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id="toc-Name_and_symbol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_and_symbol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Name and symbol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_and_symbol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planet_X_disproved" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planet_X_disproved"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Planet X disproved </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planet_X_disproved-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Classification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IAU_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IAU_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 IAU classification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IAU_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Orbit </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Orbit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Orbit subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Neptune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Neptune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Relationship with Neptune </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Neptune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Other factors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Rotation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Surface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Surface </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Internal structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_and_size" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_and_size"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Mass and size </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_and_size-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atmosphere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atmosphere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Atmosphere </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atmosphere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_satellites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_satellites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Natural satellites </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Natural_satellites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Natural satellites subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Natural_satellites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quasi-satellite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quasi-satellite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Quasi-satellite </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quasi-satellite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Origin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observation_and_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observation_and_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Observation and exploration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Observation_and_exploration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Observation and exploration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Observation_and_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Observation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Observation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Pluto</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 197 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197" aria-hidden="true" > 197 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%89%E1%89%B6" title="ፕሉቶ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕሉቶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="यम (बौना ग्रह) – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="यम (बौना ग्रह)" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="بلوتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلوتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plut%C3%B3n_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Plutón (astronomía) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Plutón (astronomía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton_(plan%C3%A8ta_nambot)" title="Pluton (planèta nambot) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pluton (planèta nambot)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B" title="প্লুটো – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্লুটো" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plut%C3%B3n_(planeta_nanu)" title="Plutón (planeta nanu) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Plutón (planeta nanu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B" title="प्लूटो – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="प्लूटो" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plut%C3%B5" title="Plutõ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Plutõ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پلوتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پلوتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B" title="প্লুটো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্লুটো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AA-%C3%B4ng-chhe%E2%81%BF" title="Mê-ông-chheⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mê-ông-chheⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Плутон (карлікавая планета) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плутон (карлікавая планета)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плютон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Плютон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B" title="प्लूटो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्लूटो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5)" title="Плутон (планета джудже) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плутон (планета джудже)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(Zweagplanet)" title="Pluto (Zweagplanet) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pluto (Zweagplanet)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="གཤིན་རྒྱལ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གཤིན་རྒྱལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploudon" title="Ploudon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ploudon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plut%C3%B3_(planeta_nan)" title="Plutó (planeta nan) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plutó (planeta nan)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(trpasli%C4%8D%C3%AD_planeta)" title="Pluto (trpasličí planeta) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pluto (trpasličí planeta)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanya_la_Nthuzi" title="Chanya la Nthuzi – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chanya la Nthuzi" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutone" title="Plutone – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Plutone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plwton_(planed_gorrach)" title="Plwton (planed gorrach) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plwton (planed gorrach)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(dv%C3%A6rgplanet)" title="Pluto (dværgplanet) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pluto (dværgplanet)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%88" title="پلوطو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پلوطو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%82%C3%B3otoo" title="Tłóotoo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tłóotoo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluuto" title="Pluuto – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pluuto" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Πλούτωνας (πλανήτης νάνος) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πλούτωνας (πλανήτης νάνος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plut%C3%A5n" title="Plutån – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Plutån" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plut%C3%B3n_(planeta_enano)" title="Plutón (planeta enano) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plutón (planeta enano)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutono" title="Plutono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plutono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton_(planeta_nanoa)" title="Pluton (planeta nanoa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pluton (planeta nanoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="پلوتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پلوتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton_(plan%C3%A8te_naine)" title="Pluton (planète naine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pluton (planète naine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(planeet)" title="Pluto (planeet) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pluto (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%BAt%C3%B3n_(abhacphl%C3%A1in%C3%A9ad)" title="Plútón (abhacphláinéad) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Plútón (abhacphláinéad)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%B9to" title="Plùto – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Plùto" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plut%C3%B3n" title="Plutón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Plutón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8A%D8%AA%D8%A4%D9%86" title="پلۊتؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پلۊتؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8B" title="પ્લૂટો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્લૂટો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8n-v%C3%B2ng-s%C3%AAn" title="Mèn-vòng-sên – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mèn-vòng-sên" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="명왕성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="명왕성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIlioki" title="ʻIlioki – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻIlioki" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Պլուտոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պլուտոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="प्लूटो (बौना ग्रह) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्लूटो (बौना ग्रह)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutono" title="Plutono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Plutono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(nani_planete)" title="Pluto (nani planete) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Pluto (nani planete)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%89%E1%93%98%E1%91%90" title="ᑉᓘᑐ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑉᓘᑐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Pluto_(i-astronomy)" title="I-Pluto (i-astronomy) – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Pluto (i-astronomy)" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNochoko" title="UNochoko – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UNochoko" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%BAt%C3%B3_(dvergreikistjarna)" title="Plútó (dvergreikistjarna) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Plútó (dvergreikistjarna)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutone_(astronomia)" title="Plutone (astronomia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Plutone (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95" title="פלוטו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלוטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%CA%8At%C9%94%C9%94" title="Plʊtɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Plʊtɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A" title="ಪ್ಲೊಟೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ಲೊಟೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პლუტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პლუტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96_%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Плутон (ергежейлі ғаламшар) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Плутон (ергежейлі ғаламшар)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plouton" title="Plouton – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Plouton" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliton_(plan%C3%A8t)" title="Pliton (planèt) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pliton (planèt)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%BBton" title="Plûton – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Plûton" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ດາວຍົມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ດາວຍົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(planetulus)" title="Pluto (planetulus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pluto (planetulus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutons_(pundurplan%C4%93ta)" title="Plutons (pundurplanēta) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plutons (pundurplanēta)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/(134340)_Pluto" title="(134340) Pluto – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="(134340) Pluto" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonas_(nyk%C5%A1tukin%C4%97_planeta)" title="Plutonas (nykštukinė planeta) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Plutonas (nykštukinė planeta)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton_(astronomia)" title="Pluton (astronomia) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Pluton (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(dwergplaneet)" title="Pluto (dwergplaneet) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pluto (dwergplaneet)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(k%C3%A4%C3%A4pi%C3%B6planiettu)" title="Pluto (kääpiöplaniettu) – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pluto (kääpiöplaniettu)" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pluton" title="pluton – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pluton" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutone_(corp_celest)" title="Plutone (corp celest) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Plutone (corp celest)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(t%C3%B6rpebolyg%C3%B3)" title="Pluto (törpebolygó) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pluto (törpebolygó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%9F%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Плутон (џуџеста планета) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Плутон (џуџеста планета)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot%C3%B4na" title="Plotôna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Plotôna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B" title="പ്ലൂട്ടോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്ലൂട്ടോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(astronomija)" title="Pluto (astronomija) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Pluto (astronomija)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="प्लूटो (बटु ग्रह) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्लूटो (बटु ग्रह)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პლუტონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პლუტონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_(%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A8)" title="بلوتو (كوكب) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلوتو (كوكب)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پلوتو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پلوتو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACng-u%C3%B2ng-s%C4%ADng" title="Mìng-uòng-sĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mìng-uòng-sĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="Плутон (шары тяште) – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Плутон (шары тяште)" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дэлхийн ван – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхийн ван" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ပလူတို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပလူတို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mictlanteuccitlalli" title="Mictlanteuccitlalli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Mictlanteuccitlalli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(dwergplaneet)" title="Pluto (dwergplaneet) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pluto (dwergplaneet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(dwargplaneet)" title="Pluto (dwargplaneet) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pluto (dwargplaneet)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="यमग्रह – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="यमग्रह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B" title="प्लुटो – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्लुटो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="冥王星 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="冥王星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prutone" title="Prutone – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Prutone" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9B%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%8C%DF%AE" title="ߛߊ߬ߙߌ߬ߕߌ߮ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߛߊ߬ߙߌ߬ߕߌ߮" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluuto" title="Pluuto – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pluuto" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvergplaneten_Pluto" title="Dvergplaneten Pluto – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dvergplaneten Pluto" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(planete)" title="Pluto (planete) – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Pluto (planete)" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton_(planeta_nana)" title="Pluton (planeta nana) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pluton (planeta nana)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8B" title="ପ୍ଲୁଟୋ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ଲୁଟୋ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B" title="ਪਲੂਟੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਲੂਟੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88" title="پلوٹو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پلوٹو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="پلوتون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پلوتون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluuto" title="Pluuto – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pluuto" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84" title="ភ្លុយតុង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភ្លុយតុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(Dwargplanet)" title="Pluto (Dwargplanet) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pluto (Dwargplanet)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/(134340)_Pluton" title="(134340) Pluton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="(134340) Pluton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plut%C3%A3o" title="Plutão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Plutão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton_(planeta)" title="Pluton (planeta) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Pluton (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluuto_(Zwerchplaneet)" title="Pluuto (Zwerchplaneet) – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Pluuto (Zwerchplaneet)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yama" title="Yama – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Yama" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(planet_nanin)" title="Pluto (planet nanin) – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Pluto (planet nanin)" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulutun_(t%27una_puriq_quyllur)" title="Pulutun (t'una puriq quyllur) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulutun (t'una puriq quyllur)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83" title="प्लूटो-ग्रहः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्लूटो-ग्रहः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutoni_(planet)" title="Plutoni (planet) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Plutoni (planet)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutoni" title="Plutoni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Plutoni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D" title="ප්ලූටෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්ලූටෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%88" title="پلوٽو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پلوٽو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/134340_Pluto" title="134340 Pluto – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="134340 Pluto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buluuto" title="Buluuto – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Buluuto" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%86" title="پلووتۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پلووتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pluto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="புளூட்டோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புளூட்டோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Плутон (кәрлә планета) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Плутон (кәрлә планета)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B" title="ప్లూటో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్లూటో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="ดาวพลูโต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาวพลูโต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A1%E1%8F%99" title="ᏡᏙ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏡᏙ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%BCton" title="Plüton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Plüton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%CC%B1luto" title="Pi̱luto – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Pi̱luto" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Плутон" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Плутон (карликова планета) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плутон (карликова планета)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88" title="پلوٹو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پلوٹو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%87%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="پلۇتون – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پلۇتون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton_(astronomia)" title="Pluton (astronomia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pluton (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_Di%C3%AAm_V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Sao Diêm Vương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sao Diêm Vương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutun" title="Plutun – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Plutun" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluuto" title="Pluuto – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pluuto" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="冥王星 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="冥王星" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="冥神星 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冥神星" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="פלוטאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פלוטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%B9t%C3%B2" title="Plùtò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Plùtò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="冥王星 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冥王星" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pluton" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(dwergplanete)" title="Pluto (dwergplanete) – Zeelandic" 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For the deity, see <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto (mythology)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pluto (disambiguation)">Pluto (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">134340 Pluto</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/290px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/435px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/580px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Pluto, imaged by the <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> spacecraft, July 2015.<a href="#cite_note-caption-1">[a]</a> The most prominent feature in the image, the bright, youthful plains of <a href="/wiki/Tombaugh_Regio" title="Tombaugh Regio">Tombaugh Regio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Planitia" title="Sputnik Planitia">Sputnik Planitia</a>, can be seen at right. It contrasts the darker, cratered terrain of <a href="/wiki/Belton_Regio" title="Belton Regio">Belton Regio</a> at lower left.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:PapayaWhip">Discovery</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers" title="List of minor planet discoverers">Discovered by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clyde_W._Tombaugh" class="mw-redirect" title="Clyde W. Tombaugh">Clyde W. Tombaugh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes" title="List of observatory codes">Discovery site</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory" title="Lowell Observatory">Lowell Observatory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Discovery date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 18, 1930</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:PapayaWhip">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_designation" title="Minor-planet designation">MPC designation</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">(134340) Pluto</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈpluːtoʊ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/25\/En-us-Pluto.ogg\/En-us-Pluto.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Pluto.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-us-Pluto.ogg/En-us-Pluto.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Pluto.ogg" title="File:En-us-Pluto.ogg">ⓘ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Named after</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet#Populations" title="Minor planet">Minor planet category</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> object</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectivals_and_demonyms_of_astronomical_bodies" title="List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies">Adjectives</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Plutonian#Adjective_2" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Plutonian">Plutonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/pluːˈtoʊniən/</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Planet_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet symbols">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_monogram_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♇"><img alt="♇" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pluto_monogram_%28bold%29.svg/24px-Pluto_monogram_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pluto_monogram_%28bold%29.svg/36px-Pluto_monogram_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pluto_monogram_%28bold%29.svg/48px-Pluto_monogram_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> or <a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_symbol_(large_orb,_bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⯓"><img alt="⯓" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_bold%29.svg/24px-Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_bold%29.svg/36px-Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_bold%29.svg/48px-Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:PapayaWhip"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a><a href="#cite_note-TOP2013-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MeanElements-4">[b]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> <a href="/wiki/J2000" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000">J2000</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Earliest <a href="/wiki/Precovery" title="Precovery">precovery</a> date</th><td class="infobox-data">August 20, 1909</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Aphelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>49.305 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a></li> <li>(7.37593 billion km)</li> <li>February 2114</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>29.658 AU</li> <li>(4.43682 billion km)<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a></li> <li>(September 5, 1989)<a href="#cite_note-jpl-ssd-horizons-6">[4]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>39.482 AU</li> <li>(5.90638 billion km)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.2488</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (sidereal)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>247.94 <a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)" title="Julian year (astronomy)">years</a><a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a></li> <li>90,560 d<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (synodic)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">366.73 days<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Average <a href="/wiki/Orbital_speed" title="Orbital speed">orbital speed</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4.743 km/s<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_anomaly#Mean_anomaly_at_epoch" title="Mean anomaly">Mean anomaly</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">14.53 <a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">deg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>17.16°</li> <li>(11.88° to Sun's equator)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude of ascending node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">110.299°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">113.834°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Known <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">satellites</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">5</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:PapayaWhip"><a href="/wiki/Standard_asteroid_physical_characteristics" title="Standard asteroid physical characteristics">Physical characteristics</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Dimensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,376.6±1.6 km (observations consistent with a sphere, predicted deviations too small to be observed)<a href="#cite_note-Nimmo2017-7">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Mean radius</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1,188.3±0.8 km<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_System_after_New_Horizons-8">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nimmo2017-7">[5]</a></li> <li>0.1868 <a href="/wiki/Earth_radius" title="Earth radius">Earths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Flattening" title="Flattening">Flattening</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><1%<a href="#cite_note-Stern2015-9">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Spheroid#Surface_area" title="Spheroid">Surface area</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1.774443×107 km2<a href="#cite_note-Surface_area-10">[c]</a></li> <li>0.035 Earths</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>(7.057±0.004)×109 km3<a href="#cite_note-Volume-11">[d]</a></li> <li>0.00651 Earths</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>(1.3025±0.0006)×1022 kg<a href="#cite_note-Brozovic2024-12">[8]</a></li> <li>0.00218 <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass">Earths</a></li> <li>0.177 <a href="/wiki/Moon_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon mass">Moons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.853±0.004 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-Brozovic2024-12">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Equatorial <a href="/wiki/Standard_asteroid_physical_characteristics#Surface_gravity" title="Standard asteroid physical characteristics">surface gravity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.620 m/s2 (0.0632 <a href="/wiki/Standard_gravity" title="Standard gravity">g0</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Surface_gravity-13">[e]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Equatorial <a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">escape velocity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.212 km/s<a href="#cite_note-Escape_velocity-14">[f]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Synodic_rotation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Synodic rotation period">Synodic rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>−6.38680 d</li> <li>−6 d, 9 h, 17 m, 00 s</li></ul> </div><a href="#cite_note-planet_years-15">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_rotation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidereal rotation period">Sidereal rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>−6.387230 d</li> <li>−6 d, 9 h, 17 m, 36 s</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Equatorial rotation velocity</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13.11 m/s[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Axial tilt</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">122.53° (to orbit)<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">North pole <a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">right ascension</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">132.993°<a href="#cite_note-Archinal-16">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">North pole <a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">declination</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−6.163°<a href="#cite_note-Archinal-16">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">Geometric albedo</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.52 <a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric</a> (locally 0.08–1.0)<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a> 0.72 ± 0.07 <a href="/wiki/Bond_albedo" title="Bond albedo">Bond</a><a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; margin:0; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">Surface <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temp.</a></th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">min</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">mean</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">max</th> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em"><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></th> <td style="text-align:center">33 K</td> <td style="text-align:center">44 K (−229 °C)</td> <td style="text-align:center">55 K</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">13.65<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a> to 16.3<a href="#cite_note-AstDys-Pluto-17">[11]</a> (mean is 15.1)<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_(H)" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude (H)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−0.44<a href="#cite_note-jpldata-18">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Angular_diameter" title="Angular diameter">Angular diameter</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.06″ to 0.11″<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Angular_size-19">[g]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:PapayaWhip">Atmosphere</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Surface <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">pressure</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.0 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">Pa</a> (2015)<a href="#cite_note-Stern2015-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_chemistry#Atmospheric_composition" title="Atmospheric chemistry">Composition by volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a><a href="#cite_note-Physorg_April_19,_2011-21">[14]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Pluto (<a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_designation" title="Minor-planet designation">minor-planet designation</a>: 134340 Pluto) is a <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a>, a ring of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune</a>. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-<a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">massive</a> known object to directly orbit the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>. It is the largest known <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian object</a> by volume, by a small margin, but is less massive than <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a>. Like other Kuiper belt objects, Pluto is made primarily of ice and rock and is much smaller than the <a href="/wiki/Inner_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner planet">inner planets</a>. Pluto has roughly one-sixth the mass of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, and one-third its volume. Pluto has a moderately <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">eccentric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inclination" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclination">inclined</a> orbit, ranging from 30 to 49 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical units</a> (4.5 to 7.3 <a href="/wiki/1000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000 (number)">billion</a> <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">kilometres</a>; 2.8 to 4.6 billion <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">miles</a>) from the Sun. Light from the Sun takes 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its orbital distance of 39.5 AU (5.91 billion km; 3.67 billion mi). Pluto's eccentric orbit periodically brings it closer to the Sun than <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>, but a stable <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonance</a> prevents them from colliding. Pluto has <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">five known moons</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a>, the largest, whose diameter is just over half that of Pluto; <a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a>. Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a <a href="/wiki/Binary_system" title="Binary system">binary system</a> because the <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">barycenter</a> of their orbits does not lie within either body, and they are <a href="/wiki/Tidally_locked" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidally locked">tidally locked</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> was the first spacecraft to visit Pluto and its moons, making a <a href="/wiki/Planetary_flyby" title="Planetary flyby">flyby</a> on July 14, 2015, and taking detailed measurements and observations. Pluto was discovered in 1930 by <a href="/wiki/Clyde_W._Tombaugh" class="mw-redirect" title="Clyde W. Tombaugh">Clyde W. Tombaugh</a>, making it by far the first known object in the Kuiper belt. It was immediately hailed as the <a href="/wiki/Ninth_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth planet">ninth planet</a>. However,<a href="#cite_note-T&M-22">[15]</a>: 27  its planetary status was questioned when it was found to be much smaller than expected. These doubts increased following the discovery of additional objects in the Kuiper belt starting in the 1990s, and particularly the more massive <a href="/wiki/Scattered_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Scattered disk">scattered disk</a> object <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> in 2005. In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> (IAU) formally <a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">redefined the term planet</a> to exclude dwarf planets such as Pluto. Many planetary astronomers, however, continue to consider Pluto and other dwarf planets to be planets. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery">Discovery</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planets beyond Neptune</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_discovery_plates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The same area of night sky with stars, shown twice, side by side. One of the bright points, located with an arrow, changes position between the two images." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Pluto_discovery_plates.png/220px-Pluto_discovery_plates.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Pluto_discovery_plates.png/330px-Pluto_discovery_plates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c6/Pluto_discovery_plates.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption>Discovery photographs of Pluto</figcaption></figure> In the 1840s, <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a> used <a href="/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">Newtonian mechanics</a> to predict the position of the then-undiscovered planet <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> after analyzing perturbations in the orbit of <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>. Subsequent observations of Neptune in the late 19th century led astronomers to speculate that Uranus's orbit was being disturbed by another planet besides Neptune.<a href="#cite_note-23">[16]</a> In 1906, <a href="/wiki/Percival_Lowell" title="Percival Lowell">Percival Lowell</a>—a wealthy Bostonian who had founded <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory" title="Lowell Observatory">Lowell Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff,_Arizona" title="Flagstaff, Arizona">Flagstaff, Arizona</a>, in 1894—started an extensive project in search of a possible ninth planet, which he termed "<a href="/wiki/Planet_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet X">Planet X</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Tombaugh1946-24">[17]</a> By 1909, Lowell and <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Pickering" title="William Henry Pickering">William H. Pickering</a> had suggested several possible celestial coordinates for such a planet.<a href="#cite_note-Hoyt-25">[18]</a> Lowell and his observatory conducted his search, using mathematical calculations made by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Langdon_Williams" title="Elizabeth Langdon Williams">Elizabeth Williams</a>, until his death in 1916, but to no avail. Unknown to Lowell, his surveys had captured two faint images of Pluto on March 19 and April 7, 1915, but they were not recognized for what they were.<a href="#cite_note-Hoyt-25">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Littman1990-26">[19]</a> There are fourteen other known <a href="/wiki/Precovery" title="Precovery">precovery</a> observations, with the earliest made by the <a href="/wiki/Yerkes_Observatory" title="Yerkes Observatory">Yerkes Observatory</a> on August 20, 1909.<a href="#cite_note-BuchwaldDimarioWild2000-27">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clyde_W._Tombaugh.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clyde_W._Tombaugh.jpeg/170px-Clyde_W._Tombaugh.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clyde_W._Tombaugh.jpeg/255px-Clyde_W._Tombaugh.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clyde_W._Tombaugh.jpeg/340px-Clyde_W._Tombaugh.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Clyde Tombaugh, in Kansas</figcaption></figure> Percival's widow, Constance Lowell, entered into a ten-year legal battle with the Lowell Observatory over her husband's legacy, and the search for Planet X did not resume until 1929.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroswell199750-28">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vesto_Melvin_Slipher" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesto Melvin Slipher">Vesto Melvin Slipher</a>, the observatory director, gave the job of locating Planet X to 23-year-old <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Tombaugh" title="Clyde Tombaugh">Clyde Tombaugh</a>, who had just arrived at the observatory after Slipher had been impressed by a sample of his astronomical drawings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroswell199750-28">[21]</a> Tombaugh's task was to systematically image the night sky in pairs of photographs, then examine each pair and determine whether any objects had shifted position. Using a <a href="/wiki/Blink_comparator" title="Blink comparator">blink comparator</a>, he rapidly shifted back and forth between views of each of the plates to create the illusion of movement of any objects that had changed position or appearance between photographs. On February 18, 1930, after nearly a year of searching, Tombaugh discovered a possible moving object on photographic plates taken on January 23 and 29. A lesser-quality photograph taken on January 21 helped confirm the movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroswell199752-29">[22]</a> After the observatory obtained further confirmatory photographs, news of the discovery was telegraphed to the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College_Observatory" title="Harvard College Observatory">Harvard College Observatory</a> on March 13, 1930.<a href="#cite_note-Hoyt-25">[18]</a> One Plutonian year corresponds to 247.94 Earth years;<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a> thus, in 2178, Pluto will complete its first orbit since its discovery. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_and_symbol">Name and symbol</h3></div> The name Pluto came from the Roman <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">god of the underworld</a>; and it is also an <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> (the Greek equivalent of Pluto). Upon the announcement of the discovery, Lowell Observatory received over a thousand suggestions for names.<a href="#cite_note-pluto_guide-30">[23]</a> Three names topped the list: <a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a>, Pluto and <a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a>. 'Minerva' was the Lowell staff's first choice<a href="#cite_note-S&G-31">[24]</a> but was rejected because it had already been used for <a href="/wiki/93_Minerva" title="93 Minerva">an asteroid</a>; Cronus was disfavored because it was promoted by an unpopular and egocentric astronomer, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Jackson_See" title="Thomas Jefferson Jackson See">Thomas Jefferson Jackson See</a>. A vote was then taken and 'Pluto' was the unanimous choice. To make sure the name stuck, and that the planet would not suffer changes in its name as Uranus had, Lowell Observatory proposed the name to the <a href="/wiki/American_Astronomical_Society" title="American Astronomical Society">American Astronomical Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Royal Astronomical Society">Royal Astronomical Society</a>; both approved it unanimously.<a href="#cite_note-T&M-22">[15]</a>: 136 <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroswell199754–55-32">[25]</a> The name was published on May 1, 1930.<a href="#cite_note-Venetia-33">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[27]</a> The name Pluto had received some 150 nominations among the letters and telegrams sent to Lowell. The first<a href="#cite_note-36">[h]</a> had been from <a href="/wiki/Venetia_Burney" title="Venetia Burney">Venetia Burney</a> (1918–2009), an eleven-year-old schoolgirl in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England, who was interested in <a href="/wiki/Classical_mythology" title="Classical mythology">classical mythology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-T&M-22">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Venetia-33">[26]</a> She had suggested it to her grandfather <a href="/wiki/Falconer_Madan" title="Falconer Madan">Falconer Madan</a> when he read the news of Pluto's discovery to his family over breakfast; Madan passed the suggestion to astronomy professor <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hall_Turner" title="Herbert Hall Turner">Herbert Hall Turner</a>, who cabled it to colleagues at Lowell on March 16, three days after the announcement.<a href="#cite_note-S&G-31">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Venetia-33">[26]</a> The name 'Pluto' was mythologically appropriate: the god Pluto was one of six surviving children of <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn</a>, and the others had already all been chosen as names of major or minor planets (his brothers <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Neptune</a>, and his sisters <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(mythology)" title="Ceres (mythology)">Ceres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juno_(mythology)" title="Juno (mythology)">Juno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vesta_(mythology)" title="Vesta (mythology)">Vesta</a>). Both the god and the planet inhabited "gloomy" regions, and the god was able to make himself invisible, as the planet had been for so long.<a href="#cite_note-37">[29]</a> The choice was further helped by the fact that the first two letters of Pluto were the initials of Percival Lowell; indeed, 'Percival' had been one of the more popular suggestions for a name for the new planet.<a href="#cite_note-S&G-31">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[30]</a> Pluto's <a href="/wiki/Planetary_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary symbol">planetary symbol</a> ⟨<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E2%99%87" title="♇"><img alt="♇" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pluto_monogram_%28fixed_width%29.svg/20px-Pluto_monogram_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pluto_monogram_%28fixed_width%29.svg/30px-Pluto_monogram_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pluto_monogram_%28fixed_width%29.svg/40px-Pluto_monogram_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>⟩ was then created as a <a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">monogram</a> of the letters "PL".<a href="#cite_note-JPL/NASA_Pluto's_Symbol-39">[31]</a> This symbol is rarely used in astronomy anymore,<a href="#cite_note-PL-43">[i]</a> though it is still common in astrology. However, the most common <a href="/wiki/Astrological_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrological symbol">astrological symbol</a> for Pluto, occasionally used in astronomy as well, is an orb (possibly representing Pluto's invisibility cap) over Pluto's <a href="/wiki/Bident" title="Bident">bident</a> ⟨<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E2%AF%93" title="⯓"><img alt="⯓" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/20px-Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/30px-Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/40px-Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>⟩, which dates to the early 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-44">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-bident-48">[j]</a> The name 'Pluto' was soon embraced by wider culture. In 1930, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> was apparently inspired by it when he introduced for <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a> a canine companion named <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(Disney)" title="Pluto (Disney)">Pluto</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> animator <a href="/wiki/Ben_Sharpsteen" title="Ben Sharpsteen">Ben Sharpsteen</a> could not confirm why the name was given.<a href="#cite_note-Heinrichs2006-49">[39]</a> In 1941, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> named the newly created <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">element</a> <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> after Pluto, in keeping with the tradition of naming elements after newly discovered planets, following <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, which was named after Uranus, and <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a>, which was named after Neptune.<a href="#cite_note-ClarkHobart2000-50">[40]</a> Most languages use the name "Pluto" in various transliterations.<a href="#cite_note-51">[k]</a> In Japanese, <a href="/wiki/Houei_Nojiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Houei Nojiri">Houei Nojiri</a> suggested the <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calque</a> Meiōsei (冥王星, "Star of the King (God) of the Underworld"), and this was borrowed into Chinese and Korean. Some <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">languages of India</a> use the name Pluto, but others, such as <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, use the name of <a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a>, the God of Death in Hinduism.<a href="#cite_note-nineplan-52">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian languages</a> also tend to use the indigenous god of the underworld, as in <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> <a href="/wiki/Whiro" title="Whiro">Whiro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nineplan-52">[41]</a> Vietnamese might be expected to follow Chinese, but does not because the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary">Sino-Vietnamese</a> word 冥 minh "dark" is homophonous with 明 minh "bright". Vietnamese instead uses Yama, which is also a Buddhist deity, in the form of Sao Diêm Vương 星閻王 "Yama's Star", derived from Chinese 閻王 <a href="/wiki/Yama_(Buddhism)" title="Yama (Buddhism)">Yán Wáng / Yìhm Wòhng</a> "King Yama".<a href="#cite_note-nineplan-52">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-RenshawIhara2000-53">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bathrobe-54">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planet_X_disproved">Planet X disproved</h3></div> Once Pluto was found, its faintness and lack of a <a href="/wiki/Angular_diameter" title="Angular diameter">viewable disc</a> cast doubt on the idea that it was Lowell's <a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planet X</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tombaugh1946-24">[17]</a> Estimates of Pluto's mass were revised downward throughout the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-55">[44]</a> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="float: right; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center; clear:right;"> <caption>Mass estimates for Pluto </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Mass </th> <th scope="col">Estimate by </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1915 </th> <td><div style="float:left;">7 Earths</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Percival_Lowell" title="Percival Lowell">Lowell</a> (prediction for <a href="/wiki/Planet_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet X">Planet X</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Tombaugh1946-24">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1931 </th> <td><div style="float:left;">1 Earth</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seth_Barnes_Nicholson" title="Seth Barnes Nicholson">Nicholson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_U._Mayall" title="Nicholas U. Mayall">Mayall</a><a href="#cite_note-RAS1931.91-56">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_et_al_1930-57">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_et_al._1931-58">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1948 </th> <td><div style="float:left;">0.1 (1/10) Earth</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Kuiper" title="Gerard Kuiper">Kuiper</a><a href="#cite_note-Kuiper_10.1086/126255-59">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1976 </th> <td><div style="float:left;">0.01 (1/100) Earth</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dale_Cruikshank" title="Dale Cruikshank">Cruikshank</a>, Pilcher, & <a href="/wiki/David_Morrison_(astrophysicist)" title="David Morrison (astrophysicist)">Morrison</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroswell199757-60">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1978 </th> <td><div style="float:left;">0.0015 (1/650) Earth</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_W._Christy" title="James W. Christy">Christy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sutton_Harrington" title="Robert Sutton Harrington">Harrington</a><a href="#cite_note-ChristyHarrington1978-61">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2006 </th> <td><div style="float:left;">0.00218 (1/459) Earth</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marc_W._Buie" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc W. Buie">Buie</a> et al.<a href="#cite_note-BuieGrundyYoung_2006-62">[51]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Astronomers initially calculated its mass based on its presumed effect on Neptune and Uranus. In 1931, Pluto was calculated to be roughly the mass of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, with further calculations in 1948 bringing the mass down to roughly that of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nicholson_et_al_1930-57">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kuiper_10.1086/126255-59">[48]</a> In 1976, Dale Cruikshank, Carl Pilcher and David Morrison of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi" title="University of Hawaiʻi">University of Hawaiʻi</a> calculated Pluto's <a href="/wiki/Albedo#Astronomical_albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a> for the first time, finding that it matched that for methane ice; this meant Pluto had to be exceptionally luminous for its size and therefore could not be more than 1 percent the mass of Earth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroswell199757-60">[49]</a> (Pluto's albedo is 1.4–1.9 times that of Earth.<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a>) In 1978, the discovery of Pluto's moon <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a> allowed the measurement of Pluto's mass for the first time: roughly 0.2% that of Earth, and far too small to account for the discrepancies in the orbit of Uranus. Subsequent searches for an alternative Planet X, notably by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sutton_Harrington" title="Robert Sutton Harrington">Robert Sutton Harrington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SeidelmannHarrington1988-63">[52]</a> failed. In 1992, <a href="/wiki/E._Myles_Standish" title="E. Myles Standish">Myles Standish</a> used data from <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a>'s flyby of Neptune in 1989, which had revised the estimates of Neptune's mass downward by 0.5%—an amount comparable to the mass of Mars—to recalculate its gravitational effect on Uranus. With the new figures added in, the discrepancies, and with them the need for a Planet X, vanished.<a href="#cite_note-Standish1993-64">[53]</a> As of 2000<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pluto&action=edit">[update]</a> the majority of scientists agree that Planet X, as Lowell defined it, does not exist.<a href="#cite_note-Standage2000-65">[54]</a> Lowell had made a prediction of Planet X's orbit and position in 1915 that was fairly close to Pluto's actual orbit and its position at that time; <a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest W. Brown">Ernest W. Brown</a> concluded soon after Pluto's discovery that this was a coincidence.<a href="#cite_note-66">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Definition_of_planet" title="Definition of planet">Definition of planet</a></div> From 1992 onward, many bodies were discovered orbiting in the same volume as Pluto, showing that Pluto is part of a population of objects called the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a>. This made its official status as a planet controversial, with many questioning whether Pluto should be considered together with or separately from its surrounding population. Museum and planetarium directors occasionally created controversy by omitting Pluto from planetary models of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. In February 2000 the <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Planetarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayden Planetarium">Hayden Planetarium</a> in New York City displayed a Solar System model of only eight planets, which made headlines almost a year later.<a href="#cite_note-Tyson2001-67">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/3_Juno" title="3 Juno">Juno</a> and <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a> lost their planet status among most astronomers after the discovery of many other <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a> in the 1840s. On the other hand, planetary geologists often regarded Ceres, and less often Pallas and Vesta, as being different from smaller asteroids because they were large enough to have undergone geological evolution.<a href="#cite_note-metzger19-68">[57]</a> Although the first Kuiper belt objects discovered were quite small, objects increasingly closer in size to Pluto were soon discovered, some large enough (like Pluto itself) to satisfy geological but not dynamical ideas of planethood.<a href="#cite_note-metzger22-69">[58]</a> On July 29, 2005, the debate became unavoidable when astronomers at <a href="/wiki/Caltech" class="mw-redirect" title="Caltech">Caltech</a> announced the discovery of a new <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian object</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a>, which was substantially more massive than Pluto and the most massive object discovered in the Solar System since <a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a> in 1846. Its discoverers and the press initially called it the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenth planet">tenth planet</a>, although there was no official consensus at the time on whether to call it a planet.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-JPL_press_release_07-29-2005-70">[59]</a> Others in the astronomical community considered the discovery the strongest argument for reclassifying Pluto as a minor planet.<a href="#cite_note-71">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IAU_classification">IAU classification</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">IAU definition of planet</a></div> The debate came to a head in August 2006, with an <a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">IAU resolution</a> that created an official definition for the term "planet". According to this resolution, there are three conditions for an object in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> to be considered a planet: <ul><li>The object must be in orbit around the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>.</li> <li>The object must be massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity. More specifically, its own gravity should pull it into a shape defined by <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">hydrostatic equilibrium</a>.</li> <li>It must have <a href="/wiki/Cleared_the_neighborhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleared the neighborhood">cleared the neighborhood</a> around its orbit.<a href="#cite_note-IAU2006_GA26-5-6-72">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-IAU0603-73">[62]</a></li></ul> Pluto fails to meet the third condition.<a href="#cite_note-Margot2015-74">[63]</a> Its mass is substantially less than the combined mass of the other objects in its orbit: 0.07 times, in contrast to Earth, which is 1.7 million times the remaining mass in its orbit (excluding the moon).<a href="#cite_note-what-75">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-IAU0603-73">[62]</a> The IAU further decided that bodies that, like Pluto, meet criteria 1 and 2, but do not meet criterion 3 would be called <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planets</a>. In September 2006, the IAU included Pluto, and Eris and its moon <a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a>, in their <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Catalogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor Planet Catalogue">Minor Planet Catalogue</a>, giving them the official <a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_designation" title="Minor-planet designation">minor-planet designations</a> "(134340) Pluto", "(136199) Eris", and "(136199) Eris I Dysnomia".<a href="#cite_note-IAUC_8747-76">[65]</a> Had Pluto been included upon its discovery in 1930, it would have likely been designated 1164, following <a href="/wiki/1163_Saga" title="1163 Saga">1163 Saga</a>, which was discovered a month earlier.<a href="#cite_note-77">[66]</a> There has been some resistance within the astronomical community toward the reclassification, and in particular planetary scientists often continue to reject it, considering Pluto, Charon, and Eris to be planets for the same reason they do so for Ceres. In effect, this amounts to accepting only the second clause of the IAU definition.<a href="#cite_note-geoff2006c-78">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ruibal-1999-79">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Britt-2006-80">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stern" title="Alan Stern">Alan Stern</a>, principal investigator with <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s New Horizons mission to Pluto, derided the IAU resolution.<a href="#cite_note-geoff2006a-81">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-newscientistspace-82">[71]</a> He also stated that because less than five percent of astronomers voted for it, the decision was not representative of the entire astronomical community.<a href="#cite_note-newscientistspace-82">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marc_W._Buie" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc W. Buie">Marc W. Buie</a>, then at the Lowell Observatory, petitioned against the definition.<a href="#cite_note-Buie2006_IAU_response-83">[72]</a> Others have supported the IAU, for example <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Mike Brown</a>, the astronomer who discovered Eris.<a href="#cite_note-Overbye2006-84">[73]</a> Public reception to the IAU decision was mixed. A resolution introduced in the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">California State Assembly</a> facetiously called the IAU decision a "scientific heresy".<a href="#cite_note-DeVore2006-85">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_House_of_Representatives" title="New Mexico House of Representatives">New Mexico House of Representatives</a> passed a resolution in honor of Clyde Tombaugh, the discoverer of Pluto and a longtime resident of that state, that declared that Pluto will always be considered a planet while in New Mexican skies and that March 13, 2007, was Pluto Planet Day.<a href="#cite_note-Holden2007-86">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gutierrez2007-87">[76]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senate</a> passed a similar resolution in 2009 on the basis that Tombaugh was born in Illinois. The resolution asserted that Pluto was "unfairly downgraded to a 'dwarf' planet" by the IAU."<a href="#cite_note-ILGA_SR0046-88">[77]</a> Some members of the public have also rejected the change, citing the disagreement within the scientific community on the issue, or for sentimental reasons, maintaining that they have always known Pluto as a planet and will continue to do so regardless of the IAU decision.<a href="#cite_note-Sapa-AP-89">[78]</a> In 2006, in its 17th annual words-of-the-year vote, the <a href="/wiki/American_Dialect_Society" title="American Dialect Society">American Dialect Society</a> voted <a href="/wiki/Plutoed" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutoed">plutoed</a> as the word of the year. To "pluto" is to "demote or devalue someone or something".<a href="#cite_note-msnbc-90">[79]</a> In April 2024, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> (where Pluto was first discovered in 1930) passed a law naming Pluto as the official state planet.<a href="#cite_note-91">[80]</a> Researchers on both sides of the debate gathered in August 2008, at the Johns Hopkins University <a href="/wiki/Applied_Physics_Laboratory" title="Applied Physics Laboratory">Applied Physics Laboratory</a> for a conference that included back-to-back talks on the IAU definition of a planet.<a href="#cite_note-Minkel2008-92">[81]</a> Entitled "The Great Planet Debate",<a href="#cite_note-The_Great_Planet_Debate-93">[82]</a> the conference published a post-conference press release indicating that scientists could not come to a consensus about the definition of planet.<a href="#cite_note-PSIedu_press_release_2008-09-19-94">[83]</a> In June 2008, the IAU had announced in a press release that the term "<a href="/wiki/Plutoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutoid">plutoid</a>" would henceforth be used to refer to Pluto and other planetary-mass objects that have an orbital <a href="/wiki/Semi-major_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-major axis">semi-major axis</a> greater than that of Neptune, though the term has not seen significant use.<a href="#cite_note-IAU0804-95">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Discover_2009-JANp76-96">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Science_News,_July_5,_2008_p._7-97">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbit">Orbit</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Pluto_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Animation_of_Pluto_orbit.gif/330px-Animation_of_Pluto_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Animation_of_Pluto_orbit.gif/495px-Animation_of_Pluto_orbit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Animation_of_Pluto_orbit.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Animation of Pluto's orbit from 1850 to 2097 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>   Sun · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   Saturn · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   Uranus · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   Neptune · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   Pluto</figcaption></figure> Pluto's orbital period is about 248 years. Its orbital characteristics are substantially different from those of the planets, which follow nearly circular orbits around the Sun close to a flat reference <a href="/wiki/Plane_(mathematics)" title="Plane (mathematics)">plane</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>. In contrast, Pluto's orbit is moderately <a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">inclined</a> relative to the ecliptic (over 17°) and moderately <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">eccentric</a> (elliptical). This eccentricity means a small region of Pluto's orbit lies closer to the Sun than Neptune's. The Pluto–Charon barycenter came to <a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">perihelion</a> on September 5, 1989,<a href="#cite_note-jpl-ssd-horizons-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perihelion-98">[l]</a> and was last closer to the Sun than Neptune between February 7, 1979, and February 11, 1999.<a href="#cite_note-pluto990209-99">[87]</a> Although the 3:2 resonance with Neptune (see below) is maintained, Pluto's inclination and eccentricity behave in a <a href="/wiki/Chaos_theory" title="Chaos theory">chaotic</a> manner. Computer simulations can be used to predict its position for several million years (both <a href="/wiki/Time_reversibility" title="Time reversibility">forward and backward</a> in time), but after intervals much longer than the <a href="/wiki/Lyapunov_time" title="Lyapunov time">Lyapunov time</a> of 10–20 million years, calculations become unreliable: Pluto is sensitive to immeasurably small details of the Solar System, hard-to-predict factors that will gradually change Pluto's position in its orbit.<a href="#cite_note-sussman88-100">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-wisdom91-101">[89]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Semi-major_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-major axis">semi-major axis</a> of Pluto's orbit varies between about 39.3 and 39.6 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> with a period of about 19,951 years, corresponding to an orbital period varying between 246 and 249 years. The semi-major axis and period are presently getting longer.<a href="#cite_note-williams71-102">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Neptune">Relationship with Neptune </h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plutoorbit1.5sideview.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Plutoorbit1.5sideview.gif/220px-Plutoorbit1.5sideview.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Plutoorbit1.5sideview.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="247" /></a><figcaption>Orbit of Pluto – ecliptic view. This "side view" of Pluto's orbit (in red) shows its large inclination to the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>. Neptune is seen orbiting close to the ecliptic.</figcaption></figure> Despite Pluto's orbit appearing to cross that of Neptune when viewed from north or south of the Solar System, the two objects' orbits do not intersect. When Pluto is closest to the Sun, and close to Neptune's orbit as viewed from such a position, it is also the farthest north of Neptune's path. Pluto's orbit passes about 8 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> north of that of Neptune, preventing a collision.<a href="#cite_note-huainn01-103">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hunter2004-104">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-malhotra-9planets-105">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[m]</a> This alone is not enough to protect Pluto; <a href="/wiki/Perturbation_(astronomy)" title="Perturbation (astronomy)">perturbations</a> from the planets (especially Neptune) could alter Pluto's orbit (such as its <a href="/wiki/Apsidal_precession" title="Apsidal precession">orbital precession</a>) over millions of years so that a collision could happen. However, Pluto is also protected by its 2:3 <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonance</a> with <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>: for every two orbits that Pluto makes around the Sun, Neptune makes three, in a frame of reference that rotates at the rate that Pluto's perihelion precesses (about 0.97×10−4 degrees per year<a href="#cite_note-williams71-102">[90]</a>). Each cycle lasts about 495 years. (There are many other objects in this same resonance, called <a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">plutinos</a>.) At present, in each 495-year cycle, the first time Pluto is at <a href="/wiki/Perihelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion">perihelion</a> (such as in 1989), Neptune is 57° ahead of Pluto. By Pluto's second passage through perihelion, Neptune will have completed a further one and a half of its own orbits, and will be 123° behind Pluto.<a href="#cite_note-Horizons-108">[95]</a> Pluto and Neptune's minimum separation is over 17 AU, which is greater than Pluto's minimum separation from Uranus (11 AU).<a href="#cite_note-malhotra-9planets-105">[93]</a> The minimum separation between Pluto and Neptune actually occurs near the time of Pluto's aphelion.<a href="#cite_note-williams71-102">[90]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neptune-Pluto_longitude_difference.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Neptune-Pluto_longitude_difference.png/400px-Neptune-Pluto_longitude_difference.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Neptune-Pluto_longitude_difference.png/600px-Neptune-Pluto_longitude_difference.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Neptune-Pluto_longitude_difference.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Ecliptic longitude of Neptune minus that of Pluto (blue), and rate of change of Pluto's distance from the sun (red). The red curve crosses zero at perihelion and aphelion.</figcaption></figure> The 2:3 resonance between the two bodies is highly stable and has been preserved over millions of years.<a href="#cite_note-sp-345-109">[96]</a> This prevents their orbits from changing relative to one another, so the two bodies can never pass near each other. Even if Pluto's orbit were not inclined, the two bodies could never collide.<a href="#cite_note-malhotra-9planets-105">[93]</a> When Pluto's period is slightly different from 3/2 of Neptune's, the pattern of its distance from Neptune will drift. Near perihelion Pluto moves interior to Neptune's orbit and is therefore moving faster, so during the first of two orbits in the 495-year cycle, it is approaching Neptune from behind. At present it remains between 50° and 65° behind Neptune for 100 years (e.g. 1937–2036).<a href="#cite_note-Horizons-108">[95]</a> The gravitational pull between the two causes <a href="/wiki/Angular_momentum" title="Angular momentum">angular momentum</a> to be transferred to Pluto. This situation moves Pluto into a slightly larger orbit, where it has a slightly longer period, according to <a href="/wiki/Kepler%27s_third_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler's third law">Kepler's third law</a>. After several such repetitions, Pluto is sufficiently delayed that at the second perihelion of each cycle it will not be far ahead of Neptune coming behind it, and Neptune will start to decrease Pluto's period again. The whole cycle takes about 20,000 years to complete.<a href="#cite_note-malhotra-9planets-105">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-sp-345-109">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen_Hubbard_1965-110">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_factors">Other factors</h4></div> Numerical studies have shown that over millions of years, the general nature of the alignment between the orbits of Pluto and Neptune does not change.<a href="#cite_note-huainn01-103">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-williams71-102">[90]</a> There are several other resonances and interactions that enhance Pluto's stability. These arise principally from two additional mechanisms (besides the 2:3 mean-motion resonance). First, Pluto's <a href="/wiki/Argument_of_perihelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Argument of perihelion">argument of perihelion</a>, the angle between the point where it crosses the ecliptic (or the <a href="/wiki/Invariant_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Invariant plane">invariant plane</a>) and the point where it is closest to the Sun, <a href="/wiki/Libration" title="Libration">librates</a> around 90°.<a href="#cite_note-williams71-102">[90]</a> This means that when Pluto is closest to the Sun, it is at its farthest north of the plane of the Solar System, preventing encounters with Neptune. This is a consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Kozai_mechanism" title="Kozai mechanism">Kozai mechanism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-huainn01-103">[91]</a> which relates the eccentricity of an orbit to its inclination to a larger perturbing body—in this case, Neptune. Relative to Neptune, the amplitude of libration is 38°, and so the angular separation of Pluto's perihelion to the orbit of Neptune is always greater than 52° (90°–38°). The closest such angular separation occurs every 10,000 years.<a href="#cite_note-sp-345-109">[96]</a> Second, the longitudes of ascending nodes of the two bodies—the points where they cross the <a href="/wiki/Invariant_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Invariant plane">invariant plane</a>—are in near-resonance with the above libration. When the two longitudes are the same—that is, when one could draw a straight line through both nodes and the Sun—Pluto's perihelion lies exactly at 90°, and hence it comes closest to the Sun when it is furthest north of Neptune's orbit. This is known as the 1:1 superresonance. All the <a href="/wiki/Jovian_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovian planets">Jovian planets</a> (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) play a role in the creation of the superresonance.<a href="#cite_note-huainn01-103">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rotation">Rotation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_rotation_movie2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Pluto_rotation_movie2.gif" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="130" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Pluto's <a href="/wiki/Rotation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotation period">rotation period</a>, its day, is equal to 6.387 <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> days.<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-axis-111">[98]</a> Like <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a> and <a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">2 Pallas</a>, Pluto rotates on its "side" in its orbital plane, with an axial tilt of 120°, and so its seasonal variation is extreme; at its <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstices</a>, one-fourth of its surface is in continuous daylight, whereas another fourth is in continuous darkness.<a href="#cite_note-Oregon-112">[99]</a> The reason for this unusual orientation has been debated. Research from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> has suggested that it may be due to the way that a body's spin will always adjust to minimize energy. This could mean a body reorienting itself to put extraneous mass near the equator and regions lacking mass tend towards the poles. This is called <a href="/wiki/Polar_wander" title="Polar wander">polar wander</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[100]</a> According to a paper released from the University of Arizona, this could be caused by masses of frozen nitrogen building up in shadowed areas of the dwarf planet. These masses would cause the body to reorient itself, leading to its unusual axial tilt of 120°. The buildup of nitrogen is due to Pluto's vast distance from the Sun. At the equator, temperatures can drop to −240 °C (−400.0 °F; 33.1 K), causing nitrogen to freeze as water would freeze on Earth. The same polar wandering effect seen on Pluto would be observed on Earth were the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_ice_sheet" title="Antarctic ice sheet">Antarctic ice sheet</a> several times larger.<a href="#cite_note-114">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pluto" title="Geology of Pluto">Geology of Pluto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pluto" title="Geography of Pluto">Geography of Pluto</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surface">Surface</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto%E2%80%99s_Heart_-_Like_a_Cosmic_Lava_Lamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pluto%E2%80%99s_Heart_-_Like_a_Cosmic_Lava_Lamp.jpg/220px-Pluto%E2%80%99s_Heart_-_Like_a_Cosmic_Lava_Lamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pluto%E2%80%99s_Heart_-_Like_a_Cosmic_Lava_Lamp.jpg/330px-Pluto%E2%80%99s_Heart_-_Like_a_Cosmic_Lava_Lamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pluto%E2%80%99s_Heart_-_Like_a_Cosmic_Lava_Lamp.jpg/440px-Pluto%E2%80%99s_Heart_-_Like_a_Cosmic_Lava_Lamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption>Sputnik Planitia is covered with churning nitrogen ice "cells" that are geologically young and turning over due to <a href="/wiki/Convection_cell" title="Convection cell">convection</a>.</figcaption></figure> The plains on Pluto's surface are composed of more than 98 percent <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen ice">nitrogen ice</a>, with traces of methane and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tobias-115">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> and carbon monoxide are most abundant on the anti-Charon face of Pluto (around 180° longitude, where <a href="/wiki/Tombaugh_Regio" title="Tombaugh Regio">Tombaugh Regio</a>'s western lobe, <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Planitia" title="Sputnik Planitia">Sputnik Planitia</a>, is located), whereas methane is most abundant near 300° east.<a href="#cite_note-Grundy_2013-116">[103]</a> The mountains are made of water ice.<a href="#cite_note-drake-natgeo-117">[104]</a> Pluto's surface is quite varied, with large differences in both brightness and color.<a href="#cite_note-Buie_2010_light_curve-118">[105]</a> Pluto is one of the most contrastive bodies in the Solar System, with as much contrast as <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>'s moon <a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)" title="Iapetus (moon)">Iapetus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Buie_web_map-119">[106]</a> The color varies from charcoal black, to dark orange and white.<a href="#cite_note-Hubble2010-120">[107]</a> Pluto's color is more similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a> with slightly more orange and significantly less red than <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Buie_2010_surface-maps-121">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pluto" title="Geography of Pluto">Notable geographical features</a> include Tombaugh Regio, or the "Heart" (a large bright area on the side opposite Charon), <a href="/wiki/Belton_Regio" title="Belton Regio">Belton Regio</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_System_after_New_Horizons-8">[6]</a> or the "Whale" (a large dark area on the trailing hemisphere), and the "<a href="/wiki/Brass_Knuckles_(Pluto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brass Knuckles (Pluto)">Brass Knuckles</a>" (a series of equatorial dark areas on the leading hemisphere). Sputnik Planitia, the western lobe of the "Heart", is a 1,000 km-wide basin of frozen nitrogen and carbon monoxide ices, divided into polygonal cells, which are interpreted as <a href="/wiki/Convection_cell" title="Convection cell">convection cells</a> that carry floating blocks of water ice crust and <a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)" title="Sublimation (phase transition)">sublimation</a> pits towards their margins;<a href="#cite_note-lakdawalla-DPS-2016-10-26-122">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2016-123">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Trowbridge2016-124">[111]</a> there are obvious signs of glacial flows both into and out of the basin.<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_updates-125">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Umurhan2016-01-08-126">[113]</a> It has no craters that were visible to New Horizons, indicating that its surface is less than 10 million years old.<a href="#cite_note-Marchis2016-127">[114]</a> Latest studies have shown that the surface has an age of 180000+90000 −40000 years.<a href="#cite_note-LPSC2017Buhler-128">[115]</a> The New Horizons science team summarized initial findings as "Pluto displays a surprisingly wide variety of geological landforms, including those resulting from <a href="/wiki/Glaciological" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciological">glaciological</a> and surface–atmosphere interactions as well as impact, <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonic</a>, possible <a href="/wiki/Cryovolcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryovolcanic">cryovolcanic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mass_wasting" title="Mass wasting">mass-wasting</a> processes."<a href="#cite_note-Stern2015-9">[7]</a> In Western parts of Sputnik Planitia there are fields of <a href="/wiki/Transverse_dunes" class="mw-redirect" title="Transverse dunes">transverse dunes</a> formed by the winds blowing from the center of Sputnik Planitia in the direction of surrounding mountains. The dune wavelengths are in the range of 0.4–1 km and likely consist of methane particles 200–300 μm in size.<a href="#cite_note-Brown2018-129">[116]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto-01_Stern_03_Pluto_Color_TXT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Multispectral Visual Imaging Camera image of Pluto in enhanced color to bring out differences in surface composition"><img alt="Multispectral Visual Imaging Camera image of Pluto in enhanced color to bring out differences in surface composition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pluto-01_Stern_03_Pluto_Color_TXT.jpg/240px-Pluto-01_Stern_03_Pluto_Color_TXT.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pluto-01_Stern_03_Pluto_Color_TXT.jpg/360px-Pluto-01_Stern_03_Pluto_Color_TXT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pluto-01_Stern_03_Pluto_Color_TXT.jpg/480px-Pluto-01_Stern_03_Pluto_Color_TXT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Multispectral Visual Imaging Camera image of Pluto in enhanced color to bring out differences in surface composition</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_Charon_crater_map_Robbins_Dones_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Distribution of numerous impact craters and basins on both Pluto and Charon. The variation in density (with none found in Sputnik Planitia) indicates a long history of varying geological activity. Precisely for this reason, the confidence of numerous craters on Pluto remain uncertain.[117] The lack of craters on the left and right of each map is due to low-resolution coverage of those anti-encounter regions."><img alt="Distribution of numerous impact craters and basins on both Pluto and Charon. The variation in density (with none found in Sputnik Planitia) indicates a long history of varying geological activity. Precisely for this reason, the confidence of numerous craters on Pluto remain uncertain.[117] The lack of craters on the left and right of each map is due to low-resolution coverage of those anti-encounter regions." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pluto_Charon_crater_map_Robbins_Dones_2023.jpg/246px-Pluto_Charon_crater_map_Robbins_Dones_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pluto_Charon_crater_map_Robbins_Dones_2023.jpg/369px-Pluto_Charon_crater_map_Robbins_Dones_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pluto_Charon_crater_map_Robbins_Dones_2023.jpg/492px-Pluto_Charon_crater_map_Robbins_Dones_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="1775" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Distribution of numerous impact craters and basins on both Pluto and Charon. The variation in density (with none found in <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Planitia" title="Sputnik Planitia">Sputnik Planitia</a>) indicates a long history of varying geological activity. Precisely for this reason, the confidence of numerous craters on Pluto remain uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-Robbins2023-130">[117]</a> The lack of craters on the left and right of each map is due to low-resolution coverage of those anti-encounter regions.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 262px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto%27s_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geologic map of Sputnik Planitia and surroundings (context), with convection cell margins outlined in black"><img alt="Geologic map of Sputnik Planitia and surroundings (context), with convection cell margins outlined in black" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto%27s_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_%28cropped%29.jpg/390px-Pluto%27s_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto%27s_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_%28cropped%29.jpg/585px-Pluto%27s_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto%27s_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_%28cropped%29.jpg/780px-Pluto%27s_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5200" data-file-height="3200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Geologic map of Sputnik Planitia and surroundings (<a href="/wiki/File:Pluto%27s_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_-_context.jpg" title="File:Pluto's Sputnik Planum geologic map - context.jpg">context</a>), with <a href="/wiki/Convection_cell" title="Convection cell">convection cell</a> margins outlined in black</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 406.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 404.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NH-Pluto-WaterIceDetected-BlueRegions-Released-20151008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regions where water ice has been detected (blue regions)"><img alt="Regions where water ice has been detected (blue regions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/NH-Pluto-WaterIceDetected-BlueRegions-Released-20151008.jpg/607px-NH-Pluto-WaterIceDetected-BlueRegions-Released-20151008.jpg" decoding="async" width="405" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/NH-Pluto-WaterIceDetected-BlueRegions-Released-20151008.jpg/910px-NH-Pluto-WaterIceDetected-BlueRegions-Released-20151008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/NH-Pluto-WaterIceDetected-BlueRegions-Released-20151008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="390" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regions where water ice has been detected (blue regions)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_structure">Internal structure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Life on Pluto" redirects here. For fiction about aliens from Pluto, see <a href="/wiki/Life_on_Pluto_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Life on Pluto in fiction">Life on Pluto in fiction</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto%27s_internal_structure2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Pluto%27s_internal_structure2.jpg/220px-Pluto%27s_internal_structure2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Pluto%27s_internal_structure2.jpg/330px-Pluto%27s_internal_structure2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Pluto%27s_internal_structure2.jpg/440px-Pluto%27s_internal_structure2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2803" data-file-height="2098" /></a><figcaption>Model of the internal structure of Pluto<a href="#cite_note-Hussmann2006-131">[118]</a><div><ul><li>Water ice crust</li><li>Liquid water ocean</li><li>Silicate core</li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> Pluto's density is 1.853±0.004 g/cm3.<a href="#cite_note-Brozovic2024-12">[8]</a> Because the decay of radioactive elements would eventually heat the ices enough for the rock to separate from them, scientists expect that Pluto's internal structure is differentiated, with the rocky material having settled into a dense <a href="/wiki/Core_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Core (geology)">core</a> surrounded by a <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a> of water ice. The pre–New Horizons estimate for the diameter of the core is 1700 km, 70% of Pluto's diameter.<a href="#cite_note-Hussmann2006-131">[118]</a> It is possible that such heating continues, creating a <a href="/wiki/Subsurface_ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsurface ocean">subsurface ocean</a> of liquid water 100 to 180 km thick at the core–mantle boundary.<a href="#cite_note-Hussmann2006-131">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-pluto.jhuapl_Inside_Story-132">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sci_Am_2017-133">[120]</a> In September 2016, scientists at <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> simulated the impact thought to have formed <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Planitia" title="Sputnik Planitia">Sputnik Planitia</a>, and showed that it might have been the result of liquid water upweling from below after the collision, implying the existence of a subsurface ocean at least 100 km deep.<a href="#cite_note-134">[121]</a> In June 2020, astronomers reported evidence that Pluto may have had a <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">subsurface ocean</a>, and consequently may have been <a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">habitable</a>, when it was first formed.<a href="#cite_note-INV-20200622-135">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-NGS-20200622-136">[123]</a> In March 2022, a team of researchers proposed that the mountains <a href="/wiki/Wright_Mons" title="Wright Mons">Wright Mons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piccard_Mons" title="Piccard Mons">Piccard Mons</a> are actually a merger of many smaller cryovolcanic domes, suggesting a source of heat on the body at levels previously thought not possible.<a href="#cite_note-137">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mass_and_size">Mass and size</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto,_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pluto%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/220px-Pluto%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pluto%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/330px-Pluto%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pluto%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/440px-Pluto%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2026" /></a><figcaption>Pluto (bottom left) compared in size to the Earth and the Moon</figcaption></figure>Pluto's diameter is 2376.6±3.2 km<a href="#cite_note-Nimmo2017-7">[5]</a> and its mass is (1.303±0.003)×1022 kg, 17.7% that of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> (0.22% that of Earth).<a href="#cite_note-Davies2001-138">[125]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/Surface_area" title="Surface area">surface area</a> is 1.774443×107 km2, or just slightly bigger than Russia or <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> (particularly including the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_sea_ice" title="Antarctic sea ice">Antarctic sea ice</a> during winter). Its <a href="/wiki/Surface_gravity" title="Surface gravity">surface gravity</a> is 0.063 g (compared to 1 g for Earth and 0.17 g for the Moon).<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a> This gives Pluto an escape velocity of 4,363.2 km per hour / 2,711.167 miles per hour (as compared to Earth's 40,270 km per hour / 25,020 miles per hour). Pluto is more than twice the diameter and a dozen times the mass of <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>, the largest object in the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">asteroid belt</a>. It is less massive than the dwarf planet <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian object</a> discovered in 2005, though Pluto has a larger diameter of 2,376.6 km<a href="#cite_note-Nimmo2017-7">[5]</a> compared to Eris's approximate diameter of 2,326 km.<a href="#cite_note-NewHorizons_PlutoSize-139">[126]</a> With less than 0.2 lunar masses, Pluto is much less massive than the <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">terrestrial planets</a>, and also less massive than seven <a href="/wiki/Moons" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons">moons</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon)">Callisto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a>. The mass is much less than thought before Charon was discovered.<a href="#cite_note-140">[127]</a> The discovery of Pluto's satellite <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a> in 1978 enabled a determination of the mass of the Pluto–Charon system by application of <a href="/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion#Third_law" title="Kepler's laws of planetary motion">Newton's formulation of Kepler's third law</a>. Observations of Pluto in <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occultation</a> with Charon allowed scientists to establish Pluto's diameter more accurately, whereas the invention of <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_optics" title="Adaptive optics">adaptive optics</a> allowed them to determine its shape more accurately.<a href="#cite_note-Close_2000-141">[128]</a> Determinations of Pluto's size have been complicated by its atmosphere<a href="#cite_note-Young2007-142">[129]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> haze.<a href="#cite_note-Plutosize-143">[130]</a> In March 2014, Lellouch, de Bergh et al. published findings regarding methane mixing ratios in Pluto's atmosphere consistent with a Plutonian diameter greater than 2,360 km, with a "best guess" of 2,368 km.<a href="#cite_note-Lellouch_2015-144">[131]</a> On July 13, 2015, images from NASA's New Horizons mission <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Imager" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Imager">Long Range Reconnaissance Imager</a> (LORRI), along with data from the other instruments, determined Pluto's diameter to be 2,370 km (1,473 mi),<a href="#cite_note-NewHorizons_PlutoSize-139">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-emily-145">[132]</a> which was later revised to be 2,372 km (1,474 mi) on July 24,<a href="#cite_note-NHPC_20150724-146">[133]</a> and later to 2374±8 km.<a href="#cite_note-Stern2015-9">[7]</a> Using <a href="/wiki/Radio_occultation" title="Radio occultation">radio occultation</a> data from the New Horizons Radio Science Experiment (REX), the diameter was found to be 2376.6±3.2 km.<a href="#cite_note-Nimmo2017-7">[5]</a> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:440px"><div class="center noresize" style="width:440px;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">The masses of Pluto and Charon compared to other dwarf planets (<a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>) and to the icy moons Triton (Neptune I), Titania (Uranus III), Oberon (Uranus IV), Rhea (Saturn V) and Iapetus (Saturn VIII). The unit of mass is ×1021 kg.</div></div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atmosphere">Atmosphere</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Pluto" title="Atmosphere of Pluto">Atmosphere of Pluto</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA21590_%E2%80%93_Blue_Rays,_New_Horizons%27_High-Res_Farewell_to_Pluto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PIA21590_%E2%80%93_Blue_Rays%2C_New_Horizons%27_High-Res_Farewell_to_Pluto.jpg/280px-PIA21590_%E2%80%93_Blue_Rays%2C_New_Horizons%27_High-Res_Farewell_to_Pluto.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PIA21590_%E2%80%93_Blue_Rays%2C_New_Horizons%27_High-Res_Farewell_to_Pluto.jpg/420px-PIA21590_%E2%80%93_Blue_Rays%2C_New_Horizons%27_High-Res_Farewell_to_Pluto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PIA21590_%E2%80%93_Blue_Rays%2C_New_Horizons%27_High-Res_Farewell_to_Pluto.jpg/560px-PIA21590_%E2%80%93_Blue_Rays%2C_New_Horizons%27_High-Res_Farewell_to_Pluto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A near-true-color image taken by New Horizons after its flyby. Numerous layers of blue haze float in Pluto's atmosphere. Along and near the limb, mountains and their shadows are visible.</figcaption></figure>Pluto has a tenuous <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> consisting of <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> (N2), <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO), which are in <a href="/wiki/Equilibrium_vapor_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrium vapor pressure">equilibrium with their ices</a> on Pluto's surface.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20150724-ap-147">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-Croswell1992-148">[135]</a> According to the measurements by New Horizons, the surface pressure is about 1 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">Pa</a> (10 <a href="/wiki/%CE%9Cbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Μbar">μbar</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Stern2015-9">[7]</a> roughly one million to 100,000 times less than Earth's atmospheric pressure. It was initially thought that, as Pluto moves away from the Sun, its atmosphere should gradually freeze onto the surface; studies of New Horizons data and ground-based occultations show that Pluto's atmospheric density increases, and that it likely remains gaseous throughout Pluto's orbit.<a href="#cite_note-Olkin_2015-149">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-skyandtel-150">[137]</a> New Horizons observations showed that atmospheric escape of nitrogen to be 10,000 times less than expected.<a href="#cite_note-skyandtel-150">[137]</a> Alan Stern has contended that even a small increase in Pluto's surface temperature can lead to exponential increases in Pluto's atmospheric density; from 18 hPa to as much as 280 hPa (three times that of Mars to a quarter that of the Earth). At such densities, nitrogen could flow across the surface as liquid.<a href="#cite_note-skyandtel-150">[137]</a> Just like sweat cools the body as it evaporates from the skin, the <a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)" title="Sublimation (phase transition)">sublimation</a> of Pluto's atmosphere cools its surface.<a href="#cite_note-KerThan2006-CNN-151">[138]</a> Pluto has no or almost no <a href="/wiki/Troposphere" title="Troposphere">troposphere</a>; observations by New Horizons suggest only a thin tropospheric <a href="/wiki/Planetary_boundary_layer" title="Planetary boundary layer">boundary layer</a>. Its thickness in the place of measurement was 4 km, and the temperature was 37±3 K. The layer is not continuous.<a href="#cite_note-Gladstone_2016-152">[139]</a> In July 2019, an occultation by Pluto showed that its atmospheric pressure, against expectations, had fallen by 20% since 2016.<a href="#cite_note-153">[140]</a> In 2021, astronomers at the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Research_Institute" title="Southwest Research Institute">Southwest Research Institute</a> confirmed the result using data from an occultation in 2018, which showed that light was appearing less gradually from behind Pluto's disc, indicating a thinning atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-154">[141]</a> The presence of methane, a powerful <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a>, in Pluto's atmosphere creates a <a href="/wiki/Temperature_inversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperature inversion">temperature inversion</a>, with the average temperature of its atmosphere tens of degrees warmer than its surface,<a href="#cite_note-Lellouch_2009-155">[142]</a> though observations by New Horizons have revealed Pluto's upper atmosphere to be far colder than expected (70 K, as opposed to about 100 K).<a href="#cite_note-skyandtel-150">[137]</a> Pluto's atmosphere is divided into roughly 20 regularly spaced haze layers up to 150 km high,<a href="#cite_note-Stern2015-9">[7]</a> thought to be the result of pressure waves created by airflow across Pluto's mountains.<a href="#cite_note-skyandtel-150">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_satellites">Natural satellites</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Moons of Pluto</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto-Charon_system-new.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pluto-Charon_system-new.gif/280px-Pluto-Charon_system-new.gif" decoding="async" width="280" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pluto-Charon_system-new.gif/420px-Pluto-Charon_system-new.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pluto-Charon_system-new.gif/560px-Pluto-Charon_system-new.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>An oblique view of the Pluto–Charon system, showing that Pluto orbits a point outside itself. The two bodies are mutually <a href="/wiki/Tidally_locked" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidally locked">tidally locked</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nh-pluto_moons_family_portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nh-pluto_moons_family_portrait.png/220px-Nh-pluto_moons_family_portrait.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nh-pluto_moons_family_portrait.png/330px-Nh-pluto_moons_family_portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nh-pluto_moons_family_portrait.png/440px-Nh-pluto_moons_family_portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Five known moons of Pluto to scale</figcaption></figure> Pluto has five known <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">natural satellites</a>. The largest and closest to Pluto is <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a>. First identified in 1978 by astronomer <a href="/wiki/James_Christy" class="mw-redirect" title="James Christy">James Christy</a>, Charon is the only moon of Pluto that may be in <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">hydrostatic equilibrium</a>. Charon's mass is sufficient to cause the barycenter of the Pluto–Charon system to be outside Pluto. Beyond Charon there are four much smaller <a href="/wiki/Circumbinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumbinary">circumbinary</a> moons. In order of distance from Pluto they are Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. <a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a> were both discovered in 2005,<a href="#cite_note-Gugliotta2005-156">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a> was discovered in 2011,<a href="#cite_note-P4-157">[144]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a> was discovered in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-158">[145]</a> The satellites' orbits are circular (eccentricity < 0.006) and coplanar with Pluto's equator (inclination < 1°),<a href="#cite_note-Buie2012-159">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-ShowalterHamilton2015-160">[147]</a> and therefore tilted approximately 120° relative to Pluto's orbit. The Plutonian system is highly compact: the five known satellites orbit within the inner 3% of the region where <a href="/wiki/Prograde_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Prograde orbit">prograde orbits</a> would be stable.<a href="#cite_note-Sternetal_2005-161">[148]</a> The orbital periods of all Pluto's moons are linked in a system of <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonances</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance#Coincidental_'near'_ratios_of_mean_motion" title="Orbital resonance">near-resonances</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ShowalterHamilton2015-160">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-Witze2015-162">[149]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Apsidal_precession" title="Apsidal precession">precession</a> is accounted for, the orbital periods of Styx, Nix, and Hydra are in an exact 18:22:33 ratio.<a href="#cite_note-ShowalterHamilton2015-160">[147]</a> There is a sequence of approximate ratios, 3:4:5:6, between the periods of Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra with that of Charon; the ratios become closer to being exact the further out the moons are.<a href="#cite_note-ShowalterHamilton2015-160">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matson-163">[150]</a> The Pluto–Charon system is one of the few in the Solar System whose barycenter lies outside the primary body; the <a href="/wiki/617_Patroclus" title="617 Patroclus">Patroclus–Menoetius</a> system is a smaller example, and the <a href="/wiki/Jupiter#Size_and_mass" title="Jupiter">Sun–Jupiter</a> system is the only larger one.<a href="#cite_note-RichardsonWalsh2005-164">[151]</a> The similarity in size of Charon and Pluto has prompted some astronomers to call it a <a href="/wiki/Double_planet" title="Double planet">double dwarf planet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sicardyetal2006nature-165">[152]</a> The system is also unusual among planetary systems in that each is <a href="/wiki/Tidally_locked" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidally locked">tidally locked</a> to the other, which means that Pluto and Charon always have the same hemisphere facing each other — a property shared by only one other known system, <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Szakats2022-166">[153]</a> From any position on either body, the other is always at the same position in the sky, or always obscured.<a href="#cite_note-Young1997-167">[154]</a> This also means that the rotation period of each is equal to the time it takes the entire system to rotate around its barycenter.<a href="#cite_note-axis-111">[98]</a> Pluto's moons are hypothesized to have been formed by a collision between Pluto and a similar-sized body, early in the history of the Solar System. The collision released material that consolidated into the moons around Pluto.<a href="#cite_note-nasa.gov-168">[155]</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</h3></div> In 2012, it was calculated that <a href="/wiki/15810_Arawn" title="15810 Arawn">15810 Arawn</a> could be a <a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">quasi-satellite</a> of Pluto, a specific type of co-orbital configuration.<a href="#cite_note-quasi-169">[156]</a> According to the calculations, the object would be a quasi-satellite of Pluto for about 350,000 years out of every two-million-year period.<a href="#cite_note-quasi-169">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-S&T-170">[157]</a> Measurements made by the New Horizons spacecraft in 2015 made it possible to calculate the orbit of Arawn more accurately,<a href="#cite_note-2016maynasa-171">[158]</a> and confirmed the earlier ones.<a href="#cite_note-analemma-172">[159]</a> However, it is not agreed upon among astronomers whether Arawn should be classified as a quasi-satellite of Pluto based on its orbital dynamics, since its orbit is primarily controlled by Neptune with only occasional perturbations by Pluto.<a href="#cite_note-porter_et_al_2016-173">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-2016maynasa-171">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-analemma-172">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin </h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nice_model" title="Nice model">Nice model</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png/220px-Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png/330px-Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png/440px-Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png 2x" data-file-width="2708" data-file-height="2656" /></a><figcaption>Plot of the known Kuiper belt objects, set against the four <a href="/wiki/Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">giant planets</a></figcaption></figure> Pluto's origin and identity had long puzzled astronomers. One early hypothesis was that Pluto was an escaped moon of Neptune<a href="#cite_note-174">[161]</a> knocked out of orbit by Neptune's largest moon, Triton. This idea was eventually rejected after dynamical studies showed it to be impossible because Pluto never approaches Neptune in its orbit.<a href="#cite_note-175">[162]</a> Pluto's true place in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> began to reveal itself only in 1992, when astronomers began to find small icy objects beyond Neptune that were similar to Pluto not only in orbit but also in size and composition. This trans-Neptunian population is thought to be the source of many <a href="/wiki/Short-period_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Short-period comet">short-period comets</a>. Pluto is the largest member of the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wiki-kbo-176">[n]</a> a stable belt of objects located between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun. As of 2011, surveys of the Kuiper belt to magnitude 21 were nearly complete and any remaining Pluto-sized objects are expected to be beyond 100 AU from the Sun.<a href="#cite_note-Sheppard2011-177">[163]</a> Like other Kuiper-belt objects (KBOs), Pluto shares features with <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a>; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> is gradually blowing Pluto's surface into space.<a href="#cite_note-pluto.jhuapl_cousin-178">[164]</a> It has been claimed that if Pluto were placed as near to the Sun as Earth, it would develop a tail, as comets do.<a href="#cite_note-Tyson1999-179">[165]</a> This claim has been disputed with the argument that Pluto's escape velocity is too high for this to happen.<a href="#cite_note-180">[166]</a> It has been proposed that Pluto may have formed as a result of the agglomeration of numerous comets and Kuiper-belt objects.<a href="#cite_note-SP-20180524-181">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20180524-182">[168]</a> Though Pluto is the largest Kuiper belt object discovered,<a href="#cite_note-Plutosize-143">[130]</a> Neptune's moon <a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a>, which is larger than Pluto, is similar to it both geologically and atmospherically, and is thought to be a captured Kuiper belt object.<a href="#cite_note-PlanetaryOrg_Triton-183">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> (<a href="#Classification">see above</a>) is about the same size as Pluto (though more massive) but is not strictly considered a member of the Kuiper belt population. Rather, it is considered a member of a linked population called the <a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">scattered disc</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GallardoBrunini-184">[170]</a> Like other members of the Kuiper belt, Pluto is thought to be a residual <a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">planetesimal</a>; a component of the original <a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoplanetary disc">protoplanetary disc</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> that failed to fully coalesce into a full-fledged planet. Most astronomers agree that Pluto owes its position to a <a href="/wiki/Planetary_migration" title="Planetary migration">sudden migration</a> undergone by Neptune early in the Solar System's formation. As Neptune migrated outward, it approached the objects in the proto-Kuiper belt, setting one in orbit around itself (Triton), locking others into resonances, and knocking others into chaotic orbits. The objects in the <a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">scattered disc</a>, a dynamically unstable region overlapping the Kuiper belt, are thought to have been placed in their positions by interactions with Neptune's migrating resonances.<a href="#cite_note-Hahn2005-185">[171]</a> A computer model created in 2004 by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Morbidelli_(astronomer)" title="Alessandro Morbidelli (astronomer)">Alessandro Morbidelli</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Observatoire_de_la_C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" class="mw-redirect" title="Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur">Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> suggested that the migration of Neptune into the Kuiper belt may have been triggered by the formation of a 1:2 resonance between Jupiter and Saturn, which created a gravitational push that propelled both Uranus and Neptune into higher orbits and caused them to switch places, ultimately doubling Neptune's distance from the Sun. The resultant expulsion of objects from the proto-Kuiper belt could also explain the <a href="/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment" title="Late Heavy Bombardment">Late Heavy Bombardment</a> 600 million years after the Solar System's formation and the origin of the <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_trojan" title="Jupiter trojan">Jupiter trojans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Levison2007-186">[172]</a> It is possible that Pluto had a near-circular orbit about 33 AU from the Sun before Neptune's migration <a href="/wiki/Perturbation_(astronomy)" title="Perturbation (astronomy)">perturbed</a> it into a resonant capture.<a href="#cite_note-Malhotra1995-187">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nice_model" title="Nice model">Nice model</a> requires that there were about a thousand Pluto-sized bodies in the original planetesimal disk, which included Triton and Eris.<a href="#cite_note-Levison2007-186">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observation_and_exploration">Observation and exploration</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observation">Observation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_animiert.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pluto_animiert.gif/220px-Pluto_animiert.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pluto_animiert.gif/330px-Pluto_animiert.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Pluto_animiert.gif 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Computer-generated rotating image of Pluto based on observations by the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> in 2002–2003</figcaption></figure> Pluto's distance from Earth makes its in-depth study and <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">exploration</a> difficult. Pluto's visual <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> averages 15.1, brightening to 13.65 at perihelion.<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a> To see it, a telescope is required; around 30 cm (12 in) aperture being desirable.<a href="#cite_note-SSC2002-188">[174]</a> It looks star-like and without a visible disk even in large telescopes,<a href="#cite_note-189">[175]</a> because its <a href="/wiki/Angular_diameter" title="Angular diameter">angular diameter</a> is maximum 0.11".<a href="#cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">[3]</a> The earliest maps of Pluto, made in the late 1980s, were brightness maps created from close observations of eclipses by its largest moon, Charon. Observations were made of the change in the total average brightness of the Pluto–Charon system during the eclipses. For example, eclipsing a bright spot on Pluto makes a bigger total brightness change than eclipsing a dark spot. Computer processing of many such observations can be used to create a brightness map. This method can also track changes in brightness over time.<a href="#cite_note-YoungBinzelCrane2001-190">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-BuieTholenHorne1992-191">[177]</a> Better maps were produced from images taken by the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> (HST), which offered higher <a href="/wiki/Angular_resolution" title="Angular resolution">resolution</a>, and showed considerably more detail,<a href="#cite_note-Buie_web_map-119">[106]</a> resolving variations several hundred kilometers across, including polar regions and large bright spots.<a href="#cite_note-Buie_2010_surface-maps-121">[108]</a> These maps were produced by complex computer processing, which finds the best-fit projected maps for the few pixels of the Hubble images.<a href="#cite_note-Buie_mapmaking-192">[178]</a> These remained the most detailed maps of Pluto until the flyby of New Horizons in July 2015, because the two cameras on the HST used for these maps were no longer in service.<a href="#cite_note-Buie_mapmaking-192">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exploration">Exploration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Pluto" title="Exploration of Pluto">Exploration of Pluto</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barycentric_view_of_Pluto_and_Charon_29_May-3_June_by_Ralph_in_near-true_colours.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Barycentric_view_of_Pluto_and_Charon_29_May-3_June_by_Ralph_in_near-true_colours.gif/220px-Barycentric_view_of_Pluto_and_Charon_29_May-3_June_by_Ralph_in_near-true_colours.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Barycentric_view_of_Pluto_and_Charon_29_May-3_June_by_Ralph_in_near-true_colours.gif/330px-Barycentric_view_of_Pluto_and_Charon_29_May-3_June_by_Ralph_in_near-true_colours.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Barycentric_view_of_Pluto_and_Charon_29_May-3_June_by_Ralph_in_near-true_colours.gif/440px-Barycentric_view_of_Pluto_and_Charon_29_May-3_June_by_Ralph_in_near-true_colours.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Pluto and Charon seen orbiting each other by New Horizons</figcaption></figure> The New Horizons spacecraft, which <a href="/wiki/Planetary_flyby" title="Planetary flyby">flew by</a> Pluto in July 2015, is the first and so far only attempt to explore Pluto directly. Launched in 2006, it captured its first (distant) images of Pluto in late September 2006 during a test of the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager.<a href="#cite_note-pluto.jhuapl_First_Pluto_Sighting-193">[179]</a> The images, taken from a distance of approximately 4.2 billion kilometers, confirmed the spacecraft's ability to track distant targets, critical for maneuvering toward Pluto and other Kuiper belt objects. In early 2007 the craft made use of a <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a> from <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>. New Horizons made its closest approach to Pluto on July 14, 2015, after a 3,462-day journey across the Solar System. Scientific observations of Pluto began five months before the closest approach and continued for at least a month after the encounter. Observations were conducted using a <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a> package that included <a href="/wiki/Digital_imaging" title="Digital imaging">imaging</a> instruments and a radio science investigation tool, as well as <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectroscopic">spectroscopic</a> and other experiments. The scientific goals of New Horizons were to characterize the global geology and morphology of Pluto and its moon Charon, map their surface composition, and analyze Pluto's neutral atmosphere and its escape rate. On October 25, 2016, at 05:48 pm ET, the last bit of data (of a total of 50 billion bits of data; or 6.25 gigabytes) was received from New Horizons from its close encounter with Pluto.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20161028-194">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20150115(b)-196">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[183]</a> Since the New Horizons flyby, scientists have advocated for an orbiter mission that would return to Pluto to fulfill new science objectives.<a href="#cite_note-198">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[186]</a> They include mapping the surface at 9.1 m (30 ft) per pixel, observations of Pluto's smaller satellites, observations of how Pluto changes as it rotates on its axis, investigations of a possible subsurface ocean, and topographic mapping of Pluto's regions that are covered in long-term darkness due to its axial tilt. The last objective could be accomplished using laser pulses to generate a complete topographic map of Pluto. New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern has advocated for a <a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a>-style orbiter that would launch around 2030 (the 100th anniversary of Pluto's discovery) and use Charon's gravity to adjust its orbit as needed to fulfill science objectives after arriving at the Pluto system.<a href="#cite_note-201">[187]</a> The orbiter could then use Charon's gravity to leave the Pluto system and study more KBOs after all Pluto science objectives are completed. A conceptual study funded by the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (<a href="/wiki/NASA_Institute_for_Advanced_Concepts" title="NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts">NIAC</a>) program describes a fusion-enabled Pluto orbiter and lander based on the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_field-reversed_configuration_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton field-reversed configuration experiment">Princeton field-reversed configuration reactor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-PSS-203">[189]</a> New Horizons imaged all of Pluto's northern hemisphere, and the equatorial regions down to about 30° South. Higher southern latitudes have only been observed, at very low resolution, from Earth.<a href="#cite_note-204">[190]</a> Images from the Hubble Space Telescope in 1996 cover 85% of Pluto and show large albedo features down to about 75° South.<a href="#cite_note-205">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[192]</a> This is enough to show the extent of the temperate-zone maculae. Later images had slightly better resolution, due to minor improvements in Hubble instrumentation.<a href="#cite_note-theh_Seei-207">[193]</a> The equatorial region of the sub-Charon hemisphere of Pluto has only been imaged at low resolution, as New Horizons made its closest approach to the anti-Charon hemisphere.<a href="#cite_note-208">[194]</a> Some albedo variations in the higher southern latitudes could be detected by New Horizons using <a href="/wiki/Planetshine" title="Planetshine">Charon-shine</a> (light reflected off Charon). The south polar region seems to be darker than the north polar region, but there is a high-albedo region in the southern hemisphere that may be a regional nitrogen or methane ice deposit.<a href="#cite_note-Charonshine-209">[195]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MVIC_sunset_scan_of_Pluto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/MVIC_sunset_scan_of_Pluto.jpg/280px-MVIC_sunset_scan_of_Pluto.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/MVIC_sunset_scan_of_Pluto.jpg/420px-MVIC_sunset_scan_of_Pluto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/MVIC_sunset_scan_of_Pluto.jpg/560px-MVIC_sunset_scan_of_Pluto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3420" data-file-height="1460" /></a><figcaption>Panoramic view of Pluto's icy mountains and flat ice plains, imaged by New Horizons 15 minutes after its closest approach to Pluto. Distinct haze layers in Pluto's atmosphere can be seen backlit by the Sun.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/How_I_Killed_Pluto_and_Why_It_Had_It_Coming" title="How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming">How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Pluto" title="List of geological features on Pluto">List of geological features on Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology#Pluto" title="Planets in astrology">Pluto in astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_in_fiction" title="Pluto in fiction">Pluto in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System#Planets" title="List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System">Statistics of planets in the Solar System</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-caption-1"><a href="#cite_ref-caption_1-0">^</a> This photograph was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Ralph_(New_Horizons)" title="Ralph (New Horizons)">Ralph</a> telescope aboard <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> on July 14, 2015, from a distance of 35,445 km (22,025 mi) </li> <li id="cite_note-MeanElements-4"><a href="#cite_ref-MeanElements_4-0">^</a> The mean elements here are from the Theory of the Outer Planets (TOP2013) solution by the Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides (IMCCE). They refer to the standard equinox J2000, the barycenter of the Solar System, and the epoch J2000. </li> <li id="cite_note-Surface_area-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Surface_area_10-0">^</a> Surface area derived from the radius r: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b81fcce302776a01dc66fc186a1ce0a616b4d772" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.597ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}">. </li> <li id="cite_note-Volume-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Volume_11-0">^</a> Volume v derived from the radius r: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8f404b3cbe747937404f1a0bc0fbc167e6ecb2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.922ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3}">. </li> <li id="cite_note-Surface_gravity-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Surface_gravity_13-0">^</a> Surface gravity derived from the mass M, the <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_constant" title="Gravitational constant">gravitational constant</a> G and the radius r: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle GM/r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle GM/r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40feb34059c7ff32dd89cc344d70cb5dbf617b74" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.534ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle GM/r^{2}}">. </li> <li id="cite_note-Escape_velocity-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Escape_velocity_14-0">^</a> Escape velocity derived from the mass M, the <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_constant" title="Gravitational constant">gravitational constant</a> G and the radius r: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2GM/r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> <mi>G</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2GM/r}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cbdfe8b9b99081000866588420a8b868d28fc9d9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.966ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2GM/r}}}">. </li> <li id="cite_note-Angular_size-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Angular_size_19-0">^</a> Based on geometry of minimum and maximum distance from Earth and Pluto radius in the factsheet </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> A French astronomer had suggested the name Pluto for Planet X in 1919, but there is no indication that the Lowell staff knew of this.<a href="#cite_note-35">[28]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-PL-43"><a href="#cite_ref-PL_43-0">^</a> For example, ⟨♇⟩ (in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>U+2647 ♇ PLUTO) occurs in a table of the planets identified by their symbols in a 2004 article written before the 2006 IAU definition,<a href="#cite_note-40">[32]</a> but not in a graph of planets, dwarf planets and moons from 2016, where only the eight IAU planets are identified by their symbols.<a href="#cite_note-41">[33]</a> (Planetary symbols in general are uncommon in astronomy, and are discouraged by the IAU.)<a href="#cite_note-iau_1989-42">[34]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-bident-48"><a href="#cite_ref-bident_48-0">^</a> The bident symbol (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2BD3 ⯓ PLUTO FORM TWO) has seen some astronomical use as well since the IAU decision on dwarf planets, for example in a public-education poster on dwarf planets published by the NASA/JPL Dawn mission in 2015, in which each of the five dwarf planets announced by the IAU receives a symbol.<a href="#cite_note-45">[36]</a> There are in addition several other symbols for Pluto found in astrological sources,<a href="#cite_note-46">[37]</a> including three accepted by Unicode: <a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_symbol_(southern_Europe).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⯔"><img alt="⯔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pluto_symbol_%28southern_Europe%29.svg/20px-Pluto_symbol_%28southern_Europe%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pluto_symbol_%28southern_Europe%29.svg/30px-Pluto_symbol_%28southern_Europe%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pluto_symbol_%28southern_Europe%29.svg/40px-Pluto_symbol_%28southern_Europe%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2BD4 ⯔ PLUTO FORM THREE, used principally in southern Europe; <a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_symbol_(northern_Europe).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⯖"><img alt="⯖" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%29.svg/20px-Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%29.svg/30px-Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%29.svg/40px-Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>/<a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_symbol_(northern_Europe,_variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⯖"><img alt="⯖" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%2C_variant%29.svg/20px-Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%2C_variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%2C_variant%29.svg/30px-Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%2C_variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%2C_variant%29.svg/40px-Pluto_symbol_%28northern_Europe%2C_variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2BD6 ⯖ PLUTO FORM FIVE (found in various orientations, showing Pluto's orbit cutting across that of Neptune), used principally in northern Europe; and <a href="/wiki/File:Charon_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⯕"><img alt="⯕" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Charon_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/20px-Charon_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Charon_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/30px-Charon_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Charon_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/40px-Charon_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2BD5 ⯕ PLUTO FORM FOUR, used in <a href="/wiki/Uranian_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranian astrology">Uranian astrology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[38]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> The equivalence is less close in languages whose <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a> differs widely from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_phonology" title="Ancient Greek phonology">Greek's</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a> Buluuto and <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a> Tłóotoo. </li> <li id="cite_note-Perihelion-98"><a href="#cite_ref-Perihelion_98-0">^</a> The discovery of Charon in 1978 allowed astronomers to accurately calculate the mass of the Plutonian system. But it did not indicate the two bodies' individual masses, which could only be estimated after other moons of Pluto were discovered in late 2005. As a result, because Pluto came to perihelion in 1989, most Pluto perihelion date estimates are based on the Pluto–Charon <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">barycenter</a>. Charon came to perihelion <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=901">4 September 1989.</a> The Pluto–Charon barycenter came to perihelion <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=9">5 September 1989.</a> Pluto came to perihelion <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=999">8 September 1989.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Because of the eccentricity of Pluto's orbit, some have theorized that it was once a <a href="/wiki/Satellite_of_Neptune" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite of Neptune">satellite of Neptune</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[94]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiki-kbo-176"><a href="#cite_ref-wiki-kbo_176-0">^</a> The dwarf planet <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> is roughly the same size as Pluto, about 2330 km; Eris is 28% more massive than Pluto. Eris is a <a href="/wiki/Scattered-disc_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Scattered-disc object">scattered-disc object</a>, often considered a distinct population from Kuiper-belt objects like Pluto; Pluto is the largest body in the Kuiper belt proper, which excludes the scattered-disc objects. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em ;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Plutonian" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Plutonian">"Plutonian"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Plutonian&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DPlutonian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-TOP2013-3"><a href="#cite_ref-TOP2013_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonFrancouFiengaManche2013" class="citation journal cs1">Simon, J.L.; Francou, G.; Fienga, A.; Manche, H. (September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856071/file/aa21843-13.pdf">"New analytical planetary theories VSOP2013 and TOP2013"</a> (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 557 (2): A49. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A&A...557A..49S">2013A&A...557A..49S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201321843">10.1051/0004-6361/201321843</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56344625">56344625</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527015437/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856071/file/aa21843-13.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 27, 2022. Retrieved February 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=New+analytical+planetary+theories+VSOP2013+and+TOP2013&rft.volume=557&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=A49&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A56344625%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201321843&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013A%26A...557A..49S&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rft.au=Francou%2C+G.&rft.au=Fienga%2C+A.&rft.au=Manche%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-01856071%2Ffile%2Faa21843-13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> The elements in the clearer and usual format <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7EgQjYURXMTSGE5LVMyMUMwa00/view?usp=sharing">is in the spreadsheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160515075130/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7EgQjYURXMTSGE5LVMyMUMwa00/view?usp=sharing">Archived</a> May 15, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and the original TOP2013 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.imcce.fr/pub/ephem/planets/top2013/TOP2013-secular.txt">elements here.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019232104/https://ftp.imcce.fr/pub/ephem/planets/top2013/TOP2013-secular.txt">Archived</a> October 19, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pluto_Fact_Sheet-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pluto_Fact_Sheet_5-16">q</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2015" class="citation web cs1">Williams, David R. (July 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html">"Pluto Fact Sheet"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20151119095810/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pluto+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2015-07-24&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fplutofact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpl-ssd-horizons-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jpl-ssd-horizons_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpl-ssd-horizons_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=9">"Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Pluto Barycenter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/JPL_Horizons_On-Line_Ephemeris_System" title="JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System">JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System</a> @ Solar System Dynamics Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510023958/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=9">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horizon+Online+Ephemeris+System+for+Pluto+Barycenter&rft.pub=JPL+Horizons+On-Line+Ephemeris+System+%40+Solar+System+Dynamics+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons.cgi%3Ffind_body%3D1%26body_group%3Dmb%26sstr%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> (Observer Location @sun with the observer at the center of the Sun) </li> <li id="cite_note-Nimmo2017-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmo2017_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmo2017_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmo2017_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmo2017_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmo2017_7-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNimmo2017" class="citation journal cs1">Nimmo, Francis; et al. (2017). "Mean radius and shape of Pluto and Charon from New Horizons images". 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Scientists to Push for Orbiter Mission"</a>. Space.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714110958/https://www.space.com/36697-pluto-orbiter-mission-after-new-horizons.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Going+Back+to+Pluto%3F+Scientists+to+Push+for+Orbiter+Mission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F36697-pluto-orbiter-mission-after-new-horizons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2017" class="citation news cs1">Hall, Loura (April 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/2017_Phase_I_Phase_II/Fusion_Enabled_Pluto_Orbiter_and_Lander">"Fusion-Enabled Pluto Orbiter and Lander"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421033505/https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/2017_Phase_I_Phase_II/Fusion_Enabled_Pluto_Orbiter_and_Lander/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Fusion-Enabled+Pluto+Orbiter+and+Lander&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Loura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fspacetech%2Fniac%2F2017_Phase_I_Phase_II%2FFusion_Enabled_Pluto_Orbiter_and_Lander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSS-203"><a href="#cite_ref-PSS_203-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20170003126.pdf">Fusion-Enabled Pluto Orbiter and Lander – Phase I Final Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190429071941/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20170003126.pdf">Archived</a> April 29, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (PDF) Stephanie Thomas, Princeton Satellite Systems. 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadia_Drake2016" class="citation web cs1">Nadia Drake (July 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307022014/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/pluto-planets-new-horizons-one-year-anniversary-nasa-space-science">"5 Amazing Things We've Learned a Year After Visiting Pluto"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/pluto-planets-new-horizons-one-year-anniversary-nasa-space-science">the original</a> on March 7, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=5+Amazing+Things+We%27ve+Learned+a+Year+After+Visiting+Pluto&rft.date=2016-07-14&rft.au=Nadia+Drake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpluto-planets-new-horizons-one-year-anniversary-nasa-space-science&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/1996/news-1996-09.html">"HUBBLE REVEALS SURFACE OF PLUTO FOR FIRST TIME"</a>. HubbleSite.org. Space Telescope Science Institute. March 7, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819132618/https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/1996/news-1996-09.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HubbleSite.org&rft.atitle=HUBBLE+REVEALS+SURFACE+OF+PLUTO+FOR+FIRST+TIME&rft.date=1996-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fcontents%2Fnews-releases%2F1996%2Fnews-1996-09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/1996/09/401-Image.html?news=true">"MAP OF PLUTO'S SURFACE"</a>. HubbleSite.org. Space Telescope Science Institute. March 7, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819132616/https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/1996/09/401-Image.html?news=true">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HubbleSite.org&rft.atitle=MAP+OF+PLUTO%27S+SURFACE&rft.date=1996-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fcontents%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F1996%2F09%2F401-Image.html%3Fnews%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theh_Seei-207"><a href="#cite_ref-theh_Seei_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.S.Ganesh2021" class="citation news cs1">A.S.Ganesh (March 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/seeing-pluto-like-never-before/article33941881.ece">"Seeing Pluto like never before"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819132745/https://www.thehindu.com/children/seeing-pluto-like-never-before/article33941881.ece">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Seeing+Pluto+like+never+before&rft.date=2021-03-07&rft.au=A.S.Ganesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fchildren%2Fseeing-pluto-like-never-before%2Farticle33941881.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothery2015" class="citation journal cs1">Rothery, David A (October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fastrogeo%2Fatv168">"Pluto and Charon from New Horizons"</a>. Astronomy & Geophysics. 56 (5): 5.19 – 5.22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fastrogeo%2Fatv168">10.1093/astrogeo/atv168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+%26+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Pluto+and+Charon+from+New+Horizons&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5.19+-%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5.22%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fastrogeo%2Fatv168&rft.aulast=Rothery&rft.aufirst=David+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fastrogeo%252Fatv168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charonshine-209"><a href="#cite_ref-Charonshine_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauerSpencerBertrandBeyer2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lauer, Todd R.; Spencer, John R.; Bertrand, Tanguy; Beyer, Ross A.; Runyon, Kirby D.; White, Oliver L.; Young, Leslie A.; Ennico, Kimberly; MacKinnon, William B.; Moore, Jeffrey M.; Olkin, Catherine B.; Stern, S. Alan; Weaver, Harold A. (October 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fac2743">"The Dark Side of Pluto"</a>. The Planetary Science Journal. 2 (214): 214. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.11976">2110.11976</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PSJ.....2..214L">2021PSJ.....2..214L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fac2743">10.3847/PSJ/ac2743</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239047659">239047659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Planetary+Science+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Dark+Side+of+Pluto&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=214&rft.pages=214&rft.date=2021-10-20&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2110.11976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239047659%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fac2743&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021PSJ.....2..214L&rft.aulast=Lauer&rft.aufirst=Todd+R.&rft.au=Spencer%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Bertrand%2C+Tanguy&rft.au=Beyer%2C+Ross+A.&rft.au=Runyon%2C+Kirby+D.&rft.au=White%2C+Oliver+L.&rft.au=Young%2C+Leslie+A.&rft.au=Ennico%2C+Kimberly&rft.au=MacKinnon%2C+William+B.&rft.au=Moore%2C+Jeffrey+M.&rft.au=Olkin%2C+Catherine+B.&rft.au=Stern%2C+S.+Alan&rft.au=Weaver%2C+Harold+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3847%252FPSJ%252Fac2743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCodex_Regius2016" class="citation book cs1">Codex Regius (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dTs2DQAAQBAJ">Pluto & Charon: the new horizons spacecraft at the farthest worldly shores</a>. Wiesbaden: Codex Regius. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5349-6074-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5349-6074-9"><bdi>978-1-5349-6074-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pluto+%26+Charon%3A+the+new+horizons+spacecraft+at+the+farthest+worldly+shores&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Codex+Regius&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-5349-6074-9&rft.au=Codex+Regius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdTs2DQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternTholen1997" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Alan; Tholen, David J., eds. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VcY7iYJwJZoC">Pluto and Charon</a>. Space science series. Tucson: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona_Press" title="University of Arizona Press">University of Arizona Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-1840-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-1840-1"><bdi>978-0-8165-1840-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pluto+and+Charon&rft.place=Tucson&rft.series=Space+science+series&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8165-1840-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVcY7iYJwJZoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternGrinspoon2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Stern" title="Alan Stern">Stern, Alan</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Grinspoon" title="David Grinspoon">Grinspoon, David</a> (2018). <a href="/wiki/Chasing_New_Horizons" title="Chasing New Horizons">Chasing new horizons: inside the epic first mission to Pluto</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Picador</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-09896-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-09896-2"><bdi>978-1-250-09896-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chasing+new+horizons%3A+inside+the+epic+first+mission+to+Pluto&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-250-09896-2&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Grinspoon%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternMooreGrundyYoung2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Stern" title="Alan Stern">Stern, Alan</a>; Moore, J.; Grundy, William M.; Young, Leslie A.; <a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Binzel" title="Richard P. Binzel">Binzel, Richard P.</a>, eds. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bi01EAAAQBAJ">The Pluto system after New Horizons</a>. The University of Arizona Space science series. Tucson: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona_Press" title="University of Arizona Press">University of Arizona Press</a>. p. 688. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-4094-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-4094-5"><bdi>978-0-8165-4094-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pluto+system+after+New+Horizons&rft.place=Tucson&rft.series=The+University+of+Arizona+Space+science+series&rft.pages=688&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-8165-4094-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbi01EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Pluto at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Pluto" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Pluto">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/134340_Pluto" class="extiw" title="c:134340 Pluto">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Pluto" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Pluto">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pluto" class="extiw" title="q:Pluto">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Pluto" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Pluto">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Pluto" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Pluto">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/main/index.html">New Horizons homepage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150726155211/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/main/index.html">Archived</a> July 26, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729075223/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Pluto">Pluto Profile</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/">NASA's Solar System Exploration site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html">NASA Pluto factsheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20151119095810/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html">Archived</a> November 19, 2015, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lowell.edu/">Website of the observatory that discovered Pluto</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110302233420/http://www.lowell.edu/">Archived</a> March 2, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004232224/http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/5055/sharpest-ever-views-of-pluto-and-charon">Earth telescope image of Pluto system</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/press-releases/PlutoPictures/Pluto-Tholen-10-07.html">Keck infrared with AO of Pluto system</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109033030/http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/press-releases/PlutoPictures/Pluto-Tholen-10-07.html">Archived</a> November 9, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/views-of-pluto-through-the-years">Video – Pluto – viewed through the years (GIF)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150726170002/http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/views-of-pluto-through-the-years">Archived</a> July 26, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (NASA; animation; July 15, 2015).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/archive/PIA19873_FLYTHROUGH_ANIMATION_V5.mp4">Video – Pluto – "FlyThrough" (00:22; MP4)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210929080856/http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/archive/PIA19873_FLYTHROUGH_ANIMATION_V5.mp4">Archived</a> September 29, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ds_OlZnV9qk">(YouTube)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202025129/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ds_OlZnV9qk">Archived</a> December 2, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (NASA; animation; August 31, 2015).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/video/a-day-on-pluto-reconstructed-from-new-horizons-images/">"A Day on Pluto Video made from July 2015 New Horizon Images"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223013923/http://www.scientificamerican.com/video/a-day-on-pluto-reconstructed-from-new-horizons-images/">Archived</a> February 23, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></li> <li>NASA CGI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20170714-2">video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801114952/http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20170714-2">Archived</a> August 1, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of Pluto flyover (July 14, 2017)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/136797589@N04/35260746413/in/photostream/">CGI video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003081511/https://www.flickr.com/photos/136797589@N04/35260746413/in/photostream/">Archived</a> October 3, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> simulation of rotating Pluto by Seán Doran (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/136797589@N04/albums/72157686474817595">album</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727235247/https://www.flickr.com/photos/136797589@N04/albums/72157686474817595">Archived</a> July 27, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> for more)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/space/pluto/@26.4828801,-19.6602925,11338964m/data=!3m1!1e3">Google Pluto 3D</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806100353/https://www.google.com/maps/space/pluto/@26.4828801,-19.6602925,11338964m/data=!3m1!1e3">Archived</a> August 6, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, interactive map of the dwarf planet</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611221454/https://gravitysimulator.org/solar-system/the-plutonian-system/">"Interactive 3D gravity simulation of the Plutonian system"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gravitysimulator.org/solar-system/the-plutonian-system">the original</a> on June 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+3D+gravity+simulation+of+the+Plutonian+system&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgravitysimulator.org%2Fsolar-system%2Fthe-plutonian-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APluto" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pluto270" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pluto" title="Template:Pluto"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pluto" title="Template talk:Pluto"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pluto" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pluto"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pluto270" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pluto</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Pluto" title="Atmosphere of Pluto">Atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Pluto" title="Climate of Pluto">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pluto" title="Geology of Pluto">Geology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pluto" title="Geography of Pluto">Geography</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Pluto" title="List of geological features on Pluto">features</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pluto#The_Brass_Knuckles" title="Geography of Pluto">Brass Knuckles</a>" <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safronov_Regio" title="Safronov Regio">Safronov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharaf_Regio" title="Sharaf Regio">Sharaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_Regio" title="Harrington Regio">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vucub-Came_Macula" title="Vucub-Came Macula">Vucub-Came</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hun-Came_Macula" title="Hun-Came Macula">Hun-Came</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng-p%CA%BBo_Macula" class="mw-redirect" title="Meng-pʻo Macula">Meng-pʻo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belton_Regio" title="Belton Regio">Belton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadejo_Macula" title="Cadejo Macula">Cadejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Terra" title="Hayabusa Terra">Hayabusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Regio" title="Lowell Regio">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgoth_Macula" title="Morgoth Macula">Morgoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Terra" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer Terra">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombaugh_Regio" title="Tombaugh Regio">Tombaugh "The Heart"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_Terra" class="mw-redirect" title="Venera Terra">Venera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Terra" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking Terra">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Terra" title="Voyager Terra">Voyager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Hills and mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baret_Montes" title="Baret Montes">Baret Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_Colles" title="Challenger Colles">Challenger Colles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleta_de_Dados_Colles" title="Coleta de Dados Colles">Coleta de Dados Colles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Montes" title="Hillary Montes">Hillary Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccard_Mons" title="Piccard Mons">Piccard Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Montes" title="Tenzing Montes">Tenzing Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Mons" title="Wright Mons">Wright Mons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Plains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Planitia" title="Sputnik Planitia">Sputnik Planitia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Valleys and depressions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlivun_Cavus" title="Adlivun Cavus">Adlivun Cavus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Lineae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_Linea" title="Luna Linea">Luna Linea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Craters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burney_(crater)" title="Burney (crater)">Burney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pluto"><img alt="Pluto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/90px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/135px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/180px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:NH-PlutoCharon-Color-NewHorizons-20150711.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Both to scale"><img alt="Both to scale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NH-PlutoCharon-Color-NewHorizons-20150711.jpg/90px-NH-PlutoCharon-Color-NewHorizons-20150711.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NH-PlutoCharon-Color-NewHorizons-20150711.jpg/135px-NH-PlutoCharon-Color-NewHorizons-20150711.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NH-PlutoCharon-Color-NewHorizons-20150711.jpg/180px-NH-PlutoCharon-Color-NewHorizons-20150711.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1422" data-file-height="744" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charon"><img alt="Charon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/90px-Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/135px-Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/180px-Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Pluto" title="Exploration of Pluto">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Official definitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_planet" title="Definition of planet">Definition of planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">IAU definition of planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Scientist opinions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Stern#Planetary_classification" title="Alan Stern">Alan Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown#Other_work" title="Michael E. Brown">Michael E. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_deGrasse_Tyson#Pluto" title="Neil deGrasse Tyson">Neil deGrasse Tyson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Discovery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune#Discovery_of_Pluto" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planet X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory" title="Lowell Observatory">Lowell Observatory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Lowell#Pluto" title="Percival Lowell">Percival Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Tombaugh#Pluto" title="Clyde Tombaugh">Clyde Tombaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Putnam#Role_in_discovering_Pluto" title="Roger Putnam">Roger Putnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_planet" title="Double planet">Double planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_in_fiction" title="Pluto in fiction">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetia_Burney" title="Venetia Burney">Venetia Burney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dwarf_planets380" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwarf_planets" title="Template:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dwarf_planets" title="Template talk:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dwarf_planets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dwarf_planets380" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">List of possible dwarf planets</a></li> <li>Former dwarf planets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoplanet" title="Mesoplanet">Mesoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planemo" class="mw-redirect" title="Planemo">Planemo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Consensus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Ceres" title="Geology of Ceres">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)#Atmosphere" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Atmosphere</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" title="Vanth (moon)">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pluto" title="Geology of Pluto">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Pluto" title="Atmosphere of Pluto">Atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Moons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea">Moons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Ring" title="Haumea">Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weywot" title="Weywot">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar#Rings" title="Quaoar">Rings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)" title="Sedna (dwarf planet)">Sedna</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_(22381131691)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="836" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/110px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/165px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/220px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Candidate (D+1σ ≥ 700 km or H ≤ 4.2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Hygiea" title="10 Hygiea">Hygiea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/704_Interamnia" title="704 Interamnia">Interamnia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion">Ixion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">Cubewanos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/174567_Varda" title="174567 Varda">Varda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(55565)_2002_AW197" title="(55565) 2002 AW197">2002 AW197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">2002 MS4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(90568)_2004_GV9" title="(90568) 2004 GV9">2004 GV9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(145452)_2005_RN43" title="(145452) 2005 RN43">2005 RN43</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other KBOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(523671)_2013_FZ27" title="(523671) 2013 FZ27">2013 FZ27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_KZ39" title="2010 KZ39">2010 KZ39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523639)_2010_RE64" title="(523639) 2010 RE64">2010 RE64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(589683)_2010_RF43" title="(589683) 2010 RF43">2010 RF43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(574372)_2010_JO179" title="(574372) 2010 JO179">2010 JO179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(532037)_2013_FY27" title="(532037) 2013 FY27">2013 FY27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523692)_2014_EZ51" title="(523692) 2014 EZ51">2014 EZ51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_UZ224" title="2014 UZ224">2014 UZ224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(674118)_2015_KH162" title="(674118) 2015 KH162">2015 KH162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(523794)_2015_RR245" title="(523794) 2015 RR245">2015 RR245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18">2018 VG18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_DR15" title="2021 DR15">2021 DR15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_LL37" title="2021 LL37">2021 LL37</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(278361)_2007_JJ43" title="(278361) 2007 JJ43">2007 JJ43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(528381)_2008_ST291" title="(528381) 2008 ST291">2008 ST291</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP113</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dwarf_planets" title="Category:Dwarf planets">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trans-Neptunian_objects103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Template:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Template talk:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trans-Neptunian_objects103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian objects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;">TNO classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">Cubewanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered-disc objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Resonant objects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object#1:2_resonance_("twotinos",_period_~330_years)" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Twotinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon#Trans-Neptunian_objects" title="Minor-planet moon">TNO moons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planets</a> (moons)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" title="Vanth (moon)">Vanth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namaka_(moon)" title="Namaka (moon)">Namaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Ring" title="Haumea">Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weywot_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weywot (moon)">Weywot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar#Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="50000 Quaoar">Rings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">MK2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Xiangliu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)" title="Sedna (dwarf planet)">Sedna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" class="mw-redirect" title="90377 Sedna">90377 Sedna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/541132_Lele%C4%81k%C5%ABhonua" title="541132 Leleākūhonua">541132 Leleākūhonua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minor planets navigator"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minor_planets_navigator60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets#Main_index" title="List of minor planets">Minor planets navigator</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(134339)_5628_T-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(134339) 5628 T-3 (page does not exist)">(134339) 5628 T-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets:_134001%E2%80%93135000#340" title="List of minor planets: 134001–135000">134340 Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(134341)_1979_MA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(134341) 1979 MA (page does not exist)">(134341) 1979 MA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1265750715">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}.mw-parser-output :not(.mw-parser-output):not(.documentation)>.tfd-dedup~.tfd-dedup,.mw-parser-output :not(.mw-parser-output):not(.documentation)>.tfd-dedup~* .tfd-dedup{display:none}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Solar_System2452" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_System" title="Template:Solar System"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solar_System" title="Template talk:Solar System"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solar_System" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solar System"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Solar_System2452" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="The Sun, the planets, their moons, and several trans-Neptunian objects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Solar_System_Template_2.png" decoding="async" width="666" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="36" usemap="#ImageMap_95c11910eb0c3136" /><map name="ImageMap_95c11910eb0c3136"><area href="/wiki/Sun" shape="rect" coords="0,0,90,35" alt="The Sun" title="The Sun" /><area href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" shape="circle" coords="112,18,6" alt="Mercury" title="Mercury" /><area href="/wiki/Venus" shape="circle" coords="153,18,8" alt="Venus" title="Venus" /><area href="/wiki/Moon" shape="circle" coords="204,10,4" alt="The Moon" title="The Moon" /><area href="/wiki/Earth" shape="circle" coords="195,18,8" alt="Earth" title="Earth" /><area href="/wiki/Mars" shape="circle" coords="233,18,8" alt="Mars" title="Mars" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" shape="circle" coords="241,13,3" alt="Phobos and Deimos" title="Phobos and Deimos" /><area href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="271,18,5" alt="Ceres" title="Ceres" /><area href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" shape="rect" coords="256,0,288,35" alt="The main asteroid belt" title="The main asteroid belt" /><area href="/wiki/Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="316,19,15" alt="Jupiter" title="Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="329,6,6" alt="Moons of Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter" shape="rect" coords="298,18,335,20" alt="Rings of Jupiter" title="Rings of Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Saturn" shape="circle" coords="372,18,12" alt="Saturn" title="Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" shape="circle" coords="381,7,6" alt="Moons of Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" shape="rect" coords="353,5,389,31" alt="Rings of Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Uranus" shape="circle" coords="418,18,12" alt="Uranus" title="Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" shape="circle" coords="427,10,6" alt="Moons of Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" shape="rect" coords="408,4,429,34" alt="Rings of Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Neptune" shape="circle" coords="462,18,12" alt="Neptune" title="Neptune" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" shape="circle" coords="471,10,5" alt="Moons of Neptune" title="Moons of Neptune" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" shape="rect" coords="441,9,485,28" alt="Rings of Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune" /><area href="/wiki/Pluto" shape="circle" coords="504,18,12" alt="Pluto" title="Pluto" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" shape="circle" coords="510,13,8" alt="Moons of Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto" /><area href="/wiki/Haumea" shape="circle" coords="534,18,12" alt="Haumea" title="Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" shape="circle" coords="540,13,8" alt="Moons of Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Makemake" shape="circle" coords="567,18,12" alt="Makemake" title="Makemake" /><area href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" shape="circle" coords="571,13,8" alt="S/2015 (136472) 1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1" /><area href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" shape="rect" coords="490,0,580,35" alt="The Kuiper Belt" title="The Kuiper Belt" /><area href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="596,18,12" alt="Eris" title="Eris" /><area href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" shape="circle" coords="602,13,8" alt="Dysnomia" title="Dysnomia" /><area href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" shape="rect" coords="581,0,610,35" alt="The Scattered Disc" title="The Scattered Disc" /><area href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" shape="rect" coords="623,0,640,35" alt="The Hills Cloud" title="The Hills Cloud" /><area href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" shape="rect" coords="641,0,666,35" alt="The Oort Cloud" title="The Oort Cloud" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)" title="Sedna (dwarf planet)">Sedna</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Planets,_dwarfs,_minors275" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">minors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">Terrestrials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">Giants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">Gas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_giant" title="Ice giant">Ice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarfs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)" title="Sedna (dwarf planet)">Sedna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">Large Minor Planets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20000_Varuna" title="20000 Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion">Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets" title="List of minor planets">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Earth <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claimed_moons_of_Earth" title="Claimed moons of Earth">Claimed</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" title="Moons of Mars">Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(moon)" title="Deimos (moon)">Deimos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon)">Callisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter#List" title="Moons of Jupiter">all 95</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">Saturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(moon)" title="Rhea (moon)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)" title="Iapetus (moon)">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(moon)" title="Dione (moon)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(moon)" title="Tethys (moon)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimas" title="Mimas">Mimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(moon)" title="Hyperion (moon)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn#List" title="Moons of Saturn">all 146</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus">Uranus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel">Umbriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus#List" title="Moons of Uranus">all 28</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" title="Moons of Neptune">Neptune</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_(moon)" title="Proteus (moon)">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_(moon)" title="Nereid (moon)">Nereid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune#List" title="Moons of Neptune">all 16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" title="Vanth (moon)">Vanth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea">Haumea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaka_(moon)" title="Namaka (moon)">Namaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weywot" title="Weywot">Weywot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">S/2015 (136472) 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Xiangliu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System" title="Formation and evolution of the Solar System">Formation, evolution</a>, contents, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Solar_System_formation_and_evolution_hypotheses" title="History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_formation" title="Star formation">Star formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">Accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Accretion disk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk#Excretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Excretion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solar_System_formation_and_evolution_hypotheses#Capture_hypothesis" title="History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses">Capture theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Triton" title="Capture of Triton">Capture of Triton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumplanetary_disk" title="Circumplanetary disk">Circumplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_disc" title="Circumstellar disc">Circumstellar disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_envelope" title="Circumstellar envelope">Circumstellar envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatlicue_(star)" title="Coatlicue (star)">Coatlicue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debris_disk" title="Debris disk">Debris disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_giant#Disk_instability" title="Ice giant">Disk instability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exozodiacal_dust" title="Exozodiacal dust">Exozodiacal dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_materials" title="Extraterrestrial materials">Extraterrestrial materials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_sample_curation" title="Extraterrestrial sample curation">Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample-return mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_line_(astrophysics)" title="Frost line (astrophysics)">Frost/Ice/Snow line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant-impact_hypothesis" title="Giant-impact hypothesis">Giant-impact hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_tack_hypothesis" title="Grand tack hypothesis">Grand tack hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_collapse" title="Gravitational collapse">Gravitational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" title="Hills cloud">Hills cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_sphere" title="Hill sphere">Hill sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_dust_cloud" title="Interplanetary dust cloud">Interplanetary dust cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_medium" title="Interplanetary medium">Interplanetary medium/space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_cloud" title="Interstellar cloud">Interstellar cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space#Interstellar_space" title="Outer space">Interstellar space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_cliff" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiper cliff">Kuiper cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment" title="Late Heavy Bombardment">Late Heavy Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_cloud" title="Molecular cloud">Molecular cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis" title="Nebular hypothesis">Nebular hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_model" title="Nice model">Nice model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice_2_model" title="Nice 2 model">Nice 2 model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-planet_Nice_model" title="Five-planet Nice model">Five-planet Nice model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">Outer space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disrupted_planet" title="Disrupted planet">Disrupted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_migration" title="Planetary migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis#Formation_of_planets" title="Nebular hypothesis">Formation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision#Formation_of_planets" title="Stellar collision">Merging stars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">Protoplanetary disk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_system" title="Ring system">Ring system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche_limit" title="Roche limit">Roche limit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roche_limit#Roche_limit,_Hill_sphere_and_radius_of_the_planet" title="Roche limit">vs. Hill sphere</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubble_pile" title="Rubble pile">Rubble pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration" title="Co-orbital configuration">Co-orbital configuration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration#Trojan_moons" title="Co-orbital configuration">Saturn Moons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kordylewski_cloud" title="Kordylewski cloud">Kordylewski cloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ring_system" title="Ring system">Rings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Earth" title="Rings of Earth">Earth</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter" title="Rings of Jupiter">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Saturnian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Rhea" title="Rings of Rhea">Rhean</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Chariklo" title="Rings of Chariklo">Charikloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2060_Chiron#Rings" title="2060 Chiron">Chironean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus">Uranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune">Neptunian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Ring" title="Haumea">Haumean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar#Rings" title="Quaoar">Quaoarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hypothetical_Solar_System_objects" title="List of hypothetical Solar System objects">Hypothetical objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claimed_moons_of_Earth#Other_claims" title="Claimed moons of Earth">Bagby's moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiron_(hypothetical_moon)" title="Chiron (hypothetical moon)">Chiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatlicue_(star)" title="Coatlicue (star)">Coatlicue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Earth" title="Counter-Earth">Counter-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysalis_(hypothetical_moon)" title="Chrysalis (hypothetical moon)">Chrysalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Giant" title="Fifth Giant">Fifth Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Hyperion (hypothetical planet)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_objects_proposed_in_religion,_astrology,_ufology_and_pseudoscience#Lilith" title="Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience">Lilith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_moon_of_Mercury" title="Hypothetical moon of Mercury">Mercury's moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith_(hypothetical_moon)" title="Neith (hypothetical moon)">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)" title="Nemesis (hypothetical star)">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claimed_moons_of_Earth#Petit's_moon" title="Claimed moons of Earth">Petit's moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Phaeton (hypothetical planet)">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_Nine" title="Planet Nine">Planet Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune#Kuiper_cliff_and_"Planet_Ten"" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planet Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_V" title="Planet V">Planet V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune#Planet_X" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planet X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsatellite" title="Subsatellite">Subsatellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synestia#Giant-impact_hypothesis" title="Synestia">Synestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(planet)" title="Theia (planet)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis_(hypothetical_moon)" title="Themis (hypothetical moon)">Themis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Tyche (hypothetical planet)">Tyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Vulcan (hypothetical planet)">Vulcan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanoid" title="Vulcanoid">Vulcanoids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claimed_moons_of_Earth#Waltemath's_moons" title="Claimed moons of Earth">Waltemath's moons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">Exploration</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_space_exploration" title="Outline of space exploration">outline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_and_exploration_of_the_Solar_System" title="Discovery and exploration of the Solar System">Discovery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_models_of_the_Solar_System" title="Historical models of the Solar System">historical models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_discovery_of_Solar_System_planets_and_their_moons" title="Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">Space probes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration" title="Timeline of Solar System exploration">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">space stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_spacecraft" title="List of crewed spacecraft">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight_programs" title="Human spaceflight programs">programs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mercury" title="Exploration of Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observations_and_explorations_of_Venus" title="Observations and explorations of Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Moon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">mining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)#Exploration" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Exploration" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">mining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_comets" title="List of missions to comets">Comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Jupiter" title="Exploration of Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Saturn" title="Exploration of Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Uranus" title="Exploration of Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Neptune" title="Exploration of Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Pluto" title="Exploration of Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_space_exploration" title="Deep space exploration">Deep space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">Minor planets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meanings_of_minor-planet_names" title="Meanings of minor-planet names">names and meanings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon" title="Minor-planet moon">moons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li>Planetary orbit-crossers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mercury-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Mercury-crossing minor planets">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Venus-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Venus-crossing minor planets">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Earth-crossing_asteroids" title="List of Earth-crossing asteroids">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Mars-crossing minor planets">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jupiter-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Jupiter-crossing minor planets">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saturn-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Saturn-crossing minor planets">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uranus-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Uranus-crossing minor planets">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neptune-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Neptune-crossing minor planets">Neptune</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_(celestial_body)" title="Trojan (celestial body)">Trojans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_ND15" title="2013 ND15">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_trojan" title="Earth trojan">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trojan" title="Mars trojan">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_trojan" title="Jupiter trojan">Jupiter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jupiter_trojans_(Trojan_camp)" title="List of Jupiter trojans (Trojan camp)">Trojan camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jupiter_trojans_(Greek_camp)" title="List of Jupiter trojans (Greek camp)">Greek camp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_UO14" title="2019 UO14">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_trojans" title="Uranus trojans">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth objects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object#Near-Earth_asteroids" title="Near-Earth object">NEAs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Hygiea" title="10 Hygiea">Hygiea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets" title="List of minor planets">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_family" title="Asteroid family">families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">PHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exceptional_asteroids" title="List of exceptional asteroids">exceptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_gap" title="Kirkwood gap">Kirkwood gap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Centaur (small Solar System body)">Centaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian objects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">Cubewanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" title="Hills cloud">Hills cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_comets" title="Lists of comets">Comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">Possible dwarf planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System" title="List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System">Gravitationally rounded objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets" title="List of minor planets">Minor planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites" title="List of natural satellites">Natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_System_model" title="Solar System model">Solar System models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects" title="List of Solar System objects">Solar System objects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size" title="List of Solar System objects by size">by size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_discovery_of_Solar_System_planets_and_their_moons" title="Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons">by discovery date</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Interstellar and circumstellar molecules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_planet" title="Double planet">Double planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point" title="Lagrange point">Lagrange point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonlet" title="Moonlet">Moonlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syzygy_(astronomy)" title="Syzygy (astronomy)">Syzygy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_locking" title="Tidal locking">Tidal locking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;padding:0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Solar_System" title="Outline of the Solar System">Outline of the Solar System</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/28px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/42px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/56px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/28px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/42px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/56px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2776" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Earth_sciences" title="Portal:Earth sciences">Earth sciences portal</a></li></ul> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks tfd tfd-dated tfd-default tfd-dedup">‹ The <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">template</a> below (<a href="/wiki/Template:Earth%27s_location_in_the_Universe" title="Template:Earth's location in the Universe">Earth's location in the Universe</a>) is being considered for merging with LocationOfEarth-ImageMap. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2025_February_12#Template:Earth's_location_in_the_Universe" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 February 12">templates for discussion</a> to help reach a consensus. ›</div> <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> → <a href="/wiki/Local_Interstellar_Cloud" title="Local Interstellar Cloud">Local Interstellar Cloud</a> → <a href="/wiki/Local_Bubble" title="Local Bubble">Local Bubble</a> → <a href="/wiki/Gould_Belt" title="Gould Belt">Gould Belt</a> → <a href="/wiki/Orion_Arm" title="Orion Arm">Orion Arm</a> → <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> → <a href="/wiki/Satellite_galaxies_of_the_Milky_Way" title="Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way">Milky Way subgroup</a> → <a href="/wiki/Local_Group" title="Local Group">Local Group</a> → <a href="/wiki/Local_Sheet" title="Local Sheet">Local Sheet</a> → <a href="/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> → <a href="/wiki/Laniakea_Supercluster" title="Laniakea Supercluster">Laniakea Supercluster</a> → <a href="/wiki/Local_Hole" title="Local Hole">Local Hole</a> → <a href="/wiki/Observable_universe" title="Observable universe">Observable universe</a> → <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">Universe</a> Each arrow (→) may be read as "within" or "part of". </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Horizons335" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Horizons" title="Template:New Horizons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Horizons" title="Template talk:New Horizons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Horizons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Horizons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Horizons335" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Horizons" title="Timeline of New Horizons">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Pluto" title="Exploration of Pluto">Exploration of Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Horizons_topics" title="List of New Horizons topics">List of New Horizons topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/132524_APL" title="132524 APL">132524 APL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth">486958 Arrokoth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Observations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_JY31" title="2011 JY31">2011 JY31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_KW48" title="2011 KW48">2011 KW48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15810_Arawn" title="15810 Arawn">15810 Arawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion">28978 Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">(307261) 2002 MS4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(516977)_2012_HZ84" title="(516977) 2012 HZ84">(516977) 2012 HZ84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(556416)_2014_OE394" title="(556416) 2014 OE394">(556416) 2014 OE394</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_HE85" title="2012 HE85">2012 HE85</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Rejected</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_HM102" title="2011 HM102">2011 HM102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_MT69" title="2014 MT69">2014 MT69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_OS393" title="2014 OS393">2014 OS393</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_PN70" title="2014 PN70">2014 PN70</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/100px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/150px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/200px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="746" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons#Science_payload" title="New Horizons">Instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_(spacecraft_instrument)" title="Alice (spacecraft instrument)">Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Imager" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Imager">Long Range Reconnaissance Imager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_Energetic_Particle_Spectrometer_Science_Investigation" title="Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation">PEPSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_(New_Horizons)" title="Ralph (New Horizons)">Ralph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REX_(New_Horizons)" title="REX (New Horizons)">REX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetia_Burney_Student_Dust_Counter" title="Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter">Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWAP_(New_Horizons)" title="SWAP (New Horizons)">SWAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Subsystems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GPHS-RTG" title="GPHS-RTG">GPHS-RTG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Physics_Laboratory" title="Applied Physics Laboratory">Applied Physics Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball Aerospace">Ball Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KinetX" title="KinetX">KinetX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Research_Institute" title="Southwest Research Institute">Southwest Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">University of Colorado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Bagenal" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Bagenal">Frances Bagenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Binzel" title="Richard P. Binzel">Richard Binzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bowman" title="Alice Bowman">Alice Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_William_Buie" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc William Buie">Marc Buie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Hardaway" title="Lisa Hardaway">Lisa Hardaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_May" title="Brian May">Brian May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Olkin" title="Cathy Olkin">Cathy Olkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sarokon" title="Daniel Sarokon">Daniel Sarokon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_R._Showalter" title="Mark R. Showalter">Mark Showalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Stern" title="Alan Stern">Alan Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_A._Weaver" title="Hal A. Weaver">Hal Weaver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Logistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> (launch vehicle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(rocket_stage)" title="Centaur (rocket stage)">Centaur</a> (upper stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_48" title="Star 48">Star 48B</a> (3rd stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41</a> (launch site)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_2" title="New Horizons 2">New Horizons 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_Kuiper_Express" title="Pluto Kuiper Express">Pluto Kuiper Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Horizons" title="Category:New Horizons">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1634" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1634" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121153852">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121153852">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575612">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph314907&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX456632">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007558091705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pluto&oldid=1275760628">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pluto&oldid=1275760628</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Minor_planet_object_articles_(numbered)" title="Category:Minor planet object articles (numbered)">Minor planet object articles (numbered)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pluto" 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[\"CITEREFCloseMerlineTholenOwen2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCodex_Regius2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohenHubbard1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrommelin1931\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCroswell1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCroswell1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeVore2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrake2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaulks\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaureMensing2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGladstoneSternEnnico2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGleinWaite2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGomes_R._S.Gallardo_T.Fernández_J._A.Brunini_A.2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrundy,_W.M.Olkin,_C.B.Young,_L.A.Buie,_M.W.2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGugliotta2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGutierrez2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHahn2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeinrichs2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolden2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoyt1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunter2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHussmann_Sohl_et_al.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJingjing_ChenDavid_Kipping2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Lewis2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeaneMatsuyamaKamataSteckloff2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly_Beatty2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirschvinkRipperdanEvans1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuiper1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuiper1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLakdawalla2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLakdawalla2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLauerSpencerBertrandBeyer2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLellouchSicardyde_BerghKäufl2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLellouchde_BerghSicardyForget2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevisonMorbidelliVan_LaerhovenGomes2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLittman1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalhotra1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalhotra1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarchisTrilling2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargot2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinnonNimmoWongSchenk2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetzgerGrundySykesStern2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetzgerSykesSternRunyon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinkel2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNadia_Drake2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholsonMayall1930\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholsonMayall1931\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNimmo2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlkin,_C.B.Young,_L.A.Borncamp,_D.2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOverbye2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOwenRoushCruikshankElliot1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhilip_Metzger2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabie2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRao2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRenshawIhara2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichardsonWalsh2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRincon2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobbinsDones2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothery2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuibal1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaganDruyan1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamantha_Cole\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanchez\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeidelmannHarrington1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeligman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheppardTrujilloUdalskiKubiak2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShiga2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShowalterHamilton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSicardyBellucciGendronLacombe2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimonFrancouFiengaManche2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinger2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoter2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoter2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStandage2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStandish1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSternGrinspoon2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSternGrundyMcKinnonWeaver2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSternMooreGrundyYoung2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSternTholen1997\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFSternWeaverStefflMutchler2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSussmanWisdom1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSzakátsKissOrtizMorales2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTelferParteliRadebaughBeyer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTombaugh1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrowbridgeMeloshSteckloffFreed2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTyson1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTyson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUmurhan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVillardBuie2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWall2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWall2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWanHuangInnanen2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamsBenson1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWisdomHolman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitze2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoungBinzelCrane2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoungYoungBuie2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_la_Fuente_Marcosde_la_Fuente_Marcos2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_la_Fuente_Marcosde_la_Fuente_Marcos2016\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'s\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Angbr\"] = 3,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite arXiv\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 71,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 65,\n [\"Clear\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 6,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 3,\n [\"Dash\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Dp\"] = 7,\n [\"Dwarf planets\"] = 1,\n [\"E\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 21,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Graph:Chart\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"Image frame\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox planet\"] = 1,\n [\"Left\"] = 6,\n [\"Legend2\"] = 5,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Minor planets navigator\"] = 1,\n [\"Mp\"] = 1,\n [\"NH1\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nihongo3\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 8,\n [\"OED\"] = 1,\n [\"Plain list\"] = 12,\n [\"Pluto\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Pprime\"] = 2,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 6,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Solar System\"] = 1,\n [\"Trans-Neptunian objects navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Unichar\"] = 5,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Val\"] = 33,\n [\"Value\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 23,\n [\"·\"] = 4,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","480","23.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","240","11.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","8.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","5.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","100","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","100","4.9"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Date_validation\u003E","80","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","3.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","3.9"],["[others]","500","24.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-786d8bd985-lp9st","timestamp":"20250214225231","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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