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a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.active-menu { background-color: #f2f2f2; } ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-22773.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22773.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.hover, { background-color: #f2f2f2; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 .view-header { margin-bottom: 2rem; } .view-articles-by-property-view.view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_2 { margin-top: 5rem; margin-bottom: 5rem; } body.not-front .field-content.post-date { font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.1666; color: #4d4c4c; letter-spacing: 0.77px; text-transform: uppercase; display: block; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; } body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article li, body.property-type-9040 p, body.property-type-9040 li, body.property-type-8447 p, body.property-type-8447 li, body.property-type-8450 p, body.property-type-8450 li { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin-right: 0; } body.og-context-node-102953 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102950 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102947 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102932 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102944 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102941 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 71px; width: 77px; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62045 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 75px; width: 85px; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { margin-top: -2px; width: 78px; height: 78px; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 84px !important; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_5 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_9 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_10 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-article .read-more-button { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .section.more-stories-by::after { border-top: none; } .view-articles-by-issue-with-podcast .views-field-php { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-54396.node-type-article ul.breadcrumb { display:none; } .og-context-node-54396 .footer-fluid, .page-isotope-articles .footer-fluid { margin-top: 4rem; } .view-property-slideshows-by-taxonomy .item { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item { margin-top: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item:first-child { margin-top: 0; } body.node-type-page h1 { font-size:4rem; } .library_field { margin-top: 1rem; font-weight: 700; } .historical-note { font-size: 12px; } .small-view .views-field-title { width: 94%; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 90%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 1em; list-style: inherit; } node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: inherit; } body.property-type-11 .view-articles-by-property-view ul li { margin-top: 1rem; } body.node-type-file-object article ul { list-style: inherit; } body.node-type-file-object article ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } /* body.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section_articles_second {*/ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } /* body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { font-size: 0; } */ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container .property_home_page_section_articles_first { font-size: inherit; } body.front.i18n-fr .aan_image, body.front.i18n-es .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ru .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ar .aan_image, body.front.i18n-zh-hans .aan_image { display:none; } .page-node-81254.og-context-node-81254 .view-id-unorg_home_top_multiitem_nodequeue .unorg-home-hero { margin-bottom: 5rem; } /* dhl */ .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size:12px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59110 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59107 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { font-size: 10px; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74753.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-left: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74777.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-right: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 p { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3 ul li { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 h1.page-header { font-size: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3 { margin-top: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74774 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74777 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { white-space: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 3px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size: 12px; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 15px; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774, body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 p { font-size: 1.61rem; line-height: 1.61; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 h3 { font-size: 2.8rem; line-height: 1.34; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 .home-footer h4 { font-size: 2.3rem; line-height: 1.265; } .not-front .home-footer .footer-fluid .footer.container.dark ul li::before { content: ""; } /* /dhl */ body.article-type-7 .node-sidebar .field-name-body.field-type-text-with-summary.field-label-above .field-label { display: none; } /* .page-calendar-by-property .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } */ .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { z-index:10; } body.node-type-file-object article .field-name-field-image.field-type-image img { width: inherit; } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts { font-size: 2.2rem; color: white; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.1818; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0 0 0.1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); padding: 0.2rem 0 0.4rem 1.7rem; border-left: solid 0.5rem rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts a { color: white; } .property-type-14 .unorg-home-5x4.third-story { margin-top: 3rem; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg { background-color: inherit; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-98731.node-type-page #block-system-main img{ width: inherit; } /* .view-articles-by-property-view .row h3 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } */ body.page-articles-by-property-local-category .view-articles-by-property-view .row .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .page-node-106961 #toggle-play, .page-node-106961 #toggle-pause { bottom: 180px; } .view-dhl.view-display-id-page .views-widget-filter-data_1 { display: none; } .view-un-org-home-news-row.view-id-un_org_home_news_row.view-display-id-block_2 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_1 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_5 p { font-size: 14px; } .un-org-home-news-row-block-2 { margin-top: 4rem; } body.not-front.i18n-ar div.category { letter-spacing: inherit; text-transform: inherit; } body.node-type-book .book-toc { display: none; } .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.single-day div.monthview { background: inherit; } .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.monthview .contents, .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .week-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.weekview .contents { right: 0; left: 5px; } .navbar-full.navbar { background-color: #4d4d4d; padding: 0; height: 34px; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 30%); margin-bottom: 0; z-index: 99; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol, body.not-front .views-field-body ol { list-style-type: decimal; } ol.blue-list li::marker { color: #009edb; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol li, body.not-front .views-field-body ol li { margin-left: 2rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page h3 { clear: both; padding:0.5em 0; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 50px; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; display: inline; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row { clear: both; margin-bottom: 1rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .full_observances_list { text-align: right; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list { text-align: left; } .full_observances_list a::after { font-family: FontAwesome; margin-left: 3px; color: #00a1d9; content: "\f101"; line-height: 1; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list a::after { margin-right: 3px; content: "\f100"; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { background-color: #ffffff !important; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-top: 4rem; padding-bottom: 4rem; } body.page-node-132204.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { padding-top: inherit; padding-bottom: inherit; } .i18n-ar .front-wrapper header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand { font-size: 2.1rem; margin-top: 0.5rem; line-height: 1.6; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a { background-color: #009edb; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active-menu { background: #f2f2f2; color: black; } body.node-type-article #toggle-play, body.node-type-article #toggle-pause { bottom: 150px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 1000px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; width: 500px !important; float: right; display: block; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 0px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 720px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 360px !important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 400px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 200px !important; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.front #live_now_button { display: block; float: left !important; } body.front.i18n-ar #live_now_button { float: right !important; } header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-btn::after { border-right: 0; } body.not-front header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 40px; width: 89px; } body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-1, body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-2 { margin-top: 60px; padding: 0; } body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active, body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { padding: 0; position: inherit; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 2em; background-color: #ffffff; float: none; border-bottom: #f2f2f2 solid 1px; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive table.table { font-size: 8px; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive > .table > tbody > tr > td { white-space: inherit; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 55%; } body.node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { width: 55%; } } /*Ocean 2022 logo*/ /* body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 261px !important; height: 79px !important; margin-top: 0; } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 164px !important; height: 50px !important; margin-top: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 66px !important; margin-top: -14px; } } */ </style> </section> <section id="block-block-60" class="block block-block clearfix"> <style type="text/css">/* -- begin added by Tulin -- */ /* ****** effects for headers ***** */ h1.header-entry-page { font-size: 4.5rem !important; } h3.header-lg { font-size: 4rem; } h3.header-md { font-size: 3rem; } .heading-underlined-blue::after { content: ''; display: block; margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem 0; border-top: #00a1d9 solid 3px; width: 33%; } .heading-underlined-blue { margin-top: 5rem; } .heading-center-underline { text-align: center !important; } .heading-center-underline::after { content: ''; display: block; margin-left: 25% !important; margin-right: 50% !important; text-align: center; margin-top: 1.0501050105rem; border-top: #009edb 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</header>  <div class="main-container container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <section> <div class="banner_alert"> <div class="view view-banner-by-property view-id-banner_by_property view-display-id-block view-dom-id-1d1c2b1d85574f620e13d5df430c7c13"> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <h1 class="page-header">1.5°C: what it means and why it matters</h1>  <section class="region region-content"> <section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div id="node-216412" class="node node-page clearfix" about="/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/degrees-matter" typeof="foaf:Document"> <span property="dc:title" content="1.5°C: what it means and why it matters" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field-name-field-image"><img src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/styles/banner-image-style-27-10/public/2024/04/banner_for_1.5_explainer.png" alt="graphic of a thermometer going into the red. "/></div> <div class="image-metadata"><span class="photo-credit">Every fraction of a degree of warming matters. With every additional increment of global warming, changes in extremes and risks become larger. </span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><style type="text/css">.textbox { padding-right: 26px; } .herosummit { margin: 0,5em; } } </style> <div class="row bottommargin-sm topmargin-sm"> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-7 col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="body-article"> <p>The science is clear: <strong>to avert the worst impacts of climate change</strong> and preserve a liveable planet, global warming needs to be limited as much as possible and as a matter of urgency. (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/">IPCC)</a></p> <p><strong>Under the Paris Agreement</strong>, countries agreed to substantially reduce global greenhouse gas emissions to enable the long-term global average surface temperature increase to be kept well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.<a href="https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf">(Paris Agreement)</a></p> <p>At COPs 26, 27, and 28, countries emphasized that the impacts of climate change would be much lower at a temperature increase of 1.5°C, compared with 2°C, and expressed their firm resolve to pursue efforts to <strong>limit global warming to 1.5°C.</strong>(<a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences">COP outcomes</a>; <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/">IPCC</a>)</p> <p><strong>Monthly and annual breaches of 1.5°C</strong> do not mean that the world has failed to achieve the Paris Agreement’s temperature goal, which refers to a long-term temperature increase over decades, not individual months or years. Temperatures for any single month or year fluctuate due to natural variability, including El Niño/La Niña and volcanic eruptions. Consequently, <strong>long-term temperature changes are typically considered on decadal timescales</strong>. (<a href="https://wmo.int/publication-series/state-of-global-climate-2023">WMO</a>)</p> <p>Nevertheless, breaches of 1.5°C for a month or a year are <strong>early signs of getting perilously close to exceeding the long-term limit</strong>, and serve as clarion calls for <strong>increasing ambition and accelerating action in this critical decade.</strong> (<a href="https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2023">UNEP</a>).</p> <p>Global temperature changes are typically <strong>measured against the average temperature over a historical, pre-industrial baseline</strong> of 1850–1900. This baseline is the earliest period for which high-quality observations of surface temperatures over the land and ocean are available. (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/faq/faq-chapter-1/">IPCC</a>).</p> <p>The first <strong>months with an average temperature that was more than 1.5°C</strong> above the pre-industrial average occurred during 2015-16, driven by both human-caused climate change and a strong, naturally occurring El Niño. The latter part of 2023 and early 2024 also experienced monthly average global temperature anomalies above 1.5°C. (WMO)</p> <p><strong>The first 12-month period to exceed 1.5°C as an average</strong> was February 2023 – January 2024, boosted by El Niño, when the average temperature worldwide was estimated to be 1.52°C higher than 1850–1900, according to one scientific dataset (<a href="https://climate.copernicus.eu/warmest-january-record-12-month-average-over-15degc-above-preindustrial">Copernicus Climate Change Service</a>). The likelihood of the annual average global temperature exceeding 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels for at least one year over the coming five years has increased significantly since 2015, when it was close to zero (<a href="https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/global-temperatures-set-reach-new-records-next-five-years">WMO</a>).</p> <p>The global average temperature for the <strong>most recent 10-year period</strong>, from 2014 to 2023, is estimated to be the warmest 10-year period on record, at around <strong>1.2°C</strong> above the 1850-1900 average (<a href="https://wmo.int/publication-series/state-of-global-climate-2023">WMO</a>). The 20-year average warming for 2001–2020 relative to 1850–1900 is 0.99°C (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf">IPCC</a>).</p>  <img alt="Good Food For All - Watch and Do Party" class="img-responsive topmargin-sm" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/en_1.jpg"> <span class="image-caption">Graphic: UNFCCC</span> <p class="topmargin-sm"><strong>Every fraction of a degree of warming matters.</strong> With every additional increment of global warming, changes in extremes and risks become larger. For example, every additional 0.1°C of global warming causes clearly discernible increases in the intensity and frequency of temperature and precipitation extremes, as well as agricultural and ecological droughts in some regions. (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf">IPCC</a>)</p> <p><strong>Limiting global warming to below 1.5°C</strong> will significantly reduce the risks, adverse impacts, and related losses and damages from climate change. Failing to do so will lead to increasingly frequent and dangerous extreme weather events including heatwaves, droughts, wildfires, and heavy precipitation and flooding (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Headline-statements.pdf">IPCC</a>). Extreme heat causes the greatest mortality of all extreme weather, with an estimated 489,000 heat-related deaths per year between 2000 and 2019 (<a href="https://library.wmo.int/records/item/68500-2023-state-of-climate-services-health">WMO</a>). <strong>Exceeding 1.5°C could also trigger multiple climate tipping points</strong> — such as breakdowns of major ocean circulation systems, abrupt thawing of boreal permafrost, and collapse of tropical coral reef systems — with abrupt, irreversible, and dangerous impacts for humanity.(<a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7950">Science</a>)</p> <p><strong>Even at current levels of global warming,</strong> we are already seeing devastating climate impacts, including intensifying extreme weather events, alarming reductions in ice sheets, sea ice, and glaciers, and several mass coral bleaching events, with widespread harms to people, economies, and nature (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/resources/spm-headline-statements/">IPCC</a>). In the last two decades, the 55 most climate-vulnerable economies alone have already experienced climate damages exceeding US$ 500 billion (<a href="https://www.unep.org/resources/adaptation-gap-report-2023">UNEP</a>). In 2022, disasters triggered a record 32.6 million internal displacements, of which 98% were caused by weather-related hazards such as floods, storms, wildfires and droughts (<a href="https://www.unhcr.org/us/news/stories/climate-change-and-displacement-myths-and-facts">UNHCR</a>).</p> <p><strong>Human health impacts from climate change have been apparent for at least 20 years, but the climate crisis is still not treated like other global public health emergencies.</strong> The cumulative death toll from climate change since 2000 will pass 4 million in 2024. This number is likely a substantial underestimate since it only focuses on climate-related malnutrition, diarrheal disease, malaria, floods, and cardiovascular diseases, whereas climate change is a threat multiplier of many other extreme weather events and public health risks. (<a href="">Nature</a>; <a href="https://journals.plos.org/climate/article?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000126">PLOS</a>)</p> <p><strong>Many climate impacts</strong>, especially sea-level rise from ice sheets, disappearance of mountain glaciers, and ocean acidification, <strong>are essentially permanent for many generations to come and will take centuries to thousands of years to restore to even today’s conditions.</strong> To minimize losses and damages, it is crucial to minimize the <strong>magnitude and duration of temporarily exceeding 1.5°C</strong> by urgently and significantly <strong>reducing greenhouse gas emissions and phasing out fossil fuels.</strong> (<a href="https://10insightsclimate.science/year-2023/1-overshooting-fast-becoming-inevitable/">New insights</a>; <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf">IPCC</a>)</p>  <img alt="graph of climate change overe time" class="img-responsive topmargin-sm bottommargin-sm" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/nottoolate_banner_1200x675px.png" title="if we can not, we can make a difference."> <p>Under global modelled <strong>pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C</strong> with no or limited temporary overshoot, global greenhouse gas emissions peak by 2025, and are reduced by 43% by 2030 relative to 2019. carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions reach net zero by 2050. (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/">IPCC)</a></p> <p><strong>However, global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, largely from fossil fuels, continue to rise and reach record levels.</strong> At the current rate of emissions, the remaining “carbon budget” for limiting long-term global warming to 1.5°C with a 50% chance (around 250–275 billion tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub>) would be depleted by 2030. (<a href="https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2023">UNEP</a>; <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/5301/2023/">Global Carbon Project</a>)</p> <p>Countries’ commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris Agreement have contributed to reducing the projected global warming by the end of the 21st century from 3.7–4.8°C to 2.4–2.6°C or possibly even lower. While this is far from sufficient, it shows that <strong>collective commitments under the Paris Agreement have made a difference</strong> (<a href="https://unfccc.int/ndc-synthesis-report-2023">UNFCCC</a>).</p> <p>At COP28 in December 2023, governments also agreed to <strong>increase the ambitions of their national climate commitments</strong> — due in 2025 — to be in line with limiting global warming to 1.5°C, as informed by the latest science, covering the whole economy and all greenhouse gases and sectors (<a href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cma2023_L17_adv.pdf">COP28 outcome)</a>.</p> <p>Commitments and net-zero pledges must also be backed up by concrete action and implementation. <strong>We need to bend the global emissions curve — and the production and consumption of coal, oil, and gas — downwards, starting now</strong> (<a href="https://www.unep.org/resources/production-gap-report-2023">UNEP</a>).</p> <p><strong>A wide range of solutions exist, many of which have already been deployed successfully.</strong> Well-designed climate policies and economic measures — with close linkages between mitigation, adaptation, and development pathways — can also help to achieve sustainable development, deliver equity, eradicate poverty, and protect public and planetary health (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf">IPCC</a>).</p> </div> </div>  <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-offset-1 col-md-offset-1"> <h2 class="leftmargin-sm bottommargin-sm">Learn more about…</h2>  <div class="allpadding-sm"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/key-findings"><img alt="ice cream cone smokestack" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/08/the-science.png"></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/key-findings">The science</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">See the latest <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports">climate reports</a> from the United Nations as well as <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/key-findings">climate action facts</a>.</p> </div>  <div class="allpadding-sm"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy"><img alt="Illustration: on the left of solarp panels" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/energy_cover2.png"></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy">Renewable energy – powering a safer future</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">Derived from natural resources as hydropower, renewable energy is key to a safer, cleaner, and sustainable world.</p> </div>  <div class="allpadding-sm"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change"><img alt="photo of Inger Andersen" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/causeseffects-nologo.jpg"></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change">Causes and Effects</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">Fossil fuels are by far the largest contributor to the greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change, which poses many risks to all forms of life on Earth. <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change">Learn more</a>.</p> </div>  <div class="allpadding-sm"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition"><img alt="Illustration: on the left of solarp panels" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/renewableenergy02.png"></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition">Net Zero</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">What is net zero? Why is it important? Our net-zero page explains why we need steep emissions cuts now and what efforts are underway.</p> </div>  <div class="allpadding-sm"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy-transition"><img alt="Illustration with to windmills on purple background" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/renewableenergy01.png"></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy-transition">Five ways to jump-start the renewable energy transition now</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">UN Secretary-General outlines <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy-transition">five critical actions the world</a> needs to prioritize now to speed up the global shift to renewable energy.</p> </div>  <div class="allpadding-sm"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-action-coalitions"><img alt="Photocomposition: a picture of Ashley Lashley in black and white; a small map on the right, showing region, Barbados" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/initiatives.jpg"></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-action-coalitions">Initiatives for action</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">Governments, businesses and civil society members are connecting in climate initiatives to speed the pace of climate action. Read more about their global initiatives <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-action-coalitions">here</a>.</p> </div>  <div class="allpadding-sm"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/mythbusters"><img alt="Illustration of purple butterfly on a branch" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/styles/large-article-image-style-16-9/public/tw_commbrand_mobilizingaction02.jpg?itok=pY9w-s6l"></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/mythbusters">The facts on climate and energy</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">Climate change is a hot topic – with myths and falsehoods circulating widely. Find some essential facts <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/mythbusters">here.</a></p> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="sharing_widget" class="col-sm-12 bottommargin">  <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_x"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> </div> <script async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  </div> </div> </div>  <div class="section section-fluid home-footer gray-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row topmargin"> <div class="divider"></div> </div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Facts and figures</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change">What is climate change?</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change">Causes and effects </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/mythbusters">Myth busters</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports">Reports</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/key-findings">Fast facts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Cutting emissions</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition">Explaining net zero </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/high-level-expert-group">High-level expert group on net zero</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a 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class="row"><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Financing climate action</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/climate-finance">Finance and justice</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/adelle-thomas-loss-and-damage">Loss and damage </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/climate_finance_report.pdf" class="pdf-link">$100 billion commitment </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/why-finance-climate-action">Why finance climate action</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Explainers</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/health">Health </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food">Food</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/biodiversity">Biodiversity</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/ocean">Ocean</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/water">Water</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/land">Land</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/greenwashing">Greenwashing</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/human-security">Human Security </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/women">Women</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a 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