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<li id="toc-The_Tui_Manu'a_Confederacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Tui_Manu'a_Confederacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The Tui Manu'a Confederacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Tui_Manu'a_Confederacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_and_Isolation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_and_Isolation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Decline and Isolation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_and_Isolation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonization_and_the_"Abolition"_of_the_Tui_Manu'a_title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonization_and_the_"Abolition"_of_the_Tui_Manu'a_title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Colonization and the "Abolition" of the Tui Manu'a title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonization_and_the_"Abolition"_of_the_Tui_Manu'a_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Tui_Manuʻa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Tui_Manuʻa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of Tui Manuʻa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Tui_Manuʻa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Title of the ruler of the Manuʻa Islands</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px 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#a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Tui Manuʻa Confederacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tui_Manu%27a_Empire_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tui_Manu%27a_Empire_Map.png/250px-Tui_Manu%27a_Empire_Map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tui_Manu%27a_Empire_Map.png/375px-Tui_Manu%27a_Empire_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tui_Manu%27a_Empire_Map.png/500px-Tui_Manu%27a_Empire_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fitiuta,_American_Samoa" title="Fitiuta, American Samoa">Fitiuta</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">Recognised regional languages</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><br /><a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tongan_language" title="Tongan language">Tongan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Futunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Futunan">Futunan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Niuean_language" title="Niuean language">Niuean</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uvean" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvean">Uvean</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_language" title="Tuvaluan language">Tuvaluan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tokelauan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokelauan">Tokelauan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_M%C4%81ori" title="Cook Islands Māori">Cook Islands Māori</a><br /><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati">i-Kiribati</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rotuman_language" title="Rotuman language">Rotuman</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pukapukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukapukan">Pukapukan</a><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan mythology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Monarchy</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tu'i Manu'a</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data">Pre-Tagaloa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a><br /><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rotuma" title="Rotuma">Rotuma</a><br /><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Elisala.jpg/220px-Elisala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Elisala.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%27a_Elisala" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui Manu'a Elisala">Tui Manu'a Elisala</a> was the last title holder </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matelita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Matelita.jpg/220px-Matelita.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Matelita.jpg/330px-Matelita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Matelita.jpg/440px-Matelita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%27a_Matelita" title="Tui Manu'a Matelita">Tui Manu'a Matelita</a> was the Tui Manuʻa from 1891 to 1895.</figcaption></figure> <p>The title <b>Tui Manuʻa</b> was the title of the ruler or <a href="/wiki/Paramount_chief" title="Paramount chief">paramount chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Manu%CA%BBa_Islands" title="Manuʻa Islands">Manuʻa Islands</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>. </p><p>The <b>Tuʻi Manuʻa Confederacy</b>, or <b>Samoan Empire</b>, are descriptions sometimes given to <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan</a> expansionism and projected hegemony in <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> which began with the founding of the Tui Manu'a title. Traditional <a href="/wiki/Oral_literature" title="Oral literature">oral literature</a> of Samoa and Manu'a talks of a widespread <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a> network or <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederacy</a> (or "empire").<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tui Manu'a is the oldest title of Ancient Samoa. According to Samoan oral histories, the first Tui Manu'a was a direct descendant of the Samoan supreme god, <a href="/wiki/Tagaloa" title="Tagaloa">Tagaloa</a>. In Samoan lore, the islands of <a href="/wiki/Manu%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Manu'a">Manu'a</a> (Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u) are always the first lands to be created or drawn from the sea; consequently the Tui Manu'a is the first human ruler mentioned. This "senior" ranking of the Tui Manu'a title continues to be esteemed and acknowledged by Samoans despite the fact that the title itself has not been occupied since the American takeover in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Tui_Manu'a_Confederacy"><span id="The_Tui_Manu.27a_Confederacy"></span>The Tui Manu'a Confederacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Tui Manu'a Confederacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Oral_literature" title="Oral literature">oral literature</a> of Samoa and Tonga speaks of a widespread <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a> network or <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederacy</a> (or "empire") that was prehistorically ruled by the successive Tui Manu'a dynasties. Manu'an genealogies and religious oral literature also suggest that the Tui Manu'a had long been one of the most prestigious and powerful paramounts of the Pacific and the first pre-eminent ruler of all Samoa. Oral history suggests that the Tui Manu'a kings governed a confederacy of far-flung islands which included <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as smaller western Pacific <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">chiefdoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_outliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynesian outliers">Polynesian outliers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Wallis_(island)" title="Wallis (island)">Uvea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futuna_Island,_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Futuna Island, Wallis and Futuna">Futuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>. Commerce and exchange routes between the western Polynesian societies is well documented and it is speculated that the Tui Manu'a dynasty grew through its success in obtaining control over the oceanic trade of currency goods such as finely woven ceremonial mats, whale <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> "<a href="/wiki/Tabua" title="Tabua">tabua</a>", <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> tools, chiefly red feathers, and seashells reserved for royalty (such as polished <a href="/wiki/Nautilus" title="Nautilus">nautilus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ovula_ovum" title="Ovula ovum">egg cowry</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_Isolation">Decline and Isolation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Decline and Isolation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eventually, the maritime empire began to decline and a new empire rose from the South.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 950 AD, the first <a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga_Empire" title="Tuʻi Tonga Empire">Tu'i Tonga</a> <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAho%CA%BBeitu" title="ʻAhoʻeitu">'Aho'eitu</a> started to expand his rule outside of Tonga. Samoa's Savaii, Upolu and Tutuila islands were to eventually succumb to Tongan rule, and would remain part of the empire for almost 400 years. However, as the ancestral homeland of the Tu'i Tonga dynasty and the abode of deities such as Tagaloa 'Eitumatupu'a, Tonga Fusifonua, and Tavatavaimanuka, the Manu'a islands of Samoa were considered sacred by the early Tongan kings and thus were never occupied by the Tongans, allowing for it to remain under Tui Manu'a rule.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of the tenth Tu’i Tonga Momo, and his successor, Tuʻitātui, the Tu'i Tonga's empire had grown to include much of the former domains of the Tui Fiti and Tui Manu'a. The expulsion of the Tongans in the 13th century from neighbouring Upolu and Savaii would not lead to the islands returning to Tui Manu'a but to the rise of a new dominant polity in the western isles: the Malietoa, whose feats in liberating Samoa from the Tongan occupants led to the establishment of a new political order in Upolu and Savaii which remained unchallenged for nearly 300 years. Although the Tui Manu'a would never again regain rulership of the surrounding islands, it is permanently held in high esteem as the progenitor of the great Samoan and Tongan lineages.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonization_and_the_"Abolition"_of_the_Tui_Manu'a_title"><span id="Colonization_and_the_.22Abolition.22_of_the_Tui_Manu.27a_title"></span>Colonization and the "Abolition" of the Tui Manu'a title</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonization and the "Abolition" of the Tui Manu'a title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Manu'a islands were grouped with <a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a> and Aunu'u as the United States possession now called <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>. The presidency of the United States, and the military authorities of the US Navy, supplanted the native administrative role of the Tui Manu'a, through the arrests of chiefs of the Tui Manu'a and two trials of the Tui Manu'a, one on an American warship off the coast of Ta'u, called the "Trial of the Ipu".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 July 1904 <a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%27a_Elisala" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui Manu'a Elisala">Tui Manu'a Elisala</a> officially ceded the islands of Manu'a to the United States through the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Manu%27a" title="Treaty of Cession of Manu'a">Treaty of Cession of Manu'a</a>. He was relegated the office of Governor of Manu'a for the term of life and the understanding that the Tui Manu'a title would follow him to the grave. He died on 2 July 1909. </p><p>After a fifteen-year break, the office was revived in 1924 when <a href="/wiki/Chris_Taliutafa_Young" title="Chris Taliutafa Young">Chris Young</a>, a member of the Anoalo clan of the Tui Manu'a family and the brother of Tui Manu'a <a href="/wiki/Matelita" class="mw-redirect" title="Matelita">Matelita</a> who reigned between 1890 and 1895, was named Tui Manu'a by the general assembly of the <i>Faletolu</i> and <i>Anoalo</i>. American officials were worried that the Manu'ans were restoring a "king" who would cause trouble for the administration. Governor <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley_Kellogg" title="Edward Stanley Kellogg">Edward Stanley Kellogg</a> opposed the bestowal and had the new Tui Manu'a brought to Tutuila where he was prevented from exercising the powers of his office. The Governor did not recognise the title on the basis that a monarchy was incompatible within the framework of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a>, stating that the previous Tui Manu'a had pledged under duress to be the last person to hold the title. </p><p>The descendants of Tui Manu'a are numerous. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Tui_Manuʻa"><span id="List_of_Tui_Manu.CA.BBa"></span>List of Tui Manuʻa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of Tui Manuʻa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Satiailemoa</li> <li>Tele (brother of Satiailemoa)</li> <li>Maui Tagote</li> <li>Maugaotele</li> <li>Folasa or Taeotagaloa</li> <li>Faʻaeanuʻu I or Faʻatutupunuʻu</li> <li>Saoʻioʻiomanu (Saʻo or eldest son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)</li> <li>Saopuʻu (second son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)</li> <li>Saoloa (third son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)</li> <li>Tuʻufesoa (fourth son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)</li> <li>Letupua (fifth son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)</li> <li>Saofolau (sixth son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)</li> <li>Saoluaga</li> <li>Lelologatele (eldest son of Saofolau)</li> <li>Aliʻimatua (eldest son of Lelologatele)</li> <li>Aliʻitama (second son of Lelologatele)</li> <li>Tui Oligo (grandson or son of Aliʻitama's daughter)</li> <li>Faʻaeanuʻu II (eldest son of Tui Oligo)</li> <li>Puipuipo (second son of Tui Oligo)</li> <li>Siliʻaivao (third son of Tui Oligo)</li> <li>Tuimanufili (daughter of Faʻaeanuʻu II)</li> <li>Faʻatoʻalia Manu-o-le-faletolu (eldest son of Tuimanufili)</li> <li>Segisegi (son of Faʻatoʻalia)</li> <li>Siliave (daughter of Faʻatoʻalia)</li> <li>Tui-o-Pomelea (son of Siliave)</li> <li>Tui-o-Lite (or Tui Aitu) (son of Tui-o-Pomelea)</li> <li>Toʻalepai (son of Tui-o-Lite)</li> <li>Seuea (daughter of Toʻalepai)</li> <li>Salofi (brother of Seuea)</li> <li>Levaomana (son of Salofi)</li> <li>Taliutafapule (son of Salofi and brother of Levaomana)</li> <li>Taʻalolomana Muaatoa</li> <li>Tupalo</li> <li>Seiuli</li> <li>Uʻuolelaoa (killed in a war with Fitiuta)</li> <li>Fagaese</li> <li>Tauveve</li> <li>Visala</li> <li>Alalamua</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%CA%BBa_Matelita" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui Manuʻa Matelita">Matelita or Makelita</a> (1872–1895), r. 1891–1895</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%CA%BBa_Elisala" title="Tui Manuʻa Elisala">Elisala or Elisara</a> (died 1909), r. 1899–1909<sup id="cite_ref-Cahoon_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahoon-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Taliutafa_Young" title="Chris Taliutafa Young">Chris (Kilisi) Taliutafa Young</a> (1924)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaia1999257–258_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaia1999257–258-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><br /> </p> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 0.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tui_Manua_family_tree" title="Template:Tui Manua family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tui_Manua_family_tree" title="Template talk:Tui Manua family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tui_Manua_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tui Manua family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Tui Manua family tree</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tui_Manu%27a" title="Special:EditPage/Tui Manu'a">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding 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Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tui Manu'a</a> family</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Falesoā clan</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Avaloa clan</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Anoalo clan</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Tui Manuʻa<br />Alalamua</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Taofi, title candidate</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%CA%BBa_Elisala" title="Tui Manuʻa Elisala">Tui Manuʻa Elisala</a></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%CA%BBa_Matelita" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui Manuʻa Matelita">Tui Manuʻa Matelita</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Taliutafa_Young" title="Chris Taliutafa Young">Chris Taliutafa Young</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tui_Manua" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tui Manua">Tui Manua</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fa%27amatai" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa'amatai">Fa'amatai</a>, chiefly system of Samoa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malietoa" title="Malietoa">Malietoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata%27afa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mata'afa">Mata'afa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu%27imaleali%27ifano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu'imaleali'ifano">Tu'imaleali'ifano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupua_Tamasese" title="Tupua Tamasese">Tupua Tamasese</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output 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a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCalderLambOrr1999" class="citation book cs1">Calder, Alex; Lamb, Jonathan; Orr, Bridget (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fIXSBlCRk3EC"><i>Voyages and Beaches: Pacific Encounters, 1769–1840</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824820398" title="Special:BookSources/9780824820398"><bdi>9780824820398</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyages+and+Beaches%3A+Pacific+Encounters%2C+1769%E2%80%931840&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780824820398&rft.aulast=Calder&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Lamb%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Orr%2C+Bridget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfIXSBlCRk3EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._E._V._Collocott" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._E._V._Collocott" title="E. E. V. Collocott">E. E. V. Collocott</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_33_1924/Volume_33,_No._131/An_experiment_in_Tongan_history,_by_E._E._V._Collocott,_p_166-184/p1">"Journal of the Polynesian Society: An Experiment In Tongan History, By E. E. V. Collocott, P 166-184"</a>. jps.auckland.ac.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society%3A+An+Experiment+In+Tongan+History%2C+By+E.+E.+V.+Collocott%2C+P+166-184&rft.pub=jps.auckland.ac.nz&rft.au=E.+E.+V.+Collocott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jps.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%2FVolume_33_1924%2FVolume_33%2C_No._131%2FAn_experiment_in_Tongan_history%2C_by_E._E._V._Collocott%2C_p_166-184%2Fp1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeiufaifeau_Brown" class="citation web cs1">Teiufaifeau Brown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pacificschoolserver.org/content/_public/Environment/Geography/History%20and%20Social%20Science/Unit%2027%20Samoas%20Political%20History%20.pdf">"Unit 27 Samoas Political History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pacificschoolserver.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unit+27+Samoas+Political+History&rft.pub=pacificschoolserver.org&rft.au=Teiufaifeau+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpacificschoolserver.org%2Fcontent%2F_public%2FEnvironment%2FGeography%2FHistory%2520and%2520Social%2520Science%2FUnit%252027%2520Samoas%2520Political%2520History%2520.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://motusa.wordpress.com/2011/05/18/tui-manua/tupou-2/">"Tupou 2"</a>. <i>Samoa History</i>. 2012-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Samoa+History&rft.atitle=Tupou+2&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmotusa.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F05%2F18%2Ftui-manua%2Ftupou-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaʻili2018" class="citation book cs1">Kaʻili, Tēvita O. (7 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1050113841"><i>Marking indigeneity : the Tongan art of sociospatial relations</i></a>. University of Arizona Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-3867-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-3867-6"><bdi>978-0-8165-3867-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1050113841">1050113841</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marking+indigeneity+%3A+the+Tongan+art+of+sociospatial+relations&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=2018-08-07&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1050113841&rft.isbn=978-0-8165-3867-6&rft.aulast=Ka%CA%BBili&rft.aufirst=T%C4%93vita+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1050113841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211-2685_eco_p.2">"Pacific Islands"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Christianity Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F2211-2685_eco_p.2">10.1163/2211-2685_eco_p.2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity+Online&rft.atitle=Pacific+Islands&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F2211-2685_eco_p.2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F2211-2685_eco_p.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsofou2008" class="citation book cs1">Asofou, So'o (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/836910717"><i>Democracy and custom in Samoa : an uneasy alliance</i></a>. IPS Publications, University of the South Pacific. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-982-02-0390-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-982-02-0390-7"><bdi>978-982-02-0390-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/836910717">836910717</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+and+custom+in+Samoa+%3A+an+uneasy+alliance&rft.pub=IPS+Publications%2C+University+of+the+South+Pacific&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F836910717&rft.isbn=978-982-02-0390-7&rft.aulast=Asofou&rft.aufirst=So%27o&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F836910717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nHp7-BTy57MC&q=sovereignty+matters+taulapapa&pg=PA109"><i>"Passive Resistance of Samoans to U.S. Colonialism" essay (Published in "Sovereignty Matters: Locations of Contestation and Possibility in Indigenous Struggles for Self-Determination" Editor Joanne Barker, 2006)</i></a>. University of Nebraska Press. December 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803251984" title="Special:BookSources/9780803251984"><bdi>9780803251984</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Passive+Resistance+of+Samoans+to+U.S.+Colonialism%22+essay+%28Published+in+%22Sovereignty+Matters%3A+Locations+of+Contestation+and+Possibility+in+Indigenous+Struggles+for+Self-Determination%22+Editor+Joanne+Barker%2C+2006%29&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2005-12&rft.isbn=9780803251984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnHp7-BTy57MC%26q%3Dsovereignty%2Bmatters%2Btaulapapa%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cahoon-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cahoon_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen2000" class="citation web cs1">Ben, Cahoon, ed. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/AmSamoa.html">"American Samoa"</a>. <i>WorldStatesman.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldStatesman.org&rft.atitle=American+Samoa&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FAmSamoa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaia1999257–258-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaia1999257–258_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsaia1999">Isaia 1999</a>, pp. 257–258.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaia1999" class="citation book cs1">Isaia, Malopaʻupo (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WfbGcAsZOKMC"><i>Coming of Age in American Anthropology: Margaret Mead and Paradise</i></a>. Boca Raton, Florida: Universal-Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58112-845-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58112-845-1"><bdi>978-1-58112-845-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coming+of+Age+in+American+Anthropology%3A+Margaret+Mead+and+Paradise&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pub=Universal-Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-58112-845-1&rft.aulast=Isaia&rft.aufirst=Malopa%CA%BBupo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWfbGcAsZOKMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATui+Manu%27a" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>McMullin, Dan Taulapapa. 2005. "The Passive Resistance of Samoans to US and Other Colonialisms", article in "Sovereignty Matters" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/2759959/_Passive_Resistance_of_Samoans_to_U.S._Colonialism_essay_Published_in_Sovereignty_Matters_Locations_of_Contestation_and_Possibility_in_Indigenous_Struggles_for_Self-Determination_Editor_Joanne_Barker_2006_">[1]</a>, University of Nebraska Press.</li> <li>Office of the Governor. 2004. <i>Manu'a ma Amerika</i>. A brief historical documentary. Manu'a Centennial. 16 July 1904. 16 July 2004. Office of the Governor, American Samoa Government. 20 p.</li> <li>Samoa News <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607032350/http://www.samoanews.com/viewstory.php?storyid=9357">[2]</a></li> <li>Linnekin, Hunt, Lang & McCormick (University of Hawaii Pacific Islands Cooperative Botanic Studies Institute)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110108193035/http://samoan-sensation.com/q-and-a/10827.html">[3]</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&oldid=1273237699">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tui_Manu%27a&oldid=1273237699</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tui_Manua" title="Category:Tui Manua">Tui Manua</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_monarchs" title="Category:Lists of monarchs">Lists of monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_monarchies_of_Oceania" title="Category:Former monarchies of Oceania">Former monarchies of Oceania</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2021">Articles needing additional references from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2015" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2015">Articles needing additional references from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 February 2025, at 12:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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