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class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1974–1987: <i>The PTL Club</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1974–1987:_The_PTL_Club-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1988–1995:_Collapse_of_The_PTL_Club_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1988–1995:_Collapse_of_The_PTL_Club_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1988–1995: Collapse of <i>The PTL Club</i> and aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1988–1995:_Collapse_of_The_PTL_Club_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996–2007:_Later_life_and_illness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996–2007:_Later_life_and_illness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1996–2007: Later life and illness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996–2007:_Later_life_and_illness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Select_discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Select_discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Select discography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Select_discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> 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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تامی فی مسنر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تامی فی مسنر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamara_Faye_Messner" title="Tamara Faye Messner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tamara Faye Messner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Faye" title="Tammy Faye – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tammy Faye" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تامی فی مسنر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تامی فی مسنر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Faye_Messner" title="Tammy Faye Messner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tammy Faye Messner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EB%AF%B8_%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4_%EB%A9%94%EC%8A%A4%EB%84%88" title="태미 페이 메스너 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태미 페이 메스너" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Faye_Messner" title="Tammy Faye Messner – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tammy Faye Messner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="تامى فاى ميسنير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تامى فاى ميسنير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Faye_Messner" title="Tammy Faye Messner – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tammy Faye Messner" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Faye_Messner" title="Tammy Faye Messner – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tammy Faye Messner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Месснер, Тэмми Фэй – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Месснер, Тэмми Фэй" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Faye_Messner" title="Tammy Faye Messner – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tammy Faye Messner" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Faye_Messner" title="Tammy Faye Messner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tammy Faye Messner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q454364#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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Bakker</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American evangelical and singer (1942–2007)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tammy Faye" redirects here. For the musical about her life, see <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Faye_(musical)" title="Tammy Faye (musical)"><i>Tammy Faye</i> (musical)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tammy Faye Messner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tammy_Faye_Messner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tammy_Faye_Messner.jpg/220px-Tammy_Faye_Messner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tammy_Faye_Messner.jpg/330px-Tammy_Faye_Messner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tammy_Faye_Messner.jpg/440px-Tammy_Faye_Messner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="1448" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Messner in 2004</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Tamara Faye LaValley</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1942-03-07</span>)</span>March 7, 1942<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/International_Falls,_Minnesota" title="International Falls, Minnesota">International Falls, Minnesota</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 20, 2007<span style="display:none">(2007-07-20)</span> (aged 65)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lloyd,_Missouri" title="Loch Lloyd, Missouri">Loch Lloyd, Missouri</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Evangelist</li><li>singer</li><li>entrepreneur</li><li>author</li><li>television personality</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1962–2007</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bakker" title="Jim Bakker">Jim Bakker</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1961; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1992)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Roe_Messner" title="Roe Messner">Roe Messner</a><br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1993)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/Jay_Bakker" title="Jay Bakker">Jay Bakker</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tamara Faye Messner</b> (née <b>LaValley</b>, formerly <b>Bakker</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>; March 7, 1942 – July 20, 2007) was an American evangelist. She co-founded the televangelist program <i><a href="/wiki/The_PTL_Club" title="The PTL Club">The PTL Club</a></i> with her husband <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bakker" title="Jim Bakker">Jim Bakker</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had hosted their own puppet-show series for local programming in the early 1960s; Messner also had a career as a recording artist.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, she and Bakker built <a href="/wiki/Heritage_USA" title="Heritage USA">Heritage USA</a>, a Christian theme park.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During her career Messner was noted for her eccentric and glamorous persona, as well as for moral views that diverged from those of many mainstream evangelists, particularly her advocacy for <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> persons and reaching out to <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> patients at the height of the AIDS epidemic.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She released three autobiographies during her lifetime, <i>I Gotta Be Me</i> in 1978,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tammy: Telling it My Way</i> in 1996, and <i>I Will Survive and You Will Too!</i> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jim Bakker was indicted, convicted, and imprisoned on numerous counts of fraud and conspiracy in 1989, resulting in the dissolution of <i>The PTL Club</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She divorced Bakker in 1992, while he was in prison, and married <a href="/wiki/Roe_Messner" title="Roe Messner">Roe Messner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was diagnosed with colon cancer in 1996, from which she suffered intermittently for over a decade before dying of the disease in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1942–1959:_Early_life"><span id="1942.E2.80.931959:_Early_life"></span>1942–1959: Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1942–1959: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>She was born <b>Tamara Faye LaValley</b> in <a href="/wiki/International_Falls,_Minnesota" title="International Falls, Minnesota">International Falls, Minnesota</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> preachers Rachel Minnie (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Fairchild; 1919–1992) and Carl Oliver LaValley,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who married in 1941. Shortly after she was born, a painful divorce soured her mother against ministers,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alienating her from the church. Both of her parents remarried, her mother to Fred Willard Grover, forming a large blended family, of which she was the eldest.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960–1973:_Marriage_to_Jim_Bakker;_early_work"><span id="1960.E2.80.931973:_Marriage_to_Jim_Bakker.3B_early_work"></span>1960–1973: Marriage to Jim Bakker; early work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1960–1973: Marriage to Jim Bakker; early work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1960, she met <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bakker" title="Jim Bakker">Jim Bakker</a> while they were students at <a href="/wiki/North_Central_University" title="North Central University">North Central Bible College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, Minnesota.<sup id="cite_ref-welch_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welch-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tammy Faye worked in a boutique for a time while Jim found work in a restaurant inside a department store in Minneapolis. They were married on April 1, 1961. The next year, they moved to <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, where they began their ministry together, initially traveling around the United States; Jim preached, while Tammy Faye sang songs and played the <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, she gave birth to their daughter Tammy Sue "Sissy" Bakker, and in 1975 gave birth to their son <a href="/wiki/Jay_Bakker" title="Jay Bakker">Jamie Charles Bakker</a>. </p><p>Jim and Tammy Faye had been involved with television from the time of their departure from Minneapolis until they moved to the <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_metropolitan_area" title="Charlotte metropolitan area">Charlotte</a> area via <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a>, where they were founding members of <i><a href="/wiki/The_700_Club" title="The 700 Club">The 700 Club</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in Portsmouth, they were hosts of the popular children's show <i>Jim and Tammy</i>. They then created a puppet ministry for children on <a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">Christian Broadcasting Network</a> (CBN), which ran from 1964 to 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1974–1987:_The_PTL_Club"><span id="1974.E2.80.931987:_The_PTL_Club"></span>1974–1987: <i>The PTL Club</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1974–1987: The PTL Club"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jim and Tammy Faye co-founded <i><a href="/wiki/The_PTL_Club" title="The PTL Club">The PTL Club</a></i> (Praise The Lord) in 1974, a <a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">televangelist</a> Christian news program that they initially hosted in an abandoned furniture store in Charlotte.<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series mixed "glitzy entertainment with down-home family values" and preached a <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'prosperity gospel' which put a divine seal of approval on both the growing affluence of American evangelicals and the showy lifestyles of their television ministers."<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The PTL Club</i> soon grew into its own network and a corporate enterprise within a year of its founding, generating $120 million annually in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, the Bakkers used $200 million of PTL funds to build <a href="/wiki/Heritage_USA" title="Heritage USA">Heritage USA</a>, a Christian retreat and <a href="/wiki/Theme_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme park">theme park</a> that, at the time, ranked alongside <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World" title="Walt Disney World">Disney World</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a> as one of the most popular theme parks in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the series, Tammy Faye provided a sentimental and emotive touch to stories,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also often sang Christian songs.<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also noted for her candid discussion of topics considered <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> amongst many of her Evangelist peers, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Penile_implant" title="Penile implant">penile implants</a> to acceptance and compassion for the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> community.<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the height of the <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">AIDS epidemic</a> in the mid-1980s, she conducted an emotional interview with Steven Pieters, a <a href="/wiki/Male_homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Male homosexual">gay</a> Christian minister with <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a> on "Tammy's House Party," a segment of <i>The PTL Club</i>, during which they discussed his sexuality, <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">coming out</a>, diagnosis with AIDS, and the death of his partner.<sup id="cite_ref-pieters_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pieters-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the program, Tammy Faye addressed her viewership, saying: "How sad that we as Christians, who are to be the salt of the earth, we who are supposed to be able to love everyone, are afraid so badly of an AIDS patient that we will not go up and put our arm around them and tell them that we care."<sup id="cite_ref-pieters_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pieters-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the AIDS epidemic, she advocated for viewers of <i>The PTL Club</i> to follow Christ and show compassion and pray for the ill,<sup id="cite_ref-Tsai2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsai2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also invited drug addicts onto the show to interview them about substance abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, it was reported that Tammy Faye was herself being treated for a prescription drug addiction.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bakker's friend, the Reverend <a href="/wiki/Mel_White" title="Mel White">Mel White</a>, commented on her presence on <i>The PTL Club</i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Her fans were people who grew up in a very fundamentalist tradition, not being able to wear make-up, or dance, or go out in public. So here comes Tammy, with her dyed hair and make-up, her ebullient spirit and outspoken ways with both men and women. She talked about sex, and flirted with Jimmy. She took on the caricature of an obedient wife, and blasted it. You have never seen <a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a>'s wife, or <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Jerry Falwell</a>'s wife. They stay at home, doing what those wives do.<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1988–1995:_Collapse_of_The_PTL_Club_and_aftermath"><span id="1988.E2.80.931995:_Collapse_of_The_PTL_Club_and_aftermath"></span>1988–1995: Collapse of <i>The PTL Club</i> and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1988–1995: Collapse of The PTL Club and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bakker#Controversy" title="Jim Bakker">Jim Bakker § Controversy</a></div> <p>The Bakkers' control of PTL collapsed in 1987 after revelations that $287,000 had been paid from the organization to buy the silence of <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hahn" title="Jessica Hahn">Jessica Hahn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pay_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pay-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who claims <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bakker" title="Jim Bakker">Jim Bakker</a> raped her.<sup id="cite_ref-cnntranscript_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnntranscript-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1997 book, <i>I Was Wrong</i>, Jim Bakker disputed Hahn's account, claiming that he was "set up" and that their sex was consensual.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakker1997512_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakker1997512-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revelations invited scrutiny of the Bakkers, and charges made about their opulent lives, including media reports of an air-conditioned doghouse at their <a href="/wiki/Tega_Cay,_South_Carolina" title="Tega Cay, South Carolina">Tega Cay, South Carolina</a>, lakefront parsonage as well as gold-plated bathroom fixtures, dominated newscasts in the 1980s. When asked about her income, Tammy Faye told reporters in 1986: "We don't get what <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> makes, and we work a lot harder than him."<sup id="cite_ref-rapid_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rapid-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple's Tega Cay home was later sold by the ministry and burned to the ground not long thereafter. Jim wrote in his book <i>I Was Wrong</i> that he watched the home burn on live television while incarcerated.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Observer">Charlotte Observer</a></i> subsequently ran exposés of PTL's finances and management practices. PTL went bankrupt after being taken over by <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a>-based Baptist televangelist <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Jerry Falwell</a>, who offered to step in following the scandals in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tammy Faye stood by Jim Bakker through the scandal, including several instances when she cried on camera. In 1989, Bakker was sentenced to 45 years in prison on 24 fraud and conspiracy counts (he served 5). In 1992, while Jim was in prison, Tammy Faye filed for divorce, saying in a letter to the New Covenant Church in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>: "For years I have been pretending that everything is all right, when in fact I hurt all the time... I cannot pretend anymore."<sup id="cite_ref-hartsoe_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hartsoe-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 3, 1993, she married property developer <a href="/wiki/Roe_Messner" title="Roe Messner">Roe Messner</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Mirage,_California" title="Rancho Mirage, California">Rancho Mirage, California</a>, after he divorced his first wife. They moved to the Charlotte suburb of <a href="/wiki/Matthews,_North_Carolina" title="Matthews, North Carolina">Matthews, North Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tammy Faye and Roe were neighbors to Christian recording star and friend David L Cook.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roe, who had a contracting business, Messner Enterprises in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Kansas" title="Andover, Kansas">Andover, Kansas</a>, had built much of Heritage USA as well as many large churches and had been a family friend to the Bakkers throughout the PTL years.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roe was the one who produced the money for the $265,000 payment to Hahn, later billing PTL for work never completed on the Jerusalem Amphitheater at <a href="/wiki/Heritage_USA" title="Heritage USA">Heritage USA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pay_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pay-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Bakkers' fraud trial, Roe Messner testified for Bakker's defense, saying that Bakker had no knowledge of the payment to Jessica Hahn, and that Falwell had sent him to the Bakker home in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs, California</a>, to offer generous compensation "if he kept his mouth shut."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996–2007:_Later_life_and_illness"><span id="1996.E2.80.932007:_Later_life_and_illness"></span>1996–2007: Later life and illness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1996–2007: Later life and illness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, Roe Messner was convicted of bankruptcy fraud, having claimed to owe nearly $30 million to over 300 creditors in 1990. As he faced sentencing in 1996, he said he could not afford to treat his prostate cancer because he lacked health insurance.<sup id="cite_ref-roe_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roe-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sentenced to and served 27 months in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With her first husband fresh out of jail and her current partner now serving his sentence, Tammy Faye was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Colon_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon cancer">colon cancer</a> in 1996, and she re-entered the public eye in a series of books, movies, and television appearances.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year she published her autobiography, <i>Tammy: Telling It My Way</i>, and co-hosted a TV talk show titled <i>The Jim J. and Tammy Faye Show</i> with <a href="/wiki/Jim_J._Bullock" title="Jim J. Bullock">Jim J. Bullock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She appeared twice on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Drew_Carey_Show" title="The Drew Carey Show">The Drew Carey Show</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Mimi%27s_Day_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimi's Day Parade">1996</a> and 1999, playing the mother of character <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Bobeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimi Bobeck">Mimi Bobeck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kathy_Kinney" title="Kathy Kinney">Kathy Kinney</a>), who was also known for wearing excessive amounts of makeup.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 11, 2003, Messner published a new autobiography, <i>I Will Survive... and You Will, Too!</i>, in which she described her battles with cancer<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her life with Roe Messner.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was the subject of a documentary titled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Eyes_of_Tammy_Faye_(2000_film)" title="The Eyes of Tammy Faye (2000 film)">The Eyes of Tammy Faye</a></i> (2000), narrated by <a href="/wiki/RuPaul" title="RuPaul">RuPaul</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-camhi_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camhi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a follow-up film titled <i>Tammy Faye: Death Defying</i> (2004).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite her background in <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalism</a>, Messner became a gay icon after parting from PTL, appearing in <a href="/wiki/Gay_Pride" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay Pride">Gay Pride</a> marches with figures such as <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bunny" title="Lady Bunny">Lady Bunny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Vilanch" title="Bruce Vilanch">Bruce Vilanch</a>. Unlike many American Christian fundamentalists, she "had long refused to denounce homosexuals" and publicly expressed compassion toward, and urged support for Americans with HIV/AIDS when it was still a much-feared and unknown disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsai2007_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsai2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was benevolently referred to as "the ultimate drag queen,"<sup id="cite_ref-tfbakker_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfbakker-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and said in her last interview with <a href="/wiki/Larry_King" title="Larry King">Larry King</a> that, "When I went – when we lost everything, it was the gay people that came to my rescue, and I will always love them for that."<sup id="cite_ref-tfbakker2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfbakker2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2004, she appeared on the second season of the <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a> reality television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Surreal_Life" title="The Surreal Life">The Surreal Life</a></i>. The show chronicled a twelve-day period wherein she, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Jeremy" title="Ron Jeremy">Ron Jeremy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanilla_Ice" title="Vanilla Ice">Vanilla Ice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traci_Bingham" title="Traci Bingham">Traci Bingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Estrada" title="Erik Estrada">Erik Estrada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trishelle_Cannatella" title="Trishelle Cannatella">Trishelle Cannatella</a> lived together in a Los Angeles house and were assigned various tasks and activities.<sup id="cite_ref-surreal_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surreal-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, the six put on a children's play and managed a restaurant for a day. She also attended a <a href="/wiki/Book_signing" title="Book signing">book signing</a> for her best-seller, <i>I Will Survive... And You Will Too</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the show, Messner said she thought of Vanilla Ice and Trishelle Cannatella as her children and could relate to them deeply because she had similar feelings and problems when she was their age. </p><p>In July 2007, on more solid financial footing, the Messners relocated to <a href="/wiki/Loch_Lloyd,_Missouri" title="Loch Lloyd, Missouri">Loch Lloyd, Missouri</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>. Jim Bakker had relocated his operations to <a href="/wiki/Branson,_Missouri" title="Branson, Missouri">Branson, Missouri</a>, in 2003. She told <i><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight" title="Entertainment Tonight">Entertainment Tonight</a></i> they had moved to the "dream house" to be closer to Roe's children and grandchildren from his first marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Messner's 11 years with cancer were highly publicized. She was first diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colon cancer</a> in March 1996, but later revealed she had endured bleeding for a year out of embarrassment at the prospect of seeing a male doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disease went into remission by the end of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2004, Messner made an appearance on <i><a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Live" title="Larry King Live">Larry King Live</a></i> and announced that she had inoperable lung cancer and would soon begin chemotherapy.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She continued to receive chemotherapy throughout mid-2004. In November 2004, also on <i>Larry King Live</i>, she announced that she was cancer-free once again. She described the details of her chemotherapy and continued to appear regularly on King's show.<sup id="cite_ref-WhatHappened_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhatHappened-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A television documentary of her struggle with cancer was produced in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was on King's program again that she announced in July 2005 that her cancer had returned.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a March 2006 appearance on the show, she said she was continuing to suffer from lung cancer, which had reached <a href="/wiki/Cancer_staging" title="Cancer staging">stage 4</a>, and that she was continuing to receive treatment for it. She also mentioned having difficulty swallowing food, suffering from <a href="/wiki/Panic_attack" title="Panic attack">panic attacks</a>, and enduring substantial weight loss. As her health continued to worsen, a "Talk of the Town" article in an October 2006 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> stated that she was dying in <a href="/wiki/Hospice_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospice care">hospice care</a>, and a December 2006 article in Walter Scott's column in <i><a href="/wiki/Parade_(magazine)" title="Parade (magazine)">Parade</a></i> reported that her son Jay was "at a North Carolina hospice with his mom, [who is] gravely ill with colon cancer".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Messner was a guest by phone on <i>Larry King Live</i> in December 2006, and said that she was receiving hospice care in her home. She appeared in her son Jay's documentary series <i><a href="/wiki/One_Punk_Under_God" title="One Punk Under God">One Punk Under God</a></i>, wherein they talked about her cancer treatments. In one episode, she required the use of oxygen in order to talk. </p><p>In May 2007, she issued a statement on her website saying that chemotherapy had stopped, and she urged her fans to continue to pray for her.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story was reported on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">The Today Show</a></i>, and a feature in which fans and well-wishers could post get-well messages to Tammy was added to her website.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 18, 2007, Messner made her final appearance on <i>Larry King Live</i>. At the time, she said she weighed 65 pounds (29.5 kg) and was unable to eat solid food. Messner's husband later said that he believed she chose to do the interview to say a final goodbye to her fans.<sup id="cite_ref-WhatHappened_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhatHappened-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two days later, on July 20, 2007, Messner died at her home in <a href="/wiki/Loch_Lloyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Loch Lloyd">Loch Lloyd</a>, near Kansas City, Missouri, after an eleven-year bout with cancer. She was 65 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A family service was held on the morning of July 21, at the Messner family plot in <a href="/wiki/Waldron,_Kansas" title="Waldron, Kansas">Waldron, Kansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremony was officiated by Rev. Randy McCain, the pastor of Open Door Community Church in <a href="/wiki/Sherwood,_Arkansas" title="Sherwood, Arkansas">Sherwood, Arkansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to CNN, the family requested that King officially report the news of her death.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her remains were cremated and her ashes were returned to Waldron Cemetery where they were subsequently buried.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2006, a <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">stage musical</a> titled <i>The Gospel According to Tammy Faye</i> opened at the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Fringe_Festival" title="Cincinnati Fringe Festival">Cincinnati Fringe Festival</a> and was subsequently developed as a larger professional production. The show features songs by <a href="/wiki/J._T._Buck" title="J. T. Buck">J. T. Buck</a> and a book by Fernando Dovalina. The musical is described as a <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia (music)">fantasia</a> which takes a balanced and fair look at its subject. The impetus for the show was provided by a lengthy interview that Messner gave the authors in March 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lw_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lw-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The musical aired in August 2006 in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hood_River,_Oregon" title="Hood River, Oregon">Hood River, Oregon</a>, and it was presented on stage at <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alley_Theatre" title="Alley Theatre">Alley Theatre</a> at the end of July 2007 under direction of Les R. Wood. Industry readings presented by the Columbia Gorge Repertory Company were held at the Manhattan Theatre Club in December 2007, the cast including Tony nominee <a href="/wiki/Sally_Mayes" title="Sally Mayes">Sally Mayes</a> and veteran Broadway performers William Youmans, Ken Land, Julie Foldesi, James T. Lane and Heather Parcells. The readings were directed by Mindy Cooper. Seth Farber provided musical direction. </p><p>Another musical following her life, titled <i>Big Tent</i>, debuted in May 2007, at <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">off-Broadway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_World_Stages" title="New World Stages">New World Stages</a>, in New York City. The show features music and lyrics by Ben Cohn and Sean McDaniel, a book by <a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Self" title="Jeffery Self">Jeffery Self</a>, and direction by <a href="/wiki/Ryan_J._Davis" title="Ryan J. Davis">Ryan J. Davis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A star-studded concert of songs from the show opened in February 2008, at New York's Metropolitan Room.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A play about her final hours, <i>Tammy Faye's Final Audition</i> by Merri Biechler, premiered at the Cincinnati Fringe Festival in June 2015. The play takes place in a fevered dream at the end of her life, wherein she enlists the men in her life for one final TV talk show audition.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A musical about the life of <a href="/wiki/BeBe_Winans" title="BeBe Winans">BeBe Winans</a>, <i>Born for This</i>, debuted on June 25, 2018, at the Emerson Cutler Majestic Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts. Tammy Faye and Jim Bakker appear as supporting characters who give BeBe and his sister <a href="/wiki/CeCe_Winans" title="CeCe Winans">CeCe</a> their first big break as singers on <i><a href="/wiki/The_PTL_Club" title="The PTL Club">The PTL Club</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At one time, Broadway actress <a href="/wiki/Kristin_Chenoweth" title="Kristin Chenoweth">Kristin Chenoweth</a> was planning a musical based on Messner's life.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2021 movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Eyes_of_Tammy_Faye_(2021_film)" title="The Eyes of Tammy Faye (2021 film)">The Eyes of Tammy Faye</a></i>, based on the 2000 documentary of the same name, <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Chastain" title="Jessica Chastain">Jessica Chastain</a> plays Tammy Faye, with <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garfield" title="Andrew Garfield">Andrew Garfield</a> as Jim. <i>The Eyes of Tammy Faye</i> opened on September 17, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chastain won a <a href="/wiki/Critics_Choice_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Critics Choice Award">Critics Choice Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen Actors Guild Award">Screen Actors Guild Award</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pulver_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulver-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British playwright <a href="/wiki/James_Graham_(playwright)" title="James Graham (playwright)">James Graham</a> also wrote the book for a new musical about Tammy Faye, with music by <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Jake_Shears" title="Jake Shears">Jake Shears</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The musical, titled <i><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Faye_(musical)" title="Tammy Faye (musical)">Tammy Faye</a></i>, opened in October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Almeida_Theatre" title="Almeida Theatre">Almeida Theatre</a> in London, directed by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Goold" title="Rupert Goold">Rupert Goold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Select_discography">Select discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Select discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Album</th> <th>Record Label </th></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td><i>Tammy Tammy Tammy</i></td> <td>Hymntone Records </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977</td> <td><i>Tammy Bakker Sings PTL Club Favorites</i></td> <td>New Pax Records </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td><i>Love Never Gives Up</i></td> <td>PAX Musical Productions </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979</td> <td><i>We're Blest</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_PTL_Club" title="The PTL Club">PTL Club Records & Tapes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td><i>Run Toward the Roar</i></td> <td>PTL Club Records & Tapes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td><i>The Lord's On My Side</i></td> <td>PTL Club Records & Tapes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982</td> <td><i>Tammy Sings... You Can Make It!</i></td> <td>PTL Club Records & Tapes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982</td> <td><i>Old Hymns</i></td> <td>PTL Club Records & Tapes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td><i>In the Upper Room</i></td> <td>PTL Club Records & Tapes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td><i>Movin' on to Victory</i></td> <td>PTL Club Records & Tapes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td><i>Don't Give Up!</i></td> <td>PTL Club Records & Tapes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td><i>Enough is Enough</i></td> <td>PTL Club Records & Tapes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987</td> <td><i>The Ballad of Jim & Tammy</i> (single)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra_Records" title="Kama Sutra Records">Sutra Records</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988</td> <td><i>Peace in the Midst of the Storm</i></td> <td>Wooded Lake Productions </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td><i>Love, Tammy</i></td> <td>??? </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996</td> <td><i>Favorite Songs of Inspiration</i></td> <td>Inphomation Communications, Inc. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>I Gotta Be Me </i> (1978), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0089221480" title="Special:BookSources/978-0089221480">978-0089221480</a></li> <li><i>Run to the Roar</i> (1985), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0892210732" title="Special:BookSources/978-0892210732">978-0892210732</a></li> <li><i>Tammy: Telling It My Way</i> (1996), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780679445159" title="Special:BookSources/9780679445159">9780679445159</a></li> <li><i>I Will Survive...and You Will Too!</i> (2003), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781585422425" title="Special:BookSources/9781585422425">9781585422425</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distractify.com/fyi/2019/01/17/ZKzKe3bie/where-are-jim-and-tammy-faye-bakker-now">"30 Years Later, a Look Back at Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker's Scandal-Filled Ministry"</a>. <i>Distractify</i>. 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Alex (July 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215209/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19899883/ns/us_news-faith/t/through-it-all-tammy-faye-never-wavered/">"Through it all, Tammy Faye never wavered"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19899883/ns/us_news-faith/t/through-it-all-tammy-faye-never-wavered/">the original</a> on July 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Foster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.charlotteobserver.com/living/religion/article200298814.html">"What happened to Tammy Faye Bakker after the PTL scandal?"</a>. <i>charlotteobserver</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TammyFaye.com&rft.atitle=Well+Wishes+for+Tammy+Faye%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tammyfaye.com%2Fwellwishes.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaines2007" class="citation news cs1">Gaines, Anita (July 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/us/22bakker.html">"Tammy Faye Bakker, 65, Emotive Evangelist, Dies"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tammy+Faye+Bakker%2C+65%2C+Emotive+Evangelist%2C+Dies&rft.date=2007-07-22&rft.aulast=Gaines&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F07%2F22%2Fus%2F22bakker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0708/07/lkl.01.html">"Miners Trapped in Utah; Roe Messner Interview"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. August 7, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Miners+Trapped+in+Utah%3B+Roe+Messner+Interview&rft.date=2007-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F0708%2F07%2Flkl.01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2007" class="citation news cs1">Stone, Andrea (July 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=3404398&page=1">"Tributes Pour In For Tammy Faye Messner"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Tributes+Pour+In+For+Tammy+Faye+Messner&rft.date=2007-07-23&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fstory%3Fid%3D3404398%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNN_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/07/21/tammy.faye/index.html?section=cnn_latest">"Tammy Faye Messner dies"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. July 21, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Tammy+Faye+Messner+dies&rft.date=2007-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2007%2FUS%2F07%2F21%2Ftammy.faye%2Findex.html%3Fsection%3Dcnn_latest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/public-memorial-planned-for-tammy-faye/">"Public Memorial Planned For Tammy Faye"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. July 21, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Public+Memorial+Planned+For+Tammy+Faye&rft.date=2007-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpublic-memorial-planned-for-tammy-faye%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Gospel According to Tammy Faye' New Musical Reading", <i>Broadway World News</i>, December 5, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lw-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lw_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindsay Wise, "On stage, Tammy Faye lives on: Musical creators say show is a good way to say goodbye", <i>Houston Chronicle</i>, July 22, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/New-Musical-Big-Tent-Covers-Life-of-Tammy-Faye-Bakker-20061116">"New Musical 'Big Tent' Covers Life of Tammy Faye Bakker"</a>. <i>Broadway World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadway+World&rft.atitle=New+Musical+%27Big+Tent%27+Covers+Life+of+Tammy+Faye+Bakker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Farticle%2FNew-Musical-Big-Tent-Covers-Life-of-Tammy-Faye-Bakker-20061116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/114554.html">Playbill News: Block, Arcelus, Hocking, Stanek and More Set for Tammy Faye Sings Concert</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080127110927/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/114554.html">Archived</a> January 27, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpple" class="citation news cs1">Epple, Aaron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817192501/http://www.journal-news.com/news/events/cincinnati-fringe-festival-returns-for-its-12th-ye/nmJ7w/">"Cincinnati Fringe Festival returns for its 12th year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal-News" title="Journal-News">Journal-News</a></i>. Liberty Township, Butler County, Ohio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journal-news.com/news/events/cincinnati-fringe-festival-returns-for-its-12th-ye/nmJ7w/">the original</a> on August 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal-News&rft.atitle=Cincinnati+Fringe+Festival+returns+for+its+12th+year&rft.aulast=Epple&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journal-news.com%2Fnews%2Fevents%2Fcincinnati-fringe-festival-returns-for-its-12th-ye%2FnmJ7w%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAucoin" class="citation news cs1">Aucoin, Don. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2018/06/25/spirited-but-flawed-born-for-this/fT25J6T06s23TKPJyPTE4M/story.html">"Stage Review: A spirited but flawed 'Born for This'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Stage+Review%3A+A+spirited+but+flawed+%27Born+for+This%27&rft.aulast=Aucoin&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Farts%2F2018%2F06%2F25%2Fspirited-but-flawed-born-for-this%2FfT25J6T06s23TKPJyPTE4M%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLogan_Culwell-Block2019" class="citation web cs1">Logan Culwell-Block (January 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playbill.com/article/kristin-chenoweth-on-why-shes-bringing-the-story-of-tammy-faye-bakker-to-the-stage">"Kristin Chenoweth on Why She's Bringing the Story of Tammy Faye Bakker to the Stage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Kristin+Chenoweth+on+Why+She%27s+Bringing+the+Story+of+Tammy+Faye+Bakker+to+the+Stage&rft.date=2019-01-18&rft.au=Logan+Culwell-Block&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Farticle%2Fkristin-chenoweth-on-why-shes-bringing-the-story-of-tammy-faye-bakker-to-the-stage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2021/06/the-eyes-of-tammy-faye-2021-trailer.html">"Praise the Lord, We've Got an Eyes of Tammy Faye Trailer"</a>. June 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Praise+the+Lord%2C+We%27ve+Got+an+Eyes+of+Tammy+Faye+Trailer&rft.date=2021-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2021%2F06%2Fthe-eyes-of-tammy-faye-2021-trailer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pulver-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pulver_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulver2022" class="citation news cs1">Pulver, Andrew (March 27, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/mar/28/jessica-chastain-wins-best-actress-oscar-for-the-eyes-of-tammy-faye">"Jessica Chastain wins best actress Oscar for The Eyes of Tammy Faye"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London, United Kingdom<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Jessica+Chastain+wins+best+actress+Oscar+for+The+Eyes+of+Tammy+Faye&rft.date=2022-03-27&rft.aulast=Pulver&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2022%2Fmar%2F28%2Fjessica-chastain-wins-best-actress-oscar-for-the-eyes-of-tammy-faye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/dec/31/james-graham-reveals-covid-crisis-accelerated-elton-john-musical-collaboration">"James Graham reveals Covid crisis accelerated Elton John musical collaboration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. December 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=James+Graham+reveals+Covid+crisis+accelerated+Elton+John+musical+collaboration&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2020%2Fdec%2F31%2Fjames-graham-reveals-covid-crisis-accelerated-elton-john-musical-collaboration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwood2022" class="citation web cs1">Sherwood, Harriet (August 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2022/aug/23/musical-tammy-faye-tells-gay-icons-life-story-with-score-by-elton-john">"Musical Tammy Faye tells gay icon's life story with score by Elton John"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Musical+Tammy+Faye+tells+gay+icon%27s+life+story+with+score+by+Elton+John&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2022%2Faug%2F23%2Fmusical-tammy-faye-tells-gay-icons-life-story-with-score-by-elton-john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekkering2018" class="citation book cs1">Bekkering, Denis (2018). <i>American Televangelism and Participatory Cultures: Fans, Brands, and Play With Religious "Fakes"</i>. Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Televangelism+and+Participatory+Cultures%3A+Fans%2C+Brands%2C+and+Play+With+Religious+%22Fakes%22&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Bekkering&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATammy+Faye+Messner" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Faye_Messner&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emmytvlegends.org/interviews/people/tammy-faye-bakker-messner">Tammy Faye Messner Interview</a> at <a href="/wiki/Archive_of_American_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive of American Television">Archive of American Television</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1145322">The Re-Invention of Tammy Faye: Former Christian Broadcasting Queen Has New Gay Following</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> <i>All Things Considered</i>, June 20, 2002</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1599635">Interview of Tammy Faye Messner by Terry Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> <i>Fresh Air</i>, January 15, 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0049176/">Tammy Faye Bakker</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/20565033">Tammy Faye Messner</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Fletcher" title="John Wesley Fletcher">John Wesley Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hahn" title="Jessica Hahn">Jessica Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Daniel_Potter" title="Robert Daniel Potter">Robert Daniel Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Swaggart" title="Jimmy Swaggart">Jimmy Swaggart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fall_from_Grace_(1990_film)" title="Fall from Grace (1990 film)">Fall from Grace</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eyes_of_Tammy_Faye_(2000_film)" title="The Eyes of Tammy Faye (2000 film)"><i>The Eyes of Tammy Faye</i> (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eyes_of_Tammy_Faye_(2021_film)" title="The Eyes of Tammy Faye (2021 film)"><i>The Eyes of Tammy Faye</i> (2021 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q454364#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q454364#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000031075073">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/195149196252074790136">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1481617/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87880920">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p153124938">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/7005095">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812625000405606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/669433e4-6bd6-4788-8299-a5d224453d19">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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