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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" title="Goldfields-Esperance – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" title="Goldfields-Esperance – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" title="Goldfields-Esperance – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B2%E2%80%93%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="گلدفیلدز–اسپرانس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلدفیلدز–اسپرانس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" title="Goldfields-Esperance – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A8%EB%93%9C%ED%95%84%EC%A6%88%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8D%BC%EB%9E%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="골드필즈에스퍼랜스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="골드필즈에스퍼랜스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" title="Goldfields-Esperance – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="გოლდფილს-ესპერანსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გოლდფილს-ესპერანსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3" title="Goldfields-Esperance régió – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance régió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" title="Goldfields-Esperance – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="ゴールドフィールズ・エスペランス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴールドフィールズ・エスペランス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" title="Goldfields-Esperance – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" title="Goldfields-Esperance – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%81-%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Голдфилдс-Эсперанс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Голдфилдс-Эсперанс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%B5%D8%AF%D9%81%DB%8E%DB%8C%DA%B5%D8%AF%D8%B2-%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B3" title="گۆڵدفێیڵدز-ئێسپێرێنس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆڵدفێیڵدز-ئێسپێرێنس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" title="Goldfields-Esperance – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Goldfields-Esperance" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%9F%BF-%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%A9%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E5%8C%BA" title="金矿-斯佩兰斯区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金矿-斯佩兰斯区" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&params=31_S_123_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°S</span> <span class="longitude">123°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31°S 123°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-31; 123</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of Western Australia</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&params=31_S_123_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°S</span> <span class="longitude">123°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31°S 123°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-31; 123</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_Western_Australia" title="Gold mining in Western Australia">Gold mining in Western Australia</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3em; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><span class="fn org locality">Goldfields–Esperance</span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:88%" class="region"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 300px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="4" data-lat="-29" data-lon="124.9" data-overlays="["_2f4ccacfd1fae89056ffa968c2d90be4b8b41d3f"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/-29/124.9/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,-29,124.9,300x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&revid=1272599968&groups=_2f4ccacfd1fae89056ffa968c2d90be4b8b41d3f" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,-29,124.9,300x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&revid=1272599968&groups=_2f4ccacfd1fae89056ffa968c2d90be4b8b41d3f 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Location of the Goldfields–Esperance region in Western Australia</div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">LGA(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Coolgardie" title="Shire of Coolgardie">Shire of Coolgardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Dundas" title="Shire of Dundas">Shire of Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Esperance" title="Shire of Esperance">Shire of Esperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Kalgoorlie%E2%80%93Boulder" title="City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder">City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Laverton" title="Shire of Laverton">Shire of Laverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Leonora" title="Shire of Leonora">Shire of Leonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Menzies" title="Shire of Menzies">Shire of Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Ngaanyatjarraku" title="Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku">Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Ravensthorpe" title="Shire of Ravensthorpe">Shire of Ravensthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Wiluna" title="Shire of Wiluna">Shire of Wiluna</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Electorates_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Electorates of the Australian states and territories">State electorate(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><ul style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><li> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Kalgoorlie" title="Electoral district of Kalgoorlie">Kalgoorlie</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_North_West_Central" title="Electoral district of North West Central">North West Central</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Roe" title="Electoral district of Roe">Roe</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives">Federal division(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_O%27Connor" title="Division of O'Connor">O'Connor</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Goldfields–Esperance</b> region is one of the nine <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Western_Australia" title="Regions of Western Australia">regions of Western Australia</a>. It is located in the south-eastern corner of <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, and comprises the <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">local government areas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Coolgardie" title="Shire of Coolgardie">Coolgardie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Dundas" title="Shire of Dundas">Dundas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Esperance" title="Shire of Esperance">Esperance</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Kalgoorlie%E2%80%93Boulder" title="City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder">Kalgoorlie–Boulder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Laverton" title="Shire of Laverton">Laverton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Leonora" title="Shire of Leonora">Leonora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Menzies" title="Shire of Menzies">Menzies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Ngaanyatjarraku" title="Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku">Ngaanyatjarraku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Ravensthorpe" title="Shire of Ravensthorpe">Ravensthorpe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Wiluna" title="Shire of Wiluna">Wiluna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Remplan_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remplan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It also incorporates the area along the <a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a> to the <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australian</a> border known as the <a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Plain" title="Nullarbor Plain">Nullarbor Plain</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Goldfields–Esperance region is the largest of Western Australia's regions, with an area of 955,276 km<sup>2</sup> (368,834 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-REM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mostly a low and flat plateau of extremely ancient <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> rocks that have been stable since long before the <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> Era. Because of the extreme geological stability and the absence of glaciation since the <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a>, the soils are extremely infertile and generally quite saline. Consequently, the region supports the lowest stocking rates in the world: it is considered that one <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> per square mile is the maximum sustainable rate except in the small wetter area near Esperance. There are no rivers; any rainfall that is not absorbed by the dense rooting systems of the native flora percolates to form extremely <a href="/wiki/Saline_water" title="Saline water">saline</a> <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a>, which is very frequently too salty even for adult sheep. </p><p>In the 1890s the <i>goldfields</i> term was used for country between <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross,_Western_Australia" title="Southern Cross, Western Australia">Southern Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coolgardie,_Western_Australia" title="Coolgardie, Western Australia">Coolgardie</a>; however, as the gold fields extended to Kalgoorlie and beyond, the term <i>Eastern Goldfields</i> was used for the locations in vicinity of Kalgoorlie at that stage.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Little_Sandy_Desert" title="Little Sandy Desert">Little Sandy Desert</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Desert" title="Gibson Desert">Gibson Desert</a> are found in the northern part of the region, with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Victoria_Desert" title="Great Victoria Desert">Great Victoria Desert</a> in the south east.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate is mostly hot and dry. Annual rainfall is typically around 250 millimetres (10 in) per year and can be very variable, except in the small area near <a href="/wiki/Esperance,_Western_Australia" title="Esperance, Western Australia">Esperance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Arid_National_Park" title="Cape Arid National Park">Cape Arid National Park</a> where reliable winter rainfall can give annual totals as high as 635 mm (25 inches) falling mainly in the winter months. Most rainfall is produced by <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a> in spring or summer or by cloudbands from the northwest in autumn and winter, but sometimes cyclones from the <a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara</a> decay into rain depressions and produce heavy rainfall. <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a> has already had a major impact<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>: in the Kalgoorlie – <a href="/wiki/Eucla,_Western_Australia" title="Eucla, Western Australia">Eucla</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wiluna,_Western_Australia" title="Wiluna, Western Australia">Wiluna</a> – Giles area annual rainfall has increased by over 40 percent since 1967 – probably due to lower frequencies of <a href="/wiki/Anticyclone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticyclone">anticyclones</a> located over the interior of Australia instead of the adjacent oceans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region has a population of just under 60,000 people,<sup id="cite_ref-REM_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about half of whom live in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Kalgoorlie%E2%80%93Boulder" title="City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder">City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder</a>. Another quarter live in the <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Esperance" title="Shire of Esperance">Shire of Esperance</a>, and the remaining shires are very sparsely populated. Nearly 10% of the region's population are of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> descent, which is substantially higher than the state as a whole. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economy of the Goldfields sub-region is based on the extraction and processing of various mineral resources, primarily <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>. In 2012 the mining of gold, nickel and <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a> yielded just under A$9 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-R4R_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R4R-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">Pastoralism</a> in the northern goldfields commenced in the early 1900s with <a href="/wiki/Yundamindera_Station" title="Yundamindera Station">Yundamindera Station</a> being established by Dr. Laver. In 1923 Yundmindera was purchased along with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Celia_Station" title="Mount Celia Station">Mount Celia Station</a> with a combined area of over 1,000,000 acres (4,047 km<sup>2</sup>) by T. H. Pearse, who stocked the property with sheep. Between 1925 and 1928 <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">more eastern states pastoralists scores of leases</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This passage needs to be better explained. (February 2020)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup> were established, and over £1,500,000 was invested in properties in the northern and eastern goldfields. In three months of 1925 over 40,000 sheep were railed to the area and in one month of 1927 seven trains carrying sheep arrived. By 1934 the goldfields were stocked with over 500,000 sheep and 25,000 cattle. Shearing the same year produced approximately 11,667 <a href="/wiki/Wool_bale" title="Wool bale">bales of wool</a> valued at £243,600.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further south near <a href="/wiki/Esperance,_Western_Australia" title="Esperance, Western Australia">Esperance</a>, the economy is based on <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canola" class="mw-redirect" title="Canola">canola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> widely grown and making up about 80% of the area's agricultural economy.<sup id="cite_ref-R4R_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R4R-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These crops require huge inputs of <a href="/wiki/Fertiliser" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertiliser">fertilisers</a> because of the sandy nature of the soils and are a major threat to the region's great plant diversity. In 2021–22, the Esperance zone harvested 3,550,000 tonnes of grain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pastoralism is also common, with both <a href="/wiki/Sheep_station" title="Sheep station">sheep</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cattle_station" title="Cattle station">cattle stations</a> being common in the area. Along the coast fishing and aquaculture are common, with fisheries for <a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">abalone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilchard">pilchards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">sharks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R4R_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R4R-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Remplan-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Remplan_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Western_Australia._Goldfields–Esperance_Development_Commission" class="citation cs2">Government of Western Australia. Goldfields–Esperance Development Commission, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.remplan.com.au/goldfieldsesperanceregion/community/summary?state=aM2lIX39oFOemv2UMAYRO2TBtdtYWp"><i>Our Place - Our Community</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Place+-+Our+Community&rft.au=Government+of+Western+Australia.+Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance+Development+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.remplan.com.au%2Fgoldfieldsesperanceregion%2Fcommunity%2Fsummary%3Fstate%3DaM2lIX39oFOemv2UMAYRO2TBtdtYWp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-REM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-REM_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REM_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gedc.wa.gov.au/our-region/community-profile/">"Goldfields-Esperance Region Demographic and Community Insights"</a>. Goldfields Esperance Development Commission. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goldfields-Esperance+Region+Demographic+and+Community+Insights&rft.pub=Goldfields+Esperance+Development+Commission&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gedc.wa.gov.au%2Four-region%2Fcommunity-profile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCompton,_G._Spencer1953" class="citation cs2">Compton, G. Spencer (1953), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/18088627"><i>The eastern goldfields : Kalgoorlie and Boulder</i></a>, G.S. Compton?<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+eastern+goldfields+%3A+Kalgoorlie+and+Boulder&rft.pub=G.S.+Compton%3F&rft.date=1953&rft.au=Compton%2C+G.+Spencer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F18088627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/192046913"><i>Eastern Goldfields : a century of secondary education, 1914 - 2014</i></a>, [Kalgoorlie, W.A.] [Eastern Goldfields High School?], 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Goldfields+%3A+a+century+of+secondary+education%2C+1914+-+2014&rft.pub=%5BKalgoorlie%2C+W.A.%5D+%5BEastern+Goldfields+High+School%3F%5D&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F192046913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121213051436/http://www.sciencewa.net.au/explore-by-region/goldfieldsesperance/the-goldfieldsesperance.html">"About the Goldfields–Esperance"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&rft.pub=Science+Network+Western+Australia&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencewa.net.au%2Fexplore-by-region%2Fgoldfieldsesperance%2Fthe-goldfieldsesperance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R4R-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R4R_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R4R_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R4R_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gedc.wa.gov.au/Information-centre/Economic-Profile.aspx">"Goldfields Esperance economic profile"</a>. Goldfields Esperance Development Commission. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goldfields+Esperance+economic+profile&rft.pub=Goldfields+Esperance+Development+Commission&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gedc.wa.gov.au%2FInformation-centre%2FEconomic-Profile.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article33243651">"From gold to sheep"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">The West Australian</a></i>. Perth: National Library of Australia. 1 June 1934. p. 17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=From+gold+to+sheep&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1934-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article33243651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbh.com.au/news/2022/01/cbh-receives-more-than-21-million-tonnes">"CBH receives more than 21 million tonnes"</a>. Co-operative Bulk Handling Australia. 10 January 2022. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CBH+receives+more+than+21+million+tonnes&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2022-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbh.com.au%2Fnews%2F2022%2F01%2Fcbh-receives-more-than-21-million-tonnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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href="/wiki/Great_Southern_(Western_Australia)" title="Great Southern (Western Australia)">Great Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_West_(Western_Australia)" title="Mid West (Western Australia)">Mid West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_(Western_Australia)" title="Peel (Western Australia)">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_(Western_Australia)" title="South West (Western Australia)">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatbelt_(Western_Australia)" title="Wheatbelt (Western Australia)">Wheatbelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Greater_Perth" title="Greater Perth">Greater Perth</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Perth_metropolitan_region" title="Perth metropolitan region">Perth metropolitan region</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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