-style:italic;">Population, total | Data</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">data.worldbank.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 14 maggio 2017</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LU-13"><a href="#cite_ref-LU_13-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200521080512/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Rwanda</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. <small>URL consultato il 18 gennaio 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html">url originale</abbr> il 21 maggio 2020)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/oct/14/rwanda-france">Il Ruanda cambia passa all'inglese come lingua ufficiale</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://libri.icrewplay.com/libri-dal-ruanda-una-tradizione-orale/">https://libri.icrewplay.com/libri-dal-ruanda-una-tradizione-orale/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://africanews.space/rwandas-first-satellite-in-space-is-set-for-release-from-iss/">https://africanews.space/rwandas-first-satellite-in-space-is-set-for-release-from-iss/</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r133964453"><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-important.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voce da controllare"><img alt="Voce da controllare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/40px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/60px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/80px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento Africa è ritenuta <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Voci_da_controllare" title="Aiuto:Voci da controllare">da controllare</a></b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"><b>Motivo</b>: <i>Dalla cronologia sembra che nessuno dei testi in bibliografia sia stato usato durante la compilazione della voce, ma che siano stati inseriti solo successivamente da IP.</i> <div class="noprint"><hr />Partecipa alla <a href="/wiki/Discussione:Ruanda" title="Discussione:Ruanda">discussione</a> e/o <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit">correggi</a> la voce. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Africa" title="Progetto:Africa">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul><li>Maurizio Bersanelli,<i> Nel cuore dell'Africa</i>, ed. Polaris. 2014</li> <li>Vito Misuraca,<i>Ruanda. Diario dall'inferno</i>, ed. Gribaudi, 2000</li> <li>Fausta Fonju Ndemesah, <i>La radio e il machete. Il ruolo dei media nel genocidio in Rwanda</i>, Infinito, 2009, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788889602522" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-89602-52-2</a></li> <li>Daniele Scaglione,<i> Istruzioni per un genocidio. Rwanda: cronache di un massacro evitabile</i>, EGA, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8876704477" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-7670-447-7</a></li> <li>Michela Fusaschi (a cura di),<i> Rwanda: etnografie del post-genocidio</i>, Meltemi, Milano, 2009, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8883536924" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-8353-692-4</a></li> <li>Michela Fusaschi, Hutu-Tutsi. <i>Alle radici del genocidio rwandese</i>, Bollati Boringhieri, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8833912868" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-339-1286-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ruanda" class="extiw" title="q:Ruanda">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/La_decolonizzazione_in_Rwanda" class="extiw" title="v:La decolonizzazione in Rwanda">Wikiversità</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/Categoria:Ruanda" class="extiw" title="n:Categoria:Ruanda">Wikinotizie</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Rwanda"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rwanda?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ruanda" class="extiw" title="voy:Ruanda">Wikivoyage</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ruanda" class="extiw" title="q:Ruanda">Ruanda</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiversità"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiversità" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/18px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/36px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversità</a> contiene risorse su <b><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/La_decolonizzazione_in_Rwanda" class="extiw" title="v:La decolonizzazione in Rwanda">Ruanda</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikinotizie"><img alt="Collabora a Wikinotizie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/18px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/36px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="n:">Wikinotizie</a> contiene notizie di attualità su <b><a href="https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/Categoria:Ruanda" class="extiw" title="n:Categoria:Ruanda">Ruanda</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rwanda?uselang=it">Ruanda</a></span></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikivoyage"><img alt="Collabora a Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/18px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/36px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">Wikivoyage</a> contiene informazioni turistiche su <b><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ruanda" class="extiw" title="voy:Ruanda">Ruanda</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.rw/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gov.rw</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ruanda"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ruanda</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ruanda_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ruanda</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDSS" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr>, <abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr>, <abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/it/articles/003461"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ruanda</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">hls-dhs-dss.ch</span>, <a href="/wiki/Dizionario_storico_della_Svizzera" title="Dizionario storico della Svizzera">Dizionario storico della Svizzera</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#P902" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) René Lemarchand e Daniel Clay, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Rwanda"><span style="font-style:italic;">Rwanda</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/place:rwanda"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere riguardanti Ruanda</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#P3847" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070422081001/http://viaggiaresicuri.mae.aci.it/?ruanda">Scheda del Ruanda dal sito Viaggiare Sicuri</a> - Sito curato dal Ministero degli Esteri e dall'ACI</li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200521080512/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il Ruanda secondo il CIA World Factbook</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">cia.gov</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 ottobre 2009</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html">url originale</abbr> il 21 maggio 2020)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Burkina Faso (bandiera)"><img alt="Burkina Faso (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/20px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Eswatini.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="eSwatini (bandiera)"><img alt="eSwatini (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/20px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/30px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/40px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini">eSwatini</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etiopia (bandiera)"><img alt="Etiopia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gabon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gabon (bandiera)"><img alt="Gabon (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gambia (bandiera)"><img alt="Gambia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/20px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/30px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/40px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ghana (bandiera)"><img alt="Ghana (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gibuti (bandiera)"><img alt="Gibuti (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/20px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/30px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/40px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gibuti" title="Gibuti">Gibuti</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guinea (bandiera)"><img alt="Guinea (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guinea-Bissau (bandiera)"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/20px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guinea Equatoriale (bandiera)"><img alt="Guinea Equatoriale (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Equatoriale" title="Guinea Equatoriale">Guinea Equatoriale</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kenya (bandiera)"><img alt="Kenya (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lesotho.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lesotho (bandiera)"><img alt="Lesotho (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Liberia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liberia (bandiera)"><img alt="Liberia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Libya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Libia (bandiera)"><img alt="Libia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/20px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/40px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madagascar (bandiera)"><img alt="Madagascar (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/20px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/40px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Malawi (bandiera)"><img alt="Malawi (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mali.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mali (bandiera)"><img alt="Mali (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marocco (bandiera)"><img alt="Marocco (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/20px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/40px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Marocco" title="Marocco">Marocco</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mauritania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mauritania (bandiera)"><img alt="Mauritania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mauritius.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mauritius (bandiera)"><img alt="Mauritius (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mozambico (bandiera)"><img alt="Mozambico (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mozambico" title="Mozambico">Mozambico</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Namibia (bandiera)"><img alt="Namibia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Niger.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niger (bandiera)"><img alt="Niger (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/19px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/28px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/37px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nigeria (bandiera)"><img alt="Nigeria (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rep. Centrafricana (bandiera)"><img alt="Rep. Centrafricana (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Centrafricana" title="Repubblica Centrafricana">Rep. Centrafricana</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rep. del Congo (bandiera)"><img alt="Rep. del Congo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica del Congo">Rep. del Congo</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="RD del Congo (bandiera)"><img alt="RD del Congo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica Democratica del Congo">RD del Congo</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruanda (bandiera)"><img alt="Ruanda (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ruanda</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="São Tomé e Príncipe (bandiera)"><img alt="São Tomé e Príncipe (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/20px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/30px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/40px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_e_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé e Príncipe">São Tomé e Príncipe</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Senegal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Senegal (bandiera)"><img alt="Senegal (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Seychelles.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seychelles (bandiera)"><img alt="Seychelles (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/20px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/30px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/40px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sierra Leone (bandiera)"><img alt="Sierra Leone (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Somalia (bandiera)"><img alt="Somalia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sudafrica (bandiera)"><img alt="Sudafrica (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudafrica" title="Sudafrica">Sudafrica</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sudan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sudan (bandiera)"><img alt="Sudan (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sudan del Sud (bandiera)"><img alt="Sudan del Sud (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan_del_Sud" title="Sudan del Sud">Sudan del Sud</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tanzania (bandiera)"><img alt="Tanzania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Togo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Togo (bandiera)"><img alt="Togo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Togo.svg/20px-Flag_of_Togo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Togo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Togo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Togo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Togo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tunisia (bandiera)"><img alt="Tunisia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uganda (bandiera)"><img alt="Uganda (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/20px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Zambia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zambia (bandiera)"><img alt="Zambia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zimbabwe (bandiera)"><img alt="Zimbabwe (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:10em;">Stati <i>de facto</i> indipendenti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Somaliland (bandiera)"><img alt="Somaliland (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:10em;">Territori con <i>status</i> indefinito</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sahara Occidentale (bandiera)"><img alt="Sahara Occidentale (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_Araba_dei_Sahrawi" title="Repubblica Democratica Araba dei Sahrawi">Sahara Occidentale</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:10em;">Dipendenze</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Terre australi e antartiche francesi (bandiera)"><img alt="Terre australi e antartiche francesi (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="283" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Isole_Sparse_dell%27Oceano_Indiano" title="Isole Sparse dell'Oceano Indiano">Isole Sparse dell'Oceano Indiano</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/Regno_Unito" title="Regno Unito">Regno Unito</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sant'Elena, Ascensione e Tristan da Cunha (bandiera)"><img alt="Sant'Elena, Ascensione e Tristan da Cunha (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Elena,_Ascensione_e_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Sant'Elena, Ascensione e Tristan da Cunha">Sant'Elena, Ascensione e Tristan da Cunha</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:10em;">Territori africani<br />di Paesi non africani</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mayotte_(local).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mayotte (bandiera)"><img alt="Mayotte (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Riunione (bandiera)"><img alt="La Riunione (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/La_Riunione" title="La Riunione">La Riunione</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia (bandiera)"><img alt="Italia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Isola_di_Lampedusa" title="Isola di Lampedusa">Lampedusa</a><b> ·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia (bandiera)"><img alt="Italia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Isola_Lampione" title="Isola Lampione">Lampione</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/Portogallo" title="Portogallo">Portogallo</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Madeira.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Madeira.svg/20px-Flag_of_Madeira.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Madeira.svg/30px-Flag_of_Madeira.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Madeira.svg/40px-Flag_of_Madeira.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Madera" title="Madera">Madera</a> (<span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portogallo (bandiera)"><img alt="Portogallo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Isole_Selvagge" title="Isole Selvagge">Isole Selvagge</a>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna">Spagna</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ceuta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceuta"><img alt="Ceuta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a><b> ·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canarie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Isole_Canarie" title="Isole Canarie">Canarie</a><b> ·</b> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Melilla.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Melilla"><img alt="Melilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/20px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/30px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/40px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a><b> ·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spagna (bandiera)"><img alt="Spagna (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isole_Chafarinas" title="Isole Chafarinas">Chafarinas</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_Alhucemas" title="Peñón de Alhucemas">Peñón de Alhucemas</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Perejil" title="Perejil">Perejil</a>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yemen (bandiera)"><img alt="Yemen (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/20px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/80148995963559751782">80148995963559751782</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000404581850">0000 0004 0458 1850</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_apostolica_vaticana" title="Biblioteca apostolica vaticana">BAV</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/497_33502">497/33502</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81025976">n81025976</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076910-0">4076910-0</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452324">XX452324</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX452324">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119482632">cb119482632</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119482632">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552775605171">987007552775605171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569817">00569817</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Macroregion_Eastern_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Africa Orientale"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/UN_Macroregion_Eastern_Africa.svg/25px-UN_Macroregion_Eastern_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/UN_Macroregion_Eastern_Africa.svg/38px-UN_Macroregion_Eastern_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/UN_Macroregion_Eastern_Africa.svg/50px-UN_Macroregion_Eastern_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Africa_Orientale" title="Portale:Africa Orientale">Portale Africa Orientale</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che parlano dell'Africa Orientale</div></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6b68c86545‐6xr7z Cached time: 20241202140657 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.996 seconds Real time usage: 2.048 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 15170/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 148682/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14610/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 19/500 Unstrip 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