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Stephen II of Moldavia - Wikipedia

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István moldvai fejedelem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. István moldvai fejedelem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_II_(hospodar_mo%C5%82dawski)" title="Stefan II (hospodar mołdawski) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stefan II (hospodar mołdawski)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tefan_al_II-lea" title="Ștefan al II-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ștefan al II-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Стефан II (господарь Молдавии) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стефан II (господарь Молдавии)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._%C8%98tefan" title="II. Ștefan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Ștefan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Штефан II – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Штефан II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1040397#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prince of Moldavia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Stephen II<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Ștefan al II-lea</span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Moldavia">Prince of Moldavia</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1434 – 13 July 1447</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilia%C8%99_of_Moldavia" title="Iliaș of Moldavia">Iliaș of Moldavia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_II_of_Moldavia" title="Roman II of Moldavia">Roman II of Moldavia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1410</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 July 1447</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Maria<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bogdan-Mu%C8%99at" title="House of Bogdan-Mușat">Bogdan-Mușat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Good" title="Alexander the Good">Alexander the Good</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Stanca</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stephen II</b> (or <b>Ștefan II</b>), (c. 1410<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> – 13 July 1447) was a <a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Moldavia">Prince</a> (<a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Voivode</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>. He ruled alone between September 1434 and August 1435, jointly with <a href="/wiki/Ilia%C8%99_of_Moldavia" title="Iliaș of Moldavia">Iliaș of Moldavia</a> from August 1435 to May 1443, alone from May 1443 to May 1444, in association with his brother <a href="/wiki/Petru_III_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru III of Moldavia">Petru</a> from May 1444 to 1445, and alone until July 1447. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_II_of_Moldavia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Good" title="Alexander the Good">Alexander the Good</a> and a concubine, Stanca. He deposed his brother Iliaș I with the assistance several <a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">boyars</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachian</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Wallachia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Wallachia">Prince</a> <a href="/wiki/Vlad_II_Dracul" title="Vlad II Dracul">Vlad II Dracul</a>. In exchange for <a href="/wiki/Pokuttya" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokuttya">Pokuttya</a> the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1385%E2%80%931569)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Poland (1385–1569)">Poles</a>, to whom Iliaș had pledged his allegiance, also recognised him, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Polish kings">King</a> <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland" title="Władysław III of Poland">Władysław III</a> agreed to capture Iliaș and hold him in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iliaș was eventually freed in 1435, and returned at the head of an army, engaging his brother in several battles; the indecisive one in <i>Podraga</i> or <i>Podagra</i> (the present-day village of Podriga in <a href="/wiki/Dr%C4%83gu%C8%99eni,_Suceava" title="Drăgușeni, Suceava">Drăgușeni</a>) brought Władysław III's mediation: an agreement was reached for Stephen and Iliaș to share the throne, with Stephen as ruler over the southeastern part of Moldavia, in <a href="/wiki/Tecuci" title="Tecuci">Tecuci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiliya,_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiliya, Ukraine">Kilia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaslui" title="Vaslui">Vaslui</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Covurlui" title="Covurlui">Covurlui</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1443, Iliaș breached their agreement, and Stephen caught him and gouged out his eyes. Blinded, Iliaș sought refuge in Poland, while Stephen remained prince, taking as his associate an illegitimate brother, Petru II. He was killed in 1447 by the son of Iliaș, <a href="/wiki/Roman_II_of_Moldavia" title="Roman II of Moldavia">Roman II</a>, who had ensured Polish support during his refuge in Pokuttya.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ilia%C8%99_of_Moldavia" title="Iliaș of Moldavia">Iliaș</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Moldavian_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Moldavian rulers">Prince/Voivode of Moldavia</a> </b><br />1434–1447<br /><i>jointly with <a href="/wiki/Ilia%C8%99_of_Moldavia" title="Iliaș of Moldavia">Iliaș</a> 1435&#8211;1443</i><br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Petru_III_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru III of Moldavia">Petru III</a> 1444&#8211;1445</i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roman_II_of_Moldavia" title="Roman II of Moldavia">Roman II</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_II_of_Moldavia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Stephen II of Moldavia</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Costea_of_Moldavia" title="Costea of Moldavia">Costea of Moldavia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Roman_I_of_Moldavia" title="Roman I of Moldavia">Roman I of Moldavia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander I of Moldavia">Alexander I of Moldavia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margareta_Mu%C8%99ata&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Margareta Mușata (page does not exist)">Margareta Mușata</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Stephen II of Moldavia</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="16" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">3. Stana</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_II_of_Moldavia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/balkan18.html">"Balkan 18"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Balkan+18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenealogy.euweb.cz%2Fbalkan%2Fbalkan18.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+II+of+Moldavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Because his brother, Iliaș, was born in 1409 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/balkan18.html">[1]</a> - it is believed that Stephen was born sometime in the 1410s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xenopol, p. 125-126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ștefănescu, p. 104, 105; Xenopol, p. 125-126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ștefănescu, p. 105; Xenopol, p.127-128</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_II_of_Moldavia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ștefan Ștefănescu, <i>Istoria medie a României</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Vol. I, 1991</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._D._Xenopol" class="mw-redirect" title="A. D. Xenopol">A. D. Xenopol</a>, <i>Istoria romînilor din Dacia Traiană</i>, Vol. III, cap. 3, <a href="/wiki/Ia%C5%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Iaşi">Iaşi</a>, 1896</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐7bd5b689f4‐wkx7g Cached time: 20250108021659 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.250 seconds Real time usage: 0.345 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2288/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20109/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3230/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7362/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.123/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4121601/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 320.561 1 -total 43.46% 139.325 1 Template:Infobox_royalty 25.30% 81.100 1 Template:Reflist 21.90% 70.213 1 Template:Cite_web 21.47% 68.837 1 Template:Infobox_royalty/short_description 16.89% 54.128 1 Template:Short_description 15.42% 49.421 1 Template:Infobox 10.34% 33.147 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 10.34% 33.133 1 Template:Succession_box 8.17% 26.186 9 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:7469812:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250108021659 and revision id 1189136337. 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