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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_and_scientific_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_and_scientific_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Medical and scientific developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_and_scientific_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Epidemiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notable cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_Impacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_Impacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Social Impacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_Impacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summarization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summarization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Summarization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summarization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Goitre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skildkliervergroting" title="Skildkliervergroting – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skildkliervergroting" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%AE%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تضخم الغدة الدرقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تضخم الغدة الدرقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal_de_papo" title="Mal de papo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mal de papo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="গলগন্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গলগন্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takuk" title="Takuk – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Takuk" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C5%A1avost" title="Gušavost – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gušavost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goll" title="Goll – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Goll" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struma_(medic%C3%ADna)" title="Struma (medicína) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Struma (medicína)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struma" title="Struma – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Struma" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struma" title="Struma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Struma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struuma" title="Struuma – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Struuma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag%C3%B2tt" title="Magòtt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Magòtt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocio" title="Bocio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bocio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumo" title="Strumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Strumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo" title="Golo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Golo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="گواتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گواتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goitre" title="Goitre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Goitre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainglis" title="Ainglis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ainglis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%91%EC%83%81%EC%84%A0%EC%A2%85" title="갑상선종 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="갑상선종" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C6%99o%C6%99o" title="Maƙoƙo – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Maƙoƙo" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BA" title="Խպիպ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խպիպ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="घेंघा रोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="घेंघा रोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C5%A1avost" title="Gušavost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gušavost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumo" title="Strumo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Strumo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondok" title="Gondok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gondok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struma_(endocrinologia)" title="Struma (endocrinologia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Struma (endocrinologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%AA" title="זפקת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זפקת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97" title="ಗಂಟಲುವಾಳ ರೋಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಂಟಲುವಾಳ ರೋಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buklo" title="Buklo – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Buklo" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Струма – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Струма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rovu" title="Rovu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rovu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%BBma" title="Strûma – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Strûma" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Богок – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Богок" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81kslis" title="Kākslis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kākslis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%AB%C5%BEys_(liga)" title="Gūžys (liga) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gūžys (liga)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magot" title="Magot – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Magot" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golyva" title="Golyva – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Golyva" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaotra" title="Gaotra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gaotra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="ഗോയിറ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗോയിറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goiter" title="Goiter – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Goiter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C3%A2i-g%C4%83i" title="Duâi-găi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Duâi-găi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="လည်ပင်းကြီးရောဂါ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လည်ပင်းကြီးရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schildkliervergroting" title="Schildkliervergroting – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schildkliervergroting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83" title="गलः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गलः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA%E8%85%AB" title="甲状腺腫 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="甲状腺腫" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struma" title="Struma – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Struma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struma" title="Struma – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Struma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଗଏଟର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗଏଟର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wole_(tarczyca)" title="Wole (tarczyca) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wole (tarczyca)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3cio" title="Bócio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bócio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27utu" title="Q'utu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'utu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B1_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Зоб (заболевание) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зоб (заболевание)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/biluu%E2%80%99" title="biluu’ – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="biluu’" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ABmundja_e_gush%C3%ABs" title="Sëmundja e gushës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sëmundja e gushës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozzu_(ghi%C3%A0nnula_tir%C3%B2iti)" title="Vozzu (ghiànnula tiròiti) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vozzu (ghiànnula tiròiti)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BA" title="ගලගණ්ඩය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගලගණ්ඩය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goitre" title="Goitre – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Goitre" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struma_(hrvo%C4%BE)" title="Struma (hrvoľ) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Struma (hrvoľ)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="گۆیتەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆیتەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C5%A1avost" title="Gušavost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gušavost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondok" title="Gondok – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gondok" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struuma" title="Struuma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Struuma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struma" title="Struma – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Struma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosyo" title="Bosyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bosyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="முன்கழுத்துக் கழலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முன்கழுத்துக் கழலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF" title="గ్రంథివాపు వ్యాధి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రంథివాపు వ్యాధి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="คอพอก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอพอก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatr" title="Guatr – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guatr" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B1_(%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Зоб (хвороба) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зоб (хвороба)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baenzai" title="Baenzai – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Baenzai" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bu_c%E1%BB%95" title="Bướu cổ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bướu cổ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA%E8%82%BF" title="甲状腺肿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="甲状腺肿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A0%B8%E6%B3%A1" title="大頸泡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大頸泡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA%E8%82%BF" title="甲状腺肿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="甲状腺肿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Goitre</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Goiter</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Thyroid,_Diffuse_Hyperplasia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Thyroid%2C_Diffuse_Hyperplasia.jpg/250px-Thyroid%2C_Diffuse_Hyperplasia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Thyroid%2C_Diffuse_Hyperplasia.jpg/330px-Thyroid%2C_Diffuse_Hyperplasia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Thyroid%2C_Diffuse_Hyperplasia.jpg/500px-Thyroid%2C_Diffuse_Hyperplasia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="2261" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Diffuse <a href="/wiki/Hyperplasia" title="Hyperplasia">hyperplasia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Causes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iodine_deficiency" title="Iodine deficiency">Iodine deficiency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" title="Autoimmune disease">autoimmune disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning" title="Cyanide poisoning">cyanide poisoning</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>A <b>goitre</b>, or <b>goiter</b>, is a swelling in the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> resulting from an enlarged <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid gland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BTF_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nhs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A goitre can be associated with a thyroid that is not functioning properly. </p><p>Worldwide, over 90% of goitre cases are caused by <a href="/wiki/Iodine_deficiency" title="Iodine deficiency">iodine deficiency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoermann_2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoermann_2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>gutturia</i>, meaning <a href="/wiki/Throat" title="Throat">throat</a>. Most goitres are not <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancerous</a> (<a href="/wiki/Benign_tumor" title="Benign tumor">benign</a>), though they may be potentially harmful. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A goitre can present as a palpable or visible enlargement of the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid gland</a> at the base of the neck. A goitre, if associated with <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">hyperthyroidism</a>, may be present with symptoms of the underlying disorder. For hyperthyroidism, the most common symptoms are associated with <a href="/wiki/Adrenergic" title="Adrenergic">adrenergic</a> stimulation: <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">tachycardia</a> (increased heart rate), <a href="/wiki/Palpitations" title="Palpitations">palpitations</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nervousness" class="extiw" title="wikt:nervousness">nervousness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tremor" title="Tremor">tremor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">increased blood pressure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heat_intolerance" title="Heat intolerance">heat intolerance</a>. Clinical manifestations are often related to <a href="/wiki/Hypermetabolism" title="Hypermetabolism">hypermetabolism</a> (increased metabolism), excessive <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormones" title="Thyroid hormones">thyroid hormone</a>, an increase in oxygen consumption, metabolic changes in protein metabolism, immunologic stimulation of diffuse goitre, and ocular changes (<a href="/wiki/Exophthalmos" title="Exophthalmos">exophthalmos</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hypothyroid people commonly have poor appetite, <a href="/wiki/Cold_intolerance" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold intolerance">cold intolerance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lethargy" title="Lethargy">lethargy</a> and may undergo weight gain. However, these symptoms are often <a href="/wiki/Non-specific" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-specific">non-specific</a> and make diagnosis difficult.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to the WHO classification of goitre by palpation, the severity of goitre is currently graded as grade 0, grade 1, grade 2.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Struma_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goitre Class II, WHO grade 2"><img alt="Goitre Class II, WHO grade 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Struma_001.jpg/250px-Struma_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Struma_001.jpg/330px-Struma_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Struma_001.jpg/500px-Struma_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Goitre Class II, WHO grade 2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kone_med_stor_struma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goitre Class III, WHO grade 2"><img alt="Goitre Class III, WHO grade 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kone_med_stor_struma.jpg/250px-Kone_med_stor_struma.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kone_med_stor_struma.jpg/330px-Kone_med_stor_struma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1939" data-file-height="2691" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Goitre Class III, WHO grade 2</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Worldwide, the most common cause for goitre is <a href="/wiki/Iodine_deficiency" title="Iodine deficiency">iodine deficiency</a>, commonly seen in countries that scarcely use <a href="/wiki/Iodized_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodized salt">iodized salt</a>. <a href="/wiki/Selenium_deficiency" title="Selenium deficiency">Selenium deficiency</a> is also considered a contributing factor. In countries that use iodized salt, <a href="/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_thyroiditis" title="Hashimoto's thyroiditis">Hashimoto's thyroiditis</a> is the most common cause.<sup id="cite_ref-Kumar_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kumar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goitre can also result from <a href="/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning" title="Cyanide poisoning">cyanide poisoning</a>, which is particularly common in tropical countries where people eat the cyanide-rich <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> root as the staple food.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Cause</th> <th>Pathophysiology</th> <th>Resultant thyroid activity</th> <th>Growth pattern</th> <th>Treatment</th> <th>Incidence and prevalence</th> <th>Prognosis </th></tr> <tr> <td>Iodine deficiency</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyperplasia" title="Hyperplasia">Hyperplasia</a> of thyroid to compensate for decreased efficacy</td> <td>Can cause <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a></td> <td>Diffuse</td> <td>Iodine</td> <td>Constitutes over 90% cases of goitre worldwide<sup id="cite_ref-Hoermann_2005_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoermann_2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Increased size of thyroid may be permanent if untreated for around five years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Congenital_hypothyroidism" title="Congenital hypothyroidism">Congenital hypothyroidism</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inborn_errors_of_metabolism" title="Inborn errors of metabolism">Inborn errors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormones" title="Thyroid hormones">thyroid hormone synthesis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">Hypothyroidism</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goitrogen" title="Goitrogen">Goitrogen</a> ingestion</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction" title="Adverse drug reaction">Adverse drug reactions</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_thyroiditis" title="Hashimoto's thyroiditis">Hashimoto's thyroiditis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" title="Autoimmune disease">Autoimmune disease</a> in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed. Infiltration of <a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">lymphocytes</a>.</td> <td>Hypothyroidism</td> <td>Diffuse and <a href="/wiki/Lobulated" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobulated">lobulated</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid hormone replacement">Thyroid hormone replacement</a></td> <td>Prevalence: 1 to 1.5 in a 1000</td> <td>Remission with treatment </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_disease" title="Pituitary disease">Pituitary disease</a></td> <td>Hypersecretion of <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_stimulating_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid stimulating hormone">thyroid stimulating hormone</a>, almost always by a pituitary adenoma<sup id="cite_ref-Weiss2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiss2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>Diffuse</td> <td>Pituitary surgery</td> <td>Very rare<sup id="cite_ref-Weiss2009_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiss2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Graves%27_disease" title="Graves' disease">Graves' disease</a>—also called Basedow syndrome</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autoantibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoantibodies">Autoantibodies</a> (TSHR-Ab) that activate the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormone" title="Thyroid-stimulating hormone">TSH</a>-receptor (TSHR)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyroidism</a></td> <td>Diffuse</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antithyroid_agent" title="Antithyroid agent">Antithyroid agents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131">radioiodine</a>, surgery</td> <td>Will develop in about 0.5% of males and 3% of females</td> <td>Remission with treatment, but still lower quality of life for 14 to 21 years after treatment, with lower mood and lower vitality, regardless of the choice of treatment<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16356093_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16356093-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thyroiditis" title="Thyroiditis">Thyroiditis</a></td> <td>Acute or chronic <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a></td> <td>Can be hyperthyroidism initially, but progress to hypothyroidism</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_cancer" title="Thyroid cancer">Thyroid cancer</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Usually uninodular</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Overall relative <a href="/wiki/5-year_survival_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="5-year survival rate">5-year survival rate</a> of 85% for females and 74% for males<sup id="cite_ref-european_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-european-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benign <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_neoplasm" title="Thyroid neoplasm">thyroid neoplasms</a></td> <td></td> <td>Usually hyperthyroidism</td> <td>Usually uninodular</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Mostly harmless<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_insensitivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid hormone insensitivity">Thyroid hormone insensitivity</a></td> <td></td> <td>Secretional hyperthyroidism, <br /> Symptomatic hypothyroidism</td> <td>Diffuse</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">Sarcoidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyloidosis" title="Amyloidosis">Amyloidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydatidiform_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydatidiform mole">Hydatidiform mole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyst" title="Cyst">Cysts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acromegaly" title="Acromegaly">Acromegaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendred_syndrome" title="Pendred syndrome">Pendred syndrome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Struma_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Struma_004.jpg/220px-Struma_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Struma_004.jpg/330px-Struma_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Struma_004.jpg/440px-Struma_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2043" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>Goitre with <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_adenoma" title="Thyroid adenoma">toxic adenoma</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Goitre may be diagnosed via a <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_function_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid function test">thyroid function test</a> in an individual suspected of having it.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types">Types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A goitre may be classified either as nodular or diffuse. Nodular goitres are either of one nodule (uninodular) or of multiple nodules (multinodular).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multinodular goiter (MNG) is the most common disorder of the thyroid gland.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Growth pattern</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Uninodular goitre: one <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_nodule" title="Thyroid nodule">thyroid nodule</a>; can be either inactive, or active (toxic) – autonomously producing thyroid hormone.</li> <li>Multinodular goitre: multiple nodules;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can likewise be inactive or toxic, the latter is called <a href="/wiki/Toxic_multinodular_goitre" title="Toxic multinodular goitre">toxic multinodular goitre</a> and associated with <a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">hyperthyroidism</a>. These nodules grow up at varying rates and secrete thyroid hormone autonomously, thereby suppressing TSH-dependent growth and function in the rest of gland. Inactive nodules in the same goitre can be malignant.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJ_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_cancer" title="Thyroid cancer">Thyroid cancer</a> is identified in 13.7% of the patients operated for multinodular goitre.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diffuse goitre: the whole thyroid appearing to be enlarged due to <a href="/wiki/Hyperplasia" title="Hyperplasia">hyperplasia</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Size</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Class I: the goitre in normal posture of the head cannot be seen; it is only found by <a href="/wiki/Palpation" title="Palpation">palpation</a>.</li> <li>Class II: the goitre is palpable and can be easily seen.</li> <li>Class III: the goitre is very large and is retrosternal (partially or totally lying below the <a href="/wiki/Sternum" title="Sternum">sternum</a>), pressure results in compression marks.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goitre is treated according to the cause. If the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid gland">thyroid gland</a> is producing an excess of <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormones" title="Thyroid hormones">thyroid hormones</a> (T3 and T4), <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive iodine">radioactive iodine</a> is given to the patient to shrink the gland. If goitre is caused by <a href="/wiki/Iodine_deficiency" title="Iodine deficiency">iodine deficiency</a>, small doses of <a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">iodide</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Lugol%27s_iodine" title="Lugol's iodine">Lugol's iodine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium iodine">KI solution</a> are given. If the goitre is associated with an underactive <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a>, thyroid supplements are used as treatment. Sometimes a partial or complete <a href="/wiki/Thyroidectomy" title="Thyroidectomy">thyroidectomy</a> is required.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_and_scientific_developments">Medical and scientific developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Medical and scientific developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The discovery of iodine's importance in thyroid function and its role in preventing goiter marked a significant medical breakthrough. The introduction of iodized salt in the early 20th century became a key public health initiative, effectively reducing the prevalence of goiter in previously affected regions. This measure was one of the earliest and most successful examples of mass preventive health campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iodine_deficiency_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2002.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Iodine_deficiency_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2002.svg/250px-Iodine_deficiency_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2002.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Iodine_deficiency_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2002.svg/500px-Iodine_deficiency_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2002.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Disability-adjusted_life_year" title="Disability-adjusted life year">Disability-adjusted life year</a> for iodine deficiency per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b3b3b3; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> no data</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffff65; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> fewer than 50</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fff200; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 50–100</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffdc00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 100–150</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffc600; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 150–200</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffb000; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 200–250</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff9a00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 250–300</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff8400; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 300–350</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff6e00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 350–400</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff5800; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 400–450</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff4200; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 450–500</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff2c00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 500–800</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cb0000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> more than 800</div> </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Goitre is more common among women, but this includes the many types of goitre caused by autoimmune problems, and not only those caused by simple lack of iodine.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iodine mainly accumulates in the sea and in the <a href="/wiki/Topsoil" title="Topsoil">topsoil</a>. Before iodine enrichment programs, goiters were common in areas with repeated flooding or glacial activities, which erodes the topsoil. It is endemic in populations where the intake of iodine is less than 10 μg per day.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of such regions include the alpine regions of Southern Europe (such as Switzerland), the Himalayans, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Basin" title="Great Lakes Basin">Great Lakes basin</a>, etc. As reported in 1923, all the domestic animals have goiter in some of the glacial valleys of Southern Alaska. It was so severe in <a href="/wiki/Pemberton_Meadows" title="Pemberton Meadows">Pemberton Meadows</a> that it was difficult to raise young animals there.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cretinnen_aus_Steiermark,_1819_gez._Loder,_gest._Leopold_M%C3%BCller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cretinnen_aus_Steiermark%2C_1819_gez._Loder%2C_gest._Leopold_M%C3%BCller.jpg/220px-Cretinnen_aus_Steiermark%2C_1819_gez._Loder%2C_gest._Leopold_M%C3%BCller.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cretinnen_aus_Steiermark%2C_1819_gez._Loder%2C_gest._Leopold_M%C3%BCller.jpg/330px-Cretinnen_aus_Steiermark%2C_1819_gez._Loder%2C_gest._Leopold_M%C3%BCller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cretinnen_aus_Steiermark%2C_1819_gez._Loder%2C_gest._Leopold_M%C3%BCller.jpg/440px-Cretinnen_aus_Steiermark%2C_1819_gez._Loder%2C_gest._Leopold_M%C3%BCller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Goitre and <a href="/wiki/Congenital_iodine_deficiency_syndrome" title="Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome">congenital iodine deficiency syndrome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>, copper engraving, 1815</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miesbacher_gebirgstracht_frau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Miesbacher_gebirgstracht_frau.jpg/250px-Miesbacher_gebirgstracht_frau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Miesbacher_gebirgstracht_frau.jpg/330px-Miesbacher_gebirgstracht_frau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Miesbacher_gebirgstracht_frau.jpg/500px-Miesbacher_gebirgstracht_frau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="793" /></a><figcaption>Woman in Miesbacher Tracht wearing a goitre choker</figcaption></figure> <p>Chinese physicians of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) were the first to successfully treat patients with goitre by using the iodine-rich thyroid gland of animals such as sheep and pigs—in raw, pill, or powdered form.<sup id="cite_ref-Temple_1986_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Temple_1986-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was outlined in Zhen Quan's (d. 643 AD) book, as well as several others.<sup id="cite_ref-Temple_1986_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Temple_1986-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One Chinese book, <i>The Pharmacopoeia of the Heavenly Husbandman</i>, asserted that iodine-rich <a href="/wiki/Sargassum" title="Sargassum">sargassum</a> was used to treat goitre patients by the 1st century BC, but this book was written much later.<sup id="cite_ref-Temple_1986_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Temple_1986-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 12th century, <a href="/wiki/Zayn_al-Din_al-Jurjani" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayn al-Din al-Jurjani">Zayn al-Din al-Jurjani</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Islamic_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic medicine">Persian physician</a>, provided the first description of <a href="/wiki/Graves%27_disease" title="Graves' disease">Graves' disease</a> after noting the association of goitre and a displacement of the eye known as <a href="/wiki/Exophthalmos" title="Exophthalmos">exophthalmos</a> in his <i>Thesaurus of the Shah of Khwarazm</i>, the major medical dictionary of its time.<sup id="cite_ref-WNI_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WNI-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disease was later named after Irish doctor <a href="/wiki/Robert_James_Graves" title="Robert James Graves">Robert James Graves</a>, who described a case of goitre with exophthalmos in 1835. The German <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_von_Basedow" title="Karl Adolph von Basedow">Karl Adolph von Basedow</a> also independently reported the same constellation of symptoms in 1840, while earlier reports of the disease were also published by the Italians Giuseppe Flajani and Antonio Giuseppe Testa, in 1802 and 1810 respectively,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the English physician <a href="/wiki/Caleb_Hillier_Parry" title="Caleb Hillier Parry">Caleb Hillier Parry</a> (a friend of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jenner" title="Edward Jenner">Edward Jenner</a>) in the late 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a> (1493–1541) was the first person to propose a relationship between goitre and minerals (particularly lead) in drinking water.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> was later discovered by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Courtois" title="Bernard Courtois">Bernard Courtois</a> in 1811 from seaweed ash.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goitre was previously common in many areas that were deficient in iodine in the <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a>. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/English_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="English Midlands">English Midlands</a>, the condition was known as <b>Derbyshire Neck</b>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, goitre was found in the <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Intermountain_West" title="Intermountain West">Intermountain</a> regions. The condition is now practically absent in affluent nations, where <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">table salt</a> is <a href="/wiki/Iodized_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodized salt">supplemented with iodine</a>. However, it is still prevalent in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, China,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a>. </p><p>Goitre had been prevalent in the alpine countries for a long time. Switzerland reduced the condition by introducing <a href="/wiki/Iodized_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodized salt">iodized salt</a> in 1922. The Bavarian <a href="/wiki/Tracht" title="Tracht">tracht</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Miesbach_(district)" title="Miesbach (district)">Miesbach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_(state)" title="Salzburg (state)">Salzburg</a> regions, which appeared in the 19th century, includes a <a href="/wiki/Choker" title="Choker">choker</a>, dubbed <i>Kropfband</i> (struma band) which was used to hide either the goitre or the remnants of goitre surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In various regions around the world, particularly in mountainous areas, the prevalence of goiter was linked to iodine deficiency in the diet. For example, the Alps, the Himalayas, and the Andes had high rates of goiter due to the iodine-poor soil. In these regions, iodine deficiency led to widespread hormonal imbalances, particularly affecting thyroid function.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1920s wearing bottles of iodine around the neck was believed to prevent goitre.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_cases">Notable cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Former U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush_(First_Lady)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Bush (First Lady)">Barbara Bush</a> were both diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Graves%27_disease" title="Graves' disease">Graves' disease</a> and goitres, within two years of each other. The disease caused <a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">hyperthyroidism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac dysrhythmia">cardiac dysrhythmia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientists said that, absent an environmental cause, the odds of both a husband and wife having Graves' disease might be 1 in 100,000 or as low as 1 in 3,000,000.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coat of arms and crest of Die Kröpfner, of <a href="/wiki/Tyrol_(state)" title="Tyrol (state)">Tyrol</a>, showed a man "afflicted with a large goitre", an apparent pun on the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> for the word ("Kropf").<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies1904_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies1904-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_Impacts">Social Impacts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Social Impacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some historical contexts, goiters were so prevalent that they became normalized within the culture. For instance, in certain Alpine regions, large goiters were sometimes considered a sign of beauty. Conversely, in other areas, individuals with goiters faced social stigma, which could lead to marginalization and discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summarization">Summarization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Summarization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goiter, resulting primarily from iodine deficiency, has historically been a widespread condition with significant health and social implications. Advances in nutrition and public health have greatly reduced its prevalence, but understanding its historical context helps in appreciating the development of endocrinology and public health measures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Marine" title="David Marine">David Marine</a> conducted substantial research on the treatment of goitre with <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_goitre" title="Endemic goitre">Endemic goitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struma_ovarii" title="Struma ovarii">Struma ovarii</a>—a kind of <a href="/wiki/Teratoma" title="Teratoma">teratoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_receptor" title="Thyroid hormone receptor">Thyroid hormone receptor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BTF-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BTF_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btf-thyroid.org/information/leaflets/32-thyroid-nodules-and-swellings-guide">"Thyroid Nodules and Swellings"</a>. <i>British Thyroid Foundation</i>. 11 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Thyroid+Foundation&rft.atitle=Thyroid+Nodules+and+Swellings&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btf-thyroid.org%2Finformation%2Fleaflets%2F32-thyroid-nodules-and-swellings-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nhs_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Goitre/Pages/Introduction.aspx">"Goitre - NHS Choices"</a>. <i>NHS Choices</i>. 19 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NHS+Choices&rft.atitle=Goitre+-+NHS+Choices&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2FConditions%2FGoitre%2FPages%2FIntroduction.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoermann_2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoermann_2005_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoermann_2005_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHörmann2005" class="citation book cs1">Hörmann R (2005). <i>Schilddrüsenkrankheiten Leitfaden für Praxis und Klinik</i> (4., aktualisierte und erw. Aufl ed.). Berlin. pp. <span class="nowrap">15–</span>37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-936072-27-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-936072-27-2"><bdi>3-936072-27-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schilddr%C3%BCsenkrankheiten+Leitfaden+f%C3%BCr+Praxis+und+Klinik&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.edition=4.%2C+aktualisierte+und+erw.+Aufl&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-936072-27-2&rft.aulast=H%C3%B6rmann&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPorthGaspardNoble2011" class="citation book cs1">Porth CM, Gaspard KJ, Noble KA (2011). <i>Essentials of pathophysiology: Concepts of altered health states</i> (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+pathophysiology%3A+Concepts+of+altered+health+states&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Wolters+Kluwer%2FLippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Porth&rft.aufirst=CM&rft.au=Gaspard%2C+KJ&rft.au=Noble%2C+KA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/133706/WHO_NMH_NHD_EPG_14.5_eng.pdf;jsessionid=214ABE1B9182FB1EA1F39CFCBB9CC900?sequence=1">"Goitre as a determinant of the prevalence and severity of iodine deficiency disorders in populations"</a>. World Health Organization. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goitre+as+a+determinant+of+the+prevalence+and+severity+of+iodine+deficiency+disorders+in+populations&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F133706%2FWHO_NMH_NHD_EPG_14.5_eng.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D214ABE1B9182FB1EA1F39CFCBB9CC900%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kumar-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kumar_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMitchellKumarAbbasFausto2007" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2007). <i>Robbins Basic Pathology</i> (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4160-2973-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4160-2973-1"><bdi>978-1-4160-2973-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robbins+Basic+Pathology&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4160-2973-1&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=RS&rft.au=Kumar%2C+V&rft.au=Abbas%2C+AK&rft.au=Fausto%2C+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp8-c2.pdf">"Toxicological Profile For Cyanide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Atsdr.cdc.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040728092929/http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp8-c2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 July 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atsdr.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=Toxicological+Profile+For+Cyanide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%2Ftoxprofiles%2Ftp8-c2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBabademezTuncayZaimAcar2010" class="citation journal cs1">Babademez MA, Tuncay KS, Zaim M, Acar B, Karaşen RM (November 2010). "Hashimoto thyroiditis and thyroid gland anomalies". <i>The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery</i>. <b>21</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1807–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FSCS.0b013e3181f43e32">10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181f43e32</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21119426">21119426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Craniofacial+Surgery&rft.atitle=Hashimoto+thyroiditis+and+thyroid+gland+anomalies&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1807-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FSCS.0b013e3181f43e32&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21119426&rft.aulast=Babademez&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Tuncay%2C+KS&rft.au=Zaim%2C+M&rft.au=Acar%2C+B&rft.au=Kara%C5%9Fen%2C+RM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weiss2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss2009_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss2009_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uptodate.com/contents/thyrotropin-tsh-secreting-pituitary-adenomas">Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenomas.</a> By Roy E Weiss and Samuel Refetoff. Last literature review version 19.1: January 2011. This topic last updated: 2 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16356093-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16356093_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbraham-NordlingTörringHambergerLundell2005" class="citation journal cs1">Abraham-Nordling M, Törring O, Hamberger B, Lundell G, Tallstedt L, Calissendorff J, Wallin G (November 2005). 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Lahita">Lahita RG</a>, Yalof I (20 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QLy42Bu3I6oC&q=George+H.+W.+Bush+Graves'+disease&pg=PT170"><i>Women and Autoimmune Disease</i></a>. HarperCollins. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-008149-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-008149-2"><bdi>978-0-06-008149-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Autoimmune+Disease&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2004-07-20&rft.isbn=978-0-06-008149-2&rft.aulast=Lahita&rft.aufirst=RG&rft.au=Yalof%2C+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQLy42Bu3I6oC%26q%3DGeorge%2BH.%2BW.%2BBush%2BGraves%27%2Bdisease%26pg%3DPT170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAltman1991" class="citation web cs1">Altman LK (14 September 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/14/us/doctors-say-bush-is-in-good-health.html">"A White House Puzzle: Immunity Ailments"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <q>Doctors Say Bush Is in Good Health</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+White+House+Puzzle%3A+Immunity+Ailments&rft.date=1991-09-14&rft.aulast=Altman&rft.aufirst=LK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F09%2F14%2Fus%2Fdoctors-say-bush-is-in-good-health.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAltman1991" class="citation web cs1">Altman LK (28 May 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/28/science/the-doctor-s-world-a-white-house-puzzle-immunity-ailments.html">"The Doctor's World; A White House Puzzle: Immunity Ailments"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Doctor%27s+World%3B+A+White+House+Puzzle%3A+Immunity+Ailments&rft.date=1991-05-28&rft.aulast=Altman&rft.aufirst=LK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F05%2F28%2Fscience%2Fthe-doctor-s-world-a-white-house-puzzle-immunity-ailments.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-Davies1904-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies1904_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFox-Davies1904" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies" title="Arthur Charles Fox-Davies">Fox-Davies AC</a> (1904). <a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Heraldry:_An_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_of_Armory" title="The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopædia of Armory"><i>The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopædia of Armory</i></a>. New York and London: Benjamin Blom, Inc. p. 413.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Heraldry%3A+An+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+of+Armory&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=413&rft.pub=Benjamin+Blom%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Fox-Davies&rft.aufirst=AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorling1977" class="citation journal cs1">Norling, Bernard (October 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500025043">"Plagues and Peoples - William H. McNeill: Plagues and Peoples. (Garden City, New York: Anchor Press, Doubleday, 1976. Pp. 369. $10.00.)"</a>. <i>The Review of Politics</i>. <b>39</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">557–</span>560. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0034670500025043">10.1017/s0034670500025043</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-6705">0034-6705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Politics&rft.atitle=Plagues+and+Peoples+-+William+H.+McNeill%3A+Plagues+and+Peoples.+%28Garden+City%2C+New+York%3A+Anchor+Press%2C+Doubleday%2C+1976.+Pp.+369.+%2410.00.%29&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E557-%3C%2Fspan%3E560&rft.date=1977-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0034670500025043&rft.issn=0034-6705&rft.aulast=Norling&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fs0034670500025043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goitre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox32" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165135" class="extiw" title="d:Q165135">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-11" title="ICD-11">11</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#234769120">5A00.00</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#1357352994">5A00.1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#854564573">5A01</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#713028385">5A02.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/E01">E01</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/E05">E05</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=240.9">240.9</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006042">D006042</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb5332.htm">5332</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001178.htm">001178</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thyroid_disease82" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thyroid_disease" title="Template:Thyroid disease"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thyroid_disease" title="Template talk:Thyroid disease"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thyroid_disease" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thyroid disease"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thyroid_disease82" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_disease" title="Thyroid disease">Thyroid disease</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">Hypothyroidism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_deficiency" title="Iodine deficiency">Iodine deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretinism">Cretinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_hypothyroidism" title="Congenital hypothyroidism">Congenital hypothyroidism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxedema" title="Myxedema">Myxedema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxedema_coma" title="Myxedema coma">Myxedema coma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthyroid_sick_syndrome" title="Euthyroid sick syndrome">Euthyroid sick syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wyk_and_Grumbach_syndrome" title="Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome">Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome</a></li> <li>Signs and symptoms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_Hertoghe" title="Sign of Hertoghe">Queen Anne's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woltman_sign" title="Woltman sign">Woltman sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">Myoedema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_dyshormonogenesis" title="Thyroid dyshormonogenesis">Thyroid dyshormonogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickardt_syndrome" title="Pickardt syndrome">Pickardt syndrome</a></li> <li>Hypothyroid myopathy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kocher%E2%80%93Debre%E2%80%93Semelaigne_syndrome" title="Kocher–Debre–Semelaigne syndrome">KDSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoffmann_syndrome" title="Hoffmann syndrome">Hoffmann syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert%E2%80%93Eaton_myasthenic_syndrome" title="Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome">LEMS</a></li> <li>Atrophic type</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyroidism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroxinemia" title="Hyperthyroxinemia">Hyperthyroxinemia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_resistance" title="Thyroid hormone resistance">Thyroid hormone resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_dysalbuminemic_hyperthyroxinemia" title="Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia">Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashitoxicosis" title="Hashitoxicosis">Hashitoxicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyrotoxicosis_factitia" title="Thyrotoxicosis factitia">Thyrotoxicosis factitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_storm" title="Thyroid storm">Thyroid storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone_induced_thyrotoxicosis" title="Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis">Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis</a></li> <li>Hyperthyroid myopathy</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graves%27_disease" title="Graves' disease">Graves' disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Signs and symptoms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadie%27s_sign_of_exophthalmic_goiter" title="Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter">Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston%27s_sign" title="Boston's sign">Boston's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalrymple%27s_sign" title="Dalrymple's sign">Dalrymple's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellwag%27s_sign" title="Stellwag's sign">Stellwag's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Graefe%27s_sign" title="Von Graefe's sign">lid lag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffith%27s_sign" title="Griffith's sign">Griffith's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6bius_sign" title="Möbius sign">Möbius sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretibial_myxedema" title="Pretibial myxedema">Pretibial myxedema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graves%27_ophthalmopathy" title="Graves' ophthalmopathy">Graves' ophthalmopathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thyroiditis" title="Thyroiditis">Thyroiditis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_infectious_thyroiditis" title="Acute infectious thyroiditis">Acute infectious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subacute_thyroiditis" title="Subacute thyroiditis">Subacute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain%27s_thyroiditis" title="De Quervain's thyroiditis">De Quervain's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subacute_lymphocytic_thyroiditis" title="Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis">Subacute lymphocytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palpation_thyroiditis" title="Palpation thyroiditis">Palpation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_thyroiditis" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune thyroiditis">Autoimmune</a>/chronic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_thyroiditis" title="Hashimoto's thyroiditis">Hashimoto's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_thyroiditis" title="Postpartum thyroiditis">Postpartum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riedel%27s_thyroiditis" title="Riedel's thyroiditis">Riedel's</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enlargement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Goitre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_goitre" title="Endemic goitre">Endemic goitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_nodular_goiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic nodular goiter">Toxic nodular goiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_multinodular_goiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic multinodular goiter">Toxic multinodular goiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_nodule" title="Thyroid nodule">Thyroid nodule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colloid_nodule" title="Colloid nodule">Colloid nodule</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1395" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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