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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neo-Indian_period:_the_Caquetío" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neo-Indian_period:_the_Caquetío"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Neo-Indian period: the Caquetío</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neo-Indian_period:_the_Caquetío-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caquetío_chiefdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caquetío_chiefdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Caquetío chiefdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caquetío_chiefdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_units_and_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_units_and_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Political units and governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_units_and_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture,_trade,_and_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture,_trade,_and_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Agriculture, trade, and network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture,_trade,_and_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Burial practices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burial_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_indigenous_Aruban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_indigenous_Aruban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Last indigenous Aruban</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_indigenous_Aruban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spanish period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_explorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_explorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Early explorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_explorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conquistadors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conquistadors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Conquistadors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conquistadors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_ranch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_ranch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Spanish ranch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_ranch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Dutch_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Dutch_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Early Dutch period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Dutch_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dutch_conquest:_salt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_conquest:_salt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Dutch conquest: salt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_conquest:_salt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Netherland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Netherland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>New Netherland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Netherland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slavery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Slavery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_interregnum_and_economic_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_interregnum_and_economic_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>English interregnum and economic development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_interregnum_and_economic_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>20th and 21st centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Autonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_and_natural_hazards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_and_natural_hazards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Climate and natural hazards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_and_natural_hazards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aruba</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 166 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%A9%E1%89%A3" title="አሩባ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አሩባ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="अरूबा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अरूबा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="أروبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أروبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="আৰুবা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৰুবা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="अरूबा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अरूबा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="آروبا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آروبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="আরুবা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরুবা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwba" title="Arwba – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arwba" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%84%DE%A7" title="އަރޫބާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަރޫބާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Αρούμπα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρούμπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arubo" title="Arubo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arubo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="آروبا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آروبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%BBba" title="Arûba – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Arûba" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%BAba" title="Arúba – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Arúba" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BE" title="અરુબા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અરુબા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="अरुबा – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अरुबा" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A3%A8%EB%B0%94" title="아루바 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아루바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A1" title="Արուբա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արուբա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="अरूबा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अरूबा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="আরুবা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আরুবা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%C3%A6" title="Арубæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Арубæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%BAba" title="Arúba – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Arúba" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ארובה (טריטוריה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארובה (טריטוריה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE" title="ಅರುಬಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರುಬಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="არუბა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არუბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awouba" title="Awouba – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Awouba" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2" title="ອາຣູບາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາຣູບາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC" title="അരൂബ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അരൂബ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="अरूबा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अरूबा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="არუბა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არუბა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="اروبا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اروبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="آروبا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آروبا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="अरुबा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अरुबा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90" title="アルバ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルバ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruuba" title="Aruuba – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aruuba" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AC" title="ଅରୁବ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅରୁବ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਰੂਬਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰੂਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="اروبا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اروبا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="اروبا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اروبا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruuba" title="Aruuba – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aruuba" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F" title="අරුබා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අරුබා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="ئارووبا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئارووبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="அரூபா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரூபா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A2%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="ဢႃႇရူးပႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဢႃႇရူးပႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE" title="అరూబా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అరూబా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="อารูบา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อารูบา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAlupa" title="ʻAlupa – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAlupa" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B7%E1%8F%86" title="ᎠᎷᏆ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎷᏆ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аруба – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аруба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="اروبا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اروبا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="ئارۇبا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئارۇبا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruuwa" title="Aruuwa – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Aruuwa" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4" title="阿鲁巴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿鲁巴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80r%C3%BAb%C3%A0" title="Àrúbà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àrúbà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%AD%AF%E5%B7%B4%E5%B3%B6" title="阿魯巴島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿魯巴島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Aruba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%AD%AF%E5%B7%B4" title="阿魯巴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿魯巴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21203#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aruba&params=12_30_N_69_58_W_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">69°58′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.500°N 69.967°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.500; -69.967</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-aruba.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dutch Caribbean island country</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the island country. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Aruba_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Aruba (disambiguation)">Aruba (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Constituent country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Aruba</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Constituent country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-pol-div-official-below"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Country of Aruba<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Land Aruba</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Papiamento-language text"><i lang="pap">Pais Aruba</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Papiamento_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Papiamento language">Papiamento</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Aruba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Aruba"><img alt="Flag of Aruba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/125px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/188px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/250px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Aruba" title="Flag of Aruba">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aruba_wapen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Aruba"><img alt="Official seal of Aruba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Aruba_wapen.svg/85px-Aruba_wapen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Aruba_wapen.svg/128px-Aruba_wapen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Aruba_wapen.svg/170px-Aruba_wapen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="395" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba" title="Coat of arms of Aruba">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: "<a href="/wiki/Aruba_Dushi_Tera" title="Aruba Dushi Tera">Aruba Dushi Tera</a>"<br />(English: <span lang="en">"Aruba, Sweet Land"</span>)<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="127" data-mwtitle="Aruba_Dushi_Tera_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Aruba_Dushi_Tera_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Aruba_Dushi_Tera_instrumental.ogg/Aruba_Dushi_Tera_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Royal anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus" title="Wilhelmus">Wilhelmus</a>"<br />(English: <span lang="en">"William of Nassau"</span>)<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="65" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_(tempo_corrected).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=pap&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pap" label="Papiamentu ‪(pap)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aruba_in_its_region_(zoom).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Aruba (circled in red)"><img alt="Location of Aruba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Aruba_in_its_region_%28zoom%29.svg/290px-Aruba_in_its_region_%28zoom%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Aruba_in_its_region_%28zoom%29.svg/435px-Aruba_in_its_region_%28zoom%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Aruba_in_its_region_%28zoom%29.svg/580px-Aruba_in_its_region_%28zoom%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="197" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of Aruba (circled in red)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aruba_World_Wind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aruba_World_Wind.jpg/290px-Aruba_World_Wind.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aruba_World_Wind.jpg/435px-Aruba_World_Wind.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aruba_World_Wind.jpg/580px-Aruba_World_Wind.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="928" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Satellite view of Aruba</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before separation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country status</th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1986</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-pol-div-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oranjestad,_Aruba" title="Oranjestad, Aruba">Oranjestad</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aruba&params=12_31_7_N_70_2_9_W_type:city(28,300)_NL-AW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°31′7″N</span> <span class="longitude">70°2′9″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.51861°N 70.03583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.51861; -70.03583</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"> (2020)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><u>note</u>: population by nationality</i></li><li>Dutch 78.7%</li><li>Colombian 6.6%</li><li>Venezuelan 5.5%</li><li>Dominican 2.8%</li><li>Haitian 1.3%</li><li>other 5.1%<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Aruba" title="Culture of Aruba">Aruban</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Aruba" title="Politics of Aruba">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolved</a> parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Aruba" title="Governor of Aruba">Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Boekhoudt" title="Alfonso Boekhoudt">Alfonso Boekhoudt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wever-Croes" title="Evelyn Wever-Croes">Evelyn Wever-Croes</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Aruba" title="Parliament of Aruba">Parliament of Aruba</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Aruba" title="Geography of Aruba">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">180<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rijksoverheid.nl_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rijksoverheid.nl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (69 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">189th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">negligible</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">188 m (617 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Aruba" title="Demographics of Aruba">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2022 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">106,203<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">180th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2020 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">108,166<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">560.4/km<sup>2</sup> (1,451.4/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $5.502 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.AW_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.AW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $51,352<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.AW_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.AW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $3.827 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.AW_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.AW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $35,717<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.AW_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.AW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aruban_florin" title="Aruban florin">Aruban florin</a> (ƒ) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">AWG</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4:00">UTC−4:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Time_Zone" title="Atlantic Time Zone">AST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">Mains electricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">127 V/60 Hz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Aruba" title="Telephone numbers in Aruba">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Aruba" title="Telephone numbers in Aruba">+297</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AW" title="ISO 3166-2:AW">AW</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:NL" title="ISO 3166-2:NL">NL-AW</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.aw" title=".aw">.aw</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://overheid.aw">overheid<wbr />.aw</a></span> (government), <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aruba.com">aruba<wbr />.com</a></span> (tourism board)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Aruba</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ə-<span style="font-size:90%">ROO</span>-bə</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[aːˈrubaː]</a></span> <small>or</small> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[aːˈrybaː]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d4\/Nl-Aruba.ogg\/Nl-Aruba.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Aruba.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Nl-Aruba.ogg/Nl-Aruba.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Aruba.ogg" title="File:Nl-Aruba.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Papiamento:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pap-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[aˈruba]</a></span>), officially the <b>Country of Aruba</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Land Aruba</i>; <a href="/wiki/Papiamento_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Papiamento language">Papiamento</a>: <i lang="pap">Pais Aruba</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">constituent country</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, in the southern <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan">Venezuelan</a> peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Paraguan%C3%A1_Peninsula" title="Paraguaná Peninsula">Paraguaná</a> and 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, it became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands and acquired the formal name the Country of Aruba. </p><p>Aruba has an area of 179 km<sup>2</sup> (69.1 sq mi). Aruba measures 32 kilometres (20 mi) in length from its northwestern to its southeastern end and is 10 kilometres (6 mi) across at its widest point.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alongside <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a> and Curaçao, Aruba forms a group referred to as the <a href="/wiki/ABC_islands_(Leeward_Antilles)" title="ABC islands (Leeward Antilles)">ABC islands</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean" title="Dutch Caribbean">Dutch Caribbean</a> encompasses the ABC islands along with the other three substantial islands, the <a href="/wiki/SSS_islands" title="SSS islands">SSS islands</a>. In contrast to much of the Caribbean, which experiences humid tropical climates, Aruba has a dry climate with an arid <a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">xeric</a> landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relatively warm and sunny weather persists throughout the year. </p><p>With a population of 108,166,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba is home to about one-third of the population of the Dutch Caribbean. As one of the four countries in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, Curaçao, and <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>, Aruba shares Dutch nationality with its citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba lacks administrative subdivisions but is divided into eight regions for census purposes with <a href="/wiki/Oranjestad,_Aruba" title="Oranjestad, Aruba">Oranjestad</a> as its capital.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Aruba" title="Name of Aruba">Name of Aruba</a></div> <p>The name Aruba most likely came from the <a href="/wiki/Caquet%C3%ADo_language" title="Caquetío language">Caquetío</a> <i>Oruba</i> which means "well situated island", seeing as it was the <a href="/wiki/Caquetio" title="Caquetio">Caquetío</a> who were present on the island when <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ojeda" title="Alonso de Ojeda">Alonso de Ojeda</a> arrived in the 16th century. Between 1529 and the 1648 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Treaty of Westphalia</a>, the name "Isla de Oruba" was used for the island by the Spanish. The island was ceded to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a>, and gradually its name was changed to Aruba. </p><p>There were many different names for Aruba used by other Amerindian groups, all of which could have contributed to the present-day name Aruba. Another Caquetío name for the island was <i>Oibubia</i> which means "Guided island". The <a href="/wiki/Taino" class="mw-redirect" title="Taino">Taino</a> name for the island was <i>Arubeira</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kalinago" title="Kalinago">Kalinago</a> also had two names for the island <i>Ora Oubao</i> which means "Shell island"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Oirubae</i> which means "Companion of Curaçao". </p><p>A common misconception is that the name "Aruba" came from <i>Oro hubo,</i> (Spanish for "There was gold once"). However, the Spanish declared these islands <i>islas inútiles</i>, meaning "useless islands", due to their apparent lack of mineral wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until 1824 that gold was discovered on Aruba by a 12-year-old herder named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Rasmijn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Rasmijn (page does not exist)">Willem Rasmijn</a>, leading to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruban_Gold_Rush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aruban Gold Rush (page does not exist)">Aruban Gold Rush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-ceramic_age">Pre-ceramic age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-ceramic age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Aruba's prehistoric era, there were distinct periods: the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aceramic" title="Aceramic">Pre-Ceramic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Neo-Indian</a> or Ceramic (Dabajuroïd)  period.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Archaic occupation of Aruba continued well into the first millennium AD, which is relatively late in compared to other parts of the insular Caribbean. The archaic lifestyle revolved around a food economy based on <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">fishing, hunting, and gathering</a>, with a strong emphasis on marine resources. Ceramics were absent, as was horticulture and agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weapons and tools were predominantly crafted from stone.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sharp-edged ax blades, chisels, and knives were commonly used, with the knives distinguishable by their elongated shape and flat blades.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One notable site, Sero Muskita, yielded a tool that is older than other archaic age sites on the island. The finishing techniques and shape of this tool resembles one found at Arikok, suggesting a date before approximately 2000 BC. The presence of these tools on the island may be from occasional visits from the mainland. In total, 33 archaic age sites have been identified on Aruba.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-198_Stenen_bijlkling_Aruba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-198_Stenen_bijlkling_Aruba.jpg/181px-Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-198_Stenen_bijlkling_Aruba.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-198_Stenen_bijlkling_Aruba.jpg/272px-Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-198_Stenen_bijlkling_Aruba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-198_Stenen_bijlkling_Aruba.jpg/362px-Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-198_Stenen_bijlkling_Aruba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1220" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-193_Stenen_vuistbijl_Aruba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-193_Stenen_vuistbijl_Aruba.jpg/153px-Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-193_Stenen_vuistbijl_Aruba.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-193_Stenen_vuistbijl_Aruba.jpg/230px-Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-193_Stenen_vuistbijl_Aruba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-193_Stenen_vuistbijl_Aruba.jpg/306px-Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-2344-193_Stenen_vuistbijl_Aruba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1354" data-file-height="1306" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">(left) Stone axe blade (right) Stone hand axe</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_human_migration_and_cultural_exchange">Early human migration and cultural exchange</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early human migration and cultural exchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During this period, the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> maintained connections and engaged in trade with mainland South America, particularly with partners in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Falc%C3%B3n" title="Falcón">Falcón</a>-<a href="/wiki/Zulia" title="Zulia">Zulia</a> state in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> and possibly the <a href="/wiki/Guajira_Peninsula" title="Guajira Peninsula">La Guajira Peninsula</a> (Venezuela/<a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>). The specific language group to which they belonged remains uncertain. This theory is supported by the discovery of 60 to 70 Amerindian cemetery burial grounds in <a href="/wiki/Malmok" title="Malmok">Malmok</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Canashito" title="Canashito">Canashito</a>. Burial sites at Canashito are dated between 100 BC to 100 AD. <a href="/wiki/Isotope_analysis" title="Isotope analysis">isotopic</a> research revealed that one of the individuals buried there was not from Aruba and had a different diet compared to the other four individuals of Aruban origin. This finding suggests that early <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">human migration</a> and cultural exchange were already part of the cultural pattern of these archaic Indians at an early stage.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The burial site in Malmok dates to between 450 and 1000 AD. The Arubans of that time had a short and stocky physique, with adult men averaging 1.57 metres (5.2 ft) in height and women averaging 1.49 metres (4.9 ft). The burial customs offer insight into the social dynamics of the archaic island inhabitants. Based on the burial patterns,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was deduced that they traveled in clans of 15 to 30 people. These groups were led by an adult man who was buried at the center of the cluster. His elevated status was emphasized by the presence of several stones marking his grave. The rest of the family group was buried around him.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NL-HaNA_4.JBF_206.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/NL-HaNA_4.JBF_206.jpg/220px-NL-HaNA_4.JBF_206.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/NL-HaNA_4.JBF_206.jpg/330px-NL-HaNA_4.JBF_206.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/NL-HaNA_4.JBF_206.jpg/440px-NL-HaNA_4.JBF_206.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2949" data-file-height="2218" /></a><figcaption>Sketch of hieroglyphs found of earlier presence of former inhabitants, drawn on cave roof with reddish ocre-like paint, ratio 1/20. (1827)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neo-Indian_period:_the_Caquetío"><span id="Neo-Indian_period:_the_Caquet.C3.ADo"></span>Neo-Indian period: the Caquetío</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Neo-Indian period: the Caquetío"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/A.J._van_Koolwijk" title="A.J. van Koolwijk">A.J. van Koolwijk</a></div> <p>The archaic population disappeared from Aruba from the archeological record around 950 AD, shortly after the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">neo-Indian</a>—<a href="/wiki/Caquetio" title="Caquetio">Caquetío</a>. It is clear that the Caquetíos had a superior culture in socio-economic and technological terms. It is possible that the Caquetío lived alongside the archaic Indians for a time and that they were ultimately displaced or assimilated.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Caquetío belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a> people. The origin of Arawak civilization (a name based on a linguistic classification) is located in the central <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon</a> region. Between 1500 and 500 BC, the influence of the Arawaks had expanded to the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Basin" title="Caribbean Basin">Caribbean Basin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">Guianas</a>. Between 850 and 1000 AD, Caquetío Indians migrated from western Venezuela, probably from the Paraguaná and Guajire peninsulas, to the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Antilles" title="Leeward Antilles">Leeward Antilles</a>. They belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawak-Maipure</a> language family.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Caquetío refers to how this group referred to themselves during their first contact with Europeans. They had longer and narrower skulls than the archaic population, and their height was up to 1.60 metres (5.2 ft). The newcomers brought pottery and agriculture to the islands and are therefore classified as part of the neo-Indian period.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caquetío_chiefdom"><span id="Caquet.C3.ADo_chiefdom"></span>Caquetío chiefdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Caquetío chiefdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area over which the legendary cacique Manaure exercised his authority was the coastal region of the current state Falcón-Zulia at Venezuela, including the Paraguaná Peninsula, as well as Aruba, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>. The Caquetío people had a highly developed process of state formation. They had a chiefdom, which in human evolution is often a precursor to a kingdom, where central leaders—<a href="/wiki/Paramount_chief" title="Paramount chief"><i>paramount chiefs</i></a>—controlled multiple subordinate political-administrative units.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emphasis was more on the political and religious alliances between indigenous communities than on the military control or subjugate vast territories. </p><p>At the head of the Caquetío chiefdom was a spiritual leader called <i>diao</i> who had both secular and religious authority in modern terms. He was endowed with powers that could influence nature: a shaman. The diao position was hereditary. By being allowed to marry multiple wives, the diao was able to establish and maintain political alliances with other groups, tribes, or villages. The chiefdom was centralized in its design, but not based on authoritarian or violence-based subjugation.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a> interrupted this process of expansion at the time of the European contact (AD 1499–1535). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political_units_and_governance">Political units and governance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political units and governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Caquetío territory consisted of several small political units that were under the authority of lower "second-tier chiefs" who were subordinate to the highest authority.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> How the central authority was exercised over the units is not clear. However, there are reports from the contact period that suggest the diao did not exert his power over the lower units in arbitrary manner. Likely there was a form of consultation between the diao and lower leaders. In the 16th century, two sub-units, the <a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guaranos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amuay" title="Amuay">Amuayes</a>, lived on the Paraguaná Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba, which is less than 30 kilometers away from Paraguaná, was previously connected to one of these units.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aruban-pot-AKw-541.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Aruban-pot-AKw-541.jpg/220px-Aruban-pot-AKw-541.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Aruban-pot-AKw-541.jpg/330px-Aruban-pot-AKw-541.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Aruban-pot-AKw-541.jpg/440px-Aruban-pot-AKw-541.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="3972" /></a><figcaption>Aruban pot (before 1881). Colonial records often give a one-sided perspective on the indigenous heritage. Original inhabitants of the Caribbean had many languages and cultures. And there was considerable exchange of ideas and produce. — <a href="/wiki/Wereldmuseum_Amsterdam" title="Wereldmuseum Amsterdam">Tropenmuseum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the diao and the regional sub-units, such as the mentioned Guaranaos an Amuayes in Paraguaná, the village formed the third level of governance in the hierarchy of the chiefdom. Aruba had (not simultaneously) five villages: three larger ones Ceri Noca (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Aruba" title="Santa Cruz, Aruba">Santa Cruz</a>), Tanki Flip (<a href="/wiki/Noord" title="Noord">Noord</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Savaneta" title="Savaneta">Savaneta</a>, and two smaller ones near <a href="/wiki/Tanki_Leendert" title="Tanki Leendert">Tanki Leendert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parkietenbos" title="Parkietenbos">Parkietenbos</a>, which have not yet been systematically studied. The location of Aruban villages varied. They were situated in places where beneficial agriculture land was available and where the most favorable <a href="/wiki/Hydrology" title="Hydrology">hydrological</a> conditions prevailed, such as where several <i>rooi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">gullies</a>) came together and where relatively much water was available.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Agriculture,_trade,_and_network"><span id="Agriculture.2C_trade.2C_and_network"></span>Agriculture, trade, and network</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Agriculture, trade, and network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Caquetío people probably used a <a href="/wiki/Shifting_cultivation" title="Shifting cultivation">shifting cultivation</a> farming method, also known as <a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yields from agriculture and fishing were supplemented by engaging in trade of raw materials and artifacts that were not locally available or producible. Sixteenth century sources indicate that the Caquetíos traded in, among other things, salt, canoes, tobacco, and beads.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Leeward Caquetíos certainly did not live in isolation but formed outlying regions of a dynamic chiefdom with regional trading networks.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Burial_practices">Burial practices</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Burial practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1882 French explorer <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Pinart" title="Alphonse Pinart">Alphonse L. Pinart</a> documented an account provided by an old Aruba Indian. According to the Indian's account, witnessed at the former Indian encampment at <i>Saboneta</i> (<a href="/wiki/Savaneta" title="Savaneta">Savaneta</a>), a native female was inhumed in one of the large conical <a href="/wiki/Olla" title="Olla">ollas</a>. Her body was doubled up inside the vase, with the head protruding through the orifice. Subsequently, a smaller <a href="/wiki/Urn" title="Urn">urn</a> was placed upside down on the head, and the entire burial was covered with earth.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Caquetío people were buried in clusters, both within and potentially outside village boundaries. At times, there was a secondary burial, possibly reserved for exceptional individuals. In the primary burial, the deceased were buried in a large pot, covered with a smaller pot placed on top. In a secondary burial, the body was initially buried without a pot, and after a few months or years, the bones were exhumed and reburied in smaller pots for a second time. Some pots contained grave offerings such as axes, shells, and pottery. The secondary burial method was practiced until recently in South America. The striking similarity between the Neo-Indian burial practices in Aruba and the post-Columbian variant in Guajira justifies the assumption that the similar beliefs about life after death existed in both societies.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Last_indigenous_Aruban">Last indigenous Aruban</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Last indigenous Aruban"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nicolaas Pyclas was regarded as the last known indigenous Aruban. Pyclas spoke and understood the extinct language of the original inhabitants of Aruba, adhering to their way of life and customs. He resided in a hut in Savaneta. His diet included sea snails, such as <i>cocolishi</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Cerion_uva" title="Cerion uva">Cerun uva</a></i>) and <i>carco</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Aliger_gigas" title="Aliger gigas">Aliger gigas</a></i>), as well as wild herbs. Pyclas rejected any involvement in religious practices. Around 1840, he was found dead hanging from a tree branch not far from his hut. Estimated to be approximately 50 years old, he was buried in situ and was not properly buried due to the hard rocky surface, he was only covered with a layer of earth and stones.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:05_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pyclas' skull was gifted to the former <i>Rijks Ethnographisch Museum</i>, presently <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ethnology_(Netherlands)" title="National Museum of Ethnology (Netherlands)">National Museum of Ethnology</a> in Leiden, with the mediation of <a href="/wiki/A.J._van_Koolwijk" title="A.J. van Koolwijk">A.J. van Koolwijk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:05_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_period">Spanish period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Spanish period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_explorations">Early explorations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Early explorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is known that <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> was not searching for a new continent but for the shortest route to India. India had been the spearhead of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> trade expansion and the foreign policy of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spanish Crown</a> since the travels of <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> a century earlier. India, China, and Japan formed the focal point of <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> ideas about boundless riches, cities with houses covered in gold, and islands with inexhaustible amounts of spices, pearls, and <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>. The suspicion arose that India could be reached via the relatively short route to the <a href="/wiki/West" title="West">west</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">ocean of Atlantis</a>. </p><p>During his third voyage to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, Columbus was searching for the southern route to India and explored the <a href="/wiki/Paria_Peninsula" title="Paria Peninsula">Paria Peninsula</a> (eastern Venezuela) and the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco" title="Orinoco">Orinoco</a> region, where he discovered the fresh river water of the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco_Delta" title="Orinoco Delta">Orinoco Delta</a>. The suspicion arose that he had not found islands off the coast of India but a much more extensive land mass; an extension of Asia. Columbus did not realize that this was an unknown continent. Characteristic of his <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> medieval perspective, Columbus solved the puzzle by assuming that he had discovered the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">earthly paradise</a>. The earthly paradise was inaccessible to humans without God's permission. Columbus experienced the geographical discovery of the New World in Christian terms and assigned himself a special role assigned by a divine power. With the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> the myths of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age" title="Golden Age">Golden Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantis</a>, and the earthly paradise moved from Asia to the New World. He died on May 20, 1506, believing that he had found new islands of the coast of or possibly a peninsula of India—pre-islands: <i>Ant-ilha.</i> These Ant-ilhas were inhabited by peoples whom he called "Indians".<sup id="cite_ref-:03_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1500, <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cosa" title="Juan de la Cosa">Juan de la Cosa</a> drew the first map of the New World, which depicted the two Leeward Antilles known at the time. This was followed by the more accurate <a href="/wiki/Cantino_planisphere" title="Cantino planisphere">Cantino map</a>, created anonymously in 1502, which also showed an extensive landmass and mentioned the <i>Isla do gigante</i> (Island of Giants) and <i>Isla</i> <i>do brasil</i> (Island of Brasil)<i>.</i> The location of the Isla do gigante southwest of the Isla do brasil suggest that it refers to Bonaire and Curaçao since Aruba is located more to the northwest.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa-de-las-Antillas-(1500).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mapa-de-las-Antillas-%281500%29.jpg/220px-Mapa-de-las-Antillas-%281500%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mapa-de-las-Antillas-%281500%29.jpg/330px-Mapa-de-las-Antillas-%281500%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mapa-de-las-Antillas-%281500%29.jpg/440px-Mapa-de-las-Antillas-%281500%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4603" data-file-height="2870" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Antilles, from a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Map_of_Juan_de_la_Cosa" title="Map of Juan de la Cosa">map of Juan de la Cosa</a> (<i>1500</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1493, the year in which the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indian islands</a> became known in Europe, the division between the secular (civil) and religious authorities in the New World had to be arranged. The newly appointed Spanish <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a> issued the <i><a href="/wiki/Inter_caetera" title="Inter caetera">Inter Caetera</a></i> bull, granting the Spanish Crown sovereignty over the newly discovered territories and the responsibility of the holy task: <i>to send good, God-fearing men, who are earned and capable, to those islands and continents to teach the natives living there about the Catholic faith and instill in them good habits</i>. In exchange for the papal approval of the treaty, Spain promised to vigorously carry out missionary work in the discovered territories. This gave Spain the right to evangelize the Americas and appoint and dismiss priests, blurring the separation between church and state in the region. In other words, the Spanish Crown was granted significant religious authority in the Americas, which was not strictly separate from the state and weakened the distinction between the religious and secular spheres—a key aspect of separation between church and state.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conquistadors">Conquistadors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Conquistadors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador"><i>Conquistadors</i></a> were fascinated by legends of inexhaustible gold reserves of <a href="/wiki/El_Dorado" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a>. The conquest was characterized by bloodshed, destruction, and forced assimilation of the native peoples into European society, such as the initiation of Indian slavery by Columbus in 1492. Europeans had an advantage because they had superior weapons, such as firearms, steel swords, armor, ships, horses, and targeted military strategies. While expedition leaders mostly came from the higher echelons of late medieval society, their foot soldiers were usually from the lower middle class of southern Europe. These soldiers formed the basis of the future group of <i>encomenderos.</i> The <a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">encomienda</a> system granted Spanish colonizers right by the Spanish Crown to extract tribute and labor from indigenous peoples. For example, indigenous communities had to give up a portion of the yields from their agricultural or farm land, known as <i>conucos</i> in <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taino</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a form of taxation and to provide for the food supply of the colonists. The defeated were often kidnapped and forced to participate in expeditions elsewhere in the New World as slave laborers.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vespucci_first_voyage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vespucci_first_voyage.jpg/200px-Vespucci_first_voyage.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vespucci_first_voyage.jpg/300px-Vespucci_first_voyage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vespucci_first_voyage.jpg/400px-Vespucci_first_voyage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4564" data-file-height="2924" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vespucci_second_voyage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Vespucci_second_voyage.jpg/200px-Vespucci_second_voyage.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Vespucci_second_voyage.jpg/300px-Vespucci_second_voyage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Vespucci_second_voyage.jpg/400px-Vespucci_second_voyage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4204" data-file-height="2704" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Reconstruction of the first and second voyage of Amerigo Vespucci by Luciano Formisano<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>The Caquetío population of the Leeward Antilles was incorporated into the Spanish colonial empire <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>. On June 8 and 10, 1501, <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ojeda" title="Alonso de Ojeda">Alonso De Ojeda</a> acquired the exclusive right to exploit the current Venezuelan coastal area, known as <a href="/wiki/Coquivacoa" title="Coquivacoa">Coquivacoa</a>, and the islands of the coast Curaçao, Aruba, and Bonaire, and probably also the Mongues and Aves Islands. De Ojeda had to form an administration as far west as possible on the <i><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Tierra_Firme" title="Province of Tierra Firme">Tierra Firme</a></i> to secure the Spanish presence. It is believed that de Ojeda and <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" title="Amerigo Vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</a> visited Bonaire and Curaçao, but neither Vespucci nor de Ojeda are thought to have set foot on Aruban soil. He was explicitly forbidden to enslave natives. However, de Ojeda lacked administrative skills and intentions, and he became a controversial figure. De Ojeda established a base named Santa Cruz at the tip of <a href="/wiki/Guajira_Peninsula" title="Guajira Peninsula">Guajira</a>, from whence he conducted trade and, probably even more importantly, carried out his raids, including slave hunts. During his third voyage to the New World in 1502, de Ojeda visited Curaçao, but his attempt to exploit the region failed. Instead, <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de Las Casas</a> documented de Ojeda's raids, slave hunts, and atrocities in the rural areas of present-day <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a> in his book, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Historia General de las Indias</i></span>. These raids were disastrous, even for the Spaniards, and marked the end of the first attempt to control the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1513 and 1515, the Leeward Antilles, including Curaçao, Aruba, and Bonaire, were depopulated. Captain Diego Salazar led this effort, which affected an estimated 2,000 indigenous inhabitants from these islands, and likely more from Tierra Firme.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Caquetío were taken to <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> as forced laborers. Many of them likely died on the way or later in the gold mines by the Spanish colonizers or during the devastating smallpox epidemic of 1518. Later on, new Indians migrated from the mainland to Aruba, while Indians were brought to Curaçao by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Ampi%C3%A9s" title="Juan Martínez de Ampiés">Juan de Ampiés</a>. The indigenous population was under encomienda, which ended the autonomy of Caquetío community in the islands. Their relatives on the mainland did not fare any better. After an unsuccessful attempt by Bartolomé de Las Casas to convert the local population to Christianity, the coastal region of the mainland was leased to the banking firm of the <a href="/wiki/Welser_family" title="Welser family">Welsers</a> in 1528. This led to the violent conquest of the Caquetío kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 1634, Curaçao, along with its neighboring islands Bonaire and Aruba, were considered part of the province of Venezuela. They had been separated from Venezuela only during the period of the Welser grant.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The appropriation of the Caribbean region turned out to be a failure for the Spaniards. The exploitation of the West Indian islands proved unprofitable, and gold mining on Hispaniola and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> declined. Spanish settlers moved elsewhere, and In 1569, the Spanish Crown banned settlement on the Caribbean islands by royal decree. This measure that did not apply to the leased islands of Curaçao, Aruba, and Bonaire. The colonization of the large Caribbean islands, such as <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, was encouraged while the small islands were abandoned. Most of the islands remained largely uncontrolled and undefended, making them a potential opportunity for northwestern European countries that wanted to break Spain's monopoly on colonizing the New World. England, France, the Netherlands, and Denmark explored the possibilities of piracy and trade on the Caribbean islands.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the continent, the great empires declined, but indigenous societies continued to exist and were exposed to a long process of <a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">miscegenation</a>. In the Falcón-Zulia province, among other places, Caquetío societies survived on Tierra Firme, although their cultures and social structures were largely destroyed by the Spaniards. On the (former) Caquetío coastal islands of Aruba, Curaçao, and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, indigenous people lived well into the colonial period. The indigenous history of the Guajira peninsula extends to the present day. The <a href="/wiki/Wayuu_people" title="Wayuu people">Wayú</a> are increasingly being recognized on the Leeward Antilles as possible contemporary ancestors or lost relatives from prehistoric times.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spanish_ranch">Spanish ranch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Spanish ranch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arikok_National_Park_-_Aruba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arikok_National_Park_-_Aruba.jpg/220px-Arikok_National_Park_-_Aruba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arikok_National_Park_-_Aruba.jpg/330px-Arikok_National_Park_-_Aruba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arikok_National_Park_-_Aruba.jpg/440px-Arikok_National_Park_-_Aruba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Goats in Arikok National Park</figcaption></figure> <p>The conquistadors brought European cattle to Aruba. Over time, they also introduced goats, sheep, dogs, donkeys, cows, pigs, and possibly even cats. It is believed that rabbits, brought by the Dutch, later became wild on the island. Aruba essentially became a Spanish ranch, with cattle roaming freely in search of food. Despite more trees in the past, the overall vegetation was similar to today. The horses introduced were lighter than Dutch ones, and their hooves became so hard from roaming freely that they did not need horseshoes. To avoid stallions injuring each other during mating battles, horseshoes were impractical. After three weeks of service, particularly in the dry season, the horses were released to recover. Occasionally, a small group of Spaniards would disembark on the island, but typically Aruba was left to fend for itself. According to Dutch geographer <a href="/wiki/Joannes_de_Laet" title="Joannes de Laet">Joannes De Laet</a>, by 1630 there were few Indians and some Spaniards on Aruba.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Dutch_period">Early Dutch period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Early Dutch period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cas_di_torto" title="Cas di torto">Cas di torto</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dutch_conquest:_salt">Dutch conquest: salt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dutch conquest: salt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Al is de Sallem schoon, De Haering spant de Kroon.</i></span> </p><p>The salmon may be beautiful, the herring surpasses all. </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>E. Az. van Dooregeest & C.A. Posjager (1699)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The Dutch were compelled to venture into forbidden waters of the Caribbean, known as Spain's <i><a href="/wiki/Mare_clausum" title="Mare clausum">mare clausum</a>,</i> because of their need for salt, in open defiance of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Phillip II</a>. Since the mid-15th century, the prosperous Dutch <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> industry had been steadily expanding.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The towns of <a href="/wiki/Hoorn" title="Hoorn">Hoorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enkhuizen" title="Enkhuizen">Enkhuizen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medemblik" title="Medemblik">Medemblik</a> were particularly active in the salt trade, thanks to their thriving fishing industries. Herring was a crucial commodity for Dutch commerce, requiring salt for preservation. Salt also played a vital role in the butter and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_cheeses" title="List of Dutch cheeses">cheese</a> industry, as well as in preserving food during long voyages.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The curing or pickling process for herring was well established during the Middle Ages. After catching the herring, the packers would remove the internal organs, mix them with salt to create a brine, and pack them in barrels along with additional salt.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a> was not heavily involved in fishing, they were renowned for their salt whitening process, which was highly sought after throughout Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salt importation began in the 15th century when the Dutch discovered high-quality salt in <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal" title="Setúbal">Setúbal</a> the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian</a> coast. This sea salt was good for preserving herring because of its <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">magnesium sulfate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_chloride" title="Magnesium chloride">magnesium chloride</a> content. However, the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a> prompted Phillip II to halt this trade.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the salt supply cut off, the Dutch were forced to seek new trade routes. Their quest for salt led them to the West Indies.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeking alternative sources, they turned their attention to Punta de Araya in Tierra Firme by the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The salt reserves in Punta de Araya were abundant and of high quality, surpassing that of the Iberian peninsula. Rather than being a rock salt deposit, it was a gem salt derived from the clay of the surrounding hills.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, following the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Years%27_Truce" title="Twelve Years' Truce">Truce of twelve years</a>, the Dutch discovered that the Spaniards had fortified the saltpans, forcing them to give up their stake in Araya salt.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After hostilities resumed, the Dutch established the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">West India Company</a> (WIC) with the main objective of engaging in strategic military actions and <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateering</a> organization against Spain. This was the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">raison d'être</i></span> or reason for the existence of the WIC. Their secondary objective was focused on commerce and colonization, a choice that ultimately led to the downfall of the WIC in 1674. The WIC also gathered information on Spanish treasure fleets. In 1623, the first official fleet of the new WIC, a small squadron of only three ships commanded by Pieter Schouten, set sail for the Caribbean to engage in looting and plundering in the Lesser Antilles and the Yucátan peninsula. It was during this voyage that the <a href="/wiki/Hooiberg#History" title="Hooiberg">Dutch first encountered Aruba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1628 or 1629, the Dutch started obtaining salt regularly on <a href="/wiki/Tortuga_(Haiti)" title="Tortuga (Haiti)">Tortuga</a>. Governor <a href="/wiki/Francisco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Meli%C3%A1n" title="Francisco Núñez Melián">Francisco Núñez Melián</a> of Venezuela destroyed the saltpans and took some Dutch prisoners, forced them to cut <a href="/wiki/Paubrasilia" title="Paubrasilia">Brazilwood</a> in Curaçao. One of these Dutchmen, Jan Janszoon Otzen, carefully assessed the island's excellent harbor and profitable saltpans, which he later communicated to the WIC. Recognizing their struggle for salt, the Dutch realized the need to establish a base in these waters to secure Curaçao. WIC agent <a href="/wiki/Johannes_van_Walbeeck" title="Johannes van Walbeeck">Johannes van Walbeeck</a> was appointed as the expedition's commander and future Governor of Curaçao, Bonaire, and Aruba. Curaçao was captured and acquired by the WIC in June 1634, primarily by their desire to obtain salt. In Van Walbeeck's report of 1634, Aruba is mentioned only in relation to Curaçao, where he refers to Bonaire and Aruba collectively as the "islands of Curaçao".<sup id="cite_ref-:22_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1816, Aruba possessed seven salt pans, all of which yielded salt of subpar quality. The salt production was just sufficient to meet the local demand. Aruban laborers, often assisted by donkeys, were tasked with gathering the salt, which was subsequently distributed among the island's inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1924, salt extraction at <a href="/wiki/Rancho,_Aruba" title="Rancho, Aruba">Rancho</a> had limited benefits, primarily being used in the preservation of fish during shipping.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paardenbaai" title="Paardenbaai">Paardenbaai</a> (Horses' Bay) contained salt pans up until 1949 when it was dredged and disappeared beneath the sand.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Netherland">New Netherland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: New Netherland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> in 1648 and the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Nijmegen" title="Treaties of Nijmegen">Peace of Nijmegen</a> in 1678, there were 30 years of crisis in the Dutch Antilles and the entire Caribbean region. By 1648, Curaçao had lost its importance as a military outpost. Governor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> had a plan to strengthen the connections between the islands and <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>. He believed that the two colonies could support each other: New Netherland would provide food in exchange for slaves from Curaçao, horses from Aruba, and salt from Bonaire.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Stuyvesant did not anticipate the rivalry between the two colonies, which prevented them from working together effectively. The Dutch in Curaçao preferred to sell their goods to other Caribbean islands where they could get a better price, rather than trading with their fellow countrymen in New Netherland. Additionally, the islands were involved in illegal trade with the Spanish mainland and did not want to switch to legal trade with New Netherland. Stuyvesant needed slaves to strengthen <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam's</a> defenses, but he mostly received old or sick slaves, called <i>mancarrons</i>, in response to his requests. The better slaves were sold elsewhere to the highest bidder. However, the people in New Netherland were not motivated by unselfish reasons or a strong sense of patriotism. They continued to trade with their French, English, and Swedish neighbors across the border. Only in extreme situations did their shared heritage become more important than making money. For example, when the islands faced famine due to a series of dry seasons, Stuyvesant came to the rescue by sending a ship with food just in time.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The troubled relationship between the Curaçao islands and New Netherland came to a sudden end in 1664. At that time, even though a war between England and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">United Provinces</a> had not been officially declared, an English fleet led by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nicolls" title="Richard Nicolls">Richard Nicolls</a> demanded that New Amsterdam surrender. While the Dutch briefly regained control of the colony in 1673, it was once again used as leverage in 1674 to show the English the dangers of their alliance with France.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 17th century, the Dutch considered England their main adversary, as evidenced by the three wars they fought against the English. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a> and the subsequent peace treaty in 1667 marked a pivotal moment in Caribbean colonial possessions. <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age" title="Dutch Golden Age">Dutch supremacy</a> waned, and the enforcement of English <a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation Acts</a> left a lasting impact on regional trade. Nevertheless, the Caribbean islands eventually regained stability and prosperity, experiencing fewer changes in colonial holdings for centuries to come.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery">Slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Demetricia" title="Virginia Demetricia">Virginia Demetricia</a></div> <p>In the 16th century, Spaniards engaged in coercive labor practices, deporting Arawak Indians to Hispaniola in 1515. Colonists exerted control over Indians on the "useless islands", mirroring the hardships of these faced by subsequent African slaves, marked by a denial of freedom and forced labor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlofs19951_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlofs19951-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1775 the names of African slaves began appearing in records, with examples such as "Cecilia" and "Apolinar" tied to families like Silvester and Alvarez from <a href="/wiki/Alto_Vista_Chapel" title="Alto Vista Chapel">Alto Vista</a> near the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch colonizer recognized red slavery, particularly of Indians captured in wars. In the <a href="/wiki/Guyanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyanas">Guyanas</a>, Indians taken as prisoners in conflicts were traded, even following peace treaties. Though Indians on Aruba were not officially classified as slaves during the West India Company's rule, oral tradition in Aruba mentioned Amerindian slaves in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlofs19952_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlofs19952-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Father <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Brenneker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Brenneker (page does not exist)">Paul Brenneker</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Brenneker" class="extiw" title="nl:Paul Brenneker">nl</a>]</span> noted their presence in Curaçao as pseudo-slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrenneker198687_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrenneker198687-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1827, Commander Simon Plats found 51 Amerindians treated as pseudo-slaves by Aruban families. Some were brought by shipowners involved in the slave trade. Plats had masters sign a declaration recognizing the freedom of the Amerindians, ensuring proper upbringing, education, and accommodation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlofs19953_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlofs19953-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contrary to common belief, Aruba had a history of slavery, challenging the notion that conditions were considerably better than in other Caribbean regions. Records are limited, with mentions primarily concerning Curaçao in 1750 and 1795. Aruba's circumstances surrounding slavery were comparatively less severe, leading to misconceptions that indigenous people were not enslaved. However, by 1862, 15 percent of Aruba's population were slaves, with 27 percent in Bonaire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>Population Report</i> from 1820 indicates 331 slaves in Aruba—157 indigenous people and 174 of African descent. In 1840, the number increased to 497 slaves, with 269 being indigenous people and 228 of African descent. Approximately, half of Aruba's slaves were of indigenous origin, and the other half were of African descent. Although Dutch law generally prohibited the enslavement of indigenous people, the actual practice varied.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="English_interregnum_and_economic_development">English interregnum and economic development</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: English interregnum and economic development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BNA-DIG-HARTOG-CAHA-001-014-014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/BNA-DIG-HARTOG-CAHA-001-014-014.jpg/220px-BNA-DIG-HARTOG-CAHA-001-014-014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/BNA-DIG-HARTOG-CAHA-001-014-014.jpg/330px-BNA-DIG-HARTOG-CAHA-001-014-014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/BNA-DIG-HARTOG-CAHA-001-014-014.jpg/440px-BNA-DIG-HARTOG-CAHA-001-014-014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6510" data-file-height="4244" /></a><figcaption>Machinery for the 'cooking' of aloe (1903)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> took control of the island during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> holding it from 1806 to 1816, after which it was returned to Dutch authority in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aruba2_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aruba2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba was then integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" title="Colony of Curaçao and Dependencies">Colony of Curaçao and Dependencies</a>, along with Bonaire. Throughout the 19th century, the island's economy evolved, centered around gold, phosphate (<a href="/wiki/Aruba_Phosphate_Company" title="Aruba Phosphate Company">Aruba Phosphate Company</a>), and the aloe vera industry (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Aruba_Aloe" title="Royal Aruba Aloe">Royal Aruba Aloe</a>), However, despite these economic activities, Aruba continued to be a relatively underdeveloped and economically disadvantaged region during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_centuries">20th and 21st centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 20th and 21st centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prinses_Beatrix_op_bezoek_op_Aruba_Aankomst_bij_bestuurskantoor_voor_aubade,_Bestanddeelnr_909-3484.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Prinses_Beatrix_op_bezoek_op_Aruba_Aankomst_bij_bestuurskantoor_voor_aubade%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-3484.jpg/220px-Prinses_Beatrix_op_bezoek_op_Aruba_Aankomst_bij_bestuurskantoor_voor_aubade%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-3484.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Prinses_Beatrix_op_bezoek_op_Aruba_Aankomst_bij_bestuurskantoor_voor_aubade%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-3484.jpg/330px-Prinses_Beatrix_op_bezoek_op_Aruba_Aankomst_bij_bestuurskantoor_voor_aubade%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-3484.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Prinses_Beatrix_op_bezoek_op_Aruba_Aankomst_bij_bestuurskantoor_voor_aubade%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-3484.jpg/440px-Prinses_Beatrix_op_bezoek_op_Aruba_Aankomst_bij_bestuurskantoor_voor_aubade%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-3484.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Princess Beatrix</a> in Aruba, 1958</figcaption></figure> <p>The first oil refinery, <a href="/wiki/Lago_Oil_and_Transport_Company" title="Lago Oil and Transport Company">Lago Oil and Transport Company</a>, in <a href="/wiki/San_Nicolaas" title="San Nicolaas">San Nicolas</a> was built in 1924 and a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a>. The refinery on Aruba grew to become one of the largest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927, the <a href="/wiki/Arend_Petroleum_Company" title="Arend Petroleum Company">Arend Petroleum Company</a> was established to the west of Oranjestad. The refineries processed crude oil from the vast Venezuelan oil fields, bringing greater prosperity to the island.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War II, the Netherlands was <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of the Netherlands">occupied by Nazi Germany</a>. In 1940, the oil facilities in Aruba came under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_government-in-exile" title="Dutch government-in-exile">Dutch government-in-exile</a> in London, causing them to be <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Aruba" title="Attack on Aruba">attacked by the German navy</a> in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1947, Aruba formulated its first <i>staatsreglement</i> (constitution) for Aruba's <i><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">status aparte</a></i> as an autonomous state within the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, prompted by the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Henny_Eman_(AVP_founder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henny Eman (AVP founder)">Henny Eman</a>, a noted Aruban politician. By 1954, the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> was established, providing a framework for relations between Aruba and the rest of the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That created the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>, which united all of the Dutch colonies in the Caribbean into one administrative structure.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Arubans were unhappy with the arrangement, however, as the policy was perceived as being dominated by Curaçao.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Betico_Croes_1982cr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Betico_Croes_1982cr.jpg/175px-Betico_Croes_1982cr.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Betico_Croes_1982cr.jpg/263px-Betico_Croes_1982cr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Betico_Croes_1982cr.jpg/350px-Betico_Croes_1982cr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="3267" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Betico_Croes" title="Betico Croes">Betico Croes</a>, a pivotal figure in Aruba's drive for greater autonomy in the 1970s–80s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1972, at a conference in <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, Aruban politician <a href="/wiki/Betico_Croes" title="Betico Croes">Betico Croes</a> proposed the creation of a Dutch Commonwealth of four states: Aruba, the Netherlands, Suriname, and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>, each to have its own nationality. Backed by his newly created party, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Electoral_Movement_(Aruba)" title="People's Electoral Movement (Aruba)">Movimiento Electoral di Pueblo</a>, Croes sought greater autonomy for Aruba, with the long-term goal of independence, adopting the trappings of an independent state in 1976 with the creation of a flag and national anthem.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1977, a <a href="/wiki/1977_Aruban_independence_referendum" title="1977 Aruban independence referendum">referendum was held</a> with the support of the United Nations. 82% of the participants voted for complete independence from the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Aruba_Profile_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Aruba_Profile-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tensions mounted as Croes stepped up the pressure on the Dutch government by organising <a href="/wiki/1977_Aruba_general_strike" title="1977 Aruba general strike">a general strike in 1977</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croes later met with Dutch Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Joop den Uyl</a>, with the two sides agreeing to assign the Institute of Social Studies in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> to prepare a study for independence, entitled <i>Aruba en Onafhankelijkheid, achtergronden, modaliteiten, en mogelijkheden; een rapport in eerste aanleg</i> (Aruba and independence, backgrounds, modalities, and opportunities; a preliminary report) (1978).<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autonomy">Autonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Autonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1983 Aruba reached an official agreement within the kingdom for its independence, to be developed in a series of steps as the Crown granted increasing autonomy. In August 1985, Aruba drafted a constitution that was unanimously approved. On 1 January 1986, after the <a href="/wiki/1985_Aruban_general_election" title="1985 Aruban general election">1985 general election</a> was held for its first parliament, Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles, officially becoming a country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, with full independence planned for 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croes was seriously injured in a traffic accident in 1985, slipping into a coma. He died in 1986, never seeing the enacting of <i>status aparte</i> for Aruba for which he had worked over many years.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death, Croes was proclaimed <i>Libertador di Aruba</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croes' successor, <a href="/wiki/Henny_Eman" title="Henny Eman">Henny Eman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Aruban_People%27s_Party" title="Aruban People's Party">Aruban People's Party</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Prime Minister of Aruba</a>. </p><p>Meanwhile, in 1985, Aruba's oil refinery closed. It had provided Aruba with 30 percent of its real income and 50 percent of government revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The significant blow to the economy led to a push for a dramatic increase in tourism, and that sector has expanded to become the island's largest industry.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a convention in The Hague in 1990, at the request of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Oduber" title="Nelson Oduber">Nelson Oduber</a>, the governments of Aruba, the Netherlands, and the Netherlands Antilles postponed indefinitely Aruba's transition to full independence.<sup id="cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article scheduling Aruba's complete independence was rescinded in 1995, although it was decided that the process could be revived after another referendum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Aruba" title="Geography of Aruba">Geography of Aruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Aruba" title="Geology of Aruba">Geology of Aruba</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erfgoed_kaart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Erfgoed_kaart.jpg/200px-Erfgoed_kaart.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Erfgoed_kaart.jpg/300px-Erfgoed_kaart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Erfgoed_kaart.jpg/400px-Erfgoed_kaart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6204" data-file-height="5072" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Geography of the geological formations of Aruba (c. 1820)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_coast_limestone_plateaus_Aruba_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/North_coast_limestone_plateaus_Aruba_2015.jpg/200px-North_coast_limestone_plateaus_Aruba_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/North_coast_limestone_plateaus_Aruba_2015.jpg/300px-North_coast_limestone_plateaus_Aruba_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/North_coast_limestone_plateaus_Aruba_2015.jpg/400px-North_coast_limestone_plateaus_Aruba_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3231" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">High limestone terraces on the north coast</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hooiberg_aloe_aanplanten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hooiberg_aloe_aanplanten.jpg/200px-Hooiberg_aloe_aanplanten.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hooiberg_aloe_aanplanten.jpg/300px-Hooiberg_aloe_aanplanten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hooiberg_aloe_aanplanten.jpg/400px-Hooiberg_aloe_aanplanten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Aloe agriculture with Hooiberg on the horizon</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_Pool_in_Aruba-July_4,_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Natural_Pool_in_Aruba-July_4%2C_2018.jpg/200px-Natural_Pool_in_Aruba-July_4%2C_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Natural_Pool_in_Aruba-July_4%2C_2018.jpg/300px-Natural_Pool_in_Aruba-July_4%2C_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Natural_Pool_in_Aruba-July_4%2C_2018.jpg/400px-Natural_Pool_in_Aruba-July_4%2C_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Geological <a href="/wiki/Pillow_lava" title="Pillow lava">pillow lava</a> formation near <i>Conchi</i> or <a href="/wiki/Natural_Pool_(Aruba)" title="Natural Pool (Aruba)">Natural pool</a> area (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Aruba" title="Santa Cruz, Aruba">Santa Cruz</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Aruba is located 77 km (48 mi) west of <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> and 29 km (18 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Paraguan%C3%A1_Peninsula" title="Paraguaná Peninsula">Paraguaná Peninsula</a> of <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba showcases three distinct landscapes. The northwestern region is primarily characterized by flat <a href="/wiki/Batholith" title="Batholith">batholith</a> landscapes. Notable landmarks include the conical <a href="/wiki/Hooiberg" title="Hooiberg">Hooiberg</a> hill and rock formations like <a href="/wiki/Ayo_Rock_Formations" title="Ayo Rock Formations">Ayo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casibari_Rock_Formations" class="mw-redirect" title="Casibari Rock Formations">Casibari</a>. Moreover, the northeastern part of the island features the oldest formations known as the <a href="/wiki/Jamanota#Aruba_Lava_Formation" title="Jamanota">Aruba Lava Formation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This region is marked by rolling hills, including <a href="/wiki/Jamanota" title="Jamanota">Jamanota</a>, and is home to Arikok National Park, and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> terraces surround these two landscapes. The low-lying limestone terrace regions are defined by their white sandy beaches and the high plateaus on the north side of the island, in contrast, are constantly battered by the rough waters of the ocean, featuring caves and small natural bridge formations. </p><p>The arid landscape in Aruba is not solely a product of its climate but is also a consequence of extensive deforestation and exploitation during the Spanish colonization of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently certain crops, such as <a href="/wiki/Aloe_vera" title="Aloe vera">aloe vera</a>, thrive in this environment due to the high calcium-rich soil known as liming.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, Aruba only has 2.3% of forest-covered land area and only 0.5% of protected natural area.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Forest_cover" title="Forest cover">Forest cover</a> is around 2% of the total land area, equivalent to 420 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, which was unchanged from 1990. None of the forest was reported to be <a href="/wiki/Primary_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary forest">primary forest</a> (consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity), and no forest area was found within protected areas.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The geography includes naturally formed <i>rooi</i> or gullies that channel rainwater towards dams and ultimately the ocean. Other than Arikok National Park, the <a href="/wiki/Bubali_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Bubali Bird Sanctuary">Bubali Bird Sanctuary</a> is the only significant body of water on the island that holds the status of protected nature reserve and serves as a <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a> <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aruba is divided into eight regions for census purposes, with no administrative function. Some correspond to <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a> and include several community facilities. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th> <th>Population <br /> 1991 census</th> <th>Population <br /> 2000 census</th> <th>Population <br /> 2010 census</th> <th>Population <br /> 2020 census </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Noord" title="Noord">Noord</a></td> <td>34.62</td> <td>10,056</td> <td>16,944</td> <td>21,495</td> <td>24,193 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oranjestad_West" title="Oranjestad West">Oranjestad West</a></td> <td>9.29</td> <td>8,779</td> <td>12,131</td> <td>13,976</td> <td>13,735 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oranjestad Oost</td> <td>12.88</td> <td>11,266</td> <td>14,224</td> <td>14,318</td> <td>14,923 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paradera_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradera Region">Paradera</a></td> <td>20.49</td> <td>6,189</td> <td>9,037</td> <td>12,024</td> <td>13,834 </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Nicolaas Noord</td> <td>23.19</td> <td>8,206</td> <td>10,118</td> <td>10,433</td> <td>9,940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Nicolaas Zuid</td> <td>9.64</td> <td>5,304</td> <td>5,730</td> <td>4,850</td> <td>4,235 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Region">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td>41.04</td> <td>9,587</td> <td>12,326</td> <td>12,870</td> <td>15,236 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Savaneta_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Savaneta Region">Savaneta</a></td> <td>27.76</td> <td>7,273</td> <td>9,996</td> <td>11,518</td> <td>11,955 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total Aruba</b></td> <td><b>178.91</b></td> <td><b>66,687</b></td> <td><b>90,506</b></td> <td><b>101,484</b></td> <td><b>108,166</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The landscape is characterized by common <a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">xeric scrublands</a> featuring various <a href="/wiki/Cacti" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacti">cacti</a>, thorny shrubs, and evergreen plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, aloe vera is also found on the island, and its economic significance has led to its inclusion on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba" title="Coat of arms of Aruba">coat of arms of Aruba</a>. Cacti include <i><a href="/wiki/Melocactus" title="Melocactus">melocactus</a> and</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">opuntia</a></i>, with <i><a href="/wiki/Opuntia_stricta" title="Opuntia stricta">opuntia stricta</a></i> being prominent. Drought-tolerant trees like <i><a href="/wiki/Caesalpinia_coriaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesalpinia coriaria">Caesalpinia coriaria</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Vachellia_tortuosa" title="Vachellia tortuosa">Vachellia tortuosa</a></i> are present. The isolation from the South America mainland contributed to the evolution of multiple <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic species</a>. The island provides a habitat for unique wildlife, including the endemic <a href="/wiki/Cnemidophorus_arubensis" title="Cnemidophorus arubensis">Aruban Whiptail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crotalus_unicolor" title="Crotalus unicolor">Aruba Rattlesnake</a>, as well as subspecies of <a href="/wiki/Aruban_burrowing_owl" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruban burrowing owl">Aruban Burrowing Owl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eupsittula_pertinax" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupsittula pertinax">Brown-throated Parakeet</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:792px;max-width:792px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:196px;max-width:196px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arikok_NP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Arikok_NP.jpg/194px-Arikok_NP.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Arikok_NP.jpg/291px-Arikok_NP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Arikok_NP.jpg/388px-Arikok_NP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Cacti on the rolling hills of <a href="/wiki/Arikok_National_Park" title="Arikok National Park">Arikok National Park</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:261px;max-width:261px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whiptail_lizard_Eidechse_Aruba_-_Flickr_-_Ralf_H%C3%BCsges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Whiptail_lizard_Eidechse_Aruba_-_Flickr_-_Ralf_H%C3%BCsges.jpg/259px-Whiptail_lizard_Eidechse_Aruba_-_Flickr_-_Ralf_H%C3%BCsges.jpg" decoding="async" width="259" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Whiptail_lizard_Eidechse_Aruba_-_Flickr_-_Ralf_H%C3%BCsges.jpg/389px-Whiptail_lizard_Eidechse_Aruba_-_Flickr_-_Ralf_H%C3%BCsges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Whiptail_lizard_Eidechse_Aruba_-_Flickr_-_Ralf_H%C3%BCsges.jpg/518px-Whiptail_lizard_Eidechse_Aruba_-_Flickr_-_Ralf_H%C3%BCsges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7617" data-file-height="4285" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Cnemidophorus_arubensis" title="Cnemidophorus arubensis">Aruba whiptail</a> on a yellow <a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">opuntia</a> flower.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cocolishi_di_kalakuna_17_53_48_673000.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cocolishi_di_kalakuna_17_53_48_673000.jpeg/109px-Cocolishi_di_kalakuna_17_53_48_673000.jpeg" decoding="async" width="109" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cocolishi_di_kalakuna_17_53_48_673000.jpeg/164px-Cocolishi_di_kalakuna_17_53_48_673000.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cocolishi_di_kalakuna_17_53_48_673000.jpeg/218px-Cocolishi_di_kalakuna_17_53_48_673000.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Cocoloshi di kalakuna</i> or <a href="/wiki/Cerion_uva" title="Cerion uva">Cerion uva</a> land snail</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:216px;max-width:216px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aruba-Blue-tailed-Emerald-Arikok-NP_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Aruba-Blue-tailed-Emerald-Arikok-NP_%28cropped%29.JPG/214px-Aruba-Blue-tailed-Emerald-Arikok-NP_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Aruba-Blue-tailed-Emerald-Arikok-NP_%28cropped%29.JPG/321px-Aruba-Blue-tailed-Emerald-Arikok-NP_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Aruba-Blue-tailed-Emerald-Arikok-NP_%28cropped%29.JPG/428px-Aruba-Blue-tailed-Emerald-Arikok-NP_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2167" data-file-height="1473" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Colibri</i> or Aruba <a href="/wiki/Blue-tailed_emerald" title="Blue-tailed emerald">Blue-tailed emerald</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_and_natural_hazards">Climate and natural hazards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Climate and natural hazards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Aruba">Climate of Aruba</a></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th>Aruba</th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.88em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">44</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.96em;height:1.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.06em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">30</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.46em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.39em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">20</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.96em;height:1.16em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.46em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.2em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">10</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.06em;height:1.16em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.22em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.56em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.172em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">8.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.2em;height:1.18em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.38em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.282em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">14</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.34em;height:1.06em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.84em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.348em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">17</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.38em;height:1.12em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.88em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.392em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">20</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.34em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.48em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.84em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.628em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">31</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.44em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.64em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.94em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.858em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">43</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.46em;height:1.18em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.64em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.96em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.53em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">77</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.34em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.48em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.84em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.742em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">87</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.2em;height:1.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.602em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">80</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.06em;height:1.08em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.56em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.88em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.96em;height:1.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.06em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">87</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.46em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.39em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.96em;height:1.16em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">87</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.46em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.2em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.06em;height:1.16em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.22em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">88</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.56em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">78</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.172em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.2em;height:1.18em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.38em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">89</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.282em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.34em;height:1.06em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.84em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">80</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.348em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.38em;height:1.12em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">91</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.88em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">80</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.392em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.34em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.48em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.84em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">80</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.628em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.44em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.64em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">92</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.94em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">81</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.858em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.46em;height:1.18em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.64em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">92</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.96em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">81</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.53em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.34em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.48em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.84em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">80</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.742em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.2em;height:1.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">89</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.602em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.06em;height:1.08em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">87</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.56em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">78</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Aruba is characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>BSh</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-extremes_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> characterized by limited rainfall, totaling just 500 millimetres or 20 inches annually. Notably, Aruba remains dry even during its supposed rainy season. Rainfall can be highly variable,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ranging from as little as 150 millimetres or 6 inches during strong <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño">El Niño</a> years (e.g. 1911/1912, 1930/1931, 1982/1983, 1997/1998) to over 1,000 millimetres or 39 inches in <a href="/wiki/La_Ni%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Niña">La Niña</a> years, such as 1933/1934, 1970/1971 or 1988/1989. </p><p>An exception to the general aridity is observed during the short rainy season from September to January. During this period, the southward retreat of the <a href="/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone" title="Intertropical Convergence Zone">Intertropical Convergence Zone</a> leads to more frequent moist northeasterly winds. Aruba is positioned south of the <a href="/wiki/Main_Development_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Development Region">Main Development Region</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclones</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and generally avoids the direct impact of these storms. However, late in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2020 Atlantic hurricane season">2020 Atlantic hurricane season</a>, the island was affected by two hurricanes in their early stages. </p><p>In Oranjestad, mean monthly temperatures remain consistently moderate, with little variation (low <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_temperature_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurnal temperature variation">diurnal temperature variation</a>) ranging from 27.0 °C (80.6 °F) to 29.6 °C (85.3 °F). This temperature stability is moderated by the constant <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> originating from the northeast, sweeping in from the Atlantic Ocean. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Oranjestad, Aruba (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1951–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(1.73) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(0.77) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(0.39) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(0.34) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(0.56) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(0.69) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(0.77) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(1.24) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.9<br />(1.69) </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(3.01) </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.1<br />(3.43) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.1<br />(3.15) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">451.1<br />(17.76) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Departamento Meteorologico Aruba<sup id="cite_ref-normals_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-normals-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-climatedata1_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatedata1-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-climatedata2_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatedata2-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-climatedata3_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatedata3-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Aruba" title="Demographics of Aruba">Demographics of Aruba</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">National origins<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Nationality</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Aruban</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:66%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">66%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:9.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">9.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Grey; width:6.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:4.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="People of the Dominican Republic">Dominican</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Yellow; width:4.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelan</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:3.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7aoans" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçaoans">Curaçaoan</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:2.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Haitians" title="Haitians">Haitian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Purple; width:1.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_people" title="Surinamese people">Surinamese</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Red; width:1.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Peruvians" title="Peruvians">Peruvian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Pink; width:1.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:White; width:1.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>In terms of country of birth, the population is estimated to be 66% Aruban, 9.1% <a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombian</a>, 4.3% <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, 5.1% <a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="People of the Dominican Republic">Dominican</a>, 3.2% <a href="/wiki/Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelan</a>, 2.2% <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7aoans" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçaoans">Curaçaoan</a>, 1.5% <a href="/wiki/Haitians" title="Haitians">Haitian</a>, 1.2% <a href="/wiki/Surinamese_people" title="Surinamese people">Surinamese</a>, 1.1% <a href="/wiki/Peruvians" title="Peruvians">Peruvian</a>, 1.1% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a>, 6.2% from other backgrounds.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, recently arrived Venezuelan refugees were estimated to number around 17,000 on Aruba, accounting for some 15% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In terms of nationality, the population is estimated to be 78.7% <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, 6.6% <a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombian</a>, 5.5% <a href="/wiki/Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelan</a>, 2.8% <a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="People of the Dominican Republic">Dominican</a>; 1.3% <a href="/wiki/Haitians" title="Haitians">Haitian</a>, and 5.1% from other backgrounds (As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba has a strong <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a> heritage compared to most Caribbean islands, although there are no full-blooded <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(Americas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (Americas)">Aboriginals</a> remaining. </p><p>The islanders' features clearly reflect their genetic Arawak heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Aruba's population (75%) is of Mixed/<a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a> descent. Arubans are primarily descended from Caquetío, Dutch settlers, Spanish settlers, enslaved Africans and to a lesser extent various other groups who have settled on the island over time, including Venezuelans, Colombians, Portuguese, Greeks, Italians, English, French, Germans, West Indians, East Indians, Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans, Indonesians, Levantine Arabs and Sephardic Jews. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:209px;max-width:209px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Total-population_1972-2022-(Aruba).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Total-population_1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg/207px-Total-population_1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Total-population_1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg/311px-Total-population_1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Total-population_1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg/414px-Total-population_1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4446" data-file-height="2670" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural-growth-of-the-population-and-migration-1972-2022-(Aruba).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Natural-growth-of-the-population-and-migration-1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg/177px-Natural-growth-of-the-population-and-migration-1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Natural-growth-of-the-population-and-migration-1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg/266px-Natural-growth-of-the-population-and-migration-1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Natural-growth-of-the-population-and-migration-1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg/354px-Natural-growth-of-the-population-and-migration-1972-2022-%28Aruba%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2450" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">In Aruba, population development is primarily influenced by net migration due to the relatively low number of births and deaths (1972-2022). <i><small>Source: <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Aruba)" title="Central Bureau of Statistics (Aruba)">Central Bureau of Statistics</a>, and Civil Registry and Population Office.</small></i><sup id="cite_ref-cbs.aw_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs.aw-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>The population experienced fluctuations between 1972 and 2022, primarily influenced by net migration. While there have been periods of growth, there have also been declines, especially during economic challenges. Notably, between 1988 and 2016, the population nearly doubled. However, in 2017, a decline occurred, breaking almost three decades of continuous growth. The pandemic years (2020–2022) also contributed to a population decrease, mainly due to reduced births and immigration. </p><p>As of the first quarter in 2023, the population stood at 107,354 people, marking a modest 0.2% growth compared to the previous year. This increase was driven by a significant rise in immigration, which saw a 20.4 percent uptick.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs.aw_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs.aw-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Aruba" title="Languages of Aruba">Languages of Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caquet%C3%ADo_language" title="Caquetío language">Caquetío language</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Aruba" title="List of newspapers in Aruba">List of newspapers in Aruba</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Primary Language of Arubans</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Languages</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Papiamento</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:63.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">63.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Dutch</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:15%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">15%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Spanish</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:11.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">11.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">English</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Chinese</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:1.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">None</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkblue; width:1.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.5%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:1.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Not Stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:maroon; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Housing census 2010<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div><p>Official languages are <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a>. While Dutch is the sole language for all administration and legal matters,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Papiamento is the predominant language used in Aruba. Papiamento is a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a>, spoken on Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao that also incorporates words from <a href="/wiki/Caquet%C3%ADo_language" title="Caquetío language">Caquetio</a>, Dutch, various West African languages and English.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English and Spanish are also spoken, their usage having grown due to tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other common languages spoken, based on the size of their community, are Portuguese, Cantonese, French and German. </p><p>In recent years, the government has shown an increased interest in acknowledging the cultural and historical importance of Papiamento. Although spoken Papiamento is fairly similar among the several Papiamento-speaking islands, the <a href="/wiki/Papiamento_orthography" title="Papiamento orthography">orthography differs per island</a>, with Aruba using etymological spelling (Papiamento), and Curaçao and Bonaire a phonetic spelling (Papiamentu). </p><p>The book <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Buccaneers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Buccaneers of America">Buccaneers of America</a></i>, first published in 1678, states through eyewitness account that the natives on Aruba spoke Spanish already.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish became an important language in the 18th century due to the close economic ties with Spanish colonies in what are now Venezuela and Colombia.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venezuelan TV networks are received on the island, and there are significant Venezuelan and Colombian communities.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAFactBook_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAFactBook-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 13% of the population today speaks Spanish natively.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of English dates to the early 19th century, when the British ruled Curaçao, Aruba, and Bonaire. When Dutch rule resumed in 1815, officials already noted wide use of the language.<sup id="cite_ref-Putte_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putte-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a little studied native variety of <a href="/wiki/English_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="English Creole">English Creole</a> spoken in <a href="/wiki/San_Nicolaas" title="San Nicolaas">San Nicolaas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aruba has newspapers published in Papiamento: <i><a href="/wiki/Diario_(Aruba)" title="Diario (Aruba)">Diario</a></i>, <i>Bon Dia</i>, <i>Solo di Pueblo</i>, and <i>Awe Mainta</i>; English: <i>Aruba Daily</i>, <i>Aruba Today</i>, and <i>The News</i>; and Dutch: <i><a href="/wiki/Amigoe" title="Amigoe">Amigoe</a></i>. There are 18 radio stations (two AM and sixteen FM) and two local television stations (<a href="/wiki/Telearuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Telearuba">Telearuba</a> and Channel 22).<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions of Aruba<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religions</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DodgerBlue; width:75.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">75.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">None</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:5.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:SkyBlue; width:4.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"> Other </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:pink; width:4.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witness" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah's Witness">Jehovah's Witness</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:teal; width:1.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Unspecified</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:LightGrey; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> is the dominant religion, followed by approximately 75% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Catholicism, there is a diverse range of religions practiced<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">African diaspora religions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BNA-DIG-MEINERS-0143_-_Landschap_-_Seroe_Pretoe,_Grot_van_Onze_lieve_Vrouwe_van_Lourdes_630700_c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/BNA-DIG-MEINERS-0143_-_Landschap_-_Seroe_Pretoe%2C_Grot_van_Onze_lieve_Vrouwe_van_Lourdes_630700_c.jpg/220px-BNA-DIG-MEINERS-0143_-_Landschap_-_Seroe_Pretoe%2C_Grot_van_Onze_lieve_Vrouwe_van_Lourdes_630700_c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/BNA-DIG-MEINERS-0143_-_Landschap_-_Seroe_Pretoe%2C_Grot_van_Onze_lieve_Vrouwe_van_Lourdes_630700_c.jpg/330px-BNA-DIG-MEINERS-0143_-_Landschap_-_Seroe_Pretoe%2C_Grot_van_Onze_lieve_Vrouwe_van_Lourdes_630700_c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/BNA-DIG-MEINERS-0143_-_Landschap_-_Seroe_Pretoe%2C_Grot_van_Onze_lieve_Vrouwe_van_Lourdes_630700_c.jpg/440px-BNA-DIG-MEINERS-0143_-_Landschap_-_Seroe_Pretoe%2C_Grot_van_Onze_lieve_Vrouwe_van_Lourdes_630700_c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1539" data-file-height="2165" /></a><figcaption>Shrine at Sero Preto, San Nicolas (1963)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lourdes_grotto" title="Lourdes grotto">Lourdes Grotto</a>, named after the famous French religious pilgrimage site, was constructed in 1958 by a priest named Erkamp and his parishioners. This shrine is nestled into the rocks of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seroe_Preto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seroe Preto (page does not exist)">Seroe Preto</a>, just off the main road to San Nicolas. Inside the cave, there is a 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) statue of the Virgin Mary, easily visible from the main road. Each year, on February 11 (the feast of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Lady Lourdes</a>), a procession departs from <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Theresita_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Theresita Church (page does not exist)">St. Theresita Church</a> in San Nicolas and heads to the grotto, where a <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> is held.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:592px;max-width:592px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_di_Asis_Pro-Cathedra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/San_Francisco_di_Asis_Pro-Cathedra.jpg/128px-San_Francisco_di_Asis_Pro-Cathedra.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/San_Francisco_di_Asis_Pro-Cathedra.jpg/192px-San_Francisco_di_Asis_Pro-Cathedra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/San_Francisco_di_Asis_Pro-Cathedra.jpg/256px-San_Francisco_di_Asis_Pro-Cathedra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_of_Assisi_Church,_Oranjestad" title="St. Francis of Assisi Church, Oranjestad">St. Francis of Assisi Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:66px;max-width:66px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protestant_church_(Oranjestad)_17_59_57_986000.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Protestant_church_%28Oranjestad%29_17_59_57_986000.jpeg/64px-Protestant_church_%28Oranjestad%29_17_59_57_986000.jpeg" decoding="async" width="64" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Protestant_church_%28Oranjestad%29_17_59_57_986000.jpeg/96px-Protestant_church_%28Oranjestad%29_17_59_57_986000.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Protestant_church_%28Oranjestad%29_17_59_57_986000.jpeg/128px-Protestant_church_%28Oranjestad%29_17_59_57_986000.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_(Aruba)" title="Protestant Church (Aruba)">Protestant church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St.Ann%27s_Catholic_church1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/St.Ann%27s_Catholic_church1.jpg/125px-St.Ann%27s_Catholic_church1.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/St.Ann%27s_Catholic_church1.jpg/188px-St.Ann%27s_Catholic_church1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/St.Ann%27s_Catholic_church1.jpg/250px-St.Ann%27s_Catholic_church1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5858" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St_Ann%27s_Church,_Aruba" title="St Ann's Church, Aruba">St Ann's Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Filomena_Catholic_Parish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Santa_Filomena_Catholic_Parish.jpg/128px-Santa_Filomena_Catholic_Parish.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Santa_Filomena_Catholic_Parish.jpg/192px-Santa_Filomena_Catholic_Parish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Santa_Filomena_Catholic_Parish.jpg/256px-Santa_Filomena_Catholic_Parish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._Philomena%27s_Church,_Paradera" title="St. Philomena's Church, Paradera">St. Philomena's Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alto_Vista_Chapel_@_Sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Alto_Vista_Chapel_%40_Sunrise.jpg/127px-Alto_Vista_Chapel_%40_Sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Alto_Vista_Chapel_%40_Sunrise.jpg/191px-Alto_Vista_Chapel_%40_Sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Alto_Vista_Chapel_%40_Sunrise.jpg/254px-Alto_Vista_Chapel_%40_Sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5710" data-file-height="3851" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Alto_Vista_Chapel" title="Alto Vista Chapel">Alto Vista Chapel</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Aruba" title="Politics of Aruba">Politics of Aruba</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_of_Aruba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Parliament_of_Aruba.jpg/220px-Parliament_of_Aruba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Parliament_of_Aruba.jpg/330px-Parliament_of_Aruba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Parliament_of_Aruba.jpg/440px-Parliament_of_Aruba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4659" data-file-height="2822" /></a><figcaption>Parliament of Aruba in <a href="/wiki/Oranjestad,_Aruba" title="Oranjestad, Aruba">Oranjestad</a></figcaption></figure><p> Along with the Netherlands, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten, Aruba is a <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands">constituent country</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, with internal autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matters such as foreign affairs and defense are handled by the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba's politics take place within a framework of a 21-member <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Aruba" title="Parliament of Aruba">Staten</a> (Parliament) and an eight-member Cabinet; the Staten's 21 members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve a four-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Aruba" title="Governor of Aruba">governor of Aruba</a> is appointed for a six-year term by the <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of the Netherlands">monarch</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">prime minister</a> and deputy prime minister are indirectly elected by the Staten for four-year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/220px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/330px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/440px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 2x" data-file-width="2206" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>Map of the European Union in the world with <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">overseas countries and territories and outermost regions</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The legal system is based on the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Dutch model</a>. Legal jurisdiction lies with the <i>Gerecht in Eerste Aanleg</i> (<a href="/wiki/Court_of_First_Instance" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of First Instance">Court of First Instance</a>), the <i>Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie van Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, en van Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba</i> (<a href="/wiki/Joint_Court_of_Justice_of_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao,_Sint_Maarten,_and_of_Bonaire,_Sint_Eustatius_and_Saba" title="Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba</a>) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Hoge_Raad_der_Nederlanden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoge Raad der Nederlanden">Hoge Raad der Nederlanden</a></i> (Supreme Court of Justice of the Netherlands).<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Korps Politie Aruba</i> (<a href="/wiki/Aruba_Police_Force" title="Aruba Police Force">Aruba Police Force</a>) is the law enforcement agency and operates district precincts in Oranjestad, Noord, San Nicolaas, and Santa Cruz, where it is headquartered.<sup id="cite_ref-KPA-districts_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KPA-districts-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divergent_Legal_Protections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divergent Legal Protections (page does not exist)">Divergent Legal Protections</a> from the rest of the Kingdom of the Netherlands include not being part of the Law Enforcement Council (Raad van de Rechtshandhaving), which is a legal entity based on the Kingdom Act of the July 7, 2010 the Kingdom Act on the Law Enforcement Council. Aruba is the only country in the kingdom that does not have an <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman" title="Ombudsman">ombudsman</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Deficit_spending" title="Deficit spending">Deficit spending</a> has been a staple in Aruba's history, and modestly high inflation has been present as well. By 2006, the government's debt had grown to 1.883 billion <a href="/wiki/Aruban_florin" title="Aruban florin">Aruban florins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the government changed several tax laws to reduce the deficit. <a href="/wiki/Direct_tax" title="Direct tax">Direct taxes</a> have been converted to indirect taxes as proposed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aruba is one of the <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Dutch_overseas_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">overseas countries and territories (OCT)</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and maintains economic and cultural relations with the European Union<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba is also a member of several international organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>. Although not officially a part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, Aruba does receive support from the <a href="/wiki/European_Development_Fund" title="European Development Fund">European Development Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-euprofile_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euprofile-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Aruba" title="Military of Aruba">Military of Aruba</a></div> <p>Defence is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Netherlands">Dutch Armed Forces</a> that protect the island include the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Marine_Corps" title="Netherlands Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Coastguard" title="Netherlands Coastguard">Coastguard</a> including a platoon sized national guard. All forces are stationed at Marines base in Savaneta. In 1999 the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Forward_operating_site" title="Forward operating site">forward operating site</a> the airport.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:School_Building_1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/School_Building_1888.jpg/188px-School_Building_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/School_Building_1888.jpg/282px-School_Building_1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/School_Building_1888.jpg/376px-School_Building_1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">First public elementary school (1888), currently houses the Council of Advise and the General Court of Audit since 1982.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aruba_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aruba_University.jpg/188px-Aruba_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aruba_University.jpg/282px-Aruba_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aruba_University.jpg/376px-Aruba_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aruba" title="University of Aruba">University of Aruba</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Historically, Dutch was not widely spoken on the island, except within colonial administration, and its usage increased in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Putte_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putte-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students in Curaçao, Aruba, and Bonaire were predominantly taught in Spanish until the late 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch serves as the primary language of instruction, with Papiamento taught as a subject in the lower grades of secondary education.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDijkhoffPereira2010237_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDijkhoffPereira2010237-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The educational system mirrors the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the Netherlands">Dutch education structure</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bogaerts_(Transitional_times)_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogaerts_(Transitional_times)-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with public national education financed by the government of Aruba.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The education landscape includes a mix of public and private institutions, such as the <a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Aruba" title="International School of Aruba">International School of Aruba</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Schakel College,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Colegio_Arubano" title="Colegio Arubano">Colegio Arubano</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aruba" title="University of Aruba">University of Aruba</a> is the national university. Aruba hosts three <a href="/wiki/Medical_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical schools">medical schools</a>, American University School of Medicine Aruba, <a href="/wiki/Aureus_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Aureus University School of Medicine">Aureus University School of Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xavier_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Xavier University School of Medicine">Xavier University School of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Aruba" title="Economy of Aruba">Economy of Aruba</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Aruba" title="Transport in Aruba">Transport in Aruba</a></div> <p>The economy is dominated by four main industries: tourism, aloe export, <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">petroleum refining</a>, and offshore banking.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba has one of the highest standards of living in the Caribbean region. The GDP per capita (PPP) was estimated to be $37,500 in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its main trading partners are Colombia, the United States, Venezuela, and the Netherlands. </p><p>The agriculture and manufacturing sectors are fairly minimal. <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">Gold mining</a> was important in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aloe was introduced in 1840 but did not become a big export until 1890. Cornelius Eman founded Aruba Aloe Balm, and over time the industry became very important to the economy. At one point, two-thirds of the island was covered in aloe vera fields, and Aruba became the largest exporter of aloe in the world. The industry continues today, though on a smaller scale. </p><p>Access to <a href="/wiki/Biocapacity" title="Biocapacity">biocapacity</a> is much lower than world average. In 2016, Aruba had 0.57 global hectares<sup id="cite_ref-footprintdata_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-footprintdata-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of biocapacity per person within its territory, much less than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Aruba used 6.5 global hectares of biocapacity per person—their <a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">ecological footprint</a> of consumption. This means they use almost 12 times the biocapacity that Aruba contains. This is the extent of Aruba's biocapacity deficit.<sup id="cite_ref-footprintdata_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-footprintdata-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official exchange rate of the <a href="/wiki/Aruban_florin" title="Aruban florin">Aruban florin</a> is pegged to the US dollar at Afl 1.80 to US$1.00.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fact, and the majority of tourists being US, means businesses of hotel and resort districts prefer to bank and trade with the consumer in US dollars. Aruba is a prosperous country. Unemployment is low (although the government has not published statistics since 2013) and per capita income is one of the highest in the Caribbean (approximately $24,087). At the end of 2018, the labor force participation rate was 56.6% for women. </p><p>Until the mid-1980s, the main industry was oil refining; the refinery was shut down, and the economy shifted towards tourism. The refinery has been closed and restarted repeatedly during the last decades. In recent years a letter of intent was signed with CITGO (the US subsidiary of the Venezuelan state oil company PDVSA) to explore the possibility of reopening the refinery again. </p><p> Until 2009, the Netherlands granted development aid to Aruba. This aid was mainly for law enforcement, education, administrative development, health care and sustainable economic development. This aid was discontinued at Aruba's request in 2009. Since 2015, however, a form of financial supervision has been reintroduced because debt has risen sharply to over 80% of GDP. Aruba has two free trade zones (<a href="/wiki/Barcadera" title="Barcadera">Barcadera</a> and Bushiri), where import and export and the movement of services are tax-free.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIU_Palace_Antillas_-_Aruba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RIU_Palace_Antillas_-_Aruba.jpg/220px-RIU_Palace_Antillas_-_Aruba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RIU_Palace_Antillas_-_Aruba.jpg/330px-RIU_Palace_Antillas_-_Aruba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RIU_Palace_Antillas_-_Aruba.jpg/440px-RIU_Palace_Antillas_-_Aruba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A tourist resort on the island</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aruba has a large and well-developed tourism industry, receiving 1,082,000 tourists who stayed overnight in its territory in 2018. About 75% of the gross national product is earned through tourism and related activities.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most tourists are from North America, with a market-share of 73.3%, followed by Latin America with 15.2% and Europe with 8.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-ATA_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATA-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, there were 40,231 visitors from the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. </p><p>For private aircraft passengers bound for the United States, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a> has a full pre-clearance facility since 1 February 2001 when <a href="/wiki/Queen_Beatrix_International_Airport" title="Queen Beatrix International Airport">Queen Beatrix Airport</a> expanded. Since 2008, Aruba has been the only island to have this service for private flights.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Aruba" title="Culture of Aruba">Culture of Aruba</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Aruba_and_the_Netherlands_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles">Music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Aruba" title="Sports in Aruba">Sports in Aruba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cucui" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucui">Cucui</a></div><p>Aruba boasts a diverse culture. According to the <i>Bureau Burgelijke Stand en Bevolkingsregister</i> (BBSB, Civil Registry and Population Register), in 2005, the island was home to people from 92 different nationalities.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch influence is still evident in traditions like the celebration of <i><a href="/wiki/Sinterklaas" title="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</a></i> (Saint Nicholas) on December 5 and 6, as well as national holidays like April 27 when Aruba, along with the rest of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, celebrates <i><a href="/wiki/Koningsdag" title="Koningsdag">Koningsdag</a></i> (King's day) or <i>Dia di Rey</i> (in Papiamento) is celebrated.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 March, Aruba celebrates its National Anthem and Flag Day.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christmas and New Year's Eve are celebrated with the typical music and songs of <a href="/wiki/Gaita_flutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaita flutes">gaitas</a> for Christmas<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dande_(Aruba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dande (Aruba) (page does not exist)">dande</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dande" class="extiw" title="nl:Dande">nl</a>]</span> for New Year. Traditional food and drinks like <i><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">ayaca</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ponche_crema" title="Ponche crema">ponche crema</a></i>, ham, and more are also parts of the festive season. January 25 is dedicated to celebrating Betico Croes day, while June 24 is the day for <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Eve" title="Saint John's Eve"><i>Dia di San Juan</i></a>. In addition to Christmas, religious holidays such as the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Feast of the Ascension</a> and <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> are observed. </p><p>Aruba's <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnaval</a> is a significant cultural event, akin to celebrations in other Caribbean and Latin American countries. It began in the 1950s, influenced by residents from Venezuela and nearby islands (Curaçao, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Barbados, St. Maarten, and Anguilla) who worked at the oil refinery. The Carnaval Celebrations now spans from early January until <a href="/wiki/Fat_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat Tuesday">Fat Tuesday</a>, featuring a grand parade on the final Sunday of the festivities.<sup id="cite_ref-arubabeachhouse_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arubabeachhouse-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aruba has seen an increased influence of American culture with rising tourism from the United States. This is evident in the adoption of American celebrations like <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> in October and Thanksgiving Day in November.<sup id="cite_ref-arubabeachhouse_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arubabeachhouse-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/De_Olde_Molen" title="De Olde Molen">De Olde Molen</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza_Daniel_Leo,_Oranjestad,_Aruba_-_February_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Plaza_Daniel_Leo%2C_Oranjestad%2C_Aruba_-_February_2020.jpg/220px-Plaza_Daniel_Leo%2C_Oranjestad%2C_Aruba_-_February_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Plaza_Daniel_Leo%2C_Oranjestad%2C_Aruba_-_February_2020.jpg/330px-Plaza_Daniel_Leo%2C_Oranjestad%2C_Aruba_-_February_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Plaza_Daniel_Leo%2C_Oranjestad%2C_Aruba_-_February_2020.jpg/440px-Plaza_Daniel_Leo%2C_Oranjestad%2C_Aruba_-_February_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4957" data-file-height="2603" /></a><figcaption>Ornate buildings in <a href="/wiki/Oranjestad,_Aruba" title="Oranjestad, Aruba">Oranjestad</a></figcaption></figure><p>From the beginning of the colonization of the Netherlands until the beginning of the 20th century, the architecture in the most inhabited areas was influenced by the Dutch colonial style and also some Spanish elements from the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Catholic missionaries</a>. After the boom of the oil industry and the tourist sector in the 20th century, the architectural style of the island incorporated a more American and international influence. In addition, elements of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> style can still be seen in several buildings in San Nicolas. Therefore, it can be said that the island's architecture is a mixture of Spanish, Dutch, American and Caribbean influences. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most popular sports in Aruba are <a href="/wiki/Aruba_Football_Federation" title="Aruba Football Federation">football</a>, basketball, baseball, and volleyball, as well as beach sports.<sup id="cite_ref-Verlete_Sports_2020_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verlete_Sports_2020-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aruba has competed at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> since <a href="/wiki/Aruba_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Aruba at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_2018_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer_2018-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Aruba" title="Transport in Aruba">Transport in Aruba</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Queen_Beatrix_International_Airport" title="Queen Beatrix International Airport">Queen Beatrix International Airport</a> is near Oranjestad. Aruba has four ports: <a href="/wiki/Barcadera" title="Barcadera">Barcadera</a>, the main cargo port; <a href="/wiki/Paardenbaai" title="Paardenbaai">Paardenbaai</a>, the cruise ship terminal in Oranjestad/Taratata;<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commandeurs Baai (Commander's Bay) in <a href="/wiki/Savaneta" title="Savaneta">Savaneta</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sint Nicolaas Baai in San Nicolaas. Paardenbaai services all the cruise-ship lines such as <a href="/wiki/Royal_Caribbean_International" title="Royal Caribbean International">Royal Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnival_Cruise_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival Cruise Lines">Carnival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Cruise_Line" title="Norwegian Cruise Line">NCL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holland_America_Line" title="Holland America Line">Holland America</a>, <a href="/wiki/MSC_Cruises" title="MSC Cruises">MSC Cruises</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Cruises" title="Costa Cruises">Costa Cruises</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Cruises" title="P&O Cruises">P&O Cruises</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disney_Cruise_Line" title="Disney Cruise Line">Disney</a>. Nearly one million tourists enter this port per year. Aruba Ports Authority, owned and operated by the Aruban government, runs these seaports.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AUA_Arrivals_building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AUA_Arrivals_building.JPG/220px-AUA_Arrivals_building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AUA_Arrivals_building.JPG/330px-AUA_Arrivals_building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AUA_Arrivals_building.JPG/440px-AUA_Arrivals_building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The Arrivals building at Queen Beatrix International Airport</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Arubus_N.V." title="Arubus N.V.">Arubus</a></i> is a government-owned bus company. Its buses operate from 3:30 a.m. until 12:30 a.m., 365 days a year. Private minibuses/people movers service zones such as the Hotel Area, San Nicolaas, Santa Cruz and Noord. A <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Oranjestad,_Aruba" title="Trams in Oranjestad, Aruba">streetcar service</a> runs on rails on the main street of Oranjestad.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Water- en Energiebedrijf Aruba, N.V. (W.E.B.) produces and distributes potable water<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and power. Average daily water consumption in Aruba is about 35,600 m3 (46,500 cu. yd.) per day.,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and average power generation is 104 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> W.E.B. produces electricity, which is distributed by <a href="/wiki/N.V._Elmar" title="N.V. Elmar">N.V. Elmar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both companies share the same parent holding which is Utilities Aruba N.V.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Solar_Park" title="Sunrise Solar Park">Sunrise Solar Park</a> was installed and opened in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aruba_electricity_production.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aruba_electricity_production.svg/220px-Aruba_electricity_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aruba_electricity_production.svg/330px-Aruba_electricity_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aruba_electricity_production.svg/440px-Aruba_electricity_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Aruba electricity production by source</figcaption></figure><p>There are three sewage treatment plants at Zeewijk, Parkietenbos and Bubali. The one in Bubali (near the bird sanctuary) is 4 decades old and is processing over 8,000 m3 (10,000 cu. yd.) per day,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around double its original capacity of 4,500 m3 (5900 cu. yd.) per day (due to Aruba's growth). A solid waste landfill (16 hectares; 40 acres) is located at Parkietenbos. The capacity is between 130 and 150 kilotons per year.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes there are huge spontaneous fires creating pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two telecommunications providers: government-based <a href="/wiki/SetarNV" class="mw-redirect" title="SetarNV">Setar</a>, and privately owned <a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> is Setar's competitor in wireless technology using the GSM platform.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aruba-Hooiberg-2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Aruba-Hooiberg-2013.JPG/220px-Aruba-Hooiberg-2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Aruba-Hooiberg-2013.JPG/330px-Aruba-Hooiberg-2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Aruba-Hooiberg-2013.JPG/440px-Aruba-Hooiberg-2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4521" data-file-height="3094" /></a><figcaption>Hooiberg (hill)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Vista_Chapel" title="Alto Vista Chapel">Alto Vista Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikok_National_Park" title="Arikok National Park">Arikok National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayo_Rock_Formations" title="Ayo Rock Formations">Ayo and Casibari Rock Formations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushiribana_and_Balashi" title="Bushiribana and Balashi">Bushiribana and Balashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Lighthouse" title="California Lighthouse">California Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frenchman%27s_Pass" title="Frenchman's Pass">Frenchman's Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooiberg" title="Hooiberg">Hooiberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamanota" title="Jamanota">Jamanota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Pool">Natural Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadiriki_Caves" title="Quadiriki Caves">Quadiriki Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Nicolaas,_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Sint Nicolaas, Aruba">Sint Nicolaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_Colony" title="Lago Colony">Lago Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_of_Aruba" title="Beaches of Aruba">Beaches of Aruba</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Benton" title="Dave Benton">Dave Benton</a>, Aruban-Estonian musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Boekhoudt" title="Alfonso Boekhoudt">Alfonso Boekhoudt</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Aruba" title="Governor of Aruba">Governor of Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xander_Bogaerts" title="Xander Bogaerts">Xander Bogaerts</a>, shortstop in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Bruyning" title="Carol Bruyning">Carol Bruyning</a>, former beauty queen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betico_Croes" title="Betico Croes">Betico Croes</a>, political activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Dumfries" title="Denzel Dumfries">Denzel Dumfries</a>, footballer for the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_national_football_team" title="Netherlands national football team">Netherlands national team</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inter_Milan" title="Inter Milan">Inter Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nydia_Ecury" title="Nydia Ecury">Nydia Ecury</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henny_Eman" title="Henny Eman">Henny Eman</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Prime Minister of Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Eman" title="Mike Eman">Mike Eman</a>, 3rd Prime Minister of Aruba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Farrell" title="Bobby Farrell">Bobby Farrell</a>, musician, former and male member of <a href="/wiki/Boney_M." title="Boney M.">Boney M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Figaroa" title="Frans Figaroa">Frans Figaroa</a>, Lieutenant Governor of Aruba 1979–1982</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Habibe" title="Henry Habibe">Henry Habibe</a>, poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holleran" title="Andrew Holleran">Andrew Holleran</a>, novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Irausquin-Wajcberg" title="Maria Irausquin-Wajcberg">Maria Irausquin-Wajcberg</a>, first elected female politician in Aruba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olindo_Koolman" title="Olindo Koolman">Olindo Koolman</a>, 2nd Governor of Aruba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad%C3%BA_del_Caribe" title="Padú del Caribe">Juan Lampe</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macuarima" class="mw-redirect" title="Macuarima">Macuarima</a>, first Aruban Amerindian Chief killed by colonist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Maduro" title="Calvin Maduro">Calvin Maduro</a>, pitcher in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedwiges_Maduro" title="Hedwiges Maduro">Hedwiges Maduro</a>, former footballer and now a coach.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jossy_Mansur" title="Jossy Mansur">Jossy Mansur</a>, editor of the <a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a> language newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/Diario_(Aruba)" title="Diario (Aruba)">Diario</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diederick_Charles_Mathew" title="Diederick Charles Mathew">Diederick Charles Mathew</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Merryweather" title="John Merryweather">John Merryweather</a> (1932–2019), first Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Oduber" title="Nelson Oduber">Nelson Oduber</a>, 2nd Prime Minister of Aruba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah-Quita_Offringa" title="Sarah-Quita Offringa">Sarah-Quita Offringa</a>, world champion windsurfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Orman" title="Olga Orman">Olga Orman</a>, writer and poet<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Ponson" title="Sidney Ponson">Sidney Ponson</a>, pitcher in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredis_Refunjol" title="Fredis Refunjol">Fredis Refunjol</a>, 3rd Governor of Aruba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Renfro" title="Julia Renfro">Julia Renfro</a>, newspaper editor and photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Richardson-Baars" title="Jeannette Richardson-Baars">Jeannette Richardson-Baars</a>, Director of the Police Academy of Aruba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Ruiz-Maduro" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiomara Ruiz-Maduro">Xiomara Ruiz-Maduro</a>, Minister for Finance, Economic Affairs & Culture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick_Tromp" title="Chadwick Tromp">Chadwick Tromp</a>, catcher in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Tromp" title="Felipe Tromp">Felipe Tromp</a>, first Governor of Aruba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Wernet-Paskel" title="Laura Wernet-Paskel">Laura Wernet-Paskel</a>, first female political candidate in Aruba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wever-Croes" title="Evelyn Wever-Croes">Evelyn Wever-Croes</a>, 4th Prime Minister of Aruba, first female Prime Minister</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Netherlands" title="Portal:Netherlands">Netherlands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Aruba" title="Central Bank of Aruba">Central Bank of Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Aruba-related_articles" title="Index of Aruba-related articles">Index of Aruba-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_of_Aruba" title="List of monuments of Aruba">List of monuments of Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Aruba" title="Outline of Aruba">Outline of Aruba</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Papiamento word for agricultural land or farm land, "kunuku" (Aruba: cunucu), may have a Taino origin.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlofs1995" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alofs, Luc (11 February 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BNA-DIG-ARTIKEL-ALOFS-1995/mode/1up?q=1515">"De Rode Rand van de Slavernij, 1809-1914 : Rode Slavernij op Koloniaal Aruba"</a> [The Red Edge of Slavery, 1809-1914: Red Slavery on Colonial Aruba] (in Dutch).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=De+Rode+Rand+van+de+Slavernij%2C+1809-1914+%3A+Rode+Slavernij+op+Koloniaal+Aruba&rft.date=1995-02-11&rft.aulast=Alofs&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBNA-DIG-ARTIKEL-ALOFS-1995%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fq%3D1515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenneker1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brenneker, Paul Hubert Franz (1986). <i>Zjozjolí : gegevens over de volkskunde van Curaçao, Aruba en Bonaire</i> [<i>Zjozjolí: Data on the Folklore of Curaçao, Aruba, and Bonaire</i>] (in Dutch). Willemstad, Curaçao: Instant Printing Services. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/742063538">742063538</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zjozjol%C3%AD+%3A+gegevens+over+de+volkskunde+van+Cura%C3%A7ao%2C+Aruba+en+Bonaire&rft.place=Willemstad%2C+Cura%C3%A7ao&rft.pub=Instant+Printing+Services&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F742063538&rft.aulast=Brenneker&rft.aufirst=Paul+Hubert+Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDijkhoffPereira2010" class="citation book cs1">Dijkhoff, Marta; Pereira, Joyce (2010). "Language and education in Aruba Bonaire and Curaçao". <i>Creoles in Education</i>. John Benjamins B.V. pp. 237–272.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+and+education+in+Aruba+Bonaire+and+Cura%C3%A7ao&rft.btitle=Creoles+in+Education&rft.pages=237-272&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+B.V.&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Dijkhoff&rft.aufirst=Marta&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Joyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNooyen1965" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Nooyen, R.H. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BNA-DIG-ARUBIANA-0066"><i>Millefiori di Aruba</i></a> [<i>Millefiori of Aruba</i>] (in Papiamento). Oranjestad, Aruba. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2270256">2270256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Millefiori+di+Aruba&rft.place=Oranjestad%2C+Aruba&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2270256&rft.aulast=Nooyen&rft.aufirst=R.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBNA-DIG-ARUBIANA-0066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiggeLégliseBartens2010" class="citation book cs1">Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4SMLb6hKv4YC&pg=PT276"><i>Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects</i></a>. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-5258-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-5258-6"><bdi>978-90-272-5258-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503143354/https://books.google.com/books?id=4SMLb6hKv4YC&lpg=PT276">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creoles+in+Education%3A+An+Appraisal+of+Current+Programs+and+Projects&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-272-5258-6&rft.aulast=Migge&rft.aufirst=Bettina&rft.au=L%C3%A9glise%2C+Isabelle&rft.au=Bartens%2C+Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4SMLb6hKv4YC%26pg%3DPT276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia.gov-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/aruba/">"Aruba"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Aruba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Faruba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rijksoverheid.nl-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rijksoverheid.nl_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/caribische-deel-van-het-koninkrijk/vraag-en-antwoord/waaruit-bestaat-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden">"Waaruit bestaat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden? - Rijksoverheid.nl"</a>. <i>onderwerpen</i> (in Dutch). Ministerie van Algemene. 19 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=onderwerpen&rft.atitle=Waaruit+bestaat+het+Koninkrijk+der+Nederlanden%3F+-+Rijksoverheid.nl&rft.date=2015-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksoverheid.nl%2Fonderwerpen%2Fcaribische-deel-van-het-koninkrijk%2Fvraag-en-antwoord%2Fwaaruit-bestaat-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbs.aw/wp/index.php/2022/06/16/quarterly-demographic-bulletin-2022/">"Quarterly Demographic Bulletin 2022 (QDB0922)"</a>. <i>Central Bureau of Statistics Aruba</i>. September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+Aruba&rft.atitle=Quarterly+Demographic+Bulletin+2022+%28QDB0922%29&rft.date=2022-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbs.aw%2Fwp%2Findex.php%2F2022%2F06%2F16%2Fquarterly-demographic-bulletin-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/aruba/cities/">"Aruba"</a>. <i>City Population</i>. 1 October 2020. Aruba<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+Population&rft.atitle=Aruba&rft.pages=Aruba&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Faruba%2Fcities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.AW-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.AW_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.AW_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.AW_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.AW_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=314,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Aruba)"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28Aruba%29&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D314%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/37333/Aruba">"Aruba"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150515014514/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/37333/Aruba">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9781139021722">10.1017/cbo9781139021722</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89875-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89875-1"><bdi>978-0-521-89875-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cultural+History+of+the+Atlantic+World%2C+1250%E2%80%931820&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9781139021722&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89875-1&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fcultural-history-of-the-atlantic-world-12501820%2F6AB63A6E5C61FE23397BDE51A45DA0BB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliver, J.R. 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(1995). <i>Reconstructing Brasil Wood Island: the archaeology and landscape of Indian Aruba</i>. Aruba: Publications of the Archaeological Museum, no. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boerstra, E. (1982). <i>De precolumbiaanse bewoners van Aruba, Curaçao en Bonaire</i>. Zutphen: De Walberg Pers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVersteeg1997" class="citation book cs1">Versteeg, A.H. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BNA-DIG-HARTOG-ARUBAANSAKKOORD/page/88/mode/1up">"Pre-Columbian houses at Santa Cruz site"</a>. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BNA-DIG-HARTOG-ARUBAANSAKKOORD/mode/1up"><i>Arubaans Akkoord : Opstellen over Aruba van voor de komst van de olieindustrie</i></a></span> [<i>Aruban Accord: Writings about Aruba from before the arrival of the oil industry</i>] (L. Alofs, W. Rutgers en H.E. Coomans ed.). Bloemendaal: Stichting Libri Antiyani. pp. 89–102<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/982990">"The Aruba Language and the Papiamento Jargon"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>22</b> (120): 299–305. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-049X">0003-049X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/982990">982990</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Aruba+Language+and+the+Papiamento+Jargon&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=120&rft.pages=299-305&rft.date=1885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F982990%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0003-049X&rft.aulast=Gatschet&rft.aufirst=Alb.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F982990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDBNL1946" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">DBNL (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_lux001194601_01/_lux001194601_01_0012.php">"De Caraïben door M.D. Latour O.P., Lux. Jaargang 4"</a>. <i>DBNL</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DBNL&rft.atitle=De+Cara%C3%AFben+door+M.D.+Latour+O.P.%2C+Lux.+Jaargang+4&rft.date=1946&rft.au=DBNL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Ftekst%2F_lux001194601_01%2F_lux001194601_01_0012.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:05-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:05_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:05_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHummelinck1959" class="citation journal cs1">Hummelinck, P. Wagenaar (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41969614">"Studies on the Physical Anthropology of the Netherlands Antilles: I: Indiaanse Skeletvondsten Op Aruba En Curaçao"</a>. <i>De West-Indische Gids</i>. <b>39</b> (2/4): 77–94. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0372-7289">0372-7289</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41969614">41969614</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+West-Indische+Gids&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+Physical+Anthropology+of+the+Netherlands+Antilles%3A+I%3A+Indiaanse+Skeletvondsten+Op+Aruba+En+Cura%C3%A7ao&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2%2F4&rft.pages=77-94&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41969614%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0372-7289&rft.aulast=Hummelinck&rft.aufirst=P.+Wagenaar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41969614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_34-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlofs2018" class="citation book cs1">Alofs, Luc (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/BNA-DIG-9789088906022"><i>Koloniale mythen en Benedenwindse feiten : Curaçao, Aruba en Bonaire in inheems Atlantisch perspectief, ca. 1499-1636</i></a>. Leiden : Sidestone Press. pp. 29–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8890-602-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8890-602-2"><bdi>978-90-8890-602-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Koloniale+mythen+en+Benedenwindse+feiten+%3A+Cura%C3%A7ao%2C+Aruba+en+Bonaire+in+inheems+Atlantisch+perspectief%2C+ca.+1499-1636&rft.pages=29-50&rft.pub=Leiden+%3A+Sidestone+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-90-8890-602-2&rft.aulast=Alofs&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBNA-DIG-9789088906022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSijsJoubert2020" class="citation web cs1">Sijs, N. van der; Joubert, S. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/227327">"Antilliaans-Nederlandse woorden en hun herkomst"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antilliaans-Nederlandse+woorden+en+hun+herkomst&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Sijs&rft.aufirst=N.+van+der&rft.au=Joubert%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.ubn.ru.nl%2Fhandle%2F2066%2F227327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVespucci1992" class="citation book cs1">Vespucci, Amerigo (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/lettersfromnewwo0000vesp"><i>Letters from a new world : Amerigo Vespucci's Discovery of America</i></a>. Internet Archive. New York : Marsilio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941419-62-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941419-62-8"><bdi>978-0-941419-62-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+from+a+new+world+%3A+Amerigo+Vespucci%27s+Discovery+of+America&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+Marsilio&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-941419-62-8&rft.aulast=Vespucci&rft.aufirst=Amerigo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flettersfromnewwo0000vesp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:022-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:022_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:022_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlofs2018" class="citation book cs1">Alofs, L. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BNA-DIG-9789088906022/page/19/mode/2up">"Inheemse eilanden: een korte kennismaking"</a> [Indigenous islands: a brief introduction]. <i>Koloniale mythen en Benedenwindse feiten : Curaçao, Aruba en Bonaire in inheems Atlantisch perspectief, ca. 1499-1636</i> [<i>Colonial Myths and Leeward Realities: Curaçao, Aruba, and Bonaire from an Indigenous Atlantic Perspective, ca. 1499-1636</i>]. Sidestone Press. pp. 51–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8890-602-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8890-602-2"><bdi>978-90-8890-602-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inheemse+eilanden%3A+een+korte+kennismaking&rft.btitle=Koloniale+mythen+en+Benedenwindse+feiten+%3A+Cura%C3%A7ao%2C+Aruba+en+Bonaire+in+inheems+Atlantisch+perspectief%2C+ca.+1499-1636&rft.pages=51-79&rft.pub=Sidestone+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-90-8890-602-2&rft.aulast=Alofs&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBNA-DIG-9789088906022%2Fpage%2F19%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlofs2018" class="citation book cs1">Alofs, Luc (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/BNA-DIG-9789088906022"><i>Koloniale mythen en Benedenwindse feiten : Curaçao, Aruba en Bonaire in inheems Atlantisch perspectief, ca. 1499-1636</i></a>. Leiden : Sidestone Press. pp. 81–110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8890-602-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8890-602-2"><bdi>978-90-8890-602-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Koloniale+mythen+en+Benedenwindse+feiten+%3A+Cura%C3%A7ao%2C+Aruba+en+Bonaire+in+inheems+Atlantisch+perspectief%2C+ca.+1499-1636&rft.pages=81-110&rft.pub=Leiden+%3A+Sidestone+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-90-8890-602-2&rft.aulast=Alofs&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBNA-DIG-9789088906022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDBNL" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">DBNL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/door040rype01_01/door040rype01_01_0025.php">"Een korte Historie Aengaende Hollandt, Den Ryper zee-postil, bestaende in XXII. 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(1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9289-4">"A Short History of the Netherlands Antilles and Surinam"</a>. <i>SpringerLink</i>: 20–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-009-9289-4">10.1007/978-94-009-9289-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-247-2118-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-247-2118-4"><bdi>978-90-247-2118-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SpringerLink&rft.atitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Netherlands+Antilles+and+Surinam&rft.pages=20-25&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-009-9289-4&rft.isbn=978-90-247-2118-4&rft.aulast=Goslinga&rft.aufirst=Cornelis+Ch.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-94-009-9289-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoslinga1971" class="citation book cs1">Goslinga, Cornelis Christiaan (1971). "The Battle for Salt". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/BNA-DIG-CARI-944_4-GOSL"><i>The Dutch in the Caribbean and on the Wild Coast, 1580-1680</i></a></span>. Assen : Van Gorcum [etc.] pp. 116–140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-232-0141-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-232-0141-0"><bdi>978-90-232-0141-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Battle+for+Salt&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+in+the+Caribbean+and+on+the+Wild+Coast%2C+1580-1680&rft.pages=116-140&rft.pub=Assen+%3A+Van+Gorcum+%5Betc.%5D&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-90-232-0141-0&rft.aulast=Goslinga&rft.aufirst=Cornelis+Christiaan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBNA-DIG-CARI-944_4-GOSL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnger1980" class="citation journal cs1">Unger, Richard W. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2120179">"Dutch Herring, Technology, and International Trade in the Seventeenth Century"</a>. <i>The Journal of Economic History</i>. <b>40</b> (2): 253–280. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022050700108204">10.1017/S0022050700108204</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0507">0022-0507</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2120179">2120179</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154052293">154052293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Economic+History&rft.atitle=Dutch+Herring%2C+Technology%2C+and+International+Trade+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=253-280&rft.date=1980&rft.issn=0022-0507&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154052293%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2120179%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022050700108204&rft.aulast=Unger&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2120179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Hullu1923" class="citation journal cs1">De Hullu, J. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41845847">"Aruba in 1816"</a>. <i>De West-Indische Gids</i>. <b>5</b>: 371–382. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0372-7289">0372-7289</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41845847">41845847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+West-Indische+Gids&rft.atitle=Aruba+in+1816&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=371-382&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41845847%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0372-7289&rft.aulast=De+Hullu&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41845847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraters_van_Tilburg1924" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fraters van Tilburg (1924), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/STADSMUSEUMTILBURG-FRATERS-404472"><i>Ranchoe. Zoutwinning. Er is weinig aan verdiend. Het zout wordt gebruikt bij de verzending van vis</i></a> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ranchoe.+Zoutwinning.+Er+is+weinig+aan+verdiend.+Het+zout+wordt+gebruikt+bij+de+verzending+van+vis&rft.date=1924&rft.au=Fraters+van+Tilburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSTADSMUSEUMTILBURG-FRATERS-404472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:04-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:04_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoslinga1979" class="citation journal cs1">Goslinga, Cornelis Ch. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9289-4">"A Short History of the Netherlands Antilles and Surinam"</a>. <i>SpringerLink</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-009-9289-4">10.1007/978-94-009-9289-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-247-2118-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-247-2118-4"><bdi>978-90-247-2118-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SpringerLink&rft.atitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Netherlands+Antilles+and+Surinam&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-009-9289-4&rft.isbn=978-90-247-2118-4&rft.aulast=Goslinga&rft.aufirst=Cornelis+Ch.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-94-009-9289-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlofs19951-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlofs19951_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlofs1995">Alofs 1995</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENooyen196534-35_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNooyen1965">Nooyen 1965</a>, p. 34-35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlofs19952-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlofs19952_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlofs1995">Alofs 1995</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrenneker198687-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrenneker198687_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrenneker1986">Brenneker 1986</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlofs19953-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlofs19953_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlofs1995">Alofs 1995</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historiadiaruba1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historiadiaruba1_52-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historiadiaruba.aw/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1">"Historia di Aruba"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621105425/http://www.historiadiaruba.aw/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historia+di+Aruba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historiadiaruba.aw%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_frontpage%26Itemid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/aruba.htm">"British Empire: Caribbean: Aruba"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508162117/http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/aruba.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Empire%3A+Caribbean%3A+Aruba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishempire.co.uk%2Fmaproom%2Faruba.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aruba2-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aruba2_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aruba.com/us/our-island/history-and-culture/history">"Aruba History"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190728181637/https://www.aruba.com/us/our-island/history-and-culture/history">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aruba+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aruba.com%2Fus%2Four-island%2Fhistory-and-culture%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert Gastmann, "Suriname and the Dutch in the Caribbean" in <i>Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture</i>, vol. 5, p. 189. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Central American and Caribbean Air Forces</i>, Daniel Hagedorn, Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., Tonbridge, 1993, p.135, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B85130%2B210%2B6" title="Special:BookSources/0+85130+210+6">0 85130 210 6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbers2007" class="citation book cs1">Robbers, Gerhard (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&pg=PA649"><i>Encyclopedia of World Constitutions</i></a>. Vol. 1. New York City: Facts on File, Inc. p. 649. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6078-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6078-8"><bdi>978-0-8160-6078-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423233225/https://books.google.com/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&lpg=PA649">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC. 10 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101011042955/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11511355">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RMI&rft.atitle=Press+Release%3A+Web+Aruba+%27Sunrise+Solar+Park%27+Project+Ground+Breaking+Monumental+for+Caribbean+Clean+Energy+Transition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frmi.org%2Fpress-release%2Fpress-release-web-aruba-sunrise-solar-park-project-ground-breaking-monumental-for-caribbean-clean-energy-transition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.government.aw/news/news_47033/item/rwzi-needs-an-urgent-solution_58430.html">"Bubali RWZI"</a>. 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bubali+RWZI&rft.date=2021-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.aw%2Fnews%2Fnews_47033%2Fitem%2Frwzi-needs-an-urgent-solution_58430.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.government.aw/news/news_47033/item/the-government-of-aruba-announces-a-request-for-information-on-long-term-sustainable-waste-management-solutions_33175.html">"Parkietenbos RFI1"</a>. 8 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parkietenbos+RFI1&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.aw%2Fnews%2Fnews_47033%2Fitem%2Fthe-government-of-aruba-announces-a-request-for-information-on-long-term-sustainable-waste-management-solutions_33175.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.government.aw/news/news_47033/item/the-government-of-aruba-announces-a-request-for-information-on-long-term-sustainable-waste-management-solutions_33175.html">"Parkietenbos RFI2"</a>. 8 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parkietenbos+RFI2&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.aw%2Fnews%2Fnews_47033%2Fitem%2Fthe-government-of-aruba-announces-a-request-for-information-on-long-term-sustainable-waste-management-solutions_33175.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.24ora.com/2022/04/07/dump-on-fire-once-again/">"Dump on fire again"</a>. 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dump+on+fire+again&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.24ora.com%2F2022%2F04%2F07%2Fdump-on-fire-once-again%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140619110741/http://www.mioaruba.com/products">"Mio Wireless"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mioaruba.com/products">the original</a> on 19 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mio+Wireless&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mioaruba.com%2Fproducts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDick_Drayer2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dick Drayer (24 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curacao.nu/merryweather-arubas-eerste-gevolmachtigde-minister-overleden/">"Merryweather, Aruba's eerste gevolmachtigde minister overleden"</a>. <i>Curacao.nu</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curacao.nu&rft.atitle=Merryweather%2C+Aruba%27s+eerste+gevolmachtigde+minister+overleden&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.au=Dick+Drayer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcuracao.nu%2Fmerryweather-arubas-eerste-gevolmachtigde-minister-overleden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuito_Nicolaas" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Quito Nicolaas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://werkgroepcaraibischeletteren.nl/olga-orman-1943-2021/">"Olga Orman; 1943 – 2021"</a>. <i>Werkgroep Caraibische Letteren</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Werkgroep+Caraibische+Letteren&rft.atitle=Olga+Orman%3B+1943+%E2%80%93+2021&rft.au=Quito+Nicolaas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwerkgroepcaraibischeletteren.nl%2Folga-orman-1943-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aymer, Paula L. – <i>Uprooted Women: Migrant Domestics in the Caribbean.</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConway1999" class="citation journal cs1">Conway, Dennis (Spring 1999). "Uprooted Women: Migrant Domestics in the Caribbean". <i>The International Migration Review</i>. <b>33</b> (1): 210–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2547337">10.2307/2547337</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40166484">40166484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Migration+Review&rft.atitle=Uprooted+Women%3A+Migrant+Domestics+in+the+Caribbean&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=210-212&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2547337&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40166484%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess1998" class="citation journal cs1">Burgess, Norma J. (September 1998). "Uprooted Women: Migrant Domestics in the Caribbean". <i>Contemporary Sociology</i>. <b>27</b> (5): 511–512. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2654520">10.2307/2654520</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/34889616">34889616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Sociology&rft.atitle=Uprooted+Women%3A+Migrant+Domestics+in+the+Caribbean&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=511-512&rft.date=1998-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2654520&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F34889616%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Norma+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Brown, Enid – <i>Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles: An Annotated English-Language Bibliography.</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoefte1993" class="citation journal cs1">Hoefte, Rosemarijn (October 1993). "Review: Hartert on Birds from Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao". <i>The Hispanic American Historical Review</i>. <b>73</b> (4): 677. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/6114727">6114727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hispanic+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Hartert+on+Birds+from+Aruba%2C+Bonaire+and+Curacao&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=677&rft.date=1993-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F6114727%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hoefte&rft.aufirst=Rosemarijn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gerber, Stanford N. – <i>The Family in the Caribbean: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on the Family in the Caribbean, Aruba, 1969.</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig1979" class="citation journal cs1">Craig, Susan (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0023879100032453">"Review: Millstones or Milestones?"</a>. <i>Latin American Research Review</i>. <b>14</b> (3). The Latin American Studies Association: 256–263. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0023879100032453">10.1017/S0023879100032453</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2502983">2502983</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253149403">253149403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latin+American+Research+Review&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Millstones+or+Milestones%3F&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=256-263&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A253149403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2502983%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0023879100032453&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0023879100032453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Green, Vera M. – <i>Migrants in Aruba: Interethnic Integration.</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1975" class="citation journal cs1">Green, James W. (September 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1975.77.3.02a00490">"Review"</a>. <i>American Anthropologist</i>. New. <b>77</b> (3). Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the American Anthropological Association: 648–649. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1975.77.3.02a00490">10.1525/aa.1975.77.3.02a00490</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/673439">673439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=Review&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=648-649&rft.date=1975-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faa.1975.77.3.02a00490&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F673439%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Faa.1975.77.3.02a00490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hartert, Ernst – <i>On the Birds of the Islands of Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire.</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._M._C.1893" class="citation journal cs1">F. M. C. (October 1893). "Review: Hartert on Birds from Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao". <i>The Auk</i>. <b>10</b> (4). University of California Press on behalf of the American Ornithologists' Union: 355–357. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4067829">4067829</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Auk&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Hartert+on+Birds+from+Aruba%2C+Bonaire+and+Curacao&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=355-357&rft.date=1893-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4067829%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=F.+M.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoutts1994" class="citation journal cs1">Coutts, B. E. (September 1994). "Reference: Netherlands Antilles and Aruba (World bibliographical series, 168) compiled by Kai Schoenhals". <i>Choice</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 78. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/7258919">7258919</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Choice&rft.atitle=Reference%3A+Netherlands+Antilles+and+Aruba+%28World+bibliographical+series%2C+168%29+compiled+by+Kai+Schoenhals&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=78&rft.date=1994-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F7258919%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Coutts&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAruba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ridderstaat J., Croes R. and Nijkamp P. (2014), Tourism and Long-run Economic Growth in Aruba, <i>International Journal of Tourism Research</i>, 16, pages 472–487, doi: 10.1002/jtr.1941.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aruba_topics" title="Template:Aruba topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aruba_topics" title="Template talk:Aruba topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aruba_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aruba topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aruba_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aruba</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Aruba-related_articles" title="Index of Aruba-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Aruba">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Aruba" title="Geography of Aruba">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oranjestad,_Aruba" title="Oranjestad, Aruba">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Aruba" title="List of cities in Aruba">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Aruba">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Aruba" title="Geology of Aruba">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Aruba">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streams_of_Aruba" title="List of streams of Aruba">Streams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Aruba" title="List of mammals of Aruba">Mammals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba" title="Coat of arms of Aruba"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="228" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Aruba" title="Politics of Aruba">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean_Coast_Guard" title="Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba" title="Coat of arms of Aruba">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Aruba" title="Constitution of Aruba">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Aruba" title="Elections in Aruba">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates of Aruba">Estates <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Aruba" title="Flag of Aruba">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Aruba" title="Governor of Aruba">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Aruba" title="Military of Aruba">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba_Police_Force" title="Aruba Police Force">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Aruba" title="List of political parties in Aruba">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Aruba" title="Economy of Aruba">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="List of airports in Aruba">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Aruba" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Aruba">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Aruba" title="Category:Companies of Aruba">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruban_florin" title="Aruban florin">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Aruba" title="Category:Mass media in Aruba">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Aruba" title="Telecommunications in Aruba">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Aruba" title="Transport in Aruba">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Aruba" title="Culture of Aruba">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Aruba" title="Demographics of Aruba">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Aruba" title="Festivals in Aruba">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aruban_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Aruban films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Aruba" title="Languages of Aruba">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Aruba">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Aruba_and_the_Netherlands_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aruban_people" title="Category:Aruban people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Aruba" title="Category:Society of Aruba">Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Aruba" title="Category:Sport in Aruba">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Aruba" title="Football in Aruba">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba_at_the_Olympics" title="Aruba at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Aruba at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aruban_sportspeople" title="Category:Aruban sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Aruba" title="Outline of Aruba">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Aruba-related_articles" title="Index of Aruba-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Further_reading">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aruba" title="Category:Aruba">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geographic_locale" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Geographic_locale" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Island_territories_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Island territories of the Netherlands Antilles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Island_territories_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Island_territories_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Island territories of the Netherlands Antilles">Island territories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aruba</a> (1951–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSS_islands" title="SSS islands">Windward Islands</a> (1951–1982)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles"><img alt="Netherlands Antilles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template talk:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_North_America" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">San Andrés and Providencia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Esparta" title="Nueva Esparta">Nueva Esparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 1.0em 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/120px-Location_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/180px-Location_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/240px-Location_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">St. Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_membership_and_history" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="International_membership_and_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International membership and history</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Template:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Template talk:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Secretariat of the Caribbean Community">Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community">Secretary-General</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Free_Trade_Association" title="Caribbean Free Trade Association">Caribbean Free Trade Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chaguaramas" title="Treaty of Chaguaramas">Treaty of Chaguaramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Single Market and Economy (CSME)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Flag of the Caribbean Community"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/68px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/102px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/136px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/32px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/48px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/64px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Caribbean portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Meteorological_Organisation" title="Caribbean Meteorological Organisation">Caribbean Meteorological Organisation (CMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fund_for_Commodities" title="Common Fund for Commodities">Common Fund for Commodities (CFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Court of Justice (CCJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Disaster_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency">Disaster Emergency Management (CDEMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Examinations_Council" title="Caribbean Examinations Council">Examinations Council (CXC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Institute_for_Meteorology_and_Hydrology" title="Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology">Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Public_Health_Agency" title="Caribbean Public Health Agency">Public Health Agency (CARPHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Single Market and Economy (CSME)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>1</sup> Member of the Community but not of the <a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">CARICOM Single Market and Economy</a> (CSME)</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British overseas territory</a> awaiting entrustment to join the CSME</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_colonial_empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_colonies" title="Template:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_colonies" title="Template talk:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dutch_colonial_empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch colonial empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company_(1602–1798)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (1602–1798)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorate General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Ambon" title="Governorate of Ambon">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_Banda_Islands" title="Governorate of the Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Celebes" title="Dutch Celebes">Celebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ceylon" title="Dutch Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands#Dutch" title="Maluku Islands">Moluccas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semarang#History" title="Semarang">Northeast coast of Java</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malabar" title="Dutch Malabar">Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">West coast of Sumatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Residency_(administrative_division)" title="Residency (administrative division)">Residencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cheribon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Malang" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Malang">Malang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parahyangan" title="Parahyangan">Preanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontianak, Indonesia">Pontianak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opperhoofd" title="Opperhoofd">Opperhoofd</a> settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Mauritius" title="Dutch Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom#Contacts_with_the_West" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Timor" title="West Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh%E2%80%93Nguy%E1%BB%85n_War" title="Trịnh–Nguyễn War">Vietnam (1637–1643)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company_(1621–1792)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> (1621–1792)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies in the Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_(Dutch_colony)" title="Cayenne (Dutch colony)">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroon_(colony)" title="Pomeroon (colony)">Pomeroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSS_islands" title="SSS islands">Sint Eustatius and Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading posts in Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Loango-Angola" title="Dutch Loango-Angola">Loango-Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia_(Dutch_West_India_Company)" title="Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)">Senegambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Slave_Coast" title="Dutch Slave Coast">Slave Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Berbice" title="Society of Berbice">Society of Berbice</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Suriname" title="Society of Suriname">Society of Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Settlements_of_the_Noordsche_Compagnie_(1614–1642)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements of the <a href="/wiki/Noordsche_Compagnie" title="Noordsche Compagnie">Noordsche Compagnie</a> (1614–1642)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Settlements" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smeerenburg" title="Smeerenburg">Smeerenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_(1815–1975)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (1815–1975)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1825</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1853</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1872</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1962</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Guinea" title="Dutch New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> <span class="wrap">Became <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">constituent countries</a> of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; <a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a> gained <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">full independence</a> in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21203#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21203#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21203#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151257487">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8jff73KDwVGc6VcBQMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079840-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063420">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Aruba (Závětrné Antily : ostrov)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge869213&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9prq2bw5mww8n7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564356105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ae8222dd-0b5b-3962-9671-30375b625ce9">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/7aec4d6e-dac1-457d-8650-e05258c01977">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/Txck5t7q">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044852">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aruba&params=12_30_N_69_58_W_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">69°58′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.500°N 69.967°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.500; -69.967</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aruba&oldid=1258568374">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aruba&oldid=1258568374</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aruba" title="Category:Aruba">Aruba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Island_countries" title="Category:Island countries">Island countries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:10th-century_establishments_in_Aruba" title="Category:10th-century establishments in Aruba">10th-century establishments in 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[\"CITEREFVespucci1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhiteTarneyKerrSaunders1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Cordoba1984\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Aruba topics\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 3,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 25,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Caribbean Community (CARICOM)\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite CIA World Factbook\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 75,\n [\"Climate chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 13,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Countries of North America\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"Dutch colonies\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 10056\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 10118\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 101484\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 10433\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 108166\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 11266\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 11518\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 11955\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 12.88\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 12024\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 12131\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 12326\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 12870\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 13735\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 13834\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 13976\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 14224\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 14318\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 14923\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 15236\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 16944\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 178.91\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 20.49\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 21495\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 23.19\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 24193\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 27.76\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 34.62\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 41.04\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 4235\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 4850\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 5304\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 5730\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 6189\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 66687\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 7273\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 8206\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum: 8779\"] = 1,\n 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