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id="toc-Historical_plaques_and_memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_plaques_and_memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Historical plaques and memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_plaques_and_memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invention_of_the_telephone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invention_of_the_telephone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Invention of the telephone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invention_of_the_telephone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Law and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Law and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities_and_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities_and_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Universities and colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities_and_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Secondary schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elementary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elementary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Elementary schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elementary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Online</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Provincial highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture and entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports,_teams_and_tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports,_teams_and_tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports, teams and tournaments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports,_teams_and_tournaments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports, teams and tournaments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports,_teams_and_tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_intercounty_or_major_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_intercounty_or_major_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Current intercounty or major teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_intercounty_or_major_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defunct_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defunct_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Defunct teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defunct_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brantford</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_(%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88)" title="برانتفورد (أونتاريو) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برانتفورد (أونتاريو)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="برنتفورد، اونتاریو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برنتفورد، اونتاریو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Брантфард – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брантфард" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Брантфорд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Брантфорд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_(%CE%9F%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF)" title="Μπράντφορντ (Οντάριο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπράντφορντ (Οντάριο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="برنتفورد، انتاریو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برنتفورد، انتاریو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%9C%ED%8A%B8%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C" title="브랜트퍼드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브랜트퍼드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Բրանտֆորդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրանտֆորդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantfordas" title="Brantfordas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brantfordas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF,_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88" title="برانتفورد, اونتاريو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برانتفورد, اونتاريو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ブラントフォード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブラントフォード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="برینٹفورڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برینٹفورڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Брантфорд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брантфорд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford,_Ontario" title="Brantford, Ontario – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brantford, Ontario" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE)" title="Брантфорд (Онтарио) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брантфорд (Онтарио)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford_(Ontario)" title="Brantford (Ontario) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brantford (Ontario)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford,_Ontario" title="Brantford, Ontario – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Brantford, Ontario" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Брәнтфорд (Канада) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Брәнтфорд (Канада)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Брантфорд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Брантфорд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="برانٹفورڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برانٹفورڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Brantford" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford,_Ontario" title="Brantford, Ontario – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Brantford, Ontario" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford,_Ontario" title="Brantford, Ontario – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Brantford, Ontario" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E7%89%B9%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7" title="布兰特福德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布兰特福德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brantford&params=43_09_25_N_80_15_27_W_region:CA-ON_type:city&title=Brantford"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°09′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°15′27″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.15694°N 80.25750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.15694; -80.25750</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Brantford</span>)</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-cgndbbra_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgndbbra-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Ontario, Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Brantford_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Brantford (disambiguation)">Brantford (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Brentford" title="Brentford">Brentford</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bradford,_Ontario" title="Bradford, Ontario">Bradford, Ontario</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Ontario, Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Brantford</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ontario" title="List of cities in Ontario">City</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario#Single-tier_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">single-tier</a>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Brantford</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brantford_Montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="From top, left to right: Flowerbed outside RBC Building, Statue of Joseph Brant, Colborne Street in Downtown Brantford, Bell Homestead, City Hall, Grand River"><img alt="From top, left to right: Flowerbed outside RBC Building, Statue of Joseph Brant, Colborne Street in Downtown Brantford, Bell Homestead, City Hall, Grand River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brantford_Montage.jpg/250px-Brantford_Montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brantford_Montage.jpg/375px-Brantford_Montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brantford_Montage.jpg/500px-Brantford_Montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="1219" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top, left to right: Flowerbed outside RBC Building, Statue of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Joseph Brant</a>, Colborne Street in Downtown Brantford, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Homestead_National_Historic_Site" title="Bell Homestead National Historic Site">Bell Homestead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brantford_City_Hall" title="Brantford City Hall">City Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_River_(Ontario)" title="Grand River (Ontario)">Grand River</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brantford.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brantford"><img alt="Flag of Brantford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Brantford.png/100px-Flag_of_Brantford.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Brantford.png/150px-Flag_of_Brantford.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Brantford.png/200px-Flag_of_Brantford.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brantford_city_2000_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Brantford"><img alt="Official logo of Brantford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Brantford_city_2000_logo.png/100px-Brantford_city_2000_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Brantford_city_2000_logo.png/150px-Brantford_city_2000_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Brantford_city_2000_logo.png/200px-Brantford_city_2000_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="199" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Southern_Ontario_location_map_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Brantford is located in Southern Ontario"><img alt="Brantford is located in Southern Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Canada_Southern_Ontario_location_map_2.png/200px-Canada_Southern_Ontario_location_map_2.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Canada_Southern_Ontario_location_map_2.png/300px-Canada_Southern_Ontario_location_map_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Canada_Southern_Ontario_location_map_2.png/400px-Canada_Southern_Ontario_location_map_2.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="717" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.861%;left:41.519%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brantford"><img alt="Brantford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div>Brantford</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brantford&params=43_09_25_N_80_15_27_W_region:CA-ON_type:city&title=Brantford"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°09′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°15′27″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.15694°N 80.25750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.15694; -80.25750</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Brantford</span>)</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-cgndbbra_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgndbbra-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Canada">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ontario counties">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Brant" title="County of Brant">Brant</a> (independent)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">May 31, 1877</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Davis_(politician)" title="Kevin Davis (politician)">Kevin Davis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing Body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brantford_City_Council" title="Brantford City Council">Brantford City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">MP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Brock" title="Larry Brock">Larry Brock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">MPP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Will_Bouma" title="Will Bouma">Will Bouma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021census_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">98.65 km<sup>2</sup> (38.09 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,074.00 km<sup>2</sup> (414.67 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">248 m (814 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Canada_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2021 Census">2021</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ontario" title="List of cities in Ontario">City</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario#Single-tier_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">single-tier</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">104,688 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">53rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,061.2/km<sup>2</sup> (2,748/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">144,162 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">30th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">134.2/km<sup>2</sup> (348/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Gross Metropolitan Product<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Brantford <abbr title="Census metropolitan area">CMA</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>6.1<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (EDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_code#Forward_sortation_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian postal code">Forward sortation area</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/List_of_N_postal_codes_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of N postal codes of Canada">N3P to N3V</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_519,_226_and_548" class="mw-redirect" title="Area codes 519, 226 and 548">519, 226, and 548</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantford.ca/">www.brantford.ca</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Brantford</b> (<a href="/wiki/Canada_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2021 Census">2021 population</a>: 104,688<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a city in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada, founded on the <a href="/wiki/Grand_River_(Ontario)" title="Grand River (Ontario)">Grand River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Ontario" title="Southwestern Ontario">Southwestern Ontario</a>. It is surrounded by <a href="/wiki/County_of_Brant" title="County of Brant">Brant County</a> but is politically separate with a municipal government of its own that is fully independent of the county's municipal government.<sup id="cite_ref-brant.ca_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brant.ca-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brantford.ca_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brantford.ca-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brantford is situated on the <a href="/wiki/Haldimand_Tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Haldimand Tract">Haldimand Tract</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is named after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Joseph Brant</a>, a Mohawk leader, soldier, farmer and slave owner.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brant was an important <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalist</a> leader during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> and later, after the Haudenosaunee moved to the Brantford area in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a>. Many of his descendants and other <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> people live on the nearby <a href="/wiki/Six_Nations_of_the_Grand_River" title="Six Nations of the Grand River">Six Nations of the Grand River</a> reserve south of Brantford; it is the most populous reserve in Canada. </p><p>Brantford is known as the "Telephone City" because the city's famous resident, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>, invented the first <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> at his father's homestead, Melville House, now the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Homestead_National_Historic_Site" title="Bell Homestead National Historic Site">Bell Homestead</a>, located in Tutela Heights south of the city. Brantford is also known as the birthplace and hometown of <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Gretzky" title="Wayne Gretzky">Wayne Gretzky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hartman" title="Phil Hartman">Phil Hartman</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Brant_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Joseph_Brant_2.jpg/170px-Joseph_Brant_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Joseph_Brant_2.jpg/255px-Joseph_Brant_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Joseph_Brant_2.jpg/340px-Joseph_Brant_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4665" data-file-height="5597" /></a><figcaption>Thayendanegea or Joseph Brant, Mohawk military and political leader</figcaption></figure> <p>The Iroquoian-speaking Attawandaron, known in English as the <a href="/wiki/Neutral_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral Nation">Neutral Nation</a>, lived in the Grand River valley area before the 17th century; their main village and seat of the chief, <a href="/wiki/Kandoucho" title="Kandoucho">Kandoucho</a>, was identified by 19th-century historians as having been located on the <a href="/wiki/Grand_River_(Ontario)" title="Grand River (Ontario)">Grand River</a> where present-day Brantford developed. This community, like the rest of their settlements, was destroyed when the Iroquois declared war in 1650 over the fur trade and exterminated the Neutral nation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1784, Captain <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Joseph Brant</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk people</a> of the Iroquois Confederacy left New York State for Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a reward for their loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">British Crown</a>, they were given a large land grant, referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Haldimand_Proclamation" title="Haldimand Proclamation">Haldimand Tract</a>, on the Grand River. The original Mohawk settlement was on the south edge of the present-day city at a location favourable for landing canoes. Brant's crossing (or fording) of the river gave the original name to the area: Brant's ford The <a href="/wiki/Glebe_Farm_40B" title="Glebe Farm 40B">Glebe Farm Indian Reserve</a> exists at the original site today. </p><p>The area began to grow from a small settlement in the 1820s as the Hamilton and London Road was improved. By the 1830s, Brantford became a stop on the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a>, and a sizable number of <a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">runaway African-Americans</a> settled in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 1830s to the 1860s – several hundred people of African descent settled in the area around Murray Street, and in <a href="/wiki/Cainsville,_Ontario" title="Cainsville, Ontario">Cainsville</a>. In Brantford, they established their own school and church, now known as the <a href="/wiki/British_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="British Methodist Episcopal Church">S.R. Drake Memorial Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1846, it is estimated 2000 residents lived in the city's core while 5199 lived in the outlying rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were eight churches in Brantford at this time – Episcopal, Presbyterian, Catholic, two Methodist, Baptist, Congregational, and one for the African-Canadian residents.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1847, Europeans began to settle further up the river at a ford in the Grand River and named their village Brantford.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population increased after 1848 when river navigation to Brantford was opened and again in 1854 with the arrival of the railway to Brantford. </p><p>Because of the ease of navigation from new roads and the Grand River, several manufacturing companies could be found in the town by 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-archive_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these factories included Brantford Engine Works, Victoria Foundry and Britannia Foundry.<sup id="cite_ref-archive_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several major farm implement manufacturers, starting with Cockshutt and Harris, opened for business in the 1870s. </p><p>The history of the Brantford region from 1793 to 1920 is described at length in the book <i>At The Forks of The Grand</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Canadian government encouraged the education of First Nations children at <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">residential schools</a>, which were intended to teach them English and European-Canadian ways and assimilate them into the majority cultures. Such institutions in or near Brantford included the Thomas Indian School, <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Institute_Residential_School" title="Mohawk Institute Residential School">Mohawk Institute Residential School</a> (also known as Mohawk Manual Labour School and Mush Hole Indian Residential School), and the Haudenosaunee boarding school. Decades later and particularly since the late 20th century, numerous scholarly and artistic works have explored the detrimental effects of the schools in destroying Native cultures. Examples include Ronald James Douglas' graduate thesis titled <i>Documenting Ethnic Cleansing in North America: Creating Unseen Tears</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Legacy of Hope Foundation's online media collection: "Where are the Children? Healing the Legacy of the Residential Schools".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1945, Brantford became the first city in Canada to fluoridate its water supply.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brantford generated controversy in 2010 when its city council expropriated and demolished 41 historic downtown buildings on the south side of its main street, Colborne Street. The buildings constituted one of the longest blocks of pre-Confederation architecture in Canada and included one of Ontario's first grocery stores and an early 1890s office of the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Canada" title="Bell Canada">Bell Telephone Company of Canada</a>. The decision was widely criticized by Ontario's heritage preservation community, however, the city argued it was needed for downtown renewal.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_plaques_and_memorials">Historical plaques and memorials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical plaques and memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plaques and monuments erected by the provincial and federal governments provide additional glimpses into the early history of the area around Brantford.<sup id="cite_ref-waynecook.com_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waynecook.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The famed Mohawk Chief <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Joseph Brant</a> (Thayendanega) led his people from the Mohawk Valley of New York State to Upper Canada after being allied with the British during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, where they lost their land holdings. A group of 400 settled in 1788 on the Grand River at Mohawk Village which would later become Brantford.<sup id="cite_ref-waynecook.com_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waynecook.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly a century later (1886), the Joseph Brant Memorial would be erected in <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Ontario" title="Burlington, Ontario">Burlington, Ontario</a> in honour of Brant and the Six Nations Confederacy.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Chapel" title="Mohawk Chapel">Mohawk Chapel</a>, built by the British Crown in 1785 for the <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohawk Nation">Mohawk</a> and Iroquois people (Six Nations of the Grand River), was dedicated in 1788 as a reminder of the original agreements made with the British during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-waynecook.com_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waynecook.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1904 the chapel received Royal status by King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> in memory of the longstanding alliance. Her Majesty's Royal Chapel of the Mohawks is an important reminder of the original agreements made with Queen Anne in 1710. It is still in use today as one of two royal Chapels in Canada and the oldest Protestant Church in the province. Joseph Brant and his son John Brant are buried here.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chief <a href="/wiki/John_Brant_(Mohawk_leader)" title="John Brant (Mohawk leader)">John Brant (Mohawk leader)</a> (Ahyonwaeghs) was one of the sons of Joseph Brant.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He fought with the British during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> and later worked to improve the welfare of the First Nations. He was involved in building schools and improving the welfare of his people. Brant initiated the opening of schools and, from 1828, served as the first native Superintendent of the Six Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-waynecook.com_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waynecook.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chief Brant was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for Haldimand in 1830 and was the first aboriginal Canadian in Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The stone and brick Brant County Courthouse was built on land purchased from the Six Nations in 1852. The structure housed courtrooms, county offices, a law library and a gaol. During additions in the 1880s, the Greek Revival style, with Doric columns, was retained.<sup id="cite_ref-waynecook.com_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waynecook.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the most famed residents were <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a> and his family, who arrived in mid 1870 from Scotland while Bell was suffering from tuberculosis. They lived with Bell's father and mother, who had settled in a farmhouse on Tutela Heights (named after the First Nations tribe of the area<sup id="cite_ref-Patten-Bell_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patten-Bell-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later absorbed into Brantford.) Then called Melville House, it is now a museum, the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Homestead_National_Historic_Site" title="Bell Homestead National Historic Site">Bell Homestead National Historic Site</a>. This was the site of the invention of the telephone in 1874 and ongoing trials in 1876. The <a href="/wiki/Bell_Memorial" title="Bell Memorial">Bell Memorial</a>, also known as the Bell Monument, was commissioned to commemorate Bell's <a href="/wiki/Invention_of_the_telephone" title="Invention of the telephone">invention of the telephone</a> in Brantford; it is also one of the <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites of Canada</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invention_of_the_telephone">Invention of the telephone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Invention of the telephone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Graham_Bell_Brantford_Monument_0.98.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Alexander_Graham_Bell_Brantford_Monument_0.98.jpg/220px-Alexander_Graham_Bell_Brantford_Monument_0.98.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Alexander_Graham_Bell_Brantford_Monument_0.98.jpg/330px-Alexander_Graham_Bell_Brantford_Monument_0.98.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Alexander_Graham_Bell_Brantford_Monument_0.98.jpg/440px-Alexander_Graham_Bell_Brantford_Monument_0.98.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bell_Memorial" title="Bell Memorial">Bell Memorial</a>, commemorating the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some articles suggest that the telephone was invented in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, where Alexander Graham Bell did a great deal of work on the development of the device.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Bell confirmed Brantford as the birthplace of the device in a 1906 speech: "the telephone problem was solved, and it was solved at my father's home".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the unveiling of the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Memorial" title="Bell Memorial">Bell Memorial</a> on 24 October 1917, Bell reminded the attendees that "Brantford is right in claiming the invention of the telephone here... [which was] conceived in Brantford in 1874 and born in Boston in 1875" and that "the first transmission to a distance was made between Brantford and <a href="/wiki/Paris,_Ontario" title="Paris, Ontario">Paris</a>" (on 3 August 1876).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well, the second successful voice transmission (over a distance of 6 km; 4 miles) was also made in the area, on 4 August 1876, between the telegraph office in Brantford, Ontario and Bell's father's homestead over makeshift wires.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canada's first telephone factory, created by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cowherd#Earliest_telephone_production" title="Thomas Cowherd">James Cowherd</a>, was located in Brantford and operated from about 1879 until Cowherd's death in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first telephone business office which opened in 1877, not far from the Bell Homestead, was located in what is now Brantford.<sup id="cite_ref-waynecook.com_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waynecook.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combination of events has led to Brantford calling itself "The Telephone City". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_and_government">Law and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Law and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brantford is located within the County of Brant; however, it is a single-tier municipality, politically separate from the county.<sup id="cite_ref-brant.ca_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brant.ca-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brantford.ca_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brantford.ca-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ontario's Municipal Act, 2001</i> defines single-tier municipalities as "a municipality, other than an upper-tier municipality, that does not form part of an upper-tier municipality for municipal purposes."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Single-tier municipalities provide for all local government services.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption>Brantford federal election results<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #6495ED"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">29% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>13,409</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">38% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"><i>17,655</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">21% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>9,956</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">3% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>1,226</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">31% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>14,977</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">38% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"><i>18,058</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">22% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>10,280</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">6% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>2,747</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption>Brantford provincial election results<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">PC</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Ontario" title="Green Party of Ontario">Green</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #9999FF"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Ontario_general_election" title="2022 Ontario general election">2022</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#9999FF">43% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"><i>13,926</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">30% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>9,773</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">13% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>4,252</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">7% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>2,158</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #F4A460"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Ontario_general_election" title="2018 Ontario general election">2018</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#9999FF">39% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"><i>16,473</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">44% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>18,560</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">10% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>4,032</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">4% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>1,860</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>At the federal and provincial levels of government, Brantford is part of the <a href="/wiki/Brant_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brant (electoral district)">Brant riding</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brantford_City_Council" title="Brantford City Council">Brantford City Council</a> is the municipal governing body. As of October 22, 2018, the mayor is <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Davis_(politician)" title="Kevin Davis (politician)">Kevin Davis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety">Safety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brantford's economy was hit hard in the 1980s when farm equipment manufacturers <a href="/wiki/Massey_Ferguson" title="Massey Ferguson">Massey Ferguson</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Farm_Equipment" title="White Farm Equipment">White Farm Equipment</a> closed their local plants.<sup id="cite_ref-BScene_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BScene-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1981, the city's unemployment rate reached 22%.<sup id="cite_ref-BScene_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BScene-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with other small Ontario cities hit by the decline of manufacturing, the community struggled with an increase in social problems.<sup id="cite_ref-BScene_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BScene-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In more recent times, the city was hit hard by the <a href="/wiki/Opioid_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioid crisis">opioid crisis</a>. In 2018, Brantford had the highest rate of emergency department visits for overdose of any city in Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Brantford police reported an overall crime rate of 6,533 incidents per 100,000 population, 59% higher than in Ontario (4,113) and 19% higher than in Canada (5,488).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, <i><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a></i> magazine ranked Brantford as having a higher rate of crime severity than most of the province.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Invention_of_the_telephone" title="Invention of the telephone">electric telephone was invented here</a> leading to the establishment of Canada's first telephone factory here in the 1870s. Brantford developed as an important Canadian industrial centre for the first half of the 20th century, and it was once the third-ranked Canadian city in terms of the cash value of manufactured goods exported. </p><p>The city developed at the deepest navigable point of the Grand River. Because of existing networks, it became a railroad hub of Southern Ontario. The combination of water and rail helped Brantford develop from a farming community into an industrial city with many blue-collar jobs based on the agriculture implementation industry. Major companies included S.C. Johnson Wax, Massey-Harris, Verity Plow, and the <a href="/wiki/Cockshutt_Plow_Company" title="Cockshutt Plow Company">Cockshutt Plow Company</a>. This industry, more than any other, provided the well-paying and steady employment that allowed Brantford to sustain economic growth through most of the 20th century. </p><p>By the 1980s and 1990s, Brantford's economy was in steady decline due to changes in heavy industry and its restructuring. Numerous companies suffered bankruptcies, such as <a href="/wiki/White_Farm_Equipment" title="White Farm Equipment">White Farm Equipment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massey_Ferguson" title="Massey Ferguson">Massey Ferguson</a> (and its successor, Massey Combines Corporation), Koering-Waterous, Harding Carpets, and other manufacturers. The bankruptcies and closures of the businesses left thousands of people unemployed. As a consequence, it became one of the most economically depressed areas in the country, leaving a negative impact on the once-vibrant downtown. </p><p>An economic revival was prompted by the completion of the Brantford-to-<a href="/wiki/Ancaster,_Ontario" title="Ancaster, Ontario">Ancaster</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_403" title="Ontario Highway 403">Highway 403</a> in 1997, bringing companies easy access to <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> and completing a direct route from <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> to <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>. In 2004 <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrero_SpA" title="Ferrero SpA">Ferrero SpA</a> chose to locate in the city. Though Wescast Industries, Inc. recently closed its local foundry, its corporate headquarters will remain in Brantford. <a href="/wiki/S._C._Johnson_%26_Son" title="S. C. Johnson & Son">SC Johnson</a> Canada has their headquarters and a manufacturing plant in Brantford, connected to the Canadian National network. Other companies that have their headquarters here include <a href="/wiki/Gunther_Mele" title="Gunther Mele">Gunther Mele</a> and <a href="/wiki/GreenMantra_Technologies" title="GreenMantra Technologies">GreenMantra Technologies</a>. On February 16, 2005, Brant, including Brantford, was added to the Greater <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Haldimand_County" title="Haldimand County">Haldimand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Ontario" title="Northumberland County, Ontario">Northumberland</a> counties. </p><p>In February 2019, Brantford's unemployment rate stood at 4.6% – lower than Ontario's rate of 5.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brantford has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Dfb</a>) with warm to hot summers and cold, moderately snowy winters, though not severe by Canadian standards. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Brantford (1981−2010 normals, extremes 1960–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.0<br />(21.2) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.4<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.9<br />(16.0) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.0<br />(−22.0) </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.4<br />(−24.5) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.0<br />(−11.2) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.8<br />(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1<br />(22.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.0<br />(19.4) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.0<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.0<br />(−16.6) </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−30.5<br />(−22.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.7<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.1<br />(2.33) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.9<br />(2.71) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.1<br />(3.19) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.9<br />(2.99) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.0<br />(3.74) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0<br />(2.95) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.6<br />(3.41) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.4<br />(3.32) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.1<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">867.3<br />(34.15) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(1.09) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(1.20) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(1.71) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.3<br />(2.57) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.1<br />(3.19) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.9<br />(2.99) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.0<br />(3.74) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0<br />(2.95) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.6<br />(3.41) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.3<br />(3.08) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.8<br />(1.61) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">769.6<br />(30.30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #006A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(10.7) </td> <td style="background: #009700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #16FF16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #009500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(9.5) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">98.4<br />(38.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">135.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">114.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.92 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-climate_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,107</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+305.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,616</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,753</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">16,619</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+30.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_1911_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1911 Census">1911</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,132</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,440</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,107</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,622</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">36,727</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+16.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">55,201</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+50.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">64,421</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">74,315</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">81,997</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Canada_1996_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1996 Census">1996</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">84,764</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2001_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2001 Census">2001</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">86,417</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2006_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2006 Census">2006</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,192</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2011_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2011 Census">2011</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">93,650</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2016 Census">2016</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">98,563</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2021 Census">2021</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">104,688</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census of Population</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>, Brantford had a population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005104688000000000♠"></span>104,688</span> living in <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004416730000000000♠"></span>41,673</span> of its <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004432690000000000♠"></span>43,269</span> total private dwellings, a change of <span data-sort-value="7000621429948357903♠" style="display:none"></span>6.2% from its 2016 population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004985630000000000♠"></span>98,563</span>. With a land area of 98.65 km<sup>2</sup> (38.09 sq mi), it had a population density of <span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7003106120628484541♠"></span>1,061.2/km<sup>2</sup> (2,748.5/sq mi) in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusc_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusc-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Census_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Census metropolitan area">census metropolitan area</a> (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Brantford CMA had a population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005144162000000000♠"></span>144,162</span> living in <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004560030000000000♠"></span>56,003</span> of its <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004580470000000000♠"></span>58,047</span> total private dwellings, a change of <span data-sort-value="7000742084752203751♠" style="display:none"></span>7.4% from its 2016 population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005134203000000000♠"></span>134,203</span>. With a land area of 1,074 km<sup>2</sup> (415 sq mi), it had a population density of <span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002134229050279329♠"></span>134.2/km<sup>2</sup> (347.7/sq mi) in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusCMAb_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusCMAb-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>103,210 people gave their ethnic background on the 2021 census,<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up from 95,780 on the 2016 census.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brantford has the highest proportion of Indigenous people (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Register" title="Indian Register">Status Indians</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario" title="Southern Ontario">Southern Ontario</a>, outside of an <a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Panethnic</a> groups in the City of Brantford (2001−2021) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Panethnic</a><br />group </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2016<sup id="cite_ref-2016census_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016census-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2006<sup id="cite_ref-2006census_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006census-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-2001census_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2001census-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">European</a><sup id="cite_ref-euro_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euro-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>82,015 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001794641992055033♠" style="display:none"></span>79.46% </td> <td>80,945 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001845113802463979♠" style="display:none"></span>84.51% </td> <td>81,035 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001881054634411524♠" style="display:none"></span>88.11% </td> <td>79,205 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001891496426360515♠" style="display:none"></span>89.15% </td> <td>78,115 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001917650513950073♠" style="display:none"></span>91.77% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asian</a> </td> <td>6,070 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000588121306074992♠" style="display:none"></span>5.88% </td> <td>3,115 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000325224472750052♠" style="display:none"></span>3.25% </td> <td>1,640 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000178309323185648♠" style="display:none"></span>1.78% </td> <td>1,660 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000186842253362597♠" style="display:none"></span>1.87% </td> <td>1,245 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000146255506607929♠" style="display:none"></span>1.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous</a> </td> <td>5,415 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000524658463327196♠" style="display:none"></span>5.25% </td> <td>5,395 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000563269993735644♠" style="display:none"></span>5.63% </td> <td>4,090 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000444686055993476♠" style="display:none"></span>4.45% </td> <td>3,440 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000387191175642973♠" style="display:none"></span>3.87% </td> <td>2,475 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000290748898678414♠" style="display:none"></span>2.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Canadian">African</a> </td> <td>3,570 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000345896715434550♠" style="display:none"></span>3.46% </td> <td>2,015 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000210377949467529♠" style="display:none"></span>2.1% </td> <td>1,550 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000168524055449850♠" style="display:none"></span>1.69% </td> <td>1,580 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000177837807417412♠" style="display:none"></span>1.78% </td> <td>1,110 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000130396475770925♠" style="display:none"></span>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a><sup id="cite_ref-SoutheastAsian_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoutheastAsian-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,385 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000231082259470981♠" style="display:none"></span>2.31% </td> <td>1,805 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000188452704113593♠" style="display:none"></span>1.88% </td> <td>1,190 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000129382984506659♠" style="display:none"></span>1.29% </td> <td>1,195 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000134503911306207♠" style="display:none"></span>1.35% </td> <td>1,045 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000122760646108663♠" style="display:none"></span>1.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Canadians" title="East Asian Canadians">East Asian</a><sup id="cite_ref-EastAsian_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EastAsian-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,020 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999988276329813002♠" style="display:none"></span>0.99% </td> <td>1,065 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000111192315723533♠" style="display:none"></span>1.11% </td> <td>1,090 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000118510464800217♠" style="display:none"></span>1.19% </td> <td>940 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000105802239855928♠" style="display:none"></span>1.06% </td> <td>670 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999787077826725403♠" style="display:none"></span>0.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Canadians" title="Middle Eastern Canadians">Middle Eastern</a><sup id="cite_ref-MiddleEastern_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiddleEastern-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>910 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999881697509931208♠" style="display:none"></span>0.88% </td> <td>490 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999511589058258509♠" style="display:none"></span>0.51% </td> <td>655 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999712150040771948♠" style="display:none"></span>0.71% </td> <td>115 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999129438910462040♠" style="display:none"></span>0.13% </td> <td>140 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999164464023494860♠" style="display:none"></span>0.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Canadians" title="Latin American Canadians">Latin American</a> </td> <td>905 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999876853018118399♠" style="display:none"></span>0.88% </td> <td>445 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999464606389642931♠" style="display:none"></span>0.46% </td> <td>365 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999396846969285131♠" style="display:none"></span>0.4% </td> <td>360 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999405200067533344♠" style="display:none"></span>0.41% </td> <td>140 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999164464023494860♠" style="display:none"></span>0.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other<sup id="cite_ref-Other_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Other-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>920 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999891386493556825♠" style="display:none"></span>0.89% </td> <td>510 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999532470244309876♠" style="display:none"></span>0.53% </td> <td>355 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999385974449578689♠" style="display:none"></span>0.39% </td> <td>245 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999275761157071303♠" style="display:none"></span>0.28% </td> <td>190 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999223201174743024♠" style="display:none"></span>0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total responses </th> <th>103,210 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001985881858474705♠" style="display:none"></span>98.59% </th> <th>95,780 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001982399277919094♠" style="display:none"></span>98.24% </th> <th>91,975 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001982114255205552♠" style="display:none"></span>98.21% </th> <th>88,845 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001985065194252261♠" style="display:none"></span>98.51% </th> <th>85,125 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001985049237997153♠" style="display:none"></span>98.5% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>104,688 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>97,496 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>93,650 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>90,192 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>86,417 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 51.8% of residents were <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, down from 64.8% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 22.2% of residents were <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, 17.6% were <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a>, and 7.7% were Christian not otherwise specified. All other Christian denominations and Christian-related traditions accounted for 4.1% of the population. 40.4% of residents had no religion, up from 31.6% in 2011. All other religions and spiritual traditions make up 8.1% of the population. The largest non-Christian religions were <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (2.6%), <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (2.0%), <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (1.7%) and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.5%). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brantford has been used as a filming location for TV and films. </p> <ul><li>The television series <i><a href="/wiki/Murdoch_Mysteries" title="Murdoch Mysteries">Murdoch Mysteries</a></i> has used the Carnegie Building, now part of Wilfrid Laurier University's Brantford campus, as the courthouse.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruby_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruby-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interior of the Sanderson Centre for the Performing Arts has also been featured in the series.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruby_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruby-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brantfordexpositor.ca_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brantfordexpositor.ca-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Victoria Park and many of the older homes along Dalhousie and George streets have been used for shot locations.<sup id="cite_ref-brantfordexpositor.ca_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brantfordexpositor.ca-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_(TV_series)" title="The Boys (TV series)">The Boys</a></i> third season was partially filmed in Brantford during the spring of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Brantford.ca_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brantford.ca-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The television series <a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale_(TV_series)" title="The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)"><i>The Handmaid's Tale</i></a> had several locations filmed in Brantford during 2018, 2020 and 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Several movies have had scenes shot at the <a href="/wiki/Brantford_Airport" title="Brantford Airport">Brantford Airport</a>, including <i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Mooseport" title="Welcome to Mooseport">Welcome to Mooseport</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Where_the_Truth_Lies" title="Where the Truth Lies">Where the Truth Lies</a></i>. Many <i><a href="/wiki/Mayday_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="Mayday (Canadian TV series)">Mayday</a></i> episodes have also been filmed there.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>An episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Due_South" title="Due South">Due South</a></i>, "Dr. Long Ball", was filmed at <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Anderson_Stadium" title="Arnold Anderson Stadium">Arnold Anderson Stadium</a> in Cockshutt Park.</li> <li>Brantford's downtown provided locations for <i><a href="/wiki/Weirdsville" title="Weirdsville">Weirdsville</a></i> in 2006 and "<a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_(film)" title="Silent Hill (film)">Silent Hill</a>" in 2005. Many area residents<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> observed that little work had to be done to make downtown look decayed and haunted.</li> <li>Brantford's Sanderson Centre for the Performing Arts was used as "The Rose" mainstage theatre of the "New Burbage Festival" in the series <i><a href="/wiki/Slings_%26_Arrows" title="Slings & Arrows">Slings & Arrows</a>.</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Statistics from the <a href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2016 Census">Federal 2016 Census</a> indicated that 54.1% of Brantford's adult residents (ages 25 to 64) had earned either a post-secondary certificate, diploma, or university degree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_colleges">Universities and colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Universities and colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nipissing_University_Brantford_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nipissing_University_Brantford_Campus.jpg/220px-Nipissing_University_Brantford_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nipissing_University_Brantford_Campus.jpg/330px-Nipissing_University_Brantford_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nipissing_University_Brantford_Campus.jpg/440px-Nipissing_University_Brantford_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3903" data-file-height="2206" /></a><figcaption>Brantford campus of <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_University" title="Nipissing University">Nipissing University</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Several post-secondary institutions have facilities in Brantford. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurier_Brantford" title="Laurier Brantford">Laurier Brantford</a>, a campus of Wilfrid Laurier University, offers a variety of programs at their downtown campus.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2013–14 enrollment is 2,800 full-time students. <ul><li>The Faculty of Liberal Arts includes Contemporary Studies, Journalism, History, English, Youth and Children's Studies, Human Rights and Human Diversity, Languages at Brantford and Law and Society programs. The Faculty of Human and Social Sciences includes Criminology, Health Studies, Psychology and Leadership.</li> <li>The Faculty of Social Work includes the Bachelor of Social Work.</li> <li>The Faculty of Graduate and Post-Doctoral Studies includes Social Justice and Community Engagement (MA) and Criminology (MA)</li> <li>The School of Business and Economics includes Business Technology Management.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Nations_Polytechnic" title="Six Nations Polytechnic">Six Nations Polytechnic</a> operates out of the former <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_College" title="Mohawk College">Mohawk College</a> campus.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school offers various 2-year college programs from their campus in Brantford. They also have a campus on the nearby <a href="/wiki/Six_Nations_of_the_Grand_River" title="Six Nations of the Grand River">Six Nations of the Grand River</a>, catering to mostly university programs.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipissing_University" title="Nipissing University">Nipissing University</a>, in partnership with Laurier Brantford, offers the Concurrent Education program in Brantford. In five years, students earn an Honours Bachelor of Arts in Society, Culture & Environment from Laurier Brantford and a Bachelor of Education from Nipissing University.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2013–14 academic year there were 70 full-time and 100 part-time students in the program.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conestoga_College" title="Conestoga College">Conestoga College</a> offers academic programming in Brantford's downtown core in partnership with Wilfrid Laurier University and its Laurier Brantford campus. Conestoga College offers diplomas in Business and Health Office Administration, a graduate certificate in Human Resources Management, and a certificate in Medical Office Practice in Brantford.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This program has 120 full-time students in the 2013–14 academic year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_College" title="Mohawk College">Mohawk College</a> had a satellite campus; however, the college ceased operations in Brantford and transferred the property to <a href="/wiki/Six_Nations_Polytechnic" title="Six Nations Polytechnic">Six Nations Polytechnic</a> at the end of the 2013–14 academic year.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_schools">Secondary schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Secondary schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public education in the area is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Erie_District_School_Board" title="Grand Erie District School Board">Grand Erie District School Board</a>, and Catholic education is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Brant_Haldimand_Norfolk_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board">Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_College_School_(Brantford)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption College School (Brantford)">Assumption College School</a> (Catholic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Collegiate_Institute" title="Brantford Collegiate Institute">Brantford Collegiate Institute</a> – successor to Brantford Grammar School (c. 1852) and Brantford High School (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1871).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Park_Collegiate_%26_Vocational_School" class="mw-redirect" title="North Park Collegiate & Vocational School">North Park Collegiate & Vocational School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Johnson_Collegiate_%26_Vocational_School" title="Pauline Johnson Collegiate & Vocational School">Pauline Johnson Collegiate & Vocational School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College_(Brantford)" title="St. John's College (Brantford)">St. John's College</a> (Catholic)</li> <li>Tollgate Technological Skills Centre (formerly known as Herman E. Fawcett)</li> <li>Grand Erie Learning Alternatives (GELA)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elementary_schools">Elementary schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Elementary schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public education in the area is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Erie_District_School_Board" title="Grand Erie District School Board">Grand Erie District School Board</a>, and Catholic education is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Brant_Haldimand_Norfolk_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board">Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_de_district_catholique_Centre-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud">Conseil Scolaire de District Catholique Centre-Sud</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/W._Ross_Macdonald_School" title="W. Ross Macdonald School">W. Ross Macdonald School</a> for <a href="/wiki/Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">blind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deafblindness" title="Deafblindness">deafblind</a> students is located in Brantford.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Institute_Residential_School" title="Mohawk Institute Residential School">Mohawk Institute Residential School</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Indian residential school">Canadian Indian residential school</a>, was located in Brantford. It was closed after emphasis on educating children in their home communities and encouraging their own cultures, in part because of reporting of abuses at such facilities.</li> <li>Braemar House School is a private elementary school in Brantford offering diverse Montessori and Elementary School curricula.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online">Online</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Online"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>BTOWN</i> is a free <a href="/wiki/Alternative_newspaper" title="Alternative newspaper">alternative online magazine</a> which highlights people, projects and events in the Brantford area.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>, started in 1852, is published by Sun Media Corp. six days a week (excluding Sundays). </p><p>The <i>Brant News</i> was a weekly paper, delivered Thursdays until 2018; it publishes breaking news online at their website,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is published by <a href="/wiki/Metroland_Media_Group" title="Metroland Media Group">Metroland Media Group</a>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Two_Row_Times" title="Two Row Times">Two Row Times</a>,</i> a Free weekly paper started in 2013, is published on Wednesdays, delivered to every reservation in Ontario and globally online at their website,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published by Garlow Media. </p><p>BScene, a Free community paper founded in 2014, is published monthly and distributed locally throughout Brantford and Brant County via local businesses and community centers, It can also be viewed online at their website.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Independently published. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AM 1380 – <a href="/wiki/CKPC_(AM)" title="CKPC (AM)">CKPC (AM)</a>, religious</li> <li>FM 92.1 – <a href="/wiki/CKPC-FM" title="CKPC-FM">CKPC-FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult contemporary">adult contemporary</a></li> <li>FM 93.9 – <a href="/wiki/CFWC-FM" title="CFWC-FM">CFWC-FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brantford's only local television service comes from <a href="/wiki/Rogers_TV" title="Rogers TV">Rogers TV</a> (cable 20), a local <a href="/wiki/Community_channel_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Community channel (Canada)">community channel</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Cable" title="Rogers Cable">Rogers Cable</a>. Otherwise, Brantford is served by stations from <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Airport" title="Brantford Airport">Brantford Municipal Airport</a> is located west of the city. It hosts an annual <a href="/wiki/Air_show" title="Air show">air show</a> featuring the <a href="/wiki/Snowbirds_(aerobatic_team)" title="Snowbirds (aerobatic team)">Snowbirds</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hamilton/John_C._Munro_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton/John C. Munro International Airport">John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport</a> in Hamilton is located about 35 km (20 miles) east of Brantford. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Pearson_International_Airport" title="Toronto Pearson International Airport">Toronto Pearson International Airport</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Mississauga,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississauga, Ontario">Mississauga</a>, about 100 km (60 miles) northeast of Brantford. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brantford_station" title="Brantford station">Brantford station</a> is located just north of downtown Brantford. <a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a> has daily passenger trains on the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City-Windsor_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City-Windsor Corridor">Quebec City-Windsor Corridor</a>. Trains also stop at <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Toronto)" title="Union Station (Toronto)">Union Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>. </p><p>Street rail began in Brantford in 1886 with horse-drawn carriages; by 1893, this system had been converted to electric. The City of Brantford took over these operations in 1914. Around 1936, it began to replace the electric street car system with gas-run buses, and by the end of 1939, the changeover was complete.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Transit" title="Brantford Transit">Brantford Transit</a> serves the city with nine regular routes operating on a half-hour schedule from the downtown Transit Terminal on Darling Street, with additional school service.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GO_Transit" title="GO Transit">GO</a> bus service between downtown Brantford and <a href="/wiki/Aldershot_GO_Station" title="Aldershot GO Station">Aldershot GO Station</a> in Burlington, stopping at <a href="/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University">McMaster University</a>.</li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Demand_responsive_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Demand responsive transport">on-demand</a> service, Brant eRide, provides service to <a href="/wiki/Paris,_Ontario" title="Paris, Ontario">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._George,_Ontario" title="St. George, Ontario">St. George</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Burford,_Ontario" title="Burford, Ontario">Burford</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provincial_highways">Provincial highways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Provincial highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_403" title="Ontario Highway 403">Highway 403</a>, East to Hamilton, West to Woodstock.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_24_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 24 (Ontario)">Highway 24</a>, North to Cambridge, South to Simcoe.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are at least 18 km (11 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Bikeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikeway">bikeways</a> in Brantford.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some planned street redesigns which include protected bike lanes and <a href="/wiki/Multi-use_trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-use trail">multi-use trails</a>, which as of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> are in the public consultation phase.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some former rail lines serving Brantford have been converted to <a href="/wiki/Rail_trail" title="Rail trail">rail trails</a>, which allow for intercommunity cycling connections to the north, south, and east. This includes the <a href="/wiki/SC_Johnson_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="SC Johnson Trail">SC Johnson Trail</a> to Paris (with further connections north to Cambridge and beyond)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_to_Brantford_Rail_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton to Brantford Rail Trail">Hamilton to Brantford Rail Trail</a>, which provides a connection east to Hamilton through <a href="/wiki/Dundas,_Ontario" title="Dundas, Ontario">Dundas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerseyville,_Ontario" title="Jerseyville, Ontario">Jerseyville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twin rail trails, the LE&N Trail and TH&B Trail, connect south to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Brant_County,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Pleasant, Brant County, Ontario">Mount Pleasant</a>, where they connect further south ultimately to <a href="/wiki/Port_Dover,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Dover, Ontario">Port Dover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_entertainment">Culture and entertainment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Culture and entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armory,_Brantford.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Armory%2C_Brantford.JPG/220px-Armory%2C_Brantford.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Armory%2C_Brantford.JPG/330px-Armory%2C_Brantford.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Armory%2C_Brantford.JPG/440px-Armory%2C_Brantford.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Armoury</figcaption></figure> <p>Local museums include the Bell Homestead, Woodland Cultural Centre,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brant Museum and Archives,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian Military Heritage Museum<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Personal_Computer_Museum" title="Personal Computer Museum">Personal Computer Museum</a>. </p><p>Annual events include the "Brantford International Villages Festival" in July;<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "Brantford Kinsmen Annual Ribfest" in August;<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "Chili Willy Cook-Off" in February; the "Frosty Fest", a Church festival held in winter;<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bell Summer Theatre Festival,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> takes place from Canada Day to Labour Day at the Bell Homestead </p><p>Brantford is the home of several theatre groups including Brant Theatre Workshops,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dufferin Players, His Majesty's players, ICHTHYS Theatre, Stage 88, Theatre Brantford and Whimsical Players. </p><p>Brantford has a casino, <a href="/wiki/Elements_Casino_Brantford" title="Elements Casino Brantford">Elements Casino Brantford</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sanderson_Centre" title="The Sanderson Centre">The Sanderson Centre</a> for the Performing Arts is a local performance venue.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports,_teams_and_tournaments"><span id="Sports.2C_teams_and_tournaments"></span>Sports, teams and tournaments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sports, teams and tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a> in Brantford organized individual and team sports, led by <a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Crocker" title="J. Howard Crocker">J. Howard Crocker</a> from 1908 to 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included intercity basketball competitions,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Junior_ice_hockey" title="Junior ice hockey">junior ice hockey</a> league,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a junior baseball league.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also an annual <a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">racewalking</a> event sponsored by the <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-apr-16-1910_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apr-16-1910-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Brantford-to-<a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a> marathon race.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1910, Brantford hosted the YMCA national athletics championships.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_intercounty_or_major_teams">Current intercounty or major teams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Current intercounty or major teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Red_Sox" title="Brantford Red Sox">Brantford Red Sox</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Intercounty_Baseball_League" title="Intercounty Baseball League">Intercounty Baseball League</a> who play at Arnold Anderson Stadium.</li> <li>Brantford Jr. Red Sox of the Junior Intercounty Baseball League who also play at Arnold Anderson Stadium.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Blast" title="Brantford Blast">Brantford Blast</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Allan_Cup_Hockey" title="Allan Cup Hockey">Allan Cup Hockey</a> League who play at the <a href="/wiki/Brantford_Civic_Centre" title="Brantford Civic Centre">Brantford Civic Centre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Bulldogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Brantford Bulldogs">Brantford Bulldogs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Hockey_League" title="Ontario Hockey League">Ontario Hockey League</a> who also play at the Brantford Civic Centre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_99ers" title="Brantford 99ers">Brantford 99ers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Junior_Hockey_League" title="Ontario Junior Hockey League">Ontario Junior Hockey League</a> who play at the Wayne Gretzky Sports Centre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Bandits" class="mw-redirect" title="Brantford Bandits">Brantford Bandits</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Ontario_Junior_Hockey_League" title="Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League">Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League</a> who also play at the Wayne Gretzky Sports Centre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Galaxy_SC" class="mw-redirect" title="Brantford Galaxy SC">Brantford Galaxy SC</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Soccer_League" title="Canadian Soccer League">Canadian Soccer League</a> who play at Lion's Park.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Harlequins" title="Brantford Harlequins">Brantford Harlequins</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Rugby_Union" title="Ontario Rugby Union">Ontario Rugby Union</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defunct_teams">Defunct teams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Defunct teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Alexanders" title="Brantford Alexanders">Brantford Alexanders</a> (1976 to 1978), a former team of the Senior Ontario Hockey Association who played at the Brantford Civic Centre. Won <a href="/wiki/1978_Allan_Cup" title="1978 Allan Cup">1978 Allan Cup</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Motts_Clamatos" title="Brantford Motts Clamatos">Brantford Motts Clamatos</a>. Won <a href="/wiki/1987_Allan_Cup" title="1987 Allan Cup">1987 Allan Cup</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Golden_Eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="Brantford Golden Eagles">Brantford Golden Eagles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Ontario_Junior_Hockey_League" title="Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League">Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League</a>, moved in 2012 to become <a href="/wiki/Caledonia_Corvairs" title="Caledonia Corvairs">Caledonia Corvairs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Alexanders" title="Brantford Alexanders">Brantford Alexanders</a> (1978 to 1984), a former team of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Hockey_League" title="Ontario Hockey League">Ontario Hockey League</a> who played at the Brantford Civic Centre. They are now the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Otters" title="Erie Otters">Erie Otters</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Smoke" title="Brantford Smoke">Brantford Smoke</a> (1991–1998) of the CoHL, <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Hockey League">Colonial Hockey League</a> who played at the Brantford Civic Centre. The team moved to Asheville in 1998.</li> <li>Brantford Blaze of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Basketball_League" title="Canadian National Basketball League">Canadian National Basketball League</a> played only a few exhibition games in 2003–04.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Wayne Gretzky International Hockey Tournament,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which celebrated its 9th anniversary in 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is held in Brantford annually.</li> <li>Brantford hosted and won the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Allan_Cup" title="Allan Cup">Allan Cup</a>, which celebrated the 100th anniversary of the event.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The city served as the pre-season camp and facility for the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins" title="Pittsburgh Penguins">Pittsburgh Penguins</a> during the late 1960s, hosting the franchise's first preseason training camp and its first preseason exhibition game.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Walter Gretzky Street Hockey Tournament, which celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2016, is held in Brantford annually. In 2010, the tournament was recognized and established a Guinness World Record for the largest Street Hockey Tournament in the world, with 205 teams and just over 2,096 participants.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Brantford" title="List of people from Brantford">List of people from Brantford</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brantford is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Ostrów Wielkopolski">Ostrów Wielkopolski</a>, Poland<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kamianets-Podilskyi" title="Kamianets-Podilskyi">Kamianets-Podilskyi</a>, Ukraine<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brant_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brant (electoral district)">Brant (electoral district)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford_City_Council" title="Brantford City Council">Brantford City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Brantford,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Brantford, Ontario">List of mayors of Brantford, Ontario</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-euro-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euro_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SoutheastAsian-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SoutheastAsian_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EastAsian-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EastAsian_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MiddleEastern-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MiddleEastern_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Other-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Other_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, <abbr title="not included elsewhere">n.i.e.</abbr>" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cgndbbra-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cgndbbra_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FALJI">"Brantford"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GeoBase_(geospatial_data)#Geographical_Names_Data_Base" title="GeoBase (geospatial data)">Geographical Names Data Base</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Canada" title="Natural Resources Canada">Natural Resources Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brantford&rft.btitle=Geographical+Names+Data+Base&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%3Fid%3DFALJI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021census-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Brantford&DGUIDlist=2021A00053529006&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">"Brantford Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. February 9, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222202849/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Brantford&DGUIDlist=2021A00053529006&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Brantford+Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3DBrantford%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A00053529006%26GENDERlist%3D1%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26HEADERlist%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Brantford&DGUIDlist=2021S0503543&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">"Brantford Ontario [Census metropolitan area] Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. February 9, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222203622/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Brantford&DGUIDlist=2021S0503543&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Brantford+Ontario+%5BCensus+metropolitan+area%5D+Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3DBrantford%26DGUIDlist%3D2021S0503543%26GENDERlist%3D1%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26HEADERlist%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2019&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2020&referencePeriods=20190101%2C20200101">"Statistics Canada. Table 36-10-0468-01 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA) (x 1,000,000)"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Statistics+Canada.+Table+36-10-0468-01+Gross+domestic+product+%28GDP%29+at+basic+prices%2C+by+census+metropolitan+area+%28CMA%29+%28x+1%2C000%2C000%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D3610046801%26cubeTimeFrame.startYear%3D2019%26cubeTimeFrame.endYear%3D2020%26referencePeriods%3D20190101%252C20200101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brant.ca-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brant.ca_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brant.ca_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407144010/http://www.brant.ca/en/county-government/Proposed-Boundary-Adjustment.asp">"Proposed Boundary Adjustment"</a>. <i>Brant.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brant.ca/en/county-government/Proposed-Boundary-Adjustment.asp">the original</a> on April 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brant.ca&rft.atitle=Proposed+Boundary+Adjustment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brant.ca%2Fen%2Fcounty-government%2FProposed-Boundary-Adjustment.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brantford.ca-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brantford.ca_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brantford.ca_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantford.ca/govt/council/members/Pages/default.aspx">"Members of Council"</a>. <i>Brantford.ca</i>. March 21, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110213221707/http://www.brantford.ca/govt/council/members/Pages/default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brantford.ca&rft.atitle=Members+of+Council&rft.date=2019-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantford.ca%2Fgovt%2Fcouncil%2Fmembers%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180402221234/http://www.brant.ca/en/county-government/councillors-and-wards.asp">"Councillors and Wards – County of Brant"</a>. <i>Brant.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brant.ca/en/county-government/councillors-and-wards.asp">the original</a> on April 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brant.ca&rft.atitle=Councillors+and+Wards+%E2%80%93+County+of+Brant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brant.ca%2Fen%2Fcounty-government%2Fcouncillors-and-wards.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grandrivercountry.org/haldimand-tract/">"Haldimand Tract"</a>. <i>Grand River Country</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709151336/http://grandrivercountry.org/haldimand-tract/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=Ontario+city+to+demolish+historic+street%2C+despite+Ottawa%27s+objection&rft.date=2010-06-08&rft.aulast=Blaze+Carlson&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fontario-city-seeks-to-demolish-historic-street-despite-ottawas-objection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkes2010" class="citation news cs1">Wilkes, Jim (June 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/ontario/2010/06/08/demolition_of_historic_buildings_begins_in_brantford.html">"Demolition of historic buildings begins in Brantford"</a>. <i>The Toronto Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220208221212/https://www.thestar.com/news/ontario/2010/06/08/demolition_of_historic_buildings_begins_in_brantford.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Waynecook.com&rft.atitle=Historical+Plaques+of+Brant+County&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waynecook.com%2Fabrant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Brant19.html">"Thayendanega (Joseph Brant) Historical Plaque"</a>. <i>ontarioplaques.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821103306/http://ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Brant19.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Mohawk+Chapel&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmohawkchapel.ca%2Fhtml%2Fhistory-of-mohawk-chapel.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013014253/http://www.eighteentwelve.ca/?q=eng%2FTopic%2F104">"War of 1812"</a>. <i>Eighteentwelve.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteentwelve.ca/?q=eng/Topic/104">the original</a> on October 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eighteentwelve.ca&rft.atitle=War+of+1812&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eighteentwelve.ca%2F%3Fq%3Deng%2FTopic%2F104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vitacollections.ca/sixnationsarchive/2687515/data">"Ahyouwaighs, Chief of the Six Nations 1838"</a>. <i>vitacollections.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170408171621/http://vitacollections.ca/sixnationsarchive/2687515/data">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vitacollections.ca&rft.atitle=Ahyouwaighs%2C+Chief+of+the+Six+Nations+1838&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvitacollections.ca%2Fsixnationsarchive%2F2687515%2Fdata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patten-Bell-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patten-Bell_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patten, William; Bell, Alexander Melville. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4KzVAAAAMAAJ">Pioneering The Telephone In Canada</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101083924/https://books.google.com/books?id=4KzVAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> 2016-01-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Montreal: Herald Press, 1926, pg.7. (Note: Patten's full name as published is William Patten, not Gulielmus Patten as stated at Google Books)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaughton" class="citation web cs1">Haughton, Robert N. E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telecommunications.ca/alexander-graham-bell-invention-telephone.htm">"Alexander Graham Bell and the Invention of the Telephone"</a>. <i>Telecommunications.ca</i>. The Telecommunications Mosaic: An Introduction to the Information Age. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160725232834/http://www.telecommunications.ca/alexander-graham-bell-invention-telephone.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telecommunications.ca&rft.atitle=Alexander+Graham+Bell+and+the+Invention+of+the+Telephone&rft.aulast=Haughton&rft.aufirst=Robert+N.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telecommunications.ca%2Falexander-graham-bell-invention-telephone.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReville1920" class="citation book cs1">Reville, F. Douglas (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brantford.library.on.ca/files/pdfs/localhistory/reville1.pdf"><i>History of the County of Brant</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Brantford, Ontario: Hurley. p. 315. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412093913/https://brantford.library.on.ca/files/pdfs/localhistory/reville1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+County+of+Brant&rft.place=Brantford%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=Hurley&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Reville&rft.aufirst=F.+Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrantford.library.on.ca%2Ffiles%2Fpdfs%2Flocalhistory%2Freville1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223180354/http://brantford.library.on.ca/files/pdfs/localhistory/bellmemorial.pdf">"The Unveiling of the Bell Memorial"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Brantford.library.on.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brantford.library.on.ca/files/pdfs/localhistory/bellmemorial.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brantford.library.on.ca&rft.atitle=The+Unveiling+of+the+Bell+Memorial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrantford.library.on.ca%2Ffiles%2Fpdfs%2Flocalhistory%2Fbellmemorial.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reville, F. Douglas. History of the County of Brant Vol. 1. Brantford, ON: Brant Historical Society, Hurley Printing, 1920/. PDF pp. 187–197, or document pp. 308–322. (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407054357/http://www.brantford.ca/residents/WorkingLearning/Learning/BrantfordHistory/Pages/AlexanderGrahamBellBrantford.aspx">"Alexander Graham Bell & Brantford"</a>. <i>Brantford.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantford.ca/residents/WorkingLearning/Learning/BrantfordHistory/Pages/AlexanderGrahamBellBrantford.aspx">the original</a> on April 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brantford.ca&rft.atitle=Alexander+Graham+Bell+%26+Brantford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantford.ca%2Fresidents%2FWorkingLearning%2FLearning%2FBrantfordHistory%2FPages%2FAlexanderGrahamBellBrantford.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacLeod, Elizabeth (1999). Alexander Graham Bell: An Inventive Life. Toronto, Ontario: Kids Can Press. p. 14 to 19. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55074-456-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55074-456-9">1-55074-456-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/histoires_de_chez_nous-community_memories/pm_v2.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000267&sl=7681&pos=1">"Evolution of Telecommunications"</a>. <i>Virtualmuseum.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170304223703/http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/histoires_de_chez_nous-community_memories/pm_v2.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000267&sl=7681&pos=1">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virtualmuseum.ca&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+Telecommunications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virtualmuseum.ca%2Fsgc-cms%2Fhistoires_de_chez_nous-community_memories%2Fpm_v2.php%3Fid%3Dstory_line%26lg%3DEnglish%26fl%3D0%26ex%3D00000267%26sl%3D7681%26pos%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2017" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Robert P. (October 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QNJGAFkdY40C&q=canada%27s+first+telephone+factory+brantford+cowherd&pg=PA48"><i>The Early Development of Radio in Canada, 1901–1930: An Illustrated History of Canada's Radio Pioneers, Broadcast Receiver Manufacturers, and Their Products</i></a>. Sonoran Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781886606203" title="Special:BookSources/9781886606203"><bdi>9781886606203</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011070319/https://books.google.com/books?id=QNJGAFkdY40C&q=canada%27s+first+telephone+factory+brantford+cowherd&pg=PA48">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%3A+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories%2C+census+metropolitan+areas+and+census+agglomerations&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D9810000501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021censusB-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021censusB_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021censusB_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2022" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Brantford&DGUIDlist=2021A00053529006&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population&rft.date=2022-10-26&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3DBrantford%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A00053529006%26GENDERlist%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26HEADERlist%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3529006&Geo2=CD&Code2=3529&Data=Count&SearchText=brantford&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1">"Brantford (City) community profile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2016 Census">2016 Census data</a></i>. Statistics Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180111064210/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3529006&Geo2=CD&Code2=3529&Data=Count&SearchText=brantford&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2016+Census+data&rft.atitle=Brantford+%28City%29+community+profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3529006%26Geo2%3DCD%26Code2%3D3529%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3Dbrantford%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DVisible%2520minority%26TABID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusmapper.ca/maps/new#8/43.758/-80.322">"Census Mapper (Status Indians)"</a>. <i>Census Mapper</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013014415/https://censusmapper.ca/maps/new#8/43.758/-80.322">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+Mapper&rft.atitle=Census+Mapper+%28Status+Indians%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusmapper.ca%2Fmaps%2Fnew%238%2F43.758%2F-80.322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016census-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2016census_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2021" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3529006&Geo2=CD&Code2=3529&SearchText=Brantford&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0">"Census Profile, 2016 Census"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3529006%26Geo2%3DCD%26Code2%3D3529%26SearchText%3DBrantford%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011census-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011census_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2015" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3529006&Data=Count&SearchText=Brantford&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1">"NHS Profile"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=NHS+Profile&rft.date=2015-11-27&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fnhs-enm%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3529006%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DBrantford%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26A1%3DAll%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D%26TABID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006census-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2006census_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2019" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3529006&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Brantford&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=">"2006 Community Profiles"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=2006+Community+Profiles&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2006%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2F92-591%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3529006%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DBrantford%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2001census-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2001census_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2019" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (July 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3529006&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Brantford&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=">"2001 Community Profiles"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=2001+Community+Profiles&rft.date=2019-07-02&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fenglish%2FProfil01%2FCP01%2FDetails%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3529006%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DBrantford%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=brantford&DGUIDlist=2021A00053529006&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">"2021 Census Profile- Brantford, City"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. February 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Profile-+Brantford%2C+City&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3Dbrantford%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A00053529006%26GENDERlist%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26HEADERlist%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3529006&Data=Count&SearchText=brantford&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1#archived">"NHS Profile, Brantford, CY, Ontario, 2011"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. May 8, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=NHS+Profile%2C+Brantford%2C+CY%2C+Ontario%2C+2011&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fnhs-enm%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3529006%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3Dbrantford%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26A1%3DAll%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D%26TABID%3D1%23archived&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruby-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ruby_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruby_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuby2012" class="citation news cs1">Ruby, Michelle (August 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226074643/http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/2012/08/28/murdoch-mysteries-filming-in-brantford">"Murdoch Mysteries filming in Brantford"</a>. <i>The Expositor</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/2012/08/28/murdoch-mysteries-filming-in-brantford">the original</a> on February 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Expositor&rft.atitle=Murdoch+Mysteries+filming+in+Brantford&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft.aulast=Ruby&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantfordexpositor.ca%2F2012%2F08%2F28%2Fmurdoch-mysteries-filming-in-brantford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brantfordexpositor.ca-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brantfordexpositor.ca_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brantfordexpositor.ca_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuby2013" class="citation news cs1">Ruby, Michelle (October 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226184142/http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/2013/10/01/no-mystery-murdoch-is-popular">"No mystery Murdoch is popular"</a>. <i>The Expositor</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/2013/10/01/no-mystery-murdoch-is-popular">the original</a> on February 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Expositor&rft.atitle=No+mystery+Murdoch+is+popular&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.aulast=Ruby&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantfordexpositor.ca%2F2013%2F10%2F01%2Fno-mystery-murdoch-is-popular&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brantford.ca-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brantford.ca_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brantford.ca/en/filming-notice-april-13-17-2021.aspx">"Filming Notice – April 13–17, 2021"</a>. City of Brantford. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Woodland+Cultural+Centre&rft.atitle=Woodland+Cultural+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwoodlandculturalcentre.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantmuseum.ca/">"Brant Historical Society"</a>. <i>Brant Historical Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001195200/http://brantmuseum.ca/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brant+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Brant+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantmuseum.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canadianmilitaryheritagemuseum.ca/">"The Canadian Military Museum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109222609/http://canadianmilitaryheritagemuseum.ca/">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Military+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanadianmilitaryheritagemuseum.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommittee" class="citation web cs1">Committee, The Brantford International Villages. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantfordvillages.ca/">"International Villages Cultural Festival – (Brantford International Villages Festival) – 44th Cultural Exchange: July 5th–8th, 2017"</a>. <i>Brantfordvillages.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120530195825/http://www.brantfordvillages.ca/">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brantfordvillages.ca&rft.atitle=International+Villages+Cultural+Festival+%E2%80%93+%28Brantford+International+Villages+Festival%29+%E2%80%93+44th+Cultural+Exchange%3A+July+5th%E2%80%938th%2C+2017&rft.aulast=Committee&rft.aufirst=The+Brantford+International+Villages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantfordvillages.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantfordribfest.ca/">"Brantford Kinsmen Ribfest"</a>. <i>Brantfordribfest.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220503194847/http://www.brantfordribfest.ca/">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brantfordribfest.ca&rft.atitle=Brantford+Kinsmen+Ribfest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantfordribfest.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109223532/http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/2015/02/08/frosty-fest-celebrates-winter">"Frosty Fest celebrates winter"</a>. Brantford Expositor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/2015/02/08/frosty-fest-celebrates-winter">the original</a> on November 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frosty+Fest+celebrates+winter&rft.pub=Brantford+Expositor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantfordexpositor.ca%2F2015%2F02%2F08%2Ffrosty-fest-celebrates-winter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://branttheatre.com/bell-summer-theatre-festival/">"Brant Theatre Workshops :: Bell Summer Festival"</a>. <i>branttheatre.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316025900/http://branttheatre.com/bell-summer-theatre-festival/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=branttheatre.com&rft.atitle=Brant+Theatre+Workshops+%3A%3A+Bell+Summer+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbranttheatre.com%2Fbell-summer-theatre-festival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://branttheatre.com/">"Brant Theatre Workshops :: Home"</a>. <i>branttheatre.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217004953/http://branttheatre.com/">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=branttheatre.com&rft.atitle=Brant+Theatre+Workshops+%3A%3A+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbranttheatre.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandersonCentre" class="citation web cs1">SandersonCentre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022095027/http://www.sandersoncentre.ca/Pages/default.aspx">"Home"</a>. <i>Sandersoncentre.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandersoncentre.ca/Pages/default.aspx">the original</a> on October 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sandersoncentre.ca&rft.atitle=Home&rft.au=SandersonCentre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandersoncentre.ca%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1956" class="citation news cs1">Henderson, Jim (September 22, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-expositor-crocker-1956/122827468/">"Retire at 60? No, Sir! Dr. J. Howard Crocker Carved a Second Career"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. p. 18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418102940/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-expositor-crocker-1956/122827468/">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=Retire+at+60%3F+No%2C+Sir%21+Dr.+J.+Howard+Crocker+Carved+a+Second+Career&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1956-09-22&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-expositor-crocker-1956%2F122827468%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123308502/">"Brantford Players Lost in Basketball at Hamilton by 39–12"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. January 19, 1909. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426071132/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123308502/">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=Brantford+Players+Lost+in+Basketball+at+Hamilton+by+39%E2%80%9312&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1909-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19%2F123308502%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/122970216/">"Notes of Sport"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. December 22, 1908. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420004512/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/122970216/">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=Notes+of+Sport&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1908-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19%2F122970216%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123314671/">"A Junior League"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. April 13, 1909. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230427114251/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123314671/">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=A+Junior+League&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1909-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19%2F123314671%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123315085/">"City News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. May 4, 1909. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230427124643/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123315085/">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=City+News&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1909-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19%2F123315085%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apr-16-1910-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apr-16-1910_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123000654/">"Rules for Walking Race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. April 16, 1910. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420071322/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123000654/">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=Rules+for+Walking+Race&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1910-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19%2F123000654%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115409059/crocker-1910/">"Ready For Walking Race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. May 21, 1910. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229224815/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115409059/crocker-1910/">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=Ready+For+Walking+Race&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1910-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F115409059%2Fcrocker-1910%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123000799/">"The Expositor Race for all Walkers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. April 10, 1911. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421051422/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123000799/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=The+Expositor+Race+for+all+Walkers&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1911-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19%2F123000799%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123339736/">"Athletics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. April 19, 1910. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428055358/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123339736/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=Athletics&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1910-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19%2F123339736%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123344792/">"Entries For Y.M.C.A. Sports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>. Brantford, Ontario. September 16, 1910. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426131642/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19/123344792/">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brantford+Expositor&rft.atitle=Entries+For+Y.M.C.A.+Sports&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1910-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-brantford-daily-expositor-crocker-19%2F123344792%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brantfordminorhockey.com/Tournaments/3256/Wayne_Gretzky_International_Hockey_Tournament/">"2016–2017 > Wayne Gretzky International Hockey Tournament (Brantford Minor Hockey Association)"</a>. <i>brantfordminorhockey.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110043406/http://brantfordminorhockey.com/Tournaments/3256/Wayne_Gretzky_International_Hockey_Tournament/">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brantfordminorhockey.com&rft.atitle=2016%E2%80%932017+%3E+Wayne+Gretzky+International+Hockey+Tournament+%28Brantford+Minor+Hockey+Association%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrantfordminorhockey.com%2FTournaments%2F3256%2FWayne_Gretzky_International_Hockey_Tournament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamble2015" class="citation news cs1">Gamble, Susan (June 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602004756/http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/2015/06/21/walter-gretzky-street-hockey-tournament-look-for-big-things-for-10th-anniversary">"Walter Gretzky Street Hockey Tournament: Look for 'big things' for 10th anniversary"</a>. Brantford Expositor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/2015/06/21/walter-gretzky-street-hockey-tournament-look-for-big-things-for-10th-anniversary">the original</a> on June 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Walter+Gretzky+Street+Hockey+Tournament%3A+Look+for+%27big+things%27+for+10th+anniversary&rft.date=2015-06-21&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantfordexpositor.ca%2F2015%2F06%2F21%2Fwalter-gretzky-street-hockey-tournament-look-for-big-things-for-10th-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allancup.ca/Brantford2008.htm">"Brantford Blast 2008 Allan Cup Champions"</a>. Allan Cup 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315143035/http://www.allancup.ca/Brantford2008.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brantford+Blast+2008+Allan+Cup+Champions&rft.pub=Allan+Cup+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allancup.ca%2FBrantford2008.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5-ZdAAAAIBAJ&dq=pittsburgh%20penguins&pg=2735%2C1568367">"Pittsburgh Penguins Start With Many Goalies On Team"</a>. Observer-Reporter. September 13, 1967. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318113930/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5-ZdAAAAIBAJ&dq=pittsburgh+penguins&pg=2735%2C1568367">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pittsburgh+Penguins+Start+With+Many+Goalies+On+Team&rft.pub=Observer-Reporter&rft.date=1967-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D5-ZdAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dpittsburgh%2520penguins%26pg%3D2735%252C1568367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2009" class="citation news cs1">Ball, Vincent (May 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120723194259/http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1590674">"City gets a twin"</a>. Brantford Expositor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1590674">the original</a> on July 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=City+gets+a+twin&rft.date=2009-05-30&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brantfordexpositor.ca%2FArticleDisplay.aspx%3Fe%3D1590674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/brantford-signs-twinning-agreement-with-ukrainian-city-1.5847717">"Brantford signs twinning agreement with Ukrainian city"</a>. <i>Kitchener</i>. April 4, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427013746/https://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/brantford-signs-twinning-agreement-with-ukrainian-city-1.5847717">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kitchener&rft.atitle=Brantford+signs+twinning+agreement+with+Ukrainian+city&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkitchener.ctvnews.ca%2Fbrantford-signs-twinning-agreement-with-ukrainian-city-1.5847717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrantford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brantford&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Brantford#Q34180" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Brantford">Brantford</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Brantford" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Brantford</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_of_Brant" title="County of Brant">Brant</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Brant" title="County of Brant">Brant</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Brantford</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Brant" title="County of Brant">Brant</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_of_Brant" title="County of Brant">Brant</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Ontario" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Ontario" title="Template:Subdivisions of Ontario"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Ontario" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Ontario"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Ontario" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Ontario"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Ontario" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census_divisions_of_Ontario#Counties" class="mw-redirect" title="Census divisions of Ontario">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_County" title="Bruce County">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufferin_County" title="Dufferin County">Dufferin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_County" title="Elgin County">Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Ontario" title="Essex County, Ontario">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontenac_County" title="Frontenac County">Frontenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_County" title="Grey County">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliburton_County" title="Haliburton County">Haliburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_County" title="Hastings County">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_County,_Ontario" title="Huron County, Ontario">Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambton_County" title="Lambton County">Lambton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanark_County" title="Lanark County">Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Counties_of_Leeds_and_Grenville" title="United Counties of Leeds and Grenville">Leeds and Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennox_and_Addington_County" title="Lennox and Addington County">Lennox and Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Ontario" title="Middlesex County, Ontario">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Ontario" title="Northumberland County, Ontario">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_County,_Ontario" title="Perth County, Ontario">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_County" title="Peterborough County">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Counties_of_Prescott_and_Russell" title="United Counties of Prescott and Russell">Prescott and Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfrew_County" title="Renfrew County">Renfrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simcoe_County" title="Simcoe County">Simcoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Counties_of_Stormont,_Dundas_and_Glengarry" title="United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry">Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_County,_Ontario" title="Wellington County, Ontario">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census_divisions_of_Ontario#Districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Census divisions of Ontario">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algoma_District" title="Algoma District">Algoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochrane_District" title="Cochrane District">Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenora_District" title="Kenora District">Kenora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoulin_District" title="Manitoulin District">Manitoulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipissing_District" title="Nipissing District">Nipissing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound_District" title="Parry Sound District">Parry Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainy_River_District" title="Rainy River District">Rainy River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_District" title="Sudbury District">Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_District" title="Thunder Bay District">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census_divisions_of_Ontario#Regional_municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Census divisions of Ontario">Regional municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Durham" title="Regional Municipality of Durham">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Halton" title="Regional Municipality of Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Municipality_of_Muskoka" title="District Municipality of Muskoka">Muskoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_County,_Ontario" title="Oxford County, Ontario">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Peel" title="Regional Municipality of Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_York" title="Regional Municipality of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario#Single-tier_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">Single-tier municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Brant" title="County of Brant">Brant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brantford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham-Kent" title="Chatham-Kent">Chatham-Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Greater Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldimand_County" title="Haldimand County">Haldimand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawartha_Lakes" title="Kawartha Lakes">Kawartha Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Ontario" title="Norfolk County, Ontario">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Ontario" title="Prince Edward County, Ontario">Prince Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_separated_municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ontario separated municipalities">Separated municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Ontario" title="Belleville, Ontario">Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brockville" title="Brockville">Brockville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall,_Ontario" title="Cornwall, Ontario">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gananoque" title="Gananoque">Gananoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orillia" title="Orillia">Orillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke,_Ontario" title="Pembroke, Ontario">Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescott,_Ontario" title="Prescott, Ontario">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinte_West" title="Quinte West">Quinte West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiths_Falls" title="Smiths Falls">Smiths Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Marys,_Ontario" title="St. Marys, Ontario">St. Marys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_Ontario" title="St. Thomas, Ontario">St. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Ontario" title="Stratford, Ontario">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario" title="Southern Ontario">Southern Ontario</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Ontario" title="Central Ontario">Central Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ontario" title="Eastern Ontario">Eastern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Ontario" title="Southwestern Ontario">Southwestern Ontario</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario" title="Northern Ontario">Northern Ontario</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ontario" title="Northeastern Ontario">Northeastern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Ontario" title="Northwestern Ontario">Northwestern Ontario</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Ontario" title="List of communities in Ontario">Ontario communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">Ontario municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ontario_electoral_districts" title="Category:Ontario electoral districts">Ontario electoral districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_counties_of_Ontario" title="Former counties of Ontario">Former counties of Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ontario" title="Geography of Ontario">Geography of Ontario</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ontario" title="Portal:Ontario">Ontario portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Ontario" title="Category:Ontario">Category:Ontario</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Ontario" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Ontario">WikiProject: Ontario</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Census_metropolitan_areas_(CMAs)_in_Canada_by_size" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Census_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada_by_size" title="Template:Census metropolitan areas in Canada by size"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Census_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada_by_size" title="Template talk:Census metropolitan areas in Canada by size"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Census_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada_by_size" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Census metropolitan areas in Canada by size"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Census_metropolitan_areas_(CMAs)_in_Canada_by_size" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Census_geographic_units_of_Canada" title="Census geographic units of Canada">Census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Canada by size</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Vancouver" title="Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">Ottawa-Gatineau</a>, ON/QC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary metropolitan region">Calgary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton metropolitan region">Edmonton</a>, AB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Québec">Quebec City</a>, QC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg Capital Region">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">St. Catharines-Niagara</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Victoria" title="Greater Victoria">Victoria</a>, BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatoon Metropolitan Area">Saskatoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a>, SK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke" title="Sherbrooke">Sherbrooke</a>, QC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_District_of_Central_Okanagan" title="Regional District of Central Okanagan">Kelowna</a>, BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Metropolitan Area">St. John's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbotsford,_British_Columbia" title="Abbotsford, British Columbia">Abbotsford</a>, BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Greater Sudbury</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a>, QC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a>, QC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Moncton</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brantford</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Saint_John" title="Greater Saint John">Saint John</a>, NB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethbridge" title="Lethbridge">Lethbridge</a>, AB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaimo" title="Nanaimo">Nanaimo</a>, BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamloops" title="Kamloops">Kamloops</a>, BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilliwack" title="Chilliwack">Chilliwack</a>, BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Ontario" title="Belleville, Ontario">Belleville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Quinte_West" title="Quinte West">Quinte West</a>, ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Fredericton" title="Greater Fredericton">Fredericton</a>, NB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummondville" title="Drummondville">Drummondville</a>, QC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Deer,_Alberta" title="Red Deer, Alberta">Red Deer</a>, AB</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template talk:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Plan_Association" title="Regional Plan Association">RPA</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Includes all metropolitan areas that have a population of 150,000 or greater according to the most recent national census.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great Lakes region cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brantford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo%E2%80%93Niagara_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area"> Buffalo–Niagara Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland" title="Greater Cleveland">Cleveland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Ports" title="Twin Ports">Duluth–Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior,_Wisconsin" title="Superior, Wisconsin">Superior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie%E2%80%93Meadville,_PA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie–Meadville, PA Combined Statistical Area">Erie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_metropolitan_area" title="Grand Rapids metropolitan area">Grand Rapids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_metropolitan_area" title="Green Bay metropolitan area">Green Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland,_Michigan" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo%E2%80%93Portage_metropolitan_area" title="Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area">Kalamazoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin" title="Kenosha, Wisconsin">Kenosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing%E2%80%93East_Lansing_metropolitan_area" title="Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area">Lansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_metropolitan_area" title="Milwaukee metropolitan area">Milwaukee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">Niagara Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welland,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Welland, Ontario">Welland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niles,_Michigan" title="Niles, Michigan">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_New_York" title="Rochester metropolitan area, New York">Rochester, New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend%E2%80%93Mishawaka_metropolitan_area" title="South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area">South Bend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_metropolitan_area" title="Toledo metropolitan area">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City_metropolitan_area" title="Traverse City metropolitan area">Traverse City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Waterloo Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Ontario" title="Cambridge, Ontario">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario" title="Waterloo, Ontario">Waterloo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/145px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/218px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/290px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="704" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surrounding cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_metropolitan_area" title="Akron metropolitan area">Akron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Bloomington metropolitan area, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton%E2%80%93Massillon,_Ohio,_metropolitan_area" title="Canton–Massillon, Ohio, metropolitan area">Canton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area" title="Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area">Champaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_metropolitan_area" title="Dayton metropolitan area">Dayton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire%E2%80%93Chippewa_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area">Eau Claire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire,_Wisconsin" title="Eau Claire, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Indiana" title="Elkhart, Indiana">Elkhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansville_metropolitan_area" title="Evansville metropolitan area">Evansville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana" title="Evansville, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo%E2%80%93Moorhead" title="Fargo–Moorhead">Fargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_IN_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wayne, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area">Fort Wayne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Cities" title="Fox Cities">Fox Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleton,_Wisconsin" title="Appleton, Wisconsin">Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh,_Wisconsin" title="Oshkosh, Wisconsin">Oshkosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_metropolitan_area" title="Indianapolis metropolitan area">Indianapolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janesville,_Wisconsin" title="Janesville, Wisconsin">Janesville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beloit,_Wisconsin" title="Beloit, Wisconsin">Beloit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley,_IL_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley, IL MSA">Kankakee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee,_Illinois" title="Kankakee, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse%E2%80%93Onalaska" title="La Crosse–Onalaska">La Crosse–Onalaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse,_Wisconsin" title="La Crosse, Wisconsin">La Crosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onalaska,_Wisconsin" title="Onalaska, Wisconsin">Onalaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Lafayette metropolitan area, Indiana">Lafayette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana" title="Lafayette, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_metropolitan_area" title="Madison metropolitan area">Madison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">National Capital Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh%E2%80%93New_Castle%E2%80%93Weirton_combined_statistical_area" title="Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area">Pittsburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois">Peoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois">Rockford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_Minnesota" title="Rochester metropolitan area, Minnesota">Rochester, Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota_metropolitan_area" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota metropolitan area">St. Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Midland,_and_Bay_City_metropolitan_area" title="Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City metropolitan area">Saginaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Falls metropolitan area">Sioux Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Illinois">Springfield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_neighbourhoods_of_Sudbury" title="Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury">urban neighbourhoods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_metropolitan_area" title="Syracuse metropolitan area">Syracuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute_metropolitan_area" title="Terre Haute metropolitan area">Terre Haute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica%E2%80%93Rome_metropolitan_area" title="Utica–Rome metropolitan area">Utica–Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettendorf,_Iowa" title="Bettendorf, Iowa">Bettendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Moline,_Illinois" title="East Moline, Illinois">East Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_metropolitan_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City metropolitan community">Greater Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities of states south of region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown_metropolitan_area" title="Elizabethtown metropolitan area">Elizabethtown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_metropolitan_area" title="Kansas City metropolitan area">Kansas City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">Louisville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">St. Louis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka_metropolitan_area,_Kansas" title="Topeka metropolitan area, Kansas">Topeka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling_metropolitan_area" title="Wheeling metropolitan area">Wheeling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other metro-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City%E2%80%93Windsor_Corridor" title="Quebec City–Windsor Corridor">Quebec City–Windsor Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_and_Hamilton_Area" title="Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area">Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor" title="Detroit–Windsor">Detroit–Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh" title="Greater Pittsburgh">Greater Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Other megaregions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34180#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/266344411">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqfGTFrQrmgpJh9tkKDbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4834781-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83030009">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567073505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5d5d5ab7-802a-4cde-817b-ffa75c0a840d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045733">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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