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<span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Public service</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_service-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public service subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_agenda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_agenda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Legislative agenda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_agenda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prohibition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prohibition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Prohibition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prohibition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sheppard–Towner_Maternity_and_Infancy_Protection_Act_of_1921" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sheppard–Towner_Maternity_and_Infancy_Protection_Act_of_1921"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sheppard–Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sheppard–Towner_Maternity_and_Infancy_Protection_Act_of_1921-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Credit_Union_Act_of_1934" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Credit_Union_Act_of_1934"> <div 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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="موریس شپرد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موریس شپرد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_Sheppard" title="Morris Sheppard – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Morris Sheppard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="موریس شپرد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موریس شپرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Morris Sheppard</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SHEPPARD,_MORRIS._SENATOR_LCCN2016862554_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS._SENATOR_LCCN2016862554_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS._SENATOR_LCCN2016862554_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS._SENATOR_LCCN2016862554_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS._SENATOR_LCCN2016862554_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS._SENATOR_LCCN2016862554_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS._SENATOR_LCCN2016862554_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="944" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Minority Whip</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Taylor_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Taylor Robinson">Joseph Taylor Robinson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Gerry" title="Peter G. Gerry">Peter G. Gerry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hebert" title="Felix Hebert">Felix Hebert</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 3, 1913 – April 9, 1941</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rienzi_Melville_Johnston" title="Rienzi Melville Johnston">Rienzi Johnston</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Houston" title="Andrew Jackson Houston">Andrew Houston</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 15, 1902 – February 3, 1913</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Levi_Sheppard" class="mw-redirect" title="John Levi Sheppard">John Levi Sheppard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Worth_Vaughan" class="mw-redirect" title="Horace Worth Vaughan">Horace Worth Vaughan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Texas04 !"><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span> (1902–03)<br /><span data-sort-value="Texas01 !"><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Texas's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span> (1903–13)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Morris Sheppard</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1875-05-28</span>)</span>May 28, 1875<br /><a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_Texas" title="Morris County, Texas">Morris County, Texas</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 9, 1941<span style="display:none">(1941-04-09)</span> (aged 65)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Lucille Sanderson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3 daughters</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Levi_Sheppard" class="mw-redirect" title="John Levi Sheppard">John Levi Sheppard</a><br />Margaret Alice Eddins</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack_III" title="Connie Mack III">Connie Mack III</a> (grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Arnold" title="Richard S. Arnold">Richard S. Arnold</a> (grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Morris_S._Arnold" title="Morris S. Arnold">Morris S. Arnold</a> (grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack_IV" title="Connie Mack IV">Connie Mack IV</a> (great-grandson)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas, Austin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">LLM</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Morris Sheppard</b> (May 28, 1875 – April 9, 1941) was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressman" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congressman">United States Congressman</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. He authored the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Eighteenth Amendment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a>) and introduced it in the Senate, and is referred to as "the father of national Prohibition."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sheppard was born in <a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_Texas" title="Morris County, Texas">Morris County</a> in east Texas, the oldest of seven children, to lawyer <a href="/wiki/John_Levi_Sheppard" class="mw-redirect" title="John Levi Sheppard">John Levi Sheppard</a>, later a judge and United States Representative; and his wife, the former Margaret Alice Eddins.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Morris_Sheppard_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Morris_Sheppard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through his mother Margaret, Morris Sheppard was a direct descendant of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a> (1734–1806) of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>, a financier who had signed the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence (United States)">Declaration of Independence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Morris_Sheppard_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Morris_Sheppard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sheppard received his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> in 1895, and an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LL.B.</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_School_of_Law" title="University of Texas School of Law">University of Texas School of Law</a> in 1897. While in law school Sheppard became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist Church</a>, and became friendly with two classmates, future Governor <a href="/wiki/Pat_Neff" class="mw-redirect" title="Pat Neff">Pat Neff</a>, and future U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Tom Connally</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Land,_the_Law,_and_the_Lord:_The_Life_of_Pat_Neff_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Land,_the_Law,_and_the_Lord:_The_Life_of_Pat_Neff-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1898, he received his <a href="/wiki/LL.M." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.M.">LL.M.</a> from <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Representing_Texas:_a_Comprehensive_History_of_U.S._and_Confederate_Senators_and_Representatives_from_Texas_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Representing_Texas:_a_Comprehensive_History_of_U.S._and_Confederate_Senators_and_Representatives_from_Texas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He began practicing law with his father in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburg,_Texas" title="Pittsburg, Texas">Pittsburg, Texas</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Texarkana" class="mw-redirect" title="Texarkana">Texarkana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_service">Public service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Public service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1902, Morris Sheppard was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> to replace his deceased father in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>. He held the seat until his resignation in 1913, when the <a href="/wiki/Texas_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas legislature">Texas legislature</a> elected him to the United States Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Morris_Sheppard_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Morris_Sheppard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914 and while holding the office of Senator, he was on the Central Committee of the First National Conference on Race Betterment, a conference on eugenics held at the Battle Creek Sanatorium.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as Democratic whip between 1929 and 1933. </p><p>In the 1928 presidential election, Texas voters abandoned the Democratic candidate, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_E._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred E. Smith">Alfred E. Smith</a>, Governor of New York and a Catholic, carrying the state for Republican <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> and contributing to his victory. In the summer of 1929, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady">First Lady</a> <a href="/wiki/Lou_Hoover" class="mw-redirect" title="Lou Hoover">Lou Hoover</a> arranged the traditional teas for wives of congressmen, inviting Jessie De Priest, wife of <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Stanton_De_Priest" title="Oscar Stanton De Priest">Oscar Stanton De Priest</a> of Chicago, the first African American elected to Congress in the 20th century. Senator Sheppard was among those who objected to this invitation, quoted as saying, "I regret the incident beyond measure. It is recognition of social equality between the white and black races and is fraught with infinite danger to our white civilization."<sup id="cite_ref-whitehouse_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitehouse-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheppard held his Senate seat until his death in Washington, D.C. in 1941. Then-Representative <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> ran for Sheppard's Senate seat in the 1941 <a href="/wiki/Special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Special election">special election</a>, and lost to Governor <a href="/wiki/W._Lee_O%27Daniel" title="W. Lee O'Daniel">W. Lee O'Daniel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_agenda">Legislative agenda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legislative agenda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Senator, Sheppard sponsored progressive reform legislation promoting rural credit programs, child labor laws, and antitrust laws. He was also an advocate of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">women's suffrage in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Morris_Sheppard_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Morris_Sheppard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But he supported the maintenance in Texas and the South of <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> in public facilities and the <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era">disenfranchisement of blacks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prohibition">Prohibition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prohibition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his tenure, Sheppard was a vocal supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a>. He helped write the <a href="/wiki/Webb%E2%80%93Kenyon_Act" title="Webb–Kenyon Act">Webb–Kenyon Act</a> (1913) to regulate the interstate shipment of <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverages</a>, authored the <a href="/wiki/Sheppard_Bone-Dry_Act" title="Sheppard Bone-Dry Act">Sheppard Bone-Dry Act</a> (1916) to impose prohibition on the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, introduced the Senate resolution for the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Eighteenth Amendment</a> establishing national prohibition, and helped write the <a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a> that provided for its enforcement. </p><p>However, during the Prohibition era, a <a href="/wiki/Still" title="Still">still</a> that produced 130 gallons of <a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">moonshine</a> per day was discovered on a Texas ranch that Sheppard owned.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a resolution calling for a <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-first Amendment</a> to repeal prohibition was introduced to the Senate by <a href="/wiki/John_J._Blaine" title="John J. Blaine">John J. Blaine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, Sheppard filibustered it for eight-and-a-half hours. He was not helped by a single "dry" senator and he relented, the motion passing by 63 votes to 23.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sheppard–Towner_Maternity_and_Infancy_Protection_Act_of_1921"><span id="Sheppard.E2.80.93Towner_Maternity_and_Infancy_Protection_Act_of_1921"></span>Sheppard–Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sheppard–Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Co-sponsored by Morris Sheppard and <a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann_Towner" class="mw-redirect" title="Horace Mann Towner">Horace Mann Towner</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sheppard%E2%80%93Towner_Act" title="Sheppard–Towner Act">Sheppard–Towner Act</a> of 1921 provided Federal matching funds for services aimed to reduce maternal and infant mortality. The funding included: midwife training; visiting nurses for pregnant women and new mothers; distribution of nutrition and hygiene information; health clinics, doctors and nurses, for pregnant women, mothers and children.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Credit_Union_Act_of_1934">Federal Credit Union Act of 1934</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Federal Credit Union Act of 1934"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Senator Morris Sheppard and <a href="/wiki/Wright_Patman" title="Wright Patman">Congressman Wright Patman</a> are considered the fathers of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Credit_Union_Act" title="Federal Credit Union Act">Federal Credit Union Act</a> of 1934. Sheppard was the act's author. The bill had stalled in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, considerably shortening the time the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> had to pass the final version. Rather than sending the bill to a conference committee, Sheppard asked the Senate to pass the bill unanimously without reading the bill or the amendments. The bill passed the Senate unanimously.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Morris Sheppard Credit Union in <a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana, Texas</a> carries the Senator's name, while the institution's local credit union chapter is named after Congressman Patman.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SHEPPARD,_MORRIS,_MRS._LCCN2016856911_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS%2C_MRS._LCCN2016856911_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS%2C_MRS._LCCN2016856911_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS%2C_MRS._LCCN2016856911_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS%2C_MRS._LCCN2016856911_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS%2C_MRS._LCCN2016856911_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-SHEPPARD%2C_MORRIS%2C_MRS._LCCN2016856911_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7478" data-file-height="9233" /></a><figcaption>Lucile Sanderson Sheppard, c. 1925</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 1, 1909, Sheppard married Lucile Sanderson. The couple had three daughters: Susan, Lucile, and Janet. Some of their descendants also became politicians. </p><p>Through their daughter Susan, Sheppard and his wife were the grandparents of <a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack_III" title="Connie Mack III">Connie Mack III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, and great-grandparents of <a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack_IV" title="Connie Mack IV">Connie Mack IV</a>, Republican U.S. Representative from Florida. Other Sheppard grandsons, through daughter Janet, were Democrat <a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Arnold" title="Richard S. Arnold">Richard Sheppard Arnold</a> (1936–2004) and Republican <a href="/wiki/Morris_S._Arnold" title="Morris S. Arnold">Morris Sheppard "Buzz" Arnold</a> (born 1941), judges at different times on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Arkansas" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas">United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas</a>, and later concurrently on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit</a>, the only brothers to serve concurrently on a U.S. federal court of appeals. The federal courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a> is named in Judge Richard Arnold's honor. Judge Morris Arnold, a Republican, remains on the Eighth Circuit court under senior status. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sheppard died in office of a brain hemorrhage on April 9, 1941. He is interred at Hillcrest Cemetery in Texarkana, Texas. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Houston" title="Andrew Jackson Houston">Andrew Jackson Houston</a> was appointed senator in his place until a special election could be held. </p><p>The year following Sheppard's death, his widow Lucile Sanderson Sheppard married <a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Tom Connally</a>, also a <a href="/wiki/United_States_senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States senator">United States senator</a> from Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-Representing_Texas:_a_Comprehensive_History_of_U.S._and_Confederate_Senators_and_Representatives_from_Texas_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Representing_Texas:_a_Comprehensive_History_of_U.S._and_Confederate_Senators_and_Representatives_from_Texas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator Connally also pre-deceased Lucile. When she died in 1980, she was buried with her first husband Morris Sheppard in Hillcrest Cemetery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sheppard_Air_Force_Base" title="Sheppard Air Force Base">Sheppard Air Force Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls, Texas</a> was named in his honor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fraternal_memberships">Fraternal memberships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fraternal memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Pythias" title="Knights of Pythias">Knights of Pythias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Fellows" title="Odd Fellows">Odd Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodmen_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodmen of the World">Woodmen of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_Order_of_Red_Men" title="Improved Order of Red Men">Improved Order of Red Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benevolent_and_Protective_Order_of_Elks" title="Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks">Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Order" title="Kappa Alpha Order">Kappa Alpha Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Phi Beta Kappa Society">Phi Beta Kappa Society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1900%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)">List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">List of United States senators from Texas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown1984" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Norman D. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1LV8z4R_6_wC&pg=PA226"><i>Hood, bonnet, and little brown jug: Texas politics, 1921–1928</i></a>. Texas A&M University Press. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89096-157-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89096-157-3"><bdi>0-89096-157-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hood%2C+bonnet%2C+and+little+brown+jug%3A+Texas+politics%2C+1921%E2%80%931928&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-89096-157-3&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Norman+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1LV8z4R_6_wC%26pg%3DPA226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Sheppard" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Morris_Sheppard-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-John_Morris_Sheppard_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Morris_Sheppard_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Morris_Sheppard_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Morris_Sheppard_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Bailey, Richard: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fsh24">John Morris Sheppard</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online</i>.  Retrieved 17 July 2010. Texas State Historical Association</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Land,_the_Law,_and_the_Lord:_The_Life_of_Pat_Neff-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Land,_the_Law,_and_the_Lord:_The_Life_of_Pat_Neff_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlodgett2007" class="citation book cs1">Blodgett, Dorothy, Terrell Blodgett, and David L. Scott (2007). <i>The Land, the Law, and the Lord: The Life of Pat Neff</i>. Home Place Publishers Publishing. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9761152-2-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9761152-2-9"><bdi>978-0-9761152-2-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Land%2C+the+Law%2C+and+the+Lord%3A+The+Life+of+Pat+Neff&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Home+Place+Publishers+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-9761152-2-9&rft.aulast=Blodgett&rft.aufirst=Dorothy%2C+Terrell+Blodgett%2C+and+David+L.+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Sheppard" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Representing_Texas:_a_Comprehensive_History_of_U.S._and_Confederate_Senators_and_Representatives_from_Texas-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Representing_Texas:_a_Comprehensive_History_of_U.S._and_Confederate_Senators_and_Representatives_from_Texas_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Representing_Texas:_a_Comprehensive_History_of_U.S._and_Confederate_Senators_and_Representatives_from_Texas_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuttery2008" class="citation book cs1">Guttery, Ben (2008). <i>Representing Texas: a Comprehensive History of U.S. and Confederate Senators and Representatives from Texas</i>. BookSurge Publishing. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4196-7884-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4196-7884-4"><bdi>978-1-4196-7884-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Representing+Texas%3A+a+Comprehensive+History+of+U.S.+and+Confederate+Senators+and+Representatives+from+Texas&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=BookSurge+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4196-7884-4&rft.aulast=Guttery&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Sheppard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsoffir14nati/page/n15/mode/1up?ref=ol&view=theater">"Proceedings of the first National Conference on Race Betterment, January 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1914. Battle Creek, Michigan"</a>. [Battle Creek, Mich., Gage Printing Company. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+first+National+Conference+on+Race+Betterment%2C+January+8%2C+9%2C+10%2C+11%2C+12%2C+1914.+Battle+Creek%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=%5BBattle+Creek%2C+Mich.%2C+Gage+Printing+Company&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fproceedingsoffir14nati%2Fpage%2Fn15%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fref%3Dol%26view%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Sheppard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whitehouse-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whitehouse_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/photo-3-46">Special Dispatch to <i>The New York World</i> and <i>The Sun,</i> "Recognition of Representative De Priest by Hoovers Is Causing Stir in Washington"</a>, Springfield, Ohio, 17 June 1929</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a>'s documentary series <i><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_(miniseries)" title="Prohibition (miniseries)">Prohibition</a></i>, episode 2 ("A Nation of Scofflaws"), circa 1:16:00.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From Ken Burns's documentary series <i>Prohibition</i>, episode 3 ("A Nation of Hypocrites"), circa 1:30:00.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122220204/http://womenshistory.about.com/od/laws/a/sheppard-towner.htm">"Sheppard-Towner Maternity And Infancy Protection Act – 42 Stat. 224 (1921)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://womenshistory.about.com/od/laws/a/sheppard-towner.htm">the original</a> on 22 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sheppard-Towner+Maternity+And+Infancy+Protection+Act+%E2%80%93+42+Stat.+224+%281921%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwomenshistory.about.com%2Fod%2Flaws%2Fa%2Fsheppard-towner.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Sheppard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Federal CU Act Passes: 1934". <i>Credit Union Magazine</i> (18 Nov 2008). Credit Union National Association Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Credit+Union+Magazine&rft.atitle=Federal+CU+Act+Passes%3A+1934&rft.issue=18+Nov+2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Sheppard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morrissheppardfcu.org/?page_id=2">"History-Morris Sheppard Texarkana Federal Credit"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History-Morris+Sheppard+Texarkana+Federal+Credit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmorrissheppardfcu.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Sheppard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Sheppard&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Morris_Sheppard" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Morris Sheppard">Morris Sheppard</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressS000337" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000337">"Morris Sheppard (id: S000337)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Morris+Sheppard+%28id%3A+S000337%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DS000337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Sheppard" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Levi_Sheppard" class="mw-redirect" title="John Levi Sheppard">John Levi Sheppard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Texas">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 4th congressional district">Texas's 4th congressional district</a> </b><br />1902–1903 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Choice_B._Randell" title="Choice B. Randell">Choice B. Randell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Henry Ball">Thomas Ball</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Texas">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Texas's 1st congressional district">Texas's 1st congressional district</a> </b><br />1903–1913 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Worth_Vaughan" class="mw-redirect" title="Horace Worth Vaughan">Horace Worth Vaughan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bartholdt" title="Richard Bartholdt">Richard Bartholdt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the House Public Buildings Committee </b><br />1911–1913 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Clark_(politician)" title="Frank Clark (politician)">Frank Clark</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rienzi_Melville_Johnston" title="Rienzi Melville Johnston">Rienzi Johnston</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Texas">U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Texas</a> </b><br />1913–1941 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Culberson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Allen Culberson">Charles Allen Culberson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earle_B._Mayfield" title="Earle B. Mayfield">Earle B. Mayfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Tom Connally</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Houston" title="Andrew Jackson Houston">Andrew Houston</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Lippitt" title="Henry F. Lippitt">Henry F. Lippitt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the Senate Agriculture Department Expenditures Committee </b><br />1913–1917 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Kirby" title="William F. Kirby">William F. Kirby</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chilton" title="William E. Chilton">William E. Chilton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Census" title="United States Senate Committee on the Census">Senate Census Committee</a> </b><br />1916–1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Sutherland" title="Howard Sutherland">Howard Sutherland</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_S._Johnson" title="Edwin S. Johnson">Edwin S. Johnson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the Senate Revolutionary Claims Committee </b><br />1919–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Position established </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Gerry" title="Peter G. Gerry">Peter G. Gerry</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Minority Whip</a> </b><br />1929–1933 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hebert" title="Felix Hebert">Felix Hebert</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_A._Reed" title="David A. Reed">David A. Reed</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Military Affairs Committee</a> </b><br />1933–1941 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rice_Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Rice Reynolds">Robert Rice Reynolds</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>First</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 2</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1918_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="1918 United States Senate election in Texas">1918</a>, <a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="1924 United States Senate election in Texas">1924</a>, <a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="1930 United States Senate election in Texas">1930</a>, <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="1936 United States Senate election in Texas">1936</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/W._Lee_O%27Daniel" title="W. Lee O'Daniel">W. Lee O'Daniel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Gerry" title="Peter G. Gerry">Peter G. Gerry</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Democratic Whip</a> </b><br />1929–1933 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">J. Hamilton Lewis</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Template:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Template talk:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">United States senators from Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Pinckney_Henderson" title="J. Pinckney Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Ward" title="Matthias Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Wigfall" title="Louis Wigfall">Wigfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Flanagan" title="J. W. Flanagan">Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Reagan" title="John H. Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_B._Mayfield" title="Earle B. Mayfield">Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_Daniel" title="Price Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Blakley" title="William A. Blakley">Blakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Yarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Krueger" title="Bob Krueger">Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">S. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hemphill_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hemphill (U.S. senator)">Hemphill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_C._Hamilton" title="Morgan C. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coke" title="Richard Coke">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Bailey" title="Joseph W. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rienzi_Melville_Johnston" title="Rienzi Melville Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Houston" title="Andrew Jackson Houston">A. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Lee_O%27Daniel" title="W. Lee O'Daniel">O'Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Blakley" title="William A. Blakley">Blakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Gramm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">Cornyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Senate_minority_whips" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_minority_whips" title="Template:US Senate minority whips"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_minority_whips" title="Template talk:US Senate minority whips"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_minority_whips" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate minority whips"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Senate_minority_whips" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant party leaders of the United States Senate">United States Senate minority whips</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth_Jr." title="James W. Wadsworth Jr.">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Gerry" title="Peter G. Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hebert" title="Felix Hebert">Hebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_S._Wherry" title="Kenneth S. Wherry">Wherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuchel" title="Thomas Kuchel">Kuchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Griffin" title="Robert P. Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Simpson_(American_politician)" title="Alan Simpson (American politician)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Ford" title="Wendell Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Nickles" title="Don Nickles">Nickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Nickles" title="Don Nickles">Nickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Lott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kyl" title="Jon Kyl">Kyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">Cornyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party_whips_in_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Democratic_whips" title="Template:US Senate Democratic whips"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Democratic_whips" title="Template talk:US Senate Democratic whips"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Democratic_whips" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Democratic whips"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party_whips_in_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Democratic Party whips in the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Gerry" title="Peter G. Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton" title="Sherman Minton">Minton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lister_Hill" title="J. Lister Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_J._Myers" title="Francis J. Myers">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_C._Clements" class="mw-redirect" title="Earle C. Clements">Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Ford" title="Wendell Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">United States Senate Committee on Armed Services</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military Affairs Committee <br /> (1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Williams (Tennessee politician)">J. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Williams (Tennessee politician)">J. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Preston" title="William C. Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shields_(politician,_born_1806)" title="James Shields (politician, born 1806)">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Weller" title="John B. Weller">Weller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ward_Johnson" title="Robert Ward Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Spencer" title="George E. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_F._Randolph" title="Theodore F. Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Sewell" title="William J. Sewell">Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Walthall" title="Edward C. Walthall">Walthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._du_Pont" title="Henry A. du Pont">du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Johnston" title="Joseph F. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Chamberlain" title="George E. Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth_Jr." title="James W. Wadsworth Jr.">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Reed" title="David A. Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Reynolds" title="Robert R. Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_D._Thomas" title="Elbert D. Thomas">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval Affairs Committee <br /> (1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tait_(politician)" title="Charles Tait (politician)">Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pleasants" title="James Pleasants">Pleasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Y._Hayne" title="Robert Y. Hayne">Hayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Southard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cabell_Rives" title="William Cabell Rives">Rives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuel_Williams" title="Reuel Williams">R. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Bayard" title="Richard H. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fairfield" title="John Fairfield">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_Yulee" title="David Levy Yulee">Yulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Gwin" title="William M. Gwin">Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory" title="Stephen Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">J. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Grimes" title="James W. Grimes">Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_H._Cragin" title="Aaron H. Cragin">Cragin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_A._Sargent" title="Aaron A. Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._McPherson" title="John R. McPherson">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._McPherson" title="John R. McPherson">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">E. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Perkins" title="George C. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman" title="Benjamin Tillman">Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Swanson" title="Claude A. Swanson">Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_S._Page" title="Carroll S. Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hale_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Hale (U.S. senator)">F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Trammell" title="Park Trammell">Trammell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armed Services Committee <br />(1947–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Gurney" title="Chan Gurney">Gurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Tydings" title="Millard Tydings">Tydings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Inhofe" title="Jim Inhofe">Inhofe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">Reed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Transportation_and_Infrastructure" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Transportation_and_Infrastructure_chairs" title="Template:US House Transportation and Infrastructure chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Transportation_and_Infrastructure_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Transportation and Infrastructure chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Transportation_and_Infrastructure_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Transportation and Infrastructure chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Transportation_and_Infrastructure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Transportation_and_Infrastructure" title="United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure">Chairs of the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Buildings and Grounds <br /> (1837–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Towns" title="George W. Towns">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Petrikin" title="David Petrikin">Petrikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_Boardman" class="mw-redirect" title="William Whiting Boardman">Boardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadock_Pratt" title="Zadock Pratt">Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_B._Ficklin" title="Orlando B. Ficklin">Ficklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Faran" title="James J. Faran">Faran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Houston" title="John W. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Welsh_Bowdon" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Welsh Bowdon">Bowdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Stanton" title="Richard H. Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Burton_Craige" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Burton Craige">Craige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ball_(congressman)" title="Edward Ball (congressman)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_M._Keitt" title="Laurence M. Keitt">Keitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Train" title="Charles R. Train">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Rice" title="John H. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Covode" title="John Covode">Covode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hopkins" title="Benjamin F. Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beatty_(Ohio_banker)" title="John Beatty (Ohio banker)">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Halsey" title="George A. Halsey">Halsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Platt_Jr." title="James H. Platt Jr.">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Cook_(general)" title="Philip Cook (general)">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shadrack_Shallenberger" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shadrack Shallenberger">Shallenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strother_M._Stockslager" title="Strother M. Stockslager">Stockslager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dibble" title="Samuel Dibble">Dibble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_L._Milliken" title="Seth L. Milliken">Milliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Bankhead" title="John H. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_L._Milliken" title="Seth L. Milliken">Milliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Henry_Mercer" title="David Henry Mercer">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Gillet" title="Charles W. Gillet">Gillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bartholdt" title="Richard Bartholdt">Bartholdt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Clark_(politician)" title="Frank Clark (politician)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Langley" title="John W. Langley">Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Elliott" title="Richard N. Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_G._Lanham" title="Fritz G. Lanham">Lanham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers and Harbors <br /> (1883–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Willis" title="Albert S. Willis">Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_C._Blanchard" title="Newton C. Blanchard">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Henderson_(politician)" title="Thomas J. Henderson (politician)">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_C._Blanchard" title="Newton C. Blanchard">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Catchings" title="Thomas C. Catchings">Catchings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_B._Hooker" title="Warren B. Hooker">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_E._Burton" title="Theodore E. Burton">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Alva_S._Alexander" title="De Alva S. Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Sparkman" title="Stephen M. Sparkman">Sparkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Humphrey_Small" title="John Humphrey Small">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Kennedy" title="Charles A. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Wallace_Dempsey" title="S. Wallace Dempsey">Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Mansfield" title="Joseph J. Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads <br /> (1913–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsey_W._Shackleford" title="Dorsey W. Shackleford">Shackleford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Dunn" title="Thomas B. Dunn">Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassius_C._Dowell" title="Cassius C. Dowell">Dowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Almon" title="Edward B. Almon">Almon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilburn_Cartwright" title="Wilburn Cartwright">Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Robinson" title="J. W. Robinson">Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flood Control <br /> (1916–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_G._Humphreys_II" title="Benjamin G. Humphreys II">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rodenberg" title="William A. Rodenberg">Rodenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Schall" title="Thomas D. Schall">Schall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Reid" title="Frank R. Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_J._Wilson" title="Riley J. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Madison_Whittington" title="William Madison Whittington">Whittington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation and Infrastructure* <br /> (1947–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Anthony_Dondero" title="George Anthony Dondero">Dondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Madison_Whittington" title="William Madison Whittington">Whittington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Buckley" title="Charles A. Buckley">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Anthony_Dondero" title="George Anthony Dondero">Dondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Buckley" title="Charles A. Buckley">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hyde_Fallon" title="George Hyde Fallon">Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">Blatnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Jones_Jr." title="Robert E. Jones Jr.">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_T._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold T. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Howard" title="James J. Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_M._Anderson" title="Glenn M. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Roe" title="Robert A. Roe">Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mineta" title="Norman Mineta">Mineta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Shuster" title="Bud Shuster">E. Shuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Oberstar" title="Jim Oberstar">Oberstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mica" title="John Mica">Mica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shuster" title="Bill Shuster">W. Shuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_DeFazio" title="Peter DeFazio">DeFazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Graves" title="Sam Graves">Graves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Note</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><sup>*</sup> Alternately named <b>Public Works</b> in 80th through 93rd Congresses and <b>Public Works and Transportation</b> in 94th through 103rd Congresses.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1708585#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1708585#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1708585#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000037797579">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/23937267">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/438102/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvhrJQ6RkMfbpFWHmmcfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n99830339">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb104169391">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb104169391">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007359930805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000337">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/16636955">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zw1ntg">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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