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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Výzkum_v_Cambridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Výzkum v Cambridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Výzkum_v_Cambridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vývoj_atomové_bomby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vývoj_atomové_bomby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vývoj atomové bomby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vývoj_atomové_bomby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Návrat_do_Cambridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Návrat_do_Cambridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Návrat do Cambridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Návrat_do_Cambridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James Chadwick</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 94 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جيمس تشادويك – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس تشادويك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="جيمس تشادويك (عالم نووى من المملكه المتحده) – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس تشادويك (عالم نووى من المملكه المتحده)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="जेम्स चैडविक – awadhština" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जेम्स चैडविक" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceyms_%C3%87advik" title="Ceyms Çadvik – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ceyms Çadvik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جیمز چادویک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمز چادویک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – balijština" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Джэймс Чэдвік – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэймс Чэдвік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B7_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%9E%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Джэймз Чадўік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джэймз Чадўік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Джеймс Чадуик – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеймс Чадуик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95" title="জেমস চ্যাডউইক – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেমস চ্যাডউইক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%86%DB%95%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جەیمز چەدویک – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەیمز چەدویک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Τζέιμς Τσάντγουικ – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζέιμς Τσάντγουικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="nejlepší článek"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%86%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جیمز چدویک – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز چدویک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%85%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95" title="જેમ્સ ચૅડવિક – gudžarátština" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જેમ્સ ચૅડવિક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A6%27%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ג'יימס צ'דוויק – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס צ'דוויק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="जेम्स चैडविक – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जेम्स चैडविक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%89%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Ջեյմս Չադվիկ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյմս Չադվիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – ilokánština" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ジェームズ・チャドウィック – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・チャドウィック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ჯეიმზ ჩედვიკი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯეიმზ ჩედვიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Джеймс Чедвик – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джеймс Чедвик" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B1%84%EB%93%9C%EC%9C%85" title="제임스 채드윅 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제임스 채드윅" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Chadwick" title="Iacobus Chadwick – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimss_%C4%8Cedviks" title="Džeimss Čedviks – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeimss Čedviks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Џејмс Чедвик – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џејмс Чедвик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ജെയിംസ് ചാഡ്വിക്ക് – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെയിംസ് ചാഡ്വിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="जेम्स चॅडविक – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जेम्स चॅडविक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جیمز چادویک – mázandaránština" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جیمز چادویک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="जेम्स् च्याडविक – névárština" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जेम्स् च्याडविक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="névárština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95" title="ਜੇਮਸ ਚੈਡਵਿਕ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇਮਸ ਚੈਡਵਿਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%DA%A9" title="جیمز چیڈوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیمز چیڈوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – kečuánština" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Чедвик, Джеймс – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чедвик, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="जेम्स् चाडविक – sanskrt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जेम्स् चाडविक" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="ජේම්ස් චැඩ්වික් – sinhálština" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජේම්ස් චැඩ්වික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Џејмс Чедвик – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џејмс Чедвик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – sundština" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜேம்ஸ் சாட்விக் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜேம்ஸ் சாட்விக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="జేమ్స్ చాడ్విక్ – telugština" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జేమ్స్ చాడ్విక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A7%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Җеймс Чәдвик – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җеймс Чәдвик" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Джеймс Чедвік – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Чедвік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%DA%A9" title="جیمز چیڈوک – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیمز چیڈوک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B" title="詹姆斯·查德威克 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="詹姆斯·查德威克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ჯეიმზ ჩედვიკი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯეიმზ ჩედვიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – jorubština" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článek"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B" title="詹姆斯·查德威克 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詹姆斯·查德威克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="James Chadwick" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%A3%AB%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%9F%9F" title="占士·查域 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="占士·查域" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80884#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:James_Chadwick&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/James_Chadwick" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/James_Chadwick" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&oldid=24165175" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=James_Chadwick&id=24165175&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJames_Chadwick"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJames_Chadwick"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=James+Chadwick"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=James_Chadwick&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Chadwick" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80884" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">James Chadwick</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:James_Chadwick.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Chadwick"><img alt="James Chadwick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/James_Chadwick.jpg/225px-James_Chadwick.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/James_Chadwick.jpg/338px-James_Chadwick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/James_Chadwick.jpg/450px-James_Chadwick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span><div><span class="wd"><span lang="cs">James Chadwick</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Narození</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/20._%C5%99%C3%ADjen" title="20. říjen">20. října</a> <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bollington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bollington (stránka neexistuje)">Bollington</a>, hrabství <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglie" title="Anglie">Anglie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Úmrtí</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/24._%C4%8Dervenec" title="24. červenec">24. července</a> <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> (ve věku 82 let)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, hrabství <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglie" title="Anglie">Anglie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Manchestersk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Manchesterská univerzita">Manchesterská univerzita</a> (od 1908)<br /><a href="/wiki/Univerzita_v_Cambridgi" title="Univerzita v Cambridgi">Univerzita v Cambridgi</a> (od 1919)<br />Gonville and Caius College<br />Viktoriina univerzita v Manchesteru</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Povolání</th><td class="role"><span class="wd">jaderný fyzik, <a href="/wiki/Vysoko%C5%A1kolsk%C3%BD_u%C4%8Ditel" title="Vysokoškolský učitel">vysokoškolský učitel</a> a <a href="/wiki/Fyzik" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyzik">fyzik</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Zaměstnavatelé</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Manchestersk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Manchesterská univerzita">Manchesterská univerzita</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpoolská univerzita</a><br />Viktoriina univerzita v Manchesteru</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Ocenění</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clen_Kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A9_spole%C4%8Dnosti" title="Člen Královské společnosti">člen Královské společnosti</a> (1927)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hughesova_medaile" title="Hughesova medaile">Hughesova medaile</a> (1932)<br /><span lang="en">Bakerian Lecture</span> (1933)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziku" title="Nobelova cena za fyziku">Nobelova cena za fyziku</a> (1935)<br />Knight Bachelor (1945)<br />… více na <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80884#P166" class="extiw" title="d:Q80884">Wikidatech</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Choť</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">Aileen Stewart-Brown</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Funkce</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge</span> (1948–1958)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Logo Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Chadwick" class="extiw" title="c:Category:James Chadwick">multimediální obsah</a></b> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller; white-space: nowrap;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80884" class="extiw" title="d:Q80884">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sir <b>James Chadwick</b> (<a href="/wiki/20._%C5%99%C3%ADjen" title="20. říjen">20. října</a> <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a> – <a href="/wiki/24._%C4%8Dervenec" title="24. červenec">24. července</a> <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>) byl <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Spojené království">britský</a> <a href="/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika">fyzik</a>. V roce <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> obdržel <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziku" title="Nobelova cena za fyziku">Nobelovu cenu za fyziku</a> za objev <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Život_a_vzdělání"><span id=".C5.BDivot_a_vzd.C4.9Bl.C3.A1n.C3.AD"></span>Život a vzdělání</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Život a vzdělání" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Život a vzdělání"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James Chadwick se narodil 20. října 1891 v <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bollington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bollington (stránka neexistuje)">Bollingtonu</a> v hrabství Cheshire v <a href="/wiki/Anglie" title="Anglie">Anglii</a> jako syn Johna Josepha Chadwicka a Anne Mary Knowles. Navštěvoval střední školu v Manchesteru a později studoval na univerzitě v <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchesteru</a> a <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. V roce 1913 odešel do <a href="/wiki/N%C4%9Bmecko" title="Německo">Německa</a>, kde pracoval s <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Wilhelm_Geiger" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Wilhelm Geiger">Hansem Geigerem</a> na Technické univerzitě v Berlíně. V Německu byl až do konce <a href="/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="První světová válka">1. světové války</a> internován. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Výzkum_v_Cambridge"><span id="V.C3.BDzkum_v_Cambridge"></span>Výzkum v Cambridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Výzkum v Cambridge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Výzkum v Cambridge"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Po válce se Chadwick vrátil do Cambridge, kde pracoval v Cavendishových laboratořích s <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernestem Rutherfordem</a> na výzkumu vyzařování <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD_gama" title="Záření gama">gama záření</a> z radioaktivních materiálů. Studovali též transmutaci prvků při ostřelování <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%A1stice_alfa" title="Částice alfa">částicemi alfa</a> a podstatu jader atomů. V roce 1932 při ostřelování jader <a href="/wiki/Berylium" class="mw-redirect" title="Berylium">berylia</a> alfa částicemi objevil částici v jádře, která byla nazvána <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>, protože neměla <a href="/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_n%C3%A1boj" title="Elektrický náboj">elektrický náboj</a>. Na rozdíl od <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">heliových</a> jader (alfa částic), které mají kladný náboj a jsou proto odpuzovány elektrickými silami v okolí jádra, tato nová částice procházela touto elektrickou bariérou bez potíží. Chadwick tak připravil cestu pro štěpení jader a vznik atomové bomby. Za tento důležitý objev mu byla v roce 1932 udělena <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes Medal">Hughes Medal</a> <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A1_spole%C4%8Dnost" title="Královská společnost">Královské společnosti</a> a následně v roce 1935 <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziku" title="Nobelova cena za fyziku">Nobelova cena za fyziku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Později vyšlo najevo, že němečtí vědci objevili neutron ve stejnou dobu. Ale objevitel <a href="/wiki/Hans_Falkenhagen" title="Hans Falkenhagen">Hans Falkenhagen</a> se obával zveřejnění svých výzkumů. Když se Chadwick dozvěděl o Falkenhagenovu objevu, nabídl mu, že se o Nobelovu cenu podělí. Falkenhagen ale skromně odmítl. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Solvay1933Large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Solvay1933Large.jpg/300px-Solvay1933Large.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Solvay1933Large.jpg/450px-Solvay1933Large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Solvay1933Large.jpg/600px-Solvay1933Large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="2475" /></a><figcaption>Chadwick na Solvayově konferenci 1933, první zprava spodní řada</figcaption></figure> <p>Chadwickův objev umožnil tvorbu prvků těžších než <a href="/wiki/Uran_(prvek)" title="Uran (prvek)">uran</a>. Jeho objev částečně inspiroval <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrica Fermiho</a> k objevu jaderné reakce způsobené pomalými neutrony a přivedl <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahna</a> a <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Strassmann" title="Fritz Strassmann">Fritze Strassmanna</a> k objevu <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0t%C4%9Bpn%C3%A1_jadern%C3%A1_reakce" title="Štěpná jaderná reakce">jaderného štěpení</a>, který spustil vývoj atomové bomby. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vývoj_atomové_bomby"><span id="V.C3.BDvoj_atomov.C3.A9_bomby"></span>Vývoj atomové bomby</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Vývoj atomové bomby" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vývoj atomové bomby"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V roce 1935 se Chadwick stal profesorem fyziky na <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpoolské</a> univerzitě. V roce 1940 následkem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frisch-Peiersovo_memorandum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frisch-Peiersovo memorandum (stránka neexistuje)">Frisch-Peiersova memoranda</a> o provedení atomové bomby byl jmenován do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komise_MAUD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komise MAUD (stránka neexistuje)">komise MAUD</a>, která zkoumala možnosti vytvoření atomové bomby. Jako člen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tizardova_komise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tizardova komise (stránka neexistuje)">Tizardovy komise</a> navštívil v roce 1940 Severní Ameriku. Po návratu do Anglie v listopadu 1940, došel k závěru, že nic z tohoto výzkumu by nemělo být publikováno před skončením války. V prosinci 1940 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Simon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Simon (stránka neexistuje)">Franz Simon</a> dokončil svou práci, na žádost komise MAUD, o dělení izotopů se závěrem, že je uskutečnitelná. Jeho práce obsahovala odhad nákladů a technické návody pro uranové obohacovací zařízení. James Chadwick později napsal, že si tehdy „uvědomil, že nukleární bomba není nejen možná, ale nevyhnutelná.“ Krátce poté se Chadwick zúčastnil <a href="/wiki/Projekt_Manhattan" title="Projekt Manhattan">projektu Manhattan</a> v USA, který vyvinul atomové bomby svržené na <a href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%A1ima" title="Hirošima">Hirošimu</a> a <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>. Za svoje služby byl Chadwick v roce 1945 pasován na rytíře. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Návrat_do_Cambridge"><span id="N.C3.A1vrat_do_Cambridge"></span>Návrat do Cambridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Návrat do Cambridge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Návrat do Cambridge"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Po skončení války se Chadwick vrátil do Liverpoolu a zúčastnil se budování britského jaderného programu. Mimo to vybudoval <a href="/wiki/Synchrotron" title="Synchrotron">synchrotron</a> na tamější univerzitě a měl velkou účast na britském rozhodnutí k účasti při vybudování centra evropského jaderného výzkumu <a href="/wiki/Evropsk%C3%A1_organizace_pro_jadern%C3%BD_v%C3%BDzkum" title="Evropská organizace pro jaderný výzkum">CERNu</a>. Od roku 1948 byl Chadwick jmenován ředitelem kolejí Gonville a Caius university v Cambridge. V roce 1958 se stáhl z universitního života a žil několik let v Liverpoolu, než se v roce 1969 v usadil Cambridge, kde 24. června 1974 ve věku 84 let zemřel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2024-04-03]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/summary/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1935%2Fsummary%2F&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1935"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lubomír Sodomka, Magdalena Sodomková, Nobelovy ceny za fyziku, Praha : SET OUT, 1997. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-902058-5-2" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-902058-5-2"><span class="ISBN">80-902058-5-2</span></a></span></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick">Anglická verze na Wikipedii</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Chadwick" class="extiw" title="c:Category:James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228083654/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Chadwick-1932/Chadwick-neutron.html">Chadwick's article in Nature (May 10, 1932: „The Existence of a Neutron“)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051230202301/http://www.physik.uni-muenchen.de/leifiphysik/web_ph12/originalarbeiten/chadwick/chadwick_neutr.htm">Another letter (3 months earlier) from Chadwick to Nature</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190217162350/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FChadwick%2C+James">Annotated bibliography for Chadwick from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1935/chadwick-bio.html">Nobel prize Website entry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140527213741/http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD/GBR/0014/CHAD">Description of Chadwick papers held by Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge</a></li></ul> <table class="plainlinks metadata noprint pahyl" cellpadding="2" style="background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pahýl"><img alt="Pahýl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a><figcaption>Pahýl</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><i>Tento článek je příliš stručný nebo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pah%C3%BDl" title="Wikipedie:Pahýl">postrádá důležité informace</a>.<br />Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně <a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Chadwick&action=edit">rozšíříte</a>. Nevkládejte však <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo#Publikování_cizích_autorských_děl" title="Wikipedie:Autorské právo">bez oprávnění</a> cizí texty.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Projekt Manhattan"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Projekt_Manhattan" title="Projekt Manhattan">Projekt Manhattan</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Celkový přehled</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Projekt_Manhattan" title="Projekt Manhattan">Projekt Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Casov%C3%A1_osa_projektu_Manhattan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Časová osa projektu Manhattan (stránka neexistuje)">Časová osa projektu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomov%C3%A9_bombardov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Hiro%C5%A1imy_a_Nagasaki" title="Atomové bombardování Hirošimy a Nagasaki">Bombardování Hirošimy a Nagasaki</a></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Klíčová místa (zařízení)</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Site" title="Hanford Site">W = Hanford</a> <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_B" title="Reaktor B">(Reaktor B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_(Tennessee)" title="Oak Ridge (Tennessee)">X = Oak Ridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grafitov%C3%BD_reaktor_X-10" title="Grafitový reaktor X-10">Reaktor X-10</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplex_Y-12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplex Y-12 (stránka neexistuje)">Y-12</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplex_K-25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplex K-25 (stránka neexistuje)">K-25</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplex_S-50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplex S-50 (stránka neexistuje)">S-50</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_laborato%C5%99e_Oak_Ridge" title="Národní laboratoře Oak Ridge">ORNL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos" title="Los Alamos">Y = Los Alamos</a> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_laborato%C5%99_Los_Alamos" title="Národní laboratoř Los Alamos">LANL</a>)</li> <li>Chicago (<a href="/wiki/Metalurgick%C3%A1_laborato%C5%99" title="Metalurgická laboratoř">Met Lab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">Pile-1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_(jadern%C3%BD_test)" title="Trinity (jaderný test)">Trinity</a></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Klíčové osoby</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li>Vědci: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer" title="Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Bradbury" title="Norris Bradbury">Norris Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3_Szil%C3%A1rd" title="Leó Szilárd">Leó Szilárd</a>...</li> <li>Vojáci/vládní činitelé: <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Groves" title="Leslie Groves">Leslie Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterling_Parsons" title="William Sterling Parsons">Deak Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Strauss" title="Lewis Strauss">Lewis Strauss</a></li> <li>Fotografové/ostatní: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Aeby" title="Jack Aeby">Jack Aeby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlyn_Brixner" title="Berlyn Brixner">Berlyn Brixner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Westcott" title="Ed Westcott">Ed Westcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:%C3%9A%C4%8Dastn%C3%ADci_projektu_Manhattan" title="Kategorie:Účastníci projektu Manhattan">Další osoby...</a></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Bomby (Letadla)</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gadget" title="The gadget">The gadget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Boy" title="Little Boy">Little Boy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enola_Gay" title="Enola Gay">Enola Gay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_Man" title="Fat Man">Fat Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bockscar" title="Bockscar">Bockscar</a>)</li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Muzea/památky</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project_National_Historical_Park" title="Manhattan Project National Historical Park">Manhattan Project National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradbury_Science_Museum" title="Bradbury Science Museum">Bradbury Science Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Science_and_Energy" title="American Museum of Science and Energy">AMSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Nuclear_Science_%26_History" title="National Museum of Nuclear Science & History">NMoNSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_pam%C3%A1tka_Hanford_Reach" title="Národní památka Hanford Reach">Hanford Reach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_Letectva_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Národní muzeum Letectva Spojených států amerických">NMUSAF</a></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Film/knihy</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(film)" title="Oppenheimer (film)">Oppenheimer (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Prometheus" title="American Prometheus">American Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasn%C4%9Bj%C5%A1%C3%AD_ne%C5%BE_tis%C3%ADc_slunc%C3%AD" title="Jasnější než tisíc sluncí">Jasnější než tisíc sluncí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">R. Feynman</a>: <a href="/wiki/To_snad_nemysl%C3%ADte_v%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C4%9B!" title="To snad nemyslíte vážně!">To snad nemyslíte vážně!</a></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Ostatní</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsos" title="Alsos">Alsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein-Szil%C3%A1rd%C5%AFv_list" title="Einstein-Szilárdův list">Einstein-Szilárdův list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szil%C3%A1rdova_petice" title="Szilárdova petice">Szilárdova petice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operace_Peppermint" title="Operace Peppermint">Operace Peppermint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RaLa_experiment" title="RaLa experiment">RaLa experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverplate" title="Silverplate">Silverplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitit" title="Trinitit">Trinitit</a></li></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Nositelé Nobelovy ceny za fyziku"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17064757"><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext">Nositelé <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziku" title="Nobelova cena za fyziku">Nobelovy ceny za fyziku</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1901–1925</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%A1" title="Marie Curie-Skłodowská">Marie Curie-Skłodowská</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3._baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3. baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Michelson</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Gabriel Lippmann</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Ferdinand Braun</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Johannes van der Waals</a> (1910)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Nils Gustaf Dalén">Gustaf Dalén</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Barkla</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edouard_Guillaume" title="Charles Edouard Guillaume">Charles Guillaume</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Millikan</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Gustav Hertz</a> (1925)</span></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1926–1950</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Perrin</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Wilson</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Richardson</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">C. V. Raman</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Chadwick</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Victor Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl Anderson</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Clinton Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">George Thomson</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Bridgman</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Appleton</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Jukawa" title="Hideki Jukawa">Hideki Jukawa</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Powell" title="Cecil Powell">Cecil Powell</a> (1950)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1951–1975</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton" title="Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton">Ernest Walton</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Frits Zernike</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Willis Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Polykarp Kusch</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Brattain</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jang_%C4%8Cen-ning" title="Jang Čen-ning">Jang Čen-ning</a> / <a href="/wiki/Li_%C4%8Ceng-tao" title="Li Čeng-tao">Li Čeng-tao</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Alexejevi%C4%8D_%C4%8Cerenkov" title="Pavel Alexejevič Čerenkov">Pavel Alexejevič Čerenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Frank" title="Ilja Frank">Ilja Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Jevgen%C4%9Bvi%C4%8D_Tamm" title="Igor Jevgeněvič Tamm">Igor Tamm</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè">Emilio G. Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ludwig_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer">Rudolf Mössbauer</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Davidovi%C4%8D_Landau" title="Lev Davidovič Landau">Lev Landau</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">E. P. Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_G%C3%B6ppertov%C3%A1-Mayerov%C3%A1" title="Maria Göppertová-Mayerová">Maria Göppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">J. Hans D. Jensen</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Gennadijevi%C4%8D_Basov" title="Nikolaj Gennadijevič Basov">Nikolaj Gennadijevič Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexandr_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Prochorov" title="Alexandr Michajlovič Prochorov">Alexandr Prochorov</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0in%E2%80%99i%C4%8Dir%C3%B3_Tomonaga" title="Šin’ičiró Tomonaga">Šin’ičiró Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis Néel</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Leon Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Schrieffer</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Ivar Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Brian Josephson</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">Aage Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Ben Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a> (1975)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1976–2000</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ting" title="Samuel Ting">Samuel Ting</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" title="Nevill Mott">Nevill Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck van Vleck">John Hasbrouck van Vleck</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Leonidovi%C4%8D_Kapica" title="Pjotr Leonidovič Kapica">Pjotr Leonidovič Kapica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Arno Allan Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Sheldon Lee Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" title="James Watson Cronin">James Watson Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Arthur Leonard Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Kenneth G. Wilson</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Johannes Georg Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Karl Alexander Müller</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Melvin Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Norman Foster Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Hans Georg Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">Richard Edward Taylor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Georges Charpak</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Russell Alan Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">Joseph Hooton Taylor</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Shull</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">David Morris Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Douglas Dean Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">Robert Coleman Richardson</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">William Daniel Phillips</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Robert B. Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Horst Ludwig Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cchuej_%C4%8Cchi" title="Cchuej Čchi">Cchuej Čchi</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Martinus J. G. Veltman</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDores_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Alfjorov" title="Žores Ivanovič Alfjorov">Žores Ivanovič Alfjorov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a> (2000)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">2001–2025</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Eric Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Wieman</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_mlad%C5%A1%C3%AD" title="Raymond Davis mladší">Raymond Davis mladší</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masato%C5%A1i_Ko%C5%A1iba" title="Masatoši Košiba">Masatoši Košiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexej_Alexejevi%C4%8D_Abrikosov" title="Alexej Alexejevič Abrikosov">Alexej Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitalij_Lazarevi%C4%8D_Ginzburg" title="Vitalij Lazarevič Ginzburg">Vitalij Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony Leggett</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross">David Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">David Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Roy Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hall" title="John Hall">John Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Theodor Hänsch</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">John C. Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_F._Smoot" title="George F. Smoot">George Smoot</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3i%C4%8Dir%C3%B3_Nambu" title="Jóičiró Nambu">Jóičiró Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobaja%C5%A1i" title="Makoto Kobajaši">Makoto Kobajaši</a> / <a href="/wiki/To%C5%A1ihide_Masukawa" title="Tošihide Masukawa">Tošihide Masukawa</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuen_Kao" title="Charles Kuen Kao">Charles Kuen Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Sterling_Boyle" title="Willard Sterling Boyle">Willard Sterling Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Elwood_Smith" title="George Elwood Smith">George E. Smith</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%A1i_Amano" title="Hiroši Amano">Hiroši Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kad%C5%BEita" title="Takaaki Kadžita">Takaaki Kadžita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">Arthur B. McDonald</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">David J. Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Duncan Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz">Michael Kosterlitz</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Arthur Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Gérard Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Stricklandov%C3%A1" title="Donna Stricklandová">Donna Stricklandová</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">James Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghezov%C3%A1" title="Andrea M. Ghezová">Andrea Ghezová</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Syukuro Manabe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Clauser" title="John F. Clauser">John F. Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Anton Zeilinger</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Pierre Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillierov%C3%A1" title="Anne L'Huillierová">Anne L'Huillierová</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a> (2024)</span></li></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Hughesova medaile"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17064757"><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Hughesova_medaile" title="Hughesova medaile">Hughesova medaile</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2"> <div> 1902 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a> • 1903 <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Hittorf" title="Johann Wilhelm Hittorf">Johann Wilhelm Hittorf</a> • 1904 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Swan" title="Joseph Swan">Joseph Swan</a> • 1905 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augusto_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augusto Righi (stránka neexistuje)">Augusto Righi</a> • 1906 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertha_Ayrton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hertha Ayrton (stránka neexistuje)">Hertha Ayrton</a> • 1907 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Howard_Griffiths&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Howard Griffiths (stránka neexistuje)">Ernest Howard Griffiths</a> • 1908 <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Goldstein" title="Eugen Goldstein">Eugen Goldstein</a> • 1909 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Glazebrook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Glazebrook (stránka neexistuje)">Richard Glazebrook</a> • 1910 <a href="/wiki/John_Ambrose_Fleming" title="John Ambrose Fleming">John Ambrose Fleming</a> • 1911 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Wilson">Charles Wilson</a> • 1912 <a href="/wiki/William_Duddell" title="William Duddell">William Duddell</a> • 1913 <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a> • 1914 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sealy_Townsend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sealy Townsend (stránka neexistuje)">John Sealy Townsend</a> • 1915 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a> • 1916 <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a> • 1917 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Barkla" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Barkla">Charles Barkla</a> • 1918 <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a> • 1919 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Chree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Chree (stránka neexistuje)">Charles Chree</a> • 1920 <a href="/wiki/Owen_Richardson" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen Richardson">Owen Richardson</a> • 1921 <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> • 1922 <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis William Aston</a> • 1923 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Millikan">Robert Millikan</a> • 1924 <i>Neudělena</i> • 1925 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Edward_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Edward Smith (stránka neexistuje)">Frank Edward Smith</a> • 1926 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson" title="Henry Jackson">Henry Jackson</a> • 1927 <a href="/wiki/William_Coolidge" title="William Coolidge">William Coolidge</a> • 1928 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_de_Broglie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice de Broglie (stránka neexistuje)">Maurice de Broglie</a> • 1929 <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Wilhelm_Geiger" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Wilhelm Geiger">Hans Geiger</a> • 1930 <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</a> • 1931 <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a> • 1932 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Chadwick</a> • 1933 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a> • 1934 <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a> • 1935 <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Davisson">Clinton Davisson</a> • 1936 <a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Schottky" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter H. Schottky">Walter H. Schottky</a> • 1937 <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> • 1938 <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> • 1939 <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">George Paget Thomson</a> • 1940 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a> • 1941 <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" title="Nevill Mott">Nevill Mott</a> • 1942 <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> • 1943 <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a> • 1944 <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Finch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Finch (stránka neexistuje)">George Finch</a> • 1945 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basil_Schonland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basil Schonland (stránka neexistuje)">Basil Schonland</a> • 1946 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Randall (stránka neexistuje)">John Randall</a> • 1947 <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric Joliot">Frédéric Joliot</a> • 1948 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Watson-Watt" title="Robert Watson-Watt">Robert Watson-Watt</a> • 1949 <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Powell" title="Cecil Powell">Cecil Powell</a> • 1950 <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> • 1951 <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Kramers" title="Hendrik Kramers">Hendrik Kramers</a> • 1952 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Dee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Dee (stránka neexistuje)">Philip Dee</a> • 1953 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Bullard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Bullard (stránka neexistuje)">Edward Bullard</a> • 1954 <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> • 1955 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harrie Massey (stránka neexistuje)">Harrie Massey</a> • 1956 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Lindemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Lindemann (stránka neexistuje)">Frederick Lindemann</a> • 1957 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Proudman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Proudman (stránka neexistuje)">Joseph Proudman</a> • 1958 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_da_Costa_Andrade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward da Costa Andrade (stránka neexistuje)">Edward da Costa Andrade</a> • 1959 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Pippard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Pippard (stránka neexistuje)">Brian Pippard</a> • 1960 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Pawsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Pawsey (stránka neexistuje)">Joseph Pawsey</a> • 1961 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Cottrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Cottrell (stránka neexistuje)">Alan Cottrell</a> • 1962 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brebis_Bleaney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brebis Bleaney (stránka neexistuje)">Brebis Bleaney</a> • 1963 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Williams (stránka neexistuje)">Frederic Williams</a> • 1964 <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> • 1965 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denys_Wilkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denys Wilkinson (stránka neexistuje)">Denys Wilkinson</a> • 1966 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Kemmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Kemmer (stránka neexistuje)">Nicholas Kemmer</a> • 1967 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Mendelssohn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Mendelssohn (stránka neexistuje)">Kurt Mendelssohn</a> • 1968 <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a> • 1969 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Kurti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Kurti (stránka neexistuje)">Nicholas Kurti</a> • 1970 <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Bates (stránka neexistuje)">David Bates</a> • 1971 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hanbury_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hanbury Brown (stránka neexistuje)">Robert Hanbury Brown</a> • 1972 <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Brian David Josephson</a> • 1973 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hirsch" title="Peter Hirsch">Peter Hirsch</a> • 1974 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Fowler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Fowler (stránka neexistuje)">Peter Fowler</a> • 1975 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Dalitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Dalitz (stránka neexistuje)">Richard Dalitz</a> • 1976 <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> • 1977 <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a> • 1978 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Cochran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Cochran (stránka neexistuje)">William Cochran</a> • 1979 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Joseph_Paton_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Joseph Paton Williams (stránka neexistuje)">Robert Joseph Paton Williams</a> • 1980 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Farley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Farley (stránka neexistuje)">Francis Farley</a> • 1981 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kibble" title="Tom Kibble">Tom Kibble</a> • 1982 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drummond_Matthews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drummond Matthews (stránka neexistuje)">Drummond Matthews</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Vine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Vine (stránka neexistuje)">Frederick Vine</a> • 1983 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Clive_Ward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clive Ward (stránka neexistuje)">John Clive Ward</a> • 1984 <a href="/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr">Roy Kerr</a> • 1985 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Skyrme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Skyrme (stránka neexistuje)">Tony Skyrme</a> • 1986 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mark_Woolfson" title="Michael Mark Woolfson">M. M. Woolfson</a> • 1987 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Pepper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Pepper (stránka neexistuje)">Michael Pepper</a> • 1988 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Howie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Howie (stránka neexistuje)">Archibald Howie</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Whelan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. J. Whelan (stránka neexistuje)">M. J. Whelan</a> • 1989 <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" title="John Stewart Bell">John Stewart Bell</a> • 1990 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_George_Cowling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas George Cowling (stránka neexistuje)">Thomas George Cowling</a> • 1991 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Moon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Moon (stránka neexistuje)">Philip Moon</a> • 1992 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Seaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Seaton (stránka neexistuje)">Michael Seaton</a> • 1993 <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Isaak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Isaak (stránka neexistuje)">George Isaak</a> • 1994 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Chambers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Chambers (stránka neexistuje)">Robert Chambers</a> • 1995 <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Shoenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Shoenberg (stránka neexistuje)">David Shoenberg</a> • 1996 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amyand_Buckingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amyand Buckingham (stránka neexistuje)">Amyand Buckingham</a> • 1997 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Lang_(fyzik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Lang (fyzik) (stránka neexistuje)">Andrew Lang</a> • 1998 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Hide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Hide (stránka neexistuje)">Raymond Hide</a> • 1999 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Boksenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Boksenberg (stránka neexistuje)">Alexander Boksenberg</a> • 2000 <a href="/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao">Chintamani Rao</a> • 2001 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pethica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pethica (stránka neexistuje)">John Pethica</a> • 2002 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Dalgarno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Dalgarno (stránka neexistuje)">Alexander Dalgarno</a> • 2003 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Edwards (stránka neexistuje)">Peter Edwards</a> • 2004 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Clarke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clarke (stránka neexistuje)">John Clarke</a> • 2005 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Moffatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Moffatt (stránka neexistuje)">Keith Moffatt</a> • 2006 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Kelly (stránka neexistuje)">Michael Kelly</a> • 2007 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artur_Ekert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artur Ekert (stránka neexistuje)">Artur Ekert</a> • 2008 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Dougherty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Dougherty (stránka neexistuje)">Michele Dougherty</a> • 2010 <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a> • 2011 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Rosseinsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Rosseinsky (stránka neexistuje)">Matthew Rosseinsky</a> • 2013 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henning_Sirringhaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henning Sirringhaus (stránka neexistuje)">Henning Sirringhaus</a> • 2015 <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Efstathiou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Efstathiou (stránka neexistuje)">George Efstathiou</a> • 2017 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Bruce (stránka neexistuje)">Peter Bruce</a> • 2018 <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Durrant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Durrant (stránka neexistuje)">James Durrant</a> • 2019 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Ian_Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Ian Cooper (stránka neexistuje)">Andrew Ian Cooper</a></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox2,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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