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id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_goats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_goats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Comparison with goats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_goats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Breeds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Diet </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Diet subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Herbivory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbivory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Herbivory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbivory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grazing_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grazing_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Grazing behavior </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grazing_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Behavior </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Behavior subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flock_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flock_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Flock behavior </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flock_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Herding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Herding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominance_hierarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominance_hierarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Dominance hierarchy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominance_hierarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intelligence_and_learning_ability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intelligence_and_learning_ability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Intelligence and learning ability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intelligence_and_learning_ability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocalisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocalisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Vocalisations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocalisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Senses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Reproduction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Health </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Health subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Predators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Predators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economic importance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 As food </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 In science </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 In culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folklore_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folklore_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Folklore and literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folklore_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sheep</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 198 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-198" aria-hidden="true" > 198 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubiri" title="Bubiri – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bubiri" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skaap" title="Skaap – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skaap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausschaf" title="Hausschaf – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hausschaf" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A0%E1%8C%8D" title="በግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="በግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC" title="भेड़ – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भेड़" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C4%93ap" title="Scēap – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Scēap" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="خروف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خروف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis_orientalis_aries" title="Ovis orientalis aries – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ovis orientalis aries" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B9%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ոչխար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ոչխար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oao" title="Oao – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Oao" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ভেড়া – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভেড়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martcenic" title="Martcenic – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Martcenic" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="भेडा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भेडा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovecha" title="Ovecha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ovecha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%83" title="Чахъу – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Чахъу" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwija" title="Iwija – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Iwija" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev_qoyunu" title="Ev qoyunu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ev qoyunu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga" title="Saga – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Saga" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ভেড়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভেড়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AE-i%C3%BB%E2%81%BF" title="Mî-iûⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mî-iûⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Һарыҡ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һарыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Авечка свойская – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авечка свойская" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Авечка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Авечка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Овца – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Овца" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schof" title="Schof – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schof" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82" title="ལུག – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལུག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovca" title="Ovca – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ovca" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C3%B1vad" title="Dañvad – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dañvad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хонин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хонин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovella" title="Ovella – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ovella" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D1%85" title="Сурăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сурăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovce_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Ovce domácí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ovce domácí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwayi" title="Hwayi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hwayi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbelele" title="Mbelele – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Mbelele" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecura" title="Pecura – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Pecura" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafad" title="Dafad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dafad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C9%9Bri" title="Piɛri – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Piɛri" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r" title="Får – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Får" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%85" title="غنم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="غنم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1vza" title="Sávza – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sávza" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Sheep" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausschaf" title="Hausschaf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hausschaf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib%C3%A9_(b%C3%ADla%CA%BCashdla%CA%BCii_bil%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81%CA%BC)" title="Dibé (bílaʼashdlaʼii bilį́į́ʼ) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dibé (bílaʼashdlaʼii bilį́į́ʼ)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lammas" title="Lammas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lammas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Πρόβατο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόβατο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bric" title="Bric – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Bric" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Реве – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Реве" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis_orientalis_aries" title="Ovis orientalis aries – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ovis orientalis aries" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cafo" title="Ŝafo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝafo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardi" title="Ardi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ardi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%E1%BA%BD" title="Alẽ – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Alẽ" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گوسفند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوسفند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bherra" title="Bherra – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bherra" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sey%C3%B0ur" title="Seyður – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Seyður" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouton" title="Mouton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caora" title="Caora – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caora" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyrrey" title="Keyrrey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Keyrrey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caora" title="Caora – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Caora" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovella" title="Ovella – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ovella" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گۊسند – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="گۊسند" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B1" title="𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%A8n-y%C3%B2ng" title="Mièn-yòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mièn-yòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91" title="양 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rago" title="Rago – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rago" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B9%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ոչխար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոչխար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC" title="भेड़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भेड़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87a_ovca" title="Domaća ovca – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Domaća ovca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutono" title="Mutono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mutono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnero" title="Karnero – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karnero" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domba" title="Domba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Domba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ove" title="Ove – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ove" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Фыс – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фыс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yegusha" title="Yegusha – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Yegusha" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imvu" title="Imvu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Imvu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sau%C3%B0f%C3%A9" title="Sauðfé – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sauðfé" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis_aries" title="Ovis aries – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ovis aries" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%A9_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="כבש הבית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבש הבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedhus_g%C3%A8mb%C3%A8l" title="Wedhus gèmbèl – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wedhus gèmbèl" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heu" title="Heu – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Heu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕುರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕುರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupa" title="Tupa – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tupa" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="შინაური ცხვარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შინაური ცხვარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8E%D9%B9%DA%BE" title="کَٹھ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کَٹھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%B4c%C3%B4_%C3%B2wca" title="Domôcô òwca – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Domôcô òwca" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Қой – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қой" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondoo-kaya" title="Kondoo-kaya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kondoo-kaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimeme" title="Dimeme – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Dimeme" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namulol_(Ovis_aries_aries)" title="Namulol (Ovis aries aries) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Namulol (Ovis aries aries)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouton" title="Mouton – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mouton" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mih" title="Mih – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mih" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Кой – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кой" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biescia" title="Biescia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Biescia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Тта – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Тта" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ovis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aita" title="Aita – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aita" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Хеб – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Хеб" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avis" title="Avis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Avis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis_Aries" title="Ovis Aries – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ovis Aries" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjaop" title="Sjaop – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjaop" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpat%C3%A1" title="Mpatá – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mpatá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovea" title="Ovea – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ovea" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juh" title="Juh – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Juh" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Домашна овца – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Домашна овца" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondry" title="Ondry – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ondry" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ചെമ്മരിയാട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെമ്മരിയാട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nag%C4%A7%C4%A1a" title="Nagħġa – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Nagħġa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirikahu" title="Pirikahu – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pirikahu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A2%E0%A5%80" title="मेंढी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेंढी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="خروف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خروف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86" title="گسفن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گسفن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biri-biri" title="Biri-biri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biri-biri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canhona" title="Canhona – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Canhona" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Уча – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Уча" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Хонь – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хонь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="သိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaap" title="Schaap – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schaap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoap" title="Skoap – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Skoap" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="भेडा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भेडा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%87" title="फइ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%84%E3%82%B8" title="ヒツジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒツジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80" title="УьстагӀ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="УьстагӀ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjip" title="Sjip – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sjip" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamsau" title="Tamsau – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tamsau" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sau" title="Sau – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sau" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouton" title="Mouton – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mouton" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis_aries" title="Ovis aries – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ovis aries" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A2%E0%AC%BE" title="ମେଣ୍ଢା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମେଣ୍ଢା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoolaa" title="Hoolaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hoolaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qo%CA%BBy" title="Qoʻy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qoʻy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1" title="ਭੇਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੇਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%88" title="بھیڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھیڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Баля – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Баля" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9do" title="Bédo – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bédo" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A8ja" title="Fèja – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fèja" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaap" title="Schaap – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Schaap" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owca_domowa" title="Owca domowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Owca domowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis_aries" title="Ovis aries – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ovis aries" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shof" title="Shof – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Shof" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaie_domestic%C4%83" title="Oaie domestică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oaie domestică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwiha" title="Uwiha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uwiha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Овца – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Овца" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Хой – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хой" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sizi" title="sizi – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sizi" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamoe" title="Mamoe – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Mamoe" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walitaba" title="Walitaba – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Walitaba" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%DB%8C%DD%99" title="بھیݙ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بھیݙ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sheep" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delja" title="Delja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Delja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crastu_(areti)" title="Crastu (areti) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Crastu (areti)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F" title="බැටළුවා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බැටළුවා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_sheep" title="Domestic sheep – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Domestic sheep" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%8D" title="رڍ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رڍ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovca_dom%C3%A1ca" title="Ovca domáca – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ovca domáca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%8Da_ovca" title="Domača ovca – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Domača ovca" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ido" title="Ido – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ido" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%95" title="مەڕ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Домаћа овца – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Домаћа овца" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87a_ovca" title="Domaća ovca – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Domaća ovca" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domba" title="Domba – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Domba" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lammas" title="Lammas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lammas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamf%C3%A5r" title="Tamfår – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tamfår" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupa" title="Tupa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tupa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="செம்மறியாடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செம்மறியாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Сарык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сарык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%82%88" title="မေႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မေႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/mit" title="mit – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="mit" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="పొట్టేలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పొట్టేలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0" title="แกะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แกะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C9%9B%CC%88lbaai" title="Amɛ̈lbaai – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Amɛ̈lbaai" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%AF%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гӯсфанд – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гӯсфанд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosa" title="Kosa – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Kosa" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕುರಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕುರಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis_aries" title="Ovis aries – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ovis aries" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonseap" title="Zonseap – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zonseap" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Хой – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Хой" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%B6" title="Ыж – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ыж" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Вівця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вівця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%91" title="بھیڑ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھیڑ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A8gora" title="Piègora – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Piègora" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambaz" title="Lambaz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lambaz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%ABu" title="Cừu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cừu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jip" title="Jip – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Jip" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lammas" title="Lammas – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lammas" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedots" title="Bedots – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bedots" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anneer%C3%BC" title="Anneerü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Anneerü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wayuunaiki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoap" title="Schoap – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Schoap" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnero" title="Karnero – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karnero" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%BE%8A" title="胡羊 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胡羊" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A3" title="שאף – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שאף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80g%C3%B9t%C3%A0n" title="Àgùtàn – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àgùtàn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%BF%E7%BE%8A" title="綿羊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="綿羊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kav%C4%B1r" title="Kavır – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kavır" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av%C4%97s" title="Avės – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Avės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%BF%E7%BE%8A" title="綿羊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="綿羊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%9Bngb%C9%94" title="Lɛngbɔ – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Lɛngbɔ" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A5%E1%A5%B2" title="ᥛᥥᥲ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥥᥲ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%80%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2" title="ⵉⵀⵔⴰⵢ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵀⵔⴰⵢ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Domesticated ruminant bred for meat, wool, and milk</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the domesticated species of sheep. For other species, see <a href="/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis">Ovis</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sheep_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sheep (disambiguation)">Sheep (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Domestic sheep </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flock_of_sheep.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flock_of_sheep.jpg/240px-Flock_of_sheep.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flock_of_sheep.jpg/360px-Flock_of_sheep.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flock_of_sheep.jpg/480px-Flock_of_sheep.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="2700" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center">Domesticated </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ovis" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caprini" class="mw-redirect" title="Caprini">Caprini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis">Ovis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">O. aries</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Ovis aries <div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> Ovis guineensis Linnaeus, 1758 Ovis strepsiceros Linnaeus, 1758 </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> Sheep (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: sheep) or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are a <a href="/wiki/Domesticated" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesticated">domesticated</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruminant" title="Ruminant">ruminant</a> <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> typically kept as <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>. Although the term sheep can apply to other species in the genus <a href="/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis">Ovis</a>, in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticated sheep. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Even-toed_ungulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-toed ungulate">even-toed ungulates</a>. Numbering a little over one billion, domestic sheep are also the most numerous species of sheep. An adult female is referred to as a ewe (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/juː/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">yoo</a>), an intact male as a ram, occasionally a tup, a <a href="/wiki/Castrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Castrated">castrated</a> male as a wether, and a young sheep as a lamb. Sheep are most likely descended from the wild <a href="/wiki/Mouflon" title="Mouflon">mouflon</a> of Europe and Asia, with Iran being a geographic envelope of the domestication center.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a> purposes, sheep are raised for <a href="/wiki/Fleeces" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleeces">fleeces</a>, meat (<a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb, hogget or mutton</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Sheep_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep milk">milk</a>. A sheep's <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a> is the most widely used animal fiber, and is usually harvested by <a href="/wiki/Sheep_shearing" title="Sheep shearing">shearing</a>. In Commonwealth countries, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ovine" class="extiw" title="wikt:ovine">ovine</a> meat is called <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb</a> when from younger animals and <a href="/wiki/Mutton" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutton">mutton</a> when from older ones; in the United States, meat from both older and younger animals is usually called lamb. Sheep continue to be important for wool and meat today, and are also occasionally raised for <a href="/wiki/Sheepskin_(material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheepskin (material)">pelts</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Dairy" title="Dairy">dairy</a> animals, or as <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">model organisms</a> for science. <a href="/wiki/Sheep_husbandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep husbandry">Sheep husbandry</a> is practised throughout the majority of the inhabited world, and has been fundamental to many civilizations. In the modern era, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the southern and central <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American</a> nations, and the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> are most closely associated with sheep production. There is a large <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sheep_husbandry" title="Glossary of sheep husbandry">lexicon of unique terms</a> for sheep husbandry which vary considerably by region and <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialect</a>. Use of the word sheep began in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> as a derivation of the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word scēap. A group of sheep is called a flock. Many other specific terms for the various life stages of sheep exist, generally related to lambing, shearing, and age. As a key animal in the history of farming, sheep have a deeply entrenched place in human culture, and are represented in much modern language and <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">symbolism</a>. As livestock, sheep are most often associated with <a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(utopia)" title="Arcadia (utopia)">Arcadian</a> imagery. Sheep figure in many <a href="/wiki/Mythologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythologies">mythologies</a>—such as the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece" title="Golden Fleece">Golden Fleece</a>—and major religions, especially the <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamic">Abrahamic</a> traditions. In both ancient and modern religious ritual, sheep are used as <a href="/wiki/Sacrificial_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrificial animals">sacrificial animals</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_domestic_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the domestic sheep">History of the domestic sheep</a></div> The exact line of descent from wild ancestors to domestic sheep is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-Hiendleder-2">[2]</a> The most common hypothesis states that Ovis aries is descended from the Asiatic (O. gmelini) species of <a href="/wiki/Mouflon" title="Mouflon">mouflon</a>; the <a href="/wiki/European_mouflon" title="European mouflon">European mouflon</a> (Ovis aries musimon) is a direct descendant of this population.<a href="#cite_note-Ensminger_5-3">[3]</a> Sheep were among the first animals to be domesticated by humankind (although the domestication of dogs probably took place 10 to 20 thousand years earlier); the domestication date is estimated to fall between 11,000 and 9000 BC in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a><a href="#cite_note-Ensminger_4-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weaver_1114-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-simmons_2-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and possibly around 7000 BC in <a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a> in the Indus Valley.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The rearing of sheep for secondary products, and the resulting breed development, began in either southwest Asia or western Europe.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Initially, sheep were kept solely for meat, milk and skins. Archaeological evidence from <a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statuary</a> found at sites in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> suggests that selection for woolly sheep may have begun around 6000 BC,<a href="#cite_note-Ensminger_5-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weaver_11-11">[11]</a> and the earliest woven wool garments have been dated to two to three thousand years later.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_8-12">[12]</a> Sheep husbandry spread quickly in Europe. Excavations show that in about 6000 BC, during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period of prehistory, the Castelnovien people, living around <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-les-Martigues" title="Châteauneuf-les-Martigues">Châteauneuf-les-Martigues</a> near present-day <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> in the south of France, were among the first in Europe to keep domestic sheep.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Practically from its inception, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek civilization</a> relied on sheep as primary livestock, and were even said to name individual animals.<a href="#cite_note-Weaver_13-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Romans</a> kept sheep on a wide scale, and were an important agent in the spread of sheep raising. <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, in his <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a> (Naturalis Historia), speaks at length about sheep and wool.<a href="#cite_note-pliny-15">[15]</a> European colonists spread the practice to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> from 1493 onwards.<a href="#cite_note-sheep_and_goat-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weaver_12-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> Domestic sheep are relatively small ruminants, usually with a <a href="/wiki/Crimp_(wool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimp (wool)">crimped</a> hair called wool and often with horns forming a <a href="/wiki/Lateral_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral (anatomy)">lateral</a> <a href="/wiki/Spiral" title="Spiral">spiral</a>. They differ from their wild relatives and ancestors in several respects, having become uniquely <a href="/wiki/Neoteny" title="Neoteny">neotenic</a> as a result of selective breeding by humans.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> A few primitive breeds of sheep retain some of the characteristics of their wild cousins, such as short tails. Depending on breed, domestic sheep may have no horns at all (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Polled_livestock" title="Polled livestock">polled</a>), or horns in both sexes, or in males only. Most horned breeds have a single pair, but a few breeds may have several.<a href="#cite_note-sheep_and_goat-16">[16]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkmen_sheep.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Turkmen_sheep.jpg/220px-Turkmen_sheep.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Turkmen_sheep.jpg/330px-Turkmen_sheep.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Turkmen_sheep.jpg/440px-Turkmen_sheep.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2320" data-file-height="1256" /></a><figcaption>Sheep in <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></figcaption></figure> Another trait unique to domestic sheep as compared to wild ovines is their wide variation in color. Wild sheep are largely variations of brown hues, and variation within species is extremely limited. Colors of domestic sheep range from pure white to dark chocolate brown, and even spotted or <a href="/wiki/Piebald" title="Piebald">piebald</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rmcsba-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-bcsba-21">[21]</a> Sheep keepers also sometimes artificially paint "smit marks" onto their sheep in any pattern or color for identification.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Selection for easily dyeable white fleeces began early in sheep domestication, and as white wool is a <a href="/wiki/Dominant_trait" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominant trait">dominant trait</a> it spread quickly. However, colored sheep do appear in many modern breeds, and may even appear as a <a href="/wiki/Recessive" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessive">recessive</a> trait in white flocks.<a href="#cite_note-rmcsba-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-bcsba-21">[21]</a> While white wool is desirable for large commercial markets, there is a <a href="/wiki/Niche_market" title="Niche market">niche market</a> for colored fleeces, mostly for <a href="/wiki/Handspinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Handspinning">handspinning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> The nature of the fleece varies widely among the breeds, from dense and highly crimped, to long and hairlike. There is variation of wool type and quality even among members of the same flock, so <a href="/wiki/Wool_classing" title="Wool classing">wool classing</a> is a step in the commercial processing of the fibre. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Take_ours!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Take_ours%21.jpg/220px-Take_ours%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Take_ours%21.jpg/330px-Take_ours%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Take_ours%21.jpg/440px-Take_ours%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_sheep" title="Suffolk sheep">Suffolks</a> are a medium wool, black-faced breed of meat sheep that make up 60% of the sheep population in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a></figcaption></figure> Depending on breed, sheep show a range of heights and weights. Their rate of growth and mature weight is a <a href="/wiki/Heritable" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritable">heritable</a> trait that is often selected for in breeding.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> Ewes typically weigh between 45 and 100 kilograms (100 and 220 lb), and rams between 45 and 160 kilograms (100 and 350 lb).<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> When all deciduous teeth have erupted, the sheep has 20 teeth.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Mature sheep have 32 teeth. As with other ruminants, the front teeth in the lower jaw bite against a hard, toothless pad in the upper jaw. These are used to pick off vegetation, then the rear teeth grind it before it is swallowed. There are eight lower front teeth in ruminants, but there is some disagreement as to whether these are eight <a href="/wiki/Incisor" title="Incisor">incisors</a>, or six incisors and two incisor-shaped <a href="/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canines</a>. This means that the <a href="/wiki/Dentition#Dental_formula" title="Dentition">dental formula</a> for sheep is either 0.0.3.34.0.3.3 or 0.0.3.33.1.3.3 <a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> There is a large <a href="/wiki/Diastema_(dentistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diastema (dentistry)">diastema</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Incisor" title="Incisor">incisors</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Molars" class="mw-redirect" title="Molars">molars</a>. In the first few years of life one can calculate the age of sheep from their front teeth, as a pair of <a href="/wiki/Deciduous_teeth" title="Deciduous teeth">milk teeth</a> is replaced by larger adult teeth each year, the full set of eight adult front teeth being complete at about four years of age. The front teeth are then gradually lost as sheep age, making it harder for them to feed and hindering the health and productivity of the animal. For this reason, domestic sheep on normal <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">pasture</a> begin to slowly decline from four years on, and the life expectancy of a sheep is 10 to 12 years, though some sheep may live as long as 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-sheep_and_goat-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-begin-29">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cr%C3%A2ne_mouton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cr%C3%A2ne_mouton.jpg/220px-Cr%C3%A2ne_mouton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cr%C3%A2ne_mouton.jpg/330px-Cr%C3%A2ne_mouton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cr%C3%A2ne_mouton.jpg/440px-Cr%C3%A2ne_mouton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption>Skull</figcaption></figure>Sheep have good hearing, and are sensitive to noise when being handled.<a href="#cite_note-smith5-30">[30]</a> Sheep have horizontal slit-shaped pupils, with excellent <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_vision" title="Peripheral vision">peripheral vision</a>; with visual fields of about 270° to 320°, sheep can see behind themselves without turning their heads.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-ASI-31">[31]</a> Many breeds have only short hair on the face, and some have facial wool (if any) confined to the poll and or the area of the mandibular angle; the wide angles of peripheral vision apply to these breeds. A few breeds tend to have considerable wool on the face; for some individuals of these breeds, peripheral vision may be greatly reduced by "wool blindness", unless recently shorn about the face.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Sheep have poor <a href="/wiki/Depth_perception" title="Depth perception">depth perception</a>; shadows and dips in the ground may cause sheep to baulk. In general, sheep have a tendency to move out of the dark and into well-lit areas,<a href="#cite_note-modern-33">[33]</a> and prefer to move uphill when disturbed. Sheep also have an excellent sense of smell, and, like all species of their genus, have <a href="/wiki/Scent_gland" title="Scent gland">scent glands</a> just in front of the eyes, and interdigitally on the feet. The purpose of these glands is uncertain,<a href="#cite_note-Smith4-34">[34]</a> but those on the face may be used in breeding behaviors.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> The foot glands might also be related to reproduction,<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> but alternative functions, such as secretion of a waste product or a scent marker to help lost sheep find their flock, have also been proposed.<a href="#cite_note-Smith4-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_with_goats">Comparison with goats</h3></div> Sheep and <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a> are closely related: both are in the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a>. However, they are separate species, so <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a> rarely occur and are always infertile. A hybrid of a ewe and a buck (a male goat) is called a <a href="/wiki/Sheep-goat_hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep-goat hybrid">sheep-goat hybrid</a>, known as geep. Visual differences between sheep and goats include the beard of goats and divided upper lip of sheep. Sheep tails also hang down, even when short or <a href="/wiki/Docking_(animal)" title="Docking (animal)">docked</a>, while the short tails of goats are held upwards. Also, sheep breeds are often naturally <a href="/wiki/Polled_livestock" title="Polled livestock">polled</a> (either in both sexes or just in the female), while naturally polled goats are rare (though many are polled artificially). Males of the two species differ in that buck goats acquire a unique and strong odor during the <a href="/wiki/Rut_(mammalian_reproduction)" title="Rut (mammalian reproduction)">rut</a>, whereas rams do not.<a href="#cite_note-begin-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeds">Breeds</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sheep_breeds" title="List of sheep breeds">List of sheep breeds</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Synchronized_Sheep_Judging.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Synchronized_Sheep_Judging.jpg/220px-Synchronized_Sheep_Judging.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Synchronized_Sheep_Judging.jpg/330px-Synchronized_Sheep_Judging.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Synchronized_Sheep_Judging.jpg/440px-Synchronized_Sheep_Judging.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Sheep being judged for adherence to their <a href="/wiki/Breed_standard" title="Breed standard">breed standard</a></figcaption></figure> The domestic sheep is a multi-purpose animal, and the more than 200 <a href="/wiki/List_of_sheep_breeds" title="List of sheep breeds">breeds</a> now in existence were created to serve these diverse purposes.<a href="#cite_note-sheep_and_goat-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-okstate-35">[35]</a> Some sources give a count of a thousand or more breeds,<a href="#cite_note-Dwyer2008-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jensen2009-37">[37]</a> but these numbers cannot be verified, according to some sources.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-begin-29">[29]</a> However, several hundred breeds of sheep have been identified by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN</a> (FAO), with the estimated number varying somewhat from time to time: e.g. 863 breeds as of 1993,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> 1314 breeds as of 1995<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> and 1229 breeds as of 2006.<a href="#cite_note-FAO_2007-40">[40]</a> (These numbers exclude extinct breeds, which are also tallied by the FAO.) For the purpose of such tallies, the FAO definition of a breed is "either a subspecific group of domestic livestock with definable and identifiable external characteristics that enable it to be separated by visual appraisal from other similarly defined groups within the same species or a group for which geographical and/or cultural separation from phenotypically similar groups has led to acceptance of its separate identity."<a href="#cite_note-FAO_2007-40">[40]</a> Almost all sheep are classified as being best suited to furnishing a certain product: wool, meat, milk, hides, or a combination in a dual-purpose breed. Other features used when classifying sheep include face color (generally white or black), tail length, presence or lack of horns, and the <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> for which the breed has been developed. This last point is especially stressed in the UK, where breeds are described as either upland (hill or mountain) or lowland breeds.<a href="#cite_note-modern-33">[33]</a> A sheep may also be of a <a href="/wiki/Fat-tailed_sheep" title="Fat-tailed sheep">fat-tailed type</a>, which is a dual-purpose sheep common in Africa and Asia with larger deposits of fat within and around its tail. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbados_Blackbelly.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Barbados_Blackbelly.JPG/170px-Barbados_Blackbelly.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Barbados_Blackbelly.JPG/255px-Barbados_Blackbelly.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Barbados_Blackbelly.JPG 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Barbados_Blackbelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbados Blackbelly">Barbados Blackbelly</a> is a hair sheep breed of <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> origin.</figcaption></figure> Breeds are often categorized by the type of their wool. Fine wool breeds are those that have wool of great crimp and density, which are preferred for textiles. Most of these were derived from <a href="/wiki/Merino_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merino (sheep)">Merino</a> sheep, and the breed continues to dominate the world sheep industry. Downs breeds have wool between the extremes, and are typically fast-growing meat and ram breeds with dark faces.<a href="#cite_note-D’Arcy-41">[41]</a> Some major medium wool breeds, such as the <a href="/wiki/Corriedale_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Corriedale sheep">Corriedale</a>, are dual-purpose crosses of long and fine-wooled breeds and were created for high-production commercial flocks. Long wool breeds are the largest of sheep, with long wool and a slow rate of growth. Long wool sheep are most valued for crossbreeding to improve the attributes of other sheep types. For example: the American <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia (sheep)">Columbia</a> breed was developed by crossing <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln (sheep)">Lincoln</a> rams (a long wool breed) with fine-wooled <a href="/wiki/Rambouillet_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambouillet (sheep)">Rambouillet</a> ewes. Coarse or <a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">carpet</a> wool sheep are those with a medium to long length wool of characteristic coarseness. Breeds traditionally used for carpet wool show great variability, but the chief requirement is a wool that will not break down under heavy use (as would that of the finer breeds). As the demand for carpet-quality wool declines, some breeders of this type of sheep are attempting to use a few of these traditional breeds for alternative purposes. Others have always been primarily meat-class sheep.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_flock_of_Australian_White_Sheep_in_Mudgegonga,_Victoria,_Australia._This_is_breed_of_hair_sheep_suited_for_the_hot_and_varied_Australian_climate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/A_flock_of_Australian_White_Sheep_in_Mudgegonga%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia._This_is_breed_of_hair_sheep_suited_for_the_hot_and_varied_Australian_climate.jpg/220px-A_flock_of_Australian_White_Sheep_in_Mudgegonga%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia._This_is_breed_of_hair_sheep_suited_for_the_hot_and_varied_Australian_climate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/A_flock_of_Australian_White_Sheep_in_Mudgegonga%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia._This_is_breed_of_hair_sheep_suited_for_the_hot_and_varied_Australian_climate.jpg/330px-A_flock_of_Australian_White_Sheep_in_Mudgegonga%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia._This_is_breed_of_hair_sheep_suited_for_the_hot_and_varied_Australian_climate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/A_flock_of_Australian_White_Sheep_in_Mudgegonga%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia._This_is_breed_of_hair_sheep_suited_for_the_hot_and_varied_Australian_climate.jpg/440px-A_flock_of_Australian_White_Sheep_in_Mudgegonga%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia._This_is_breed_of_hair_sheep_suited_for_the_hot_and_varied_Australian_climate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2648" /></a><figcaption>A flock of <a href="/wiki/Australian_White_sheep" title="Australian White sheep">Australian White</a> hair sheep in Mudgegonga, Victoria, Australia. This is a new breed of hair sheep suited for the hot and varied Australian climate.</figcaption></figure> A minor class of sheep are the <a href="/wiki/Dairy" title="Dairy">dairy</a> breeds. Dual-purpose breeds that may primarily be meat or wool sheep are often used secondarily as milking animals, but there are a few breeds that are predominantly used for milking. These sheep produce a higher quantity of milk and have slightly longer lactation curves.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In the quality of their milk, the fat and protein content percentages of dairy sheep vary from non-dairy breeds, but lactose content does not.<a href="#cite_note-Pulina2-44">[44]</a> A last group of sheep breeds is that of fur or hair sheep, which do not grow wool at all. Hair sheep are similar to the early domesticated sheep kept before woolly breeds were developed, and are raised for meat and pelts. Some modern breeds of hair sheep, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dorper_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorper (sheep)">Dorper</a>, result from crosses between wool and hair breeds. For meat and hide producers, hair sheep are cheaper to keep, as they do not need shearing.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> Hair sheep are also more resistant to parasites and hot weather.<a href="#cite_note-begin-29">[29]</a> With the modern rise of corporate <a href="/wiki/Agribusiness" title="Agribusiness">agribusiness</a> and the decline of localized <a href="/wiki/Family_farm" title="Family farm">family farms</a>, many breeds of sheep are in danger of extinction. The <a href="/wiki/Rare_Breeds_Survival_Trust" title="Rare Breeds Survival Trust">Rare Breeds Survival Trust</a> of the UK lists 22 native breeds as having only 3,000 registered animals (each), and <a href="/wiki/The_Livestock_Conservancy" title="The Livestock Conservancy">The Livestock Conservancy</a> lists 14 as either "critical" or "threatened".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Preferences for breeds with uniform characteristics and fast growth have pushed heritage (or heirloom) breeds to the margins of the sheep industry.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> Those that remain are maintained through the efforts of conservation organizations, breed registries, and individual farmers dedicated to their preservation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet">Diet</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herbivory">Herbivory</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumen-sheep2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rumen-sheep2.jpg/220px-Rumen-sheep2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rumen-sheep2.jpg/330px-Rumen-sheep2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rumen-sheep2.jpg/440px-Rumen-sheep2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2443" data-file-height="1697" /></a><figcaption>Ruminant system of a sheep</figcaption></figure> Sheep are <a href="/wiki/Herbivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivorous">herbivorous</a>. Most breeds prefer to graze on <a href="/wiki/Grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Grass">grass</a> and other short <a href="/wiki/Roughage" class="mw-redirect" title="Roughage">roughage</a>, avoiding the taller woody parts of plants that goats readily consume.<a href="#cite_note-Pugh,_pp._19-48">[48]</a> Both sheep and goats use their <a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">lips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongues</a> to select parts of the plant that are easier to digest or higher in nutrition.<a href="#cite_note-Pugh,_pp._19-48">[48]</a> Sheep, however, graze well in <a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">monoculture</a> pastures where most goats fare poorly.<a href="#cite_note-Pugh,_pp._19-48">[48]</a> Like all ruminants, sheep have a complex <a href="/wiki/Digestive_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive system">digestive system</a> composed of four chambers, allowing them to break down <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a> from stems, leaves, and seed hulls into simpler <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>. When sheep <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">graze</a>, vegetation is chewed into a mass called a <a href="/wiki/Bolus_(digestion)" title="Bolus (digestion)">bolus</a>, which is then passed into the <a href="/wiki/Rumen" title="Rumen">rumen</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Reticulum_(anatomy)" title="Reticulum (anatomy)">reticulum</a>. The rumen is a 19- to 38-liter (5 to 10 gallon) organ in which feed is <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermented</a>.<a href="#cite_note-simmons146-49">[49]</a> The fermenting organisms include bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> (Other important rumen organisms include some archaea, which produce methane from carbon dioxide.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>) The bolus is periodically regurgitated back to the mouth as <a href="/wiki/Cud" title="Cud">cud</a> for additional chewing and <a href="/wiki/Salivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Salivation">salivation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-simmons146-49">[49]</a> After fermentation in the rumen, feed passes into the <a href="/wiki/Reticulum_(anatomy)" title="Reticulum (anatomy)">reticulum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Omasum" title="Omasum">omasum</a>; special feeds such as grains may bypass the rumen altogether. After the first three chambers, food moves into the <a href="/wiki/Abomasum" title="Abomasum">abomasum</a> for final digestion before processing by the <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestines</a>. The abomasum is the only one of the four chambers analogous to the human stomach, and is sometimes called the "true stomach".<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Other than forage, the other staple feed for sheep is <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a>, often during the winter months. The ability to thrive solely on pasture (even without hay) varies with breed, but all sheep can survive on this diet.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> Also included in some sheep's diets are <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>, either in a trace mix or in <a href="/wiki/Salt_lick" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt lick">licks</a>. Feed provided to sheep must be specially formulated, as most cattle, poultry, pig, and even some goat feeds contain levels of <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> that are lethal to sheep.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> The same danger applies to mineral supplements such as <a href="/wiki/Salt_lick" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt lick">salt licks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grazing_behavior">Grazing behavior</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grazing,_rotational.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Grazing%2C_rotational.svg/290px-Grazing%2C_rotational.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Grazing%2C_rotational.svg/435px-Grazing%2C_rotational.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Grazing%2C_rotational.svg/580px-Grazing%2C_rotational.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rotational_grazing" title="Rotational grazing">Rotational grazing</a> allows farmers to avoid <a href="/wiki/Overgrazing" title="Overgrazing">overgrazing</a>. </figcaption></figure> Sheep follow a <a href="/wiki/Diurnality" title="Diurnality">diurnal</a> pattern of activity, feeding from dawn to dusk, stopping sporadically to rest and chew their <a href="/wiki/Cud" title="Cud">cud</a>. Ideal pasture for sheep is not lawnlike grass, but an array of <a href="/wiki/Grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Grass">grasses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forb" title="Forb">forbs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Types of land where sheep are raised vary widely, from pastures that are seeded and improved intentionally to rough, native lands. Common plants toxic to sheep are present in most of the world, and include (but are not limited to) cherry, some oaks and acorns, tomato, <a href="/wiki/Taxus" title="Taxus">yew</a>, rhubarb, potato, and <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">rhododendron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Sheep are largely <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a> herbivores, unlike <a href="/wiki/Browsing_(predation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Browsing (predation)">browsing</a> animals such as goats and deer that prefer taller foliage. With a much narrower face, sheep crop plants very close to the ground and can <a href="/wiki/Overgraze" class="mw-redirect" title="Overgraze">overgraze</a> a pasture much faster than cattle.<a href="#cite_note-begin-29">[29]</a> For this reason, many shepherds use <a href="/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazing" class="mw-redirect" title="Managed intensive rotational grazing">managed intensive rotational grazing</a>, where a flock is rotated through multiple pastures, giving plants time to recover.<a href="#cite_note-begin-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-modern-33">[33]</a> Paradoxically, sheep can both cause and solve the spread of <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive plant species</a>. By disturbing the natural state of pasture, sheep and other livestock can pave the way for invasive plants. However, sheep also prefer to eat invasives such as <a href="/wiki/Cheatgrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheatgrass">cheatgrass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_virgata" title="Euphorbia virgata">leafy spurge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kudzu" title="Kudzu">kudzu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spotted_knapweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotted knapweed">spotted knapweed</a> over native species such as <a href="/wiki/Sagebrush" title="Sagebrush">sagebrush</a>, making grazing sheep effective for <a href="/wiki/Conservation_grazing" title="Conservation grazing">conservation grazing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Research conducted in <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial County, California</a> compared lamb grazing with <a href="/wiki/Herbicides" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbicides">herbicides</a> for <a href="/wiki/Weed" title="Weed">weed</a> control in seedling <a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">alfalfa</a> fields. Three trials demonstrated that grazing lambs were just as effective as herbicides in controlling winter weeds. <a href="/wiki/Entomologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Entomologist">Entomologists</a> also compared grazing lambs to <a href="/wiki/Insecticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Insecticides">insecticides</a> for insect control in winter alfalfa. In this trial, lambs provided insect control as effectively as insecticides.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flock_behavior">Flock behavior</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg/220px-Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg/330px-Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg/440px-Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1733" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>Sheep showing flocking behavior during a <a href="/wiki/Sheepdog_trial" title="Sheepdog trial">sheepdog trial</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herding_sheep353_(edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Herding_sheep353_%28edited%29.jpg/220px-Herding_sheep353_%28edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Herding_sheep353_%28edited%29.jpg/330px-Herding_sheep353_%28edited%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Herding_sheep353_%28edited%29.jpg/440px-Herding_sheep353_%28edited%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5308" data-file-height="3537" /></a><figcaption>Shepherd herding a flock in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></figcaption></figure> Sheep are <a href="/wiki/Herd_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Herd animal">flock</a> animals and strongly gregarious; much sheep behavior can be understood on the basis of these tendencies. The <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy" title="Dominance hierarchy">dominance hierarchy</a> of sheep and their natural inclination to follow a leader to new pastures were the pivotal factors in sheep being one of the first domesticated livestock species.<a href="#cite_note-wild-58">[58]</a> Furthermore, in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gazelle" title="Gazelle">gazelle</a> (two other ungulates of primary importance to meat production in prehistoric times), sheep do not defend <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territories</a> although they do form <a href="/wiki/Home_ranges" class="mw-redirect" title="Home ranges">home ranges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CluttonBrock,_(1987)-59">[59]</a> All sheep have a tendency to congregate close to other members of a flock, although this behavior varies with breed,<a href="#cite_note-smith5-30">[30]</a> and sheep can become stressed when separated from their flock members.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> During flocking, sheep have a strong tendency to follow, and a leader may simply be the first individual to move. Relationships in flocks tend to be closest among related sheep: in mixed-breed flocks, subgroups of the same breed tend to form, and a ewe and her direct descendants often move as a unit within large flocks.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> Sheep can become <a href="/wiki/Hefted" class="mw-redirect" title="Hefted">hefted</a> to one particular local pasture (heft) so they do not roam freely in unfenced landscapes. Lambs learn the heft from ewes and if whole flocks are culled it must be retaught to the replacement animals.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Flock behaviour in sheep is generally only exhibited in groups of four or more sheep; fewer sheep may not react as expected when alone or with few other sheep.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> Being a prey species, the primary defense mechanism of sheep is to flee from danger when their <a href="/wiki/Flight_zone" title="Flight zone">flight zone</a> is entered. Cornered sheep may charge and butt, or threaten by hoof stamping and adopting an aggressive posture. This is particularly true for ewes with newborn lambs.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> In regions where sheep have no natural predators, none of the native breeds of sheep exhibit a strong flocking behavior.<a href="#cite_note-begin-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Herding">Herding</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Round_%27em_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Round_%27em_up.jpg/220px-Round_%27em_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Round_%27em_up.jpg/330px-Round_%27em_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Round_%27em_up.jpg/440px-Round_%27em_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Escaped sheep being led back to pasture with the enticement of food. This method of moving sheep works best with smaller flocks.</figcaption></figure> Farmers exploit flocking behavior to keep sheep together on unfenced pastures such as <a href="/wiki/Hill_farming" title="Hill farming">hill farming</a>, and to move them more easily. For this purpose shepherds may use <a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">herding dogs</a> in this effort, with a highly bred <a href="/wiki/Herding" title="Herding">herding</a> ability. Sheep are food-oriented, and association of humans with regular feeding often results in sheep soliciting people for food.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Those who are moving sheep may exploit this behavior by leading sheep with buckets of feed.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominance_hierarchy">Dominance hierarchy</h3></div> Sheep establish a <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy" title="Dominance hierarchy">dominance hierarchy</a> through fighting, threats and competitiveness. Dominant animals are inclined to be more aggressive with other sheep, and usually feed first at <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trough" class="extiw" title="wikt:trough">troughs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Primarily among rams, horn size is a factor in the flock hierarchy.<a href="#cite_note-Budiansky78-65">[65]</a> Rams with different size horns may be less inclined to fight to establish the dominance order, while rams with similarly sized horns are more so.<a href="#cite_note-Budiansky78-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Merino" title="Merino">Merinos</a> have an almost linear hierarchy whereas there is a less rigid structure in Border Leicesters when a competitive feeding situation arises.<a href="#cite_note-Squires_and_Daws,_(1975)-66">[66]</a> In sheep, position in a moving flock is highly correlated with social dominance, but there is no definitive study to show consistent voluntary leadership by an individual sheep.<a href="#cite_note-Squires_and_Daws,_(1975)-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intelligence_and_learning_ability">Intelligence and learning ability</h3></div> Sheep are frequently thought of as <a href="/wiki/Animal_cognition" title="Animal cognition">unintelligent animals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Their flocking behavior and quickness to flee and panic can make shepherding a difficult endeavor for the uninitiated. Despite these perceptions, a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois system">University of Illinois</a> <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">monograph</a> on sheep reported their intelligence to be just below that of pigs and on par with that of cattle.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> In a study published in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> in 2001, Kenneth M. Kendrick and others reported; "Sheep recognize and are attracted to individual sheep and humans by their faces, as they possess similar specialized neural systems in the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_lobe" title="Temporal lobe">temporal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frontal_lobe" title="Frontal lobe">frontal lobes</a> ... individual sheep can remember 50 other different sheep faces for over 2 years".<a href="#cite_note-nature-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-minds-69">[69]</a> In addition to long-term facial recognition of individuals, sheep can also differentiate emotional states through facial characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-nature-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-minds-69">[69]</a> If worked with patiently, sheep may learn their names, and many sheep are trained to be led by <a href="/wiki/Halter" title="Halter">halter</a> for showing and other purposes.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> Sheep have also responded well to <a href="/wiki/Clicker_training" title="Clicker training">clicker training</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> Sheep have been used as pack animals; <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a> nomads distribute baggage equally throughout a flock as it is herded between living sites.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> It has been reported that some sheep have apparently shown problem-solving abilities; a flock in <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, allegedly found a way to get over <a href="/wiki/Cattle_grid" title="Cattle grid">cattle grids</a> by rolling on their backs, although documentation of this has relied on anecdotal accounts.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocalisations">Vocalisations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Baa Baa" redirects here. For the nursery rhyme, see <a href="/wiki/Baa,_Baa,_Black_Sheep" title="Baa, Baa, Black Sheep">Baa, Baa, Black Sheep</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheep_bleating.ogg" title="File:Sheep bleating.ogg">A sheep bleating</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="9" data-mwtitle="Sheep_bleating.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Sheep_bleating.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Sheep_bleating.ogg/Sheep_bleating.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">A sheep bleat</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> Sounds made by domestic sheep include bleats, grunts, rumbles and snorts. Bleating ("baaing") is used mostly for contact communication, especially between dam and lambs, but also at times between other flock members.<a href="#cite_note-Lynch1992-71">[71]</a> The bleats of individual sheep are distinctive, enabling the ewe and her lambs to recognize each other's vocalizations.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Vocal communication between lambs and their dam declines to a very low level within several weeks after parturition.<a href="#cite_note-Lynch1992-71">[71]</a> A variety of bleats may be heard, depending on sheep age and circumstances. Apart from contact communication, bleating may signal distress, frustration or impatience; however, sheep are usually silent when in pain. Isolation commonly prompts bleating by sheep.<a href="#cite_note-Dwyer2008b-73">[73]</a> Pregnant ewes may grunt when in labor.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Rumbling sounds are made by the ram during courting; somewhat similar rumbling sounds may be made by the ewe,<a href="#cite_note-Lynch1992-71">[71]</a> especially when with her neonate lambs. A snort (explosive exhalation through the nostrils) may signal aggression or a warning,<a href="#cite_note-Lynch1992-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> and is often elicited from startled sheep.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senses">Senses</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_curious_Welsh_Mountain_sheep_(Ovis_aries).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/A_curious_Welsh_Mountain_sheep_%28Ovis_aries%29.jpg/220px-A_curious_Welsh_Mountain_sheep_%28Ovis_aries%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/A_curious_Welsh_Mountain_sheep_%28Ovis_aries%29.jpg/330px-A_curious_Welsh_Mountain_sheep_%28Ovis_aries%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/A_curious_Welsh_Mountain_sheep_%28Ovis_aries%29.jpg/440px-A_curious_Welsh_Mountain_sheep_%28Ovis_aries%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>Welsh Mountain sheep</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamb_09807-a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lamb_09807-a.jpg/220px-Lamb_09807-a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lamb_09807-a.jpg/330px-Lamb_09807-a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lamb_09807-a.jpg/440px-Lamb_09807-a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Lamb</figcaption></figure> In sheep breeds lacking facial wool, the visual field is wide. In 10 sheep (Cambridge, Lleyn and Welsh Mountain breeds, which lack facial wool), the visual field ranged from 298° to 325°, averaging 313.1°, with binocular overlap ranging from 44.5° to 74°, averaging 61.7°.<a href="#cite_note-Piggins1996-77">[77]</a> In some breeds, unshorn facial wool can limit the visual field; in some individuals, this may be enough to cause "wool blindness". In 60 Merinos, visual fields ranged from 219.1° to 303.0°, averaging 269.9°, and the binocular field ranged from 8.9° to 77.7°, averaging 47.5°; 36% of the measurements were limited by wool,<a href="#cite_note-Hutson1980-78">[78]</a> although photographs of the experiments indicate that only limited facial wool regrowth had occurred since shearing. In addition to facial wool (in some breeds), visual field limitations can include ears and (in some breeds) horns,<a href="#cite_note-Hutson1980-78">[78]</a> so the visual field can be extended by tilting the head. Sheep eyes exhibit very low <a href="/wiki/Hyperopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperopia">hyperopia</a> and little <a href="/wiki/Astigmatism_(eye)" class="mw-redirect" title="Astigmatism (eye)">astigmatism</a>. Such visual characteristics are likely to produce a well-focused retinal image of objects in both the middle and long distance.<a href="#cite_note-Piggins1996-77">[77]</a> Because sheep eyes have no <a href="/wiki/Accommodation_(eye)" class="mw-redirect" title="Accommodation (eye)">accommodation</a>, one might expect the image of very near objects to be blurred, but a rather clear near image could be provided by the <a href="/wiki/Tapetum_lucidum" title="Tapetum lucidum">tapetum</a> and large retinal image of the sheep's eye, and adequate close vision may occur at muzzle length.<a href="#cite_note-Piggins1996-77">[77]</a> Good depth perception, inferred from the sheep's sure-footedness, was confirmed in "visual cliff" experiments;<a href="#cite_note-Hutson1980-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> behavioral responses indicating depth perception are seen in lambs at one day old.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Sheep are thought to have colour vision, and can distinguish between a variety of colours: black, red, brown, green, yellow, and white.<a href="#cite_note-Alexander_and_Shillito,_(1978)-81">[81]</a> Sight is a vital part of sheep communication, and when grazing, they maintain visual contact with each other.<a href="#cite_note-Kilgour,_(1977)-82">[82]</a> Each sheep lifts its head upwards to check the position of other sheep in the flock. This constant monitoring is probably what keeps the sheep in a flock as they move along grazing. Sheep become stressed when isolated; this stress is reduced if they are provided with a mirror, indicating that the sight of other sheep reduces stress.<a href="#cite_note-Parrott,_(1990)-83">[83]</a> Taste is the most important sense in sheep, establishing forage preferences, with sweet and sour plants being preferred and bitter plants being more commonly rejected. Touch and sight are also important in relation to specific plant characteristics, such as succulence and growth form.<a href="#cite_note-Krueger,_et_al.,_(1974)-84">[84]</a> The ram uses his <a href="/wiki/Vomeronasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vomeronasal">vomeronasal</a> organ (sometimes called the Jacobson's organ) to sense the pheromones of ewes and detect when they are in <a href="/wiki/Estrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrus">estrus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The ewe uses her vomeronasal organ for early recognition of her neonate lamb.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep_reproduction" title="Domestic sheep reproduction">Domestic sheep reproduction</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheep_in_Yorkshire_Dales2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sheep_in_Yorkshire_Dales2.jpg/220px-Sheep_in_Yorkshire_Dales2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sheep_in_Yorkshire_Dales2.jpg/330px-Sheep_in_Yorkshire_Dales2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sheep_in_Yorkshire_Dales2.jpg/440px-Sheep_in_Yorkshire_Dales2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2252" /></a><figcaption>4-week-old lambs in the Yorkshire Dales</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emerging_lamb_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Emerging_lamb_cropped.jpg/220px-Emerging_lamb_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Emerging_lamb_cropped.jpg/330px-Emerging_lamb_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Emerging_lamb_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>The second of twins being born</figcaption></figure> Sheep follow a similar <a href="/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction">reproductive</a> strategy to other herd animals. A group of ewes is generally mated by a single ram, who has either been chosen by a breeder or (in <a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral">feral</a> populations) has established dominance through physical contest with other rams.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> Most sheep are <a href="/wiki/Seasonal_breeder" title="Seasonal breeder">seasonal breeders</a>, although some are able to breed year-round.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> Ewes generally reach sexual maturity at six to eight months old, and rams generally at four to six months.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> However, there are exceptions. For example, Finnsheep ewe lambs may reach puberty as early as 3 to 4 months, and Merino ewes sometimes reach puberty at 18 to 20 months.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Ewes have <a href="/wiki/Estrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrus">estrus</a> cycles about every 17 days,<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> during which they emit a scent and indicate readiness through physical displays towards rams. In feral sheep, rams may fight during the <a href="/wiki/Rut_(mammalian_reproduction)" title="Rut (mammalian reproduction)">rut</a> to determine which individuals may mate with ewes. Rams, especially unfamiliar ones, will also fight outside the breeding period to establish dominance; rams can kill one another if allowed to mix freely.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> During the rut, even usually friendly rams may become aggressive towards humans due to increases in their hormone levels.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> After mating, sheep have a <a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a> period of about five months,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> and normal labor takes one to three hours.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Although some breeds regularly throw larger litters of lambs, most produce single or twin lambs.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-quints-91">[91]</a> During or soon after labor, ewes and lambs may be confined to small <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sheep_husbandry" title="Glossary of sheep husbandry">lambing jugs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> small pens designed to aid both careful observation of ewes and to cement the bond between them and their lambs.<a href="#cite_note-modern-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamb_first_steps_(edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lamb_first_steps_%28edited%29.jpg/220px-Lamb_first_steps_%28edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lamb_first_steps_%28edited%29.jpg/330px-Lamb_first_steps_%28edited%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lamb_first_steps_%28edited%29.jpg/440px-Lamb_first_steps_%28edited%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>A lamb's first steps</figcaption></figure> Ovine <a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">obstetrics</a> can be problematic. By selectively breeding ewes that produce multiple offspring with higher birth weights for generations, sheep producers have inadvertently caused some domestic sheep to have difficulty lambing; balancing ease of lambing with high productivity is one of the dilemmas of sheep breeding.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In the case of any such problems, those present at lambing may assist the ewe by extracting or repositioning lambs.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> After the birth, ewes ideally break the <a href="/wiki/Amniotic_sac" title="Amniotic sac">amniotic sac</a> (if it is not broken during labor), and begin licking clean the lamb.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> Most lambs will begin standing within an hour of birth.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> In normal situations, lambs nurse after standing, receiving vital <a href="/wiki/Colostrum" title="Colostrum">colostrum</a> milk. Lambs that either fail to nurse or are rejected by the ewe require help to survive, such as bottle-feeding or fostering by another ewe.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Most lambs begin life being born outdoors. After lambs are several weeks old, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sheep_husbandry" title="Glossary of sheep husbandry">lamb marking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sheep_husbandry" title="Glossary of sheep husbandry">ear tagging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Docking_(animal)" title="Docking (animal)">docking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulesing" title="Mulesing">mulesing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Castrating" class="mw-redirect" title="Castrating">castrating</a>) is carried out.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> Vaccinations are usually carried out at this point as well. Ear tags with numbers are attached, or ear marks are applied, for ease of later identification of sheep. Docking and castration are commonly done after 24 hours (to avoid interference with maternal bonding and consumption of colostrum) and are often done not later than one week after birth, to minimize pain, stress, recovery time and complications.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The first course of vaccinations (commonly anti-clostridial) is commonly given at an age of about 10 to 12 weeks; i.e. when the concentration of maternal antibodies passively acquired via colostrum is expected to have fallen low enough to permit development of active immunity.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Ewes are often revaccinated annually about 3 weeks before lambing, to provide high antibody concentrations in colostrum during the first several hours after lambing.<a href="#cite_note-Kimberling,_C._V_1988-100">[100]</a> Ram lambs that will either be slaughtered or separated from ewes before sexual maturity are not usually castrated.<a href="#cite_note-modern-33">[33]</a> Objections to all these procedures have been raised by animal rights groups, but farmers defend them by saying they save money, and inflict only temporary pain.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> Sheep are the only species of mammal except for humans which exhibit <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_behavior_in_sheep" title="Homosexual behavior in sheep">exclusive homosexual behavior</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Poiani2010-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-levay-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roselli2011-103">[103]</a> About 10% of rams refuse to mate with ewes but readily mate with other rams,<a href="#cite_note-levay-102">[102]</a> and thirty percent of all rams demonstrate at least some homosexual behavior.<a href="#cite_note-Merck-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-105">[105]</a> Additionally, a small number of females that were accompanied by a male fetus in utero (i.e. as <a href="/wiki/Twins#Dizygotic_(fraternal)_twins" class="mw-redirect" title="Twins">fraternal twins</a>) are <a href="/wiki/Freemartin" title="Freemartin">freemartins</a> (female animals that are behaviorally masculine and lack functioning <a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">ovaries</a>).<a href="#cite_note-freemartin-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scrapie_testing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Scrapie_testing.jpg/170px-Scrapie_testing.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Scrapie_testing.jpg/255px-Scrapie_testing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Scrapie_testing.jpg/340px-Scrapie_testing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1769" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>A veterinarian draws blood to test for resistance to scrapie.</figcaption></figure> Sheep may fall victim to poisons, <a href="/wiki/List_of_infectious_sheep_and_goat_diseases" title="List of infectious sheep and goat diseases">infectious diseases</a>, and physical injuries. As a prey species, a sheep's system is adapted to hide the obvious signs of illness, to prevent being targeted by predators.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> However, some signs of ill health are obvious, with sick sheep eating little, vocalizing excessively, and being generally listless.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Throughout history, much of the money and labor of sheep husbandry has aimed to prevent sheep ailments. Historically, shepherds often created remedies by experimentation on the farm. In some developed countries, including the United States, sheep lack the economic importance for drug companies to perform expensive clinical trials required to approve more than a relatively limited number of drugs for ovine use.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> However, extra-label drug use in sheep production is permitted in many jurisdictions, subject to certain restrictions. In the US, for example, regulations governing extra-label drug use in animals are found in 21 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 530.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In the 20th and 21st centuries, a minority of sheep owners have turned to alternative treatments such as <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">herbalism</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a> to treat sheep veterinary problems.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> Despite some favorable <a href="/wiki/Anecdotal_evidence" title="Anecdotal evidence">anecdotal evidence</a>, the effectiveness of alternative veterinary medicine has been met with skepticism in <a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">scientific journals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The need for traditional anti-parasite drugs and <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotics</a> is widespread, and is the main impediment to certified <a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">organic farming</a> with sheep.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> Many breeders take a variety of <a href="/wiki/Preventive_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive medicine">preventive measures</a> to ward off problems. The first is to ensure all sheep are healthy when purchased. Many buyers avoid outlets known to be clearing houses for animals culled from healthy flocks as either sick or simply inferior.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> This can also mean maintaining a closed flock, and <a href="/wiki/Quarantine" title="Quarantine">quarantining</a> new sheep for a month. Two fundamental preventive programs are maintaining good nutrition and reducing stress in the sheep. Restraint, isolation, loud noises, novel situations, pain, heat, extreme cold, fatigue and other stressors can lead to secretion of cortisol, a stress hormone, in amounts that may indicate welfare problems.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gregory,_N._G_1998-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moberg,_G._P_2000._pp._1-21-117">[117]</a> Excessive stress can compromise the immune system.<a href="#cite_note-Moberg,_G._P_2000._pp._1-21-117">[117]</a> "Shipping fever" (pneumonic mannheimiosis, formerly called pasteurellosis) is a disease of particular concern, that can occur as a result of stress, notably during transport and (or) handling.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Pain, fear and several other stressors can cause secretion of epinephrine (adrenaline). Considerable epinephrine secretion in the final days before slaughter can adversely affect meat quality (by causing glycogenolysis, removing the substrate for normal post-slaughter acidification of meat) and result in meat becoming more susceptible to colonization by spoilage bacteria.<a href="#cite_note-Gregory,_N._G_1998-115">[115]</a> Because of such issues, low-stress handling is essential in sheep management. Avoiding poisoning is also important; common poisons are <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticide</a> sprays, inorganic <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motor_oil" title="Motor oil">motor oil</a>, as well as radiator coolant containing ethylene glycol.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheep_with_orf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sheep_with_orf.jpg/220px-Sheep_with_orf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sheep_with_orf.jpg/330px-Sheep_with_orf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sheep_with_orf.jpg/440px-Sheep_with_orf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>A sheep infected with <a href="/wiki/Orf_(disease)" title="Orf (disease)">orf</a>, a disease transmittable to humans through skin contact</figcaption></figure> Common forms of preventive medication for sheep are <a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">vaccinations</a> and treatments for <a href="/wiki/Parasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasites">parasites</a>. Both external and internal parasites are the most prevalent malady in sheep, and are either fatal, or reduce the productivity of flocks.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">Worms</a> are the most common internal parasites. They are ingested during grazing, incubate within the sheep, and are expelled through the digestive system (beginning the cycle again). Oral anti-parasitic medicines, known as <a href="/wiki/Deworming" title="Deworming">drenches</a>, are given to a flock to treat worms, sometimes after worm eggs in the feces has been counted to assess infestation levels. Afterwards, sheep may be moved to a new pasture to avoid ingesting the same parasites.<a href="#cite_note-modern-33">[33]</a> External sheep parasites include: lice (for different parts of the body), sheep <a href="/wiki/Hippoboscidae" title="Hippoboscidae">keds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nose_bot" class="mw-redirect" title="Nose bot">nose bots</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psorergates_ovis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psorergates ovis (page does not exist)">sheep itch mites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maggot" title="Maggot">maggots</a>. Keds are blood-sucking parasites that cause general malnutrition and decreased productivity, but are not fatal. Maggots are those of the <a href="/wiki/Bot_fly" class="mw-redirect" title="Bot fly">bot fly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Blow-fly" class="mw-redirect" title="Blow-fly">blow-fly</a>, commonly <a href="/wiki/Common_green_bottle_fly" title="Common green bottle fly">Lucilia sericata</a> or its relative L. cuprina. Fly maggots cause the extremely destructive condition of <a href="/wiki/Flystrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Flystrike">flystrike</a>. Flies lay their eggs in wounds or wet, manure-soiled wool; when the maggots hatch they burrow into a sheep's flesh, eventually causing death if untreated. In addition to other treatments, <a href="/wiki/Crutching" title="Crutching">crutching</a> (shearing wool from a sheep's rump) is a common preventive method. Some countries allow <a href="/wiki/Mulesing" title="Mulesing">mulesing</a>, a practice that involves stripping away the skin on the rump to prevent fly-strike, normally performed when the sheep is a lamb.<a href="#cite_note-DPI_SOP-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-Model_Code-122">[122]</a> Nose bots are fly larvae that inhabit a sheep's <a href="/wiki/Paranasal_sinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paranasal sinus">sinuses</a>, causing breathing difficulties and discomfort. Common signs are a discharge from the nasal passage, sneezing, and frantic movement such as head shaking. External parasites may be controlled through the use of <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sheep_husbandry" title="Glossary of sheep husbandry">backliners</a>, sprays or immersive <a href="/wiki/Sheep_dip" title="Sheep dip">sheep dips</a>.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huda_Ram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Huda_Ram.jpg/220px-Huda_Ram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Huda_Ram.jpg/330px-Huda_Ram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Huda_Ram.jpg/440px-Huda_Ram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Uda_sheep" title="Uda sheep">Uda</a> ram, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></figcaption></figure> A wide array of bacterial and viral diseases affect sheep. Diseases of the hoof, such as <a href="/wiki/Foot_rot" title="Foot rot">foot rot</a> and foot scald may occur, and are treated with footbaths and other remedies. <a href="/wiki/Foot_rot" title="Foot rot">Foot rot</a> is present in over 97% of flocks in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> These painful conditions cause lameness and hinder feeding. Ovine <a href="/wiki/Johne%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Johne's disease">Johne's disease</a> is a wasting disease that affects young sheep. <a href="/wiki/Bluetongue_disease" title="Bluetongue disease">Bluetongue disease</a> is an insect-borne illness causing fever and inflammation of the <a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">mucous membranes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ovine_rinderpest" title="Ovine rinderpest">Ovine rinderpest</a> (or peste des petits ruminants) is a highly contagious and often fatal <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viral</a> disease affecting sheep and goats. Sheep may also be affected by primary<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> or secondary photosensitization. <a href="/wiki/Tetanus" title="Tetanus">Tetanus</a> can also afflict sheep through wounds from <a href="/wiki/Sheep_shearing" title="Sheep shearing">shearing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Docking_(animal)" title="Docking (animal)">docking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castration</a>, or vaccination. The organism also can be introduced into the reproductive tract by unsanitary humans who assist ewes during lambing.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> A few sheep conditions are transmissible to humans. <a href="/wiki/Orf_(animal_disease)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orf (animal disease)">Orf</a> (also known as scabby mouth, contagious ecthyma or soremouth) is a skin disease leaving lesions that is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Cutaneous <a href="/wiki/Anthrax" title="Anthrax">anthrax</a> is also called woolsorter's disease, as the spores can be transmitted in unwashed wool. More seriously, the organisms that can cause spontaneous enzootic <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> in sheep are easily transmitted to pregnant women. Also of concern are the <a href="/wiki/Prion" title="Prion">prion</a> disease <a href="/wiki/Scrapie" title="Scrapie">scrapie</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virus</a> that causes <a href="/wiki/Foot-and-mouth_disease" title="Foot-and-mouth disease">foot-and-mouth disease</a> (FMD), as both can devastate flocks. The latter poses a slight risk to humans. During the 2001 FMD pandemic in the UK, hundreds of sheep were culled and some rare British breeds were at risk of extinction due to this.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> Of the 600,300 sheep lost to the US economy in 2004, 37.3% were lost to predators, while 26.5% were lost to some form of disease. Poisoning accounted for 1.7% of non-productive deaths.<a href="#cite_note-nass-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predators">Predators</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep_predation" title="Domestic sheep predation">Domestic sheep predation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coyotekilling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coyotekilling.jpg/220px-Coyotekilling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coyotekilling.jpg/330px-Coyotekilling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coyotekilling.jpg/440px-Coyotekilling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>A lamb being attacked by <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a> with a bite to the throat</figcaption></figure> Other than parasites and disease, <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predation</a> is a threat to sheep and the profitability of sheep raising. Sheep have little ability to defend themselves, compared with other species kept as livestock. Even if sheep survive an attack, they may die from their injuries or simply from panic.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> However, the impact of predation varies dramatically with region. In Africa, Australia, the Americas, and parts of Europe and Asia predators are a serious problem. In the United States, for instance, over one third of sheep deaths in 2004 were caused by predation.<a href="#cite_note-nass-126">[126]</a> In contrast, other nations are virtually devoid of sheep predators, particularly islands known for extensive sheep husbandry.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> Worldwide, <a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">canids</a>—including the domestic dog—are responsible for most sheep deaths.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-canids-129">[129]</a> Other animals that occasionally prey on sheep include: felines, bears, birds of prey, ravens and <a href="/wiki/Razorback" class="mw-redirect" title="Razorback">feral hogs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nass-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Sheep producers have used a wide variety of measures to combat predation. Pre-modern shepherds used their own presence, <a href="/wiki/Livestock_guardian_dog" title="Livestock guardian dog">livestock guardian dogs</a>, and protective structures such as barns and fencing. Fencing (both regular and <a href="/wiki/Electric_fence" title="Electric fence">electric</a>), penning sheep at night and lambing indoors all continue to be widely used.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> More modern shepherds used guns, <a href="/wiki/Animal_trapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal trapping">traps</a>, and poisons to kill predators,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> causing significant decreases in predator populations. In the wake of the environmental and conservation movements, the use of these methods now usually falls under the purview of specially designated government agencies in most developed countries.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The 1970s saw a resurgence in the use of livestock guardian dogs and the development of new methods of predator control by sheep producers, many of them non-lethal.<a href="#cite_note-modern-33">[33]</a> Donkeys and <a href="/wiki/Guard_llama" title="Guard llama">guard llamas</a> have been used since the 1980s in sheep operations, using the same basic principle as livestock guardian dogs.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> Interspecific pasturing, usually with larger livestock such as cattle or horses, may help to deter predators, even if such species do not actively guard sheep.<a href="#cite_note-living-42">[42]</a> In addition to animal guardians, contemporary sheep operations may use non-lethal predator deterrents such as motion-activated lights and noisy alarms.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_importance">Economic importance</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_economics" title="Agricultural economics">Agricultural economics</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ededed;">Global sheep stock</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#ededed;">in 2019</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Number in millions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1. China</th><td class="infobox-data">163.5 (13.19%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2. India</th><td class="infobox-data">74.3 (5.99%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">3. Australia</th><td class="infobox-data">65.8 (5.31%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">4. Nigeria</th><td class="infobox-data">46.9 (3.78%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">5. Iran</th><td class="infobox-data">41.3 (3.33%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">6. Sudan</th><td class="infobox-data">40.9 (3.3%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">7. Chad</th><td class="infobox-data">35.9 (2.9%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">8. Turkey</th><td class="infobox-data">35.2 (2.84%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">9. United Kingdom</th><td class="infobox-data">33.6 (2.71%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">10. Mongolia</th><td class="infobox-data">32.3 (2.61%)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">World total</th><td class="infobox-data">1,239.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Source: UN <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shorn_sheep_for_sale._Kashgar_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Shorn_sheep_for_sale._Kashgar_market.jpg/220px-Shorn_sheep_for_sale._Kashgar_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Shorn_sheep_for_sale._Kashgar_market.jpg/330px-Shorn_sheep_for_sale._Kashgar_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Shorn_sheep_for_sale._Kashgar_market.jpg/440px-Shorn_sheep_for_sale._Kashgar_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Shorn sheep for sale, <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a> market, 2011</figcaption></figure> Sheep are an important part of the global agricultural economy. However, their once vital status has been largely replaced by other livestock species, especially the pig, chicken, and cow.<a href="#cite_note-modern-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> have the largest modern flocks, and serve both local and exportation needs for wool and mutton.<a href="#cite_note-NQR-133">[133]</a> Other countries such as New Zealand have smaller flocks but retain a large international economic impact due to their export of sheep products. Sheep also play a major role in many local economies, which may be niche markets focused on organic or <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">sustainable agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Locavore" class="mw-redirect" title="Locavore">local food</a> customers.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Especially in <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a>, such flocks may be a part of <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">subsistence agriculture</a> rather than a system of trade. Sheep themselves may be a medium of trade in <a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">barter economies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg/220px-ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg/330px-ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg/440px-ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Wool supplied by Australian farmers to dealers (tonnes/quarter) has been in decline since 1990.</figcaption></figure> Domestic sheep provide a wide array of raw materials. Wool was one of the first textiles, although in the late 20th century wool prices began to fall dramatically as the result of the popularity and cheap prices for <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">synthetic fabrics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> For many sheep owners, the cost of shearing is greater than the possible profit from the fleece, making subsisting on wool production alone practically impossible without <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_subsidy" title="Agricultural subsidy">farm subsidies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> Fleeces are used as material in making alternative products such as <a href="/wiki/Wool_insulation" title="Wool insulation">wool insulation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In the 21st century, the sale of meat is the most profitable enterprise in the sheep industry, even though far less sheep meat is consumed than chicken, pork or beef.<a href="#cite_note-modern-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheepskin" title="Sheepskin">Sheepskin</a> is likewise used for making clothes, footwear, rugs, and other products. Byproducts from the slaughter of sheep are also of value: sheep <a href="/wiki/Tallow" title="Tallow">tallow</a> can be used in candle and soap making, sheep bone and <a href="/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage">cartilage</a> has been used to furnish carved items such as dice and buttons as well as rendered glue and <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Sheep <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestine</a> can be formed into sausage casings, and lamb intestine has been formed into <a href="/wiki/Surgical_suture" title="Surgical suture">surgical sutures</a>, as well as strings for musical instruments and tennis rackets.<a href="#cite_note-sheep_and_goat-16">[16]</a> Sheep droppings, which are high in <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>, have even been sterilized and mixed with traditional <a href="/wiki/Wood_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood pulp">pulp</a> materials to make paper.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Of all sheep byproducts, perhaps the most valuable is <a href="/wiki/Lanolin" title="Lanolin">lanolin</a>: the waterproof, fatty substance found naturally in sheep's wool and used as a base for innumerable <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a> and other products.<a href="#cite_note-sheep_and_goat-16">[16]</a> Some farmers who keep sheep also make a profit from live sheep. Providing lambs for youth programs such as <a href="/wiki/4-H" title="4-H">4-H</a> and competition at <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_show" title="Agricultural show">agricultural shows</a> is often a dependable avenue for the sale of sheep.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Farmers may also choose to focus on a particular breed of sheep in order to sell registered <a href="/wiki/Purebred" title="Purebred">purebred</a> animals, as well as provide a ram rental service for breeding.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> A new option for deriving profit from live sheep is the rental of flocks for grazing; these "<a href="/wiki/Lawn_mower" title="Lawn mower">mowing</a> services" are hired in order to keep unwanted vegetation down in public spaces and to lessen <a href="/wiki/Fire_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire hazard">fire hazard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Despite the falling demand and price for sheep products in many markets, sheep have distinct economic advantages when compared with other livestock. They do not require expensive housing,<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> such as that used in the <a href="/wiki/Intensive_farming" title="Intensive farming">intensive farming</a> of chickens or pigs. They are an efficient use of land; roughly six sheep can be kept on the amount that would suffice for a single cow or horse.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Sheep can also consume plants, such as noxious weeds, that most other animals will not touch, and produce more young at a faster rate.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Also, in contrast to most livestock species, the cost of raising sheep is not necessarily tied to the price of feed crops such as grain, soybeans and corn.<a href="#cite_note-wcf-144">[144]</a> Combined with the lower cost of quality sheep, all these factors combine to equal a lower <a href="/wiki/Overhead_(business)" title="Overhead (business)">overhead</a> for sheep producers, thus entailing a higher profitability potential for the small farmer.<a href="#cite_note-wcf-144">[144]</a> Sheep are especially beneficial for independent producers, including family farms with limited resources, as the sheep industry is one of the few types of animal agriculture that has not been <a href="/wiki/Vertically_integrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertically integrated">vertically integrated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Agribusiness" title="Agribusiness">agribusiness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> However, small flocks, from 10 to 50 ewes, often are not profitable because they tend to be poorly managed. The primary reason is that mechanization is not feasible, so return per hour of labor is not maximized. Small farm flocks generally are used simply to control weeds on irrigation ditches or maintained as a hobby.<a href="#cite_note-:0-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_food">As food</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb and mutton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheep_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep milk">Sheep milk</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sheep_milk_cheese" title="Sheep milk cheese">Sheep milk cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_sheep_milk_cheeses" title="List of sheep milk cheeses">List of sheep milk cheeses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Sheep%27s-milk_cheeses" title="Category:Sheep's-milk cheeses">Category:Sheep's-milk cheeses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sheep%27s_trotters" title="Sheep's trotters">Sheep's trotters</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamb_meat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lamb_meat.jpg/220px-Lamb_meat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lamb_meat.jpg/330px-Lamb_meat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lamb_meat.jpg/440px-Lamb_meat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1019" /></a><figcaption>Shoulder of lamb</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Emissions_Intensity_Of_Agricultural_Commodities_(2021).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/World_Emissions_Intensity_Of_Agricultural_Commodities_%282021%29.svg/220px-World_Emissions_Intensity_Of_Agricultural_Commodities_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/World_Emissions_Intensity_Of_Agricultural_Commodities_%282021%29.svg/330px-World_Emissions_Intensity_Of_Agricultural_Commodities_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/World_Emissions_Intensity_Of_Agricultural_Commodities_%282021%29.svg/440px-World_Emissions_Intensity_Of_Agricultural_Commodities_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>Sheep have the second highest <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> intensity of any agricultural commodity.</figcaption></figure> Sheep meat and milk were one of the earliest staple proteins consumed by human civilization after the transition from <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunting and gathering</a> to agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> Sheep meat prepared for food is known as either mutton or lamb, and approximately 540 million sheep are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> "Mutton" is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> moton, which was the word for sheep used by the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Anglo-Norman</a> rulers of much of the British Isles in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. This became the name for sheep meat in English, while the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word sceap was kept for the live animal.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Throughout modern history, "mutton" has been limited to the meat of mature sheep usually at least two years of age; "lamb" is used for that of immature sheep less than a year.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-ado-151">[151]</a> In the 21st century, the nations with the highest consumption of sheep meat are the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>, New Zealand, Australia, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, the United Kingdom and Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> These countries eat 14–40 lbs (3–18 kg) of sheep meat <a href="/wiki/Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Per_annum" title="Per annum">per annum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-ado-151">[151]</a> Sheep meat is also popular in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, Africa (especially the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ado-151">[151]</a> This often reflects a history of sheep production. In these countries in particular, dishes comprising alternative cuts and <a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">offal</a> may be popular or traditional. Sheep <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testicles</a>—called <a href="/wiki/Testicles_as_food" title="Testicles as food">animelles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lamb_fries" title="Lamb fries">lamb fries</a>—are considered a delicacy in many parts of the world. Perhaps the most unusual dish of sheep meat is the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Haggis" title="Haggis">haggis</a>, composed of various sheep <a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">innards</a> cooked along with oatmeal and chopped onions inside its stomach.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> In comparison, countries such as the U.S. consume only a pound or less (under 0.5 kg), with Americans eating 50 pounds (22 kg) of pork and 65 pounds (29 kg) of beef.<a href="#cite_note-ado-151">[151]</a> In addition, such countries rarely eat mutton, and may favor the more expensive cuts of lamb: mostly <a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">lamb chops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">leg of lamb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> Though sheep's milk may be drunk rarely in fresh form,<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> today it is used predominantly in cheese and yogurt making. Sheep have only two <a href="/wiki/Teat" title="Teat">teats</a>, and produce a far smaller volume of milk than cows.<a href="#cite_note-storey-24">[24]</a> However, as sheep's milk contains far more fat, <a href="/wiki/Powdered_milk" title="Powdered milk">solids</a>, and minerals than cow's milk, it is ideal for the cheese-making process.<a href="#cite_note-Pulina2-44">[44]</a> It also resists contamination during cooling better because of its much higher <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> content.<a href="#cite_note-Pulina2-44">[44]</a> Well-known cheeses made from sheep milk include the <a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">feta</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roquefort" title="Roquefort">Roquefort</a> of France, <a href="/wiki/Manchego" title="Manchego">Manchego</a> from Spain, the <a href="/wiki/Pecorino_Romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Pecorino Romano">pecorino romano</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> word for "sheep" is pecore) and <a href="/wiki/Ricotta" title="Ricotta">ricotta</a> of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. Yogurts, especially some forms of <a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">strained yogurt</a>, may also be made from sheep milk.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Many of these products are now often made with cow's milk, especially when produced outside their country of origin.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> Sheep milk contains 4.8% <a href="/wiki/Lactose" title="Lactose">lactose</a>, which may affect those who are <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">intolerant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> As with other domestic animals, the meat of uncastrated males is inferior in quality, especially as they grow. A "bucky" lamb is a lamb which was not castrated early enough, or which was castrated improperly (resulting in one testicle being retained). These lambs are worth less at market.<a href="#cite_note-buckylamb-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-buckylamb2-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-buckylamb3-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_science">In science</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolly_face_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dolly_face_closeup.jpg/220px-Dolly_face_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dolly_face_closeup.jpg/330px-Dolly_face_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dolly_face_closeup.jpg/440px-Dolly_face_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>A cloned ewe named <a href="/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)" title="Dolly (sheep)">Dolly</a> was a scientific landmark.</figcaption></figure> Sheep are generally too large and reproduce too slowly to make ideal research subjects, and thus are not a common <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">model organism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EU2005-158">[158]</a> They have, however, played an influential role in some fields of science. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/Roslin_Institute" title="Roslin Institute">Roslin Institute</a> of <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh, Scotland">Edinburgh, Scotland</a> used sheep for <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a> research that produced groundbreaking results. In 1995, two ewes named <a href="/wiki/Megan_and_Morag_(cloned_sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megan and Morag (cloned sheep)">Megan and Morag</a> were the first mammals <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloned</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" title="Cellular differentiation">differentiated cells</a>, also referred to as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynomerogony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gynomerogony (page does not exist)">gynomerogony</a>. A year later, a <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Dorset" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Dorset">Finnish Dorset</a> sheep named <a href="/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)" title="Dolly (sheep)">Dolly</a>, dubbed "the world's most famous sheep" in <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>,<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> was the first mammal to be <a href="/wiki/Cloned" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloned">cloned</a> from an adult <a href="/wiki/Somatic_cell" title="Somatic cell">somatic cell</a>. Following this, <a href="/wiki/Polly_and_Molly" title="Polly and Molly">Polly and Molly</a> were the first mammals to be simultaneously cloned and <a href="/wiki/Transgenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgenic">transgenic</a>. As of 2008, the sheep <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> has not been fully sequenced, although a detailed <a href="/wiki/Genetic_linkage" title="Genetic linkage">genetic map</a> has been published,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> and a draft version of the complete genome produced by assembling sheep DNA sequences using information given by the genomes of other mammals.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In 2012, a <a href="/wiki/Transgenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgenic">transgenic</a> sheep named "Peng Peng" was cloned by Chinese scientists, who spliced his genes with that of a roundworm (<a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans" title="Caenorhabditis elegans">C. elegans</a>) in order to increase production of fats healthier for human consumption.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In the study of <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a>, the population of <a href="/wiki/Soay_sheep" title="Soay sheep">Soay sheep</a> that remain on the island of <a href="/wiki/Hirta" title="Hirta">Hirta</a> have been used to explore the relation of body size and coloration to reproductive success.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Soay sheep come in several colors, and researchers investigated why the larger, darker sheep were in decline; this occurrence contradicted the rule of thumb that larger members of a population tend to be more successful reproductively.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The feral Soays on Hirta are especially useful subjects because they are isolated.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Domestic sheep are sometimes used in medical research, particularly for researching cardiovascular physiology, in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Pregnant sheep are also a useful model for human pregnancy,<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> and have been used to investigate the effects on fetal development of <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxia (medical)">hypoxia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral sciences">behavioral sciences</a>, sheep have been used in isolated cases for the study of <a href="/wiki/Face_perception" title="Face perception">facial recognition</a>, as their mental process of recognition is qualitatively similar to humans.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folklore_and_literature">Folklore and literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mammals_in_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals in culture">Mammals in culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fictional sheep">List of fictional sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellwether" title="Bellwether">Bellwether</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_sheep" title="Black sheep">Black sheep</a></div> Sheep have had a strong presence in many cultures, especially in areas where they form the most common type of livestock. In the English language, to call someone a sheep or ovine may allude that they are timid and easily led.<a href="#cite_note-mw-171">[171]</a> In contradiction to this image, male sheep are often used as symbols of virility and power; the logos of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a> football team and the <a href="/wiki/Dodge_Ram" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodge Ram">Dodge Ram</a> pickup truck allude to males of the <a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">bighorn sheep</a>, Ovis canadensis. <a href="/wiki/Counting_sheep" title="Counting sheep">Counting sheep</a> is popularly said to be an aid to sleep, and some <a href="/wiki/Yan_Tan_Tethera" class="mw-redirect" title="Yan Tan Tethera">ancient systems of counting sheep</a> persist today. Sheep also enter in colloquial sayings and <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">idiom</a> frequently with such phrases as "<a href="/wiki/Black_sheep" title="Black sheep">black sheep</a>". To call an individual a black sheep implies that they are an odd or disreputable member of a group.<a href="#cite_note-AHD-172">[172]</a> This usage derives from the recessive trait that causes an occasional black lamb to be born into an entirely white flock. These black sheep were considered undesirable by shepherds, as black wool is not as commercially viable as white wool.<a href="#cite_note-AHD-172">[172]</a> Citizens who accept overbearing governments have been referred to by the <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau word">Portmanteau</a> <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sheeple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheeple">sheeple</a>. Somewhat differently, the adjective "sheepish" is also used to describe embarrassment.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In British <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>, sheep appear in the form of rams, sheep proper and lambs. These are distinguished by the ram being depicted with horns and a tail, the sheep with neither and the lamb with its tail only. A further variant of the lamb, termed the <a href="/wiki/Paschal_lamb_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paschal lamb (heraldry)">Paschal lamb</a>, is depicted as carrying a <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a> and with a <a href="/wiki/Halo_(religious_iconography)" title="Halo (religious iconography)">halo</a> over its head. Rams' heads, portrayed without a neck and facing the viewer, are also found in British armories. The fleece, depicted as an entire sheepskin carried by a ring around its midsection, originally became known through its use in the arms of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a> and was later adopted by towns and individuals with connections to the wool industry.<a href="#cite_note-Davies-174">[174]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Australian_English_vocabulary" title="Australian English vocabulary">Australian English</a> slang, "on the sheep's back" is a phrase used to allude to wool as the source of Australia’s national prosperity.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Sheep are key symbols in <a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">fables</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">nursery rhymes</a> like <a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_in_Sheep%27s_Clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing">The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Bo_Peep" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Bo Peep">Little Bo Peep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baa,_Baa,_Black_Sheep" title="Baa, Baa, Black Sheep">Baa, Baa, Black Sheep</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Had_a_Little_Lamb" title="Mary Had a Little Lamb">Mary Had a Little Lamb</a>; novels such as <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Animal_Farm" title="Animal Farm">Animal Farm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haruki_Murakami" title="Haruki Murakami">Haruki Murakami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Wild_Sheep_Chase" title="A Wild Sheep Chase">A Wild Sheep Chase</a>; songs such as <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Bach's</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheep_may_safely_graze" title="Sheep may safely graze">Sheep may safely graze</a> (Schafe können sicher weiden) and <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Sheep_(Pink_Floyd_song)" title="Sheep (Pink Floyd song)">Sheep</a>", and poems like <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Lamb_(poem)" title="The Lamb (poem)">The Lamb</a>". <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_sheep-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The proverbial black sheep"><img alt="The proverbial black sheep" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Black_sheep-1.jpg/220px-Black_sheep-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Black_sheep-1.jpg/330px-Black_sheep-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Black_sheep-1.jpg/440px-Black_sheep-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1364" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The proverbial black sheep</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A4%C3%A4minki.vaakuna.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Head of ram pictured in the former coat of arms of Sääminki, Finland"><img alt="Head of ram pictured in the former coat of arms of Sääminki, Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/S%C3%A4%C3%A4minki.vaakuna.svg/156px-S%C3%A4%C3%A4minki.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="156" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/S%C3%A4%C3%A4minki.vaakuna.svg/233px-S%C3%A4%C3%A4minki.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/S%C3%A4%C3%A4minki.vaakuna.svg/311px-S%C3%A4%C3%A4minki.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="578" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Head of ram pictured in the former coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4%C3%A4minki" title="Sääminki">Sääminki</a>, Finland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolaes_Pietersz_Berchem,_Sheep,_NGA_52280.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem (1620–1683), Sheep, black and red chalk (possibly crayon)"><img alt="Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem (1620–1683), Sheep, black and red chalk (possibly crayon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nicolaes_Pietersz_Berchem%2C_Sheep%2C_NGA_52280.jpg/220px-Nicolaes_Pietersz_Berchem%2C_Sheep%2C_NGA_52280.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nicolaes_Pietersz_Berchem%2C_Sheep%2C_NGA_52280.jpg/330px-Nicolaes_Pietersz_Berchem%2C_Sheep%2C_NGA_52280.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nicolaes_Pietersz_Berchem%2C_Sheep%2C_NGA_52280.jpg/440px-Nicolaes_Pietersz_Berchem%2C_Sheep%2C_NGA_52280.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2378" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nicolaes_Pieterszoon_Berchem" title="Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem">Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem</a> (1620–1683), Sheep, black and red chalk (possibly crayon)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> In antiquity, symbolism involving sheep cropped up in religions in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Near East</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mideast" class="mw-redirect" title="Mideast">Mideast</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> area: <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a>, ancient Egyptian religion, the Cana'anite and Phoenician tradition, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek religion</a>, and others. Religious symbolism and ritual involving sheep began with some of the first known faiths: Skulls of rams (along with bulls) occupied central placement in shrines at the Çatalhöyük settlement in 8,000 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</a>, the ram was the symbol of several gods: <a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> (in his incarnation as a god of <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a>).<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> Other deities occasionally shown with ram features include the goddess <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> god Baal-Hamon, and the Babylonian god Ea-Oannes.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-23">[23]</a> In Madagascar, sheep were not eaten as they were believed to be incarnations of the souls of ancestors.<a href="#cite_note-Cooper92-177">[177]</a> There are many ancient Greek references to sheep: that of <a href="/wiki/Chrysomallos" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysomallos">Chrysomallos</a>, the golden-fleeced ram, continuing to be told through into the modern era. <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrologically</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a>, the ram, is the first sign of the classical Greek <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a>, and the sheep is the eighth of the twelve animals associated with the 12-year cycle of in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a>, related to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cooper92-177">[177]</a> It is said in Chinese traditions that <a href="/wiki/Hou_Ji" title="Hou Ji">Hou ji</a> sacrificed sheep. <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shagai" title="Shagai">shagai</a> are an ancient form of dice made from the <a href="/wiki/Cuboid_bone" title="Cuboid bone">cuboid bones</a> of sheep that are often used for fortunetelling purposes. Sheep play an important role in all the Abrahamic faiths; <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a> were all shepherds. According to the Biblical story of the <a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Binding of Isaac</a>, a ram is sacrificed as a substitute for Isaac after an angel stays Abraham's hand (in the Islamic tradition, Abraham was about to sacrifice Ishmael). <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> is a major annual festival in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in which sheep (or other animals) are sacrificed in remembrance of this act.<a href="#cite_note-Eid-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-sweetness-179">[179]</a> Sheep are occasionally sacrificed to commemorate important <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> events in Islamic cultures.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Greeks and Romans sacrificed sheep regularly in religious practice, and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> once sacrificed sheep as a <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Korban</a> (sacrifice), such as the <a href="/wiki/Korban_Pesach" class="mw-redirect" title="Korban Pesach">Passover lamb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cooper92-177">[177]</a> Ovine symbols—such as the ceremonial blowing of a <a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">shofar</a>—still find a presence in modern Judaic traditions. Collectively, followers of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> are often referred to as a flock, with Christ as the <a href="/wiki/The_Good_Shepherd_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Good Shepherd (Christianity)">Good Shepherd</a>, and sheep are an element in the Christian <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Nativity of Jesus in art">birth of Jesus</a>. Some Christian <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a> are considered <a href="/wiki/Patron_saints_of_occupations_and_activities" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron saints of occupations and activities">patrons of shepherds</a>, and even of sheep themselves. Christ is also portrayed as the <a href="/wiki/Sacrificial_lamb" title="Sacrificial lamb">Sacrificial lamb</a> of God (<a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a>) and Easter celebrations in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> traditionally feature a meal of Paschal lamb. A church leader is often called the <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastor</a>, which is derived from the Latin word for shepherd. In many western Christian traditions bishops carry a staff, which also serves as a symbol of the episcopal office, known as a <a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">crosier</a>, modeled on the <a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_crook" title="Shepherd's crook">shepherd's crook</a>. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Antikensammlung_Kiel_107.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Greek red-figure ram-head rhyton, c. 340 BC"><img alt="Ancient Greek red-figure ram-head rhyton, c. 340 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Antikensammlung_Kiel_107.JPG/191px-Antikensammlung_Kiel_107.JPG" decoding="async" width="191" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Antikensammlung_Kiel_107.JPG/286px-Antikensammlung_Kiel_107.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Antikensammlung_Kiel_107.JPG/381px-Antikensammlung_Kiel_107.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="1779" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red-figure</a> ram-head <a href="/wiki/Rhyton" title="Rhyton">rhyton</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 340 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernhard_Plockhorst_-_Good_Shephard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jesus is depicted as "The Good Shepherd", and the Christians as sheep."><img alt="Jesus is depicted as "The Good Shepherd", and the Christians as sheep." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bernhard_Plockhorst_-_Good_Shephard.jpg/122px-Bernhard_Plockhorst_-_Good_Shephard.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bernhard_Plockhorst_-_Good_Shephard.jpg/183px-Bernhard_Plockhorst_-_Good_Shephard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bernhard_Plockhorst_-_Good_Shephard.jpg/245px-Bernhard_Plockhorst_-_Good_Shephard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="1700" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> is depicted as "The Good Shepherd", and the Christians as sheep.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Sheep_Equivalent" title="Dry Sheep Equivalent">Dry Sheep Equivalent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional sheep">Fictional sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheepfold" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheepfold">Sheepfold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Sheep_Experiment_Station" title="U.S. Sheep Experiment Station">U.S. Sheep Experiment Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venray_sheep_companies" title="Venray sheep companies">Venray sheep companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep%E2%80%93goat_hybrid" title="Sheep–goat hybrid">Sheep–goat hybrid</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration 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Proc. Biol. Sci. 269 (1494): 893–904. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2002.1975">10.1098/rspb.2002.1975</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1690972">1690972</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12028771">12028771</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Biol.+Sci.&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+wild+and+domestic+sheep+questions+current+nomenclature+and+provides+evidence+for+domestication+from+two+different+subspecies&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=1494&rft.pages=893-904&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1690972%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12028771&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2002.1975&rft.aulast=Hiendleder&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Kaupe%2C+B&rft.au=Wassmuth%2C+R&rft.au=Janke%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1690972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ensminger_5-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ensminger_5_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ensminger_5_3-1">b</a> Ensminger, p. 5 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ensminger_4-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Ensminger_4_4-0">^</a> Ensminger, p. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-Weaver_1114-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_1114_5-0">^</a> Weaver, pp. 11–14 </li> <li id="cite_note-simmons_2-6"><a href="#cite_ref-simmons_2_6-0">^</a> Simmons & Ekarius, p. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrebs,_Robert_E.Carolyn_A.2003" class="citation book cs1">Krebs, Robert E.; Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31342-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31342-4"><bdi>978-0-313-31342-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Groundbreaking+Scientific+Experiments%2C+Inventions+%26+Discoveries+of+the+Ancient+World&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31342-4&rft.au=Krebs%2C+Robert+E.&rft.au=Carolyn+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranke2016" class="citation book cs1">Franke, Ute (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37463158">"Prehistoric Balochistan: Cultural Developments in an Arid Region"</a>. 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His warning comes at a time when ewes are in lamb and likely to abort if chased by dogs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Echo&rft.atitle=Sheep+worrying+leads+to+warning+from+farmers&rft.date=2008-01-21&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyecho.co.uk%2Fdebusiness%2Fnews%2Fdisplay.var.1980009.0.sheep_worrying_leads_to_warning_from_farmers.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-canids-129"><a href="#cite_ref-canids_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonaldClaudio_Sillero-Zubiri2004" class="citation book cs1">Macdonald, David Whyte; Claudio Sillero-Zubiri (2004). The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids. 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Behavioural Processes. 55 (1): 13–26. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.560.5882">10.1.1.560.5882</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0376-6357%2801%2900158-9">10.1016/S0376-6357(01)00158-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11390088">11390088</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11458099">11458099</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioural+Processes&rft.atitle=Human+face+recognition+in+sheep%3A+lack+of+configurational+coding+and+right+hemisphere+advantage.&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13-26&rft.date=2001-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.560.5882%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11458099%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11390088&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0376-6357%2801%2900158-9&rft.au=Peirce+JW&rft.au=Leigh+AE&rft.au=daCosta+AP&rft.au=Kendrick+KM.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mw-171"><a href="#cite_ref-mw_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sheep">"Sheep"</a>. Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012215516/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sheep">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Sheep&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsheep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHD-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHD_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHD_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmmer,_Christine1997" class="citation book cs1">Ammer, Christine (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanheritage00amme_0">American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms</a>. Houghton Mifflin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanheritage00amme_0/page/64">64</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-72774-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-72774-4"><bdi>978-0-395-72774-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 November 2007. <q>american heritage dictionary black sheep.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+Idioms&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-395-72774-4&rft.au=Ammer%2C+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanheritage00amme_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sheepish">"Sheepish"</a>. Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422173752/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sheepish">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Sheepish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsheepish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-174"><a href="#cite_ref-Davies_174-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fox-Davies" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Fox-Davies">Arthur Fox-Davies</a>, A Complete Guide to Heraldry, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, 211-213, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft">https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slll.cass.anu.edu.au/centres/andc/meanings-origins/all">"Meanings and origins of Australian words and idioms"</a>. Australian National University School of Literature, Languages and Linguistics. 2017-10-19. Retrieved 2024-04-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+National+University+School+of+Literature%2C+Languages+and+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Meanings+and+origins+of+Australian+words+and+idioms&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslll.cass.anu.edu.au%2Fcentres%2Fandc%2Fmeanings-origins%2Fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> Budiansky, p. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper92-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper92_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper92_177-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper92_177-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1992" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, JC (1992). Symbolic and Mythological Animals. London: Aquarian Press. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85538-118-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85538-118-6"><bdi>978-1-85538-118-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbolic+and+Mythological+Animals&rft.place=London&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Aquarian+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-85538-118-6&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=JC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eid-178"><a href="#cite_ref-Eid_178-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml">"Eid ul Adha (10 Dhul-Hijja) – the festival of sacrifice"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113064237/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Eid+ul+Adha+%2810+Dhul-Hijja%29+%E2%80%93+the+festival+of+sacrifice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fislam%2Fholydays%2Feiduladha.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sweetness-179"><a href="#cite_ref-sweetness_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220050508/http://sweetness-light.com/archive/the-eid-festival-around-the-world-graphic-photos">"Eid Festival Around The World – Graphic photos"</a>. Sweetness & Light. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sweetness-light.com/archive/the-eid-festival-around-the-world-graphic-photos">the original</a> on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sweetness+%26+Light&rft.atitle=Eid+Festival+Around+The+World+%E2%80%93+Graphic+photos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsweetness-light.com%2Farchive%2Fthe-eid-festival-around-the-world-graphic-photos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2008" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Cambpell (13 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baghdadbureau.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/13/bloody-blessing-goes-unnoticed/?scp=8&sq=sheep&st=cse">"Bloody Blessing Goes Unnoticed"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707022134/http://baghdadbureau.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/13/bloody-blessing-goes-unnoticed/?scp=8&sq=sheep&st=cse">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bloody+Blessing+Goes+Unnoticed&rft.date=2008-08-13&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Cambpell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaghdadbureau.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F08%2F13%2Fbloody-blessing-goes-unnoticed%2F%3Fscp%3D8%26sq%3Dsheep%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudiansky1999" class="citation book cs1">Budiansky, Stephen (1999). The Covenant of the Wild: Why animals chose domestication. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07993-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07993-7"><bdi>978-0-300-07993-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Covenant+of+the+Wild%3A+Why+animals+chose+domestication&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-300-07993-7&rft.aulast=Budiansky&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnsmingerR.O._Parker1986" class="citation book cs1">Ensminger, M.E.; R.O. Parker (1986). Sheep and Goat Science (Fifth ed.). Danville, IL: The Interstate Printers and Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8134-2464-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8134-2464-4"><bdi>978-0-8134-2464-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheep+and+Goat+Science&rft.place=Danville%2C+IL&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.pub=The+Interstate+Printers+and+Publishers&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-8134-2464-4&rft.aulast=Ensminger&rft.aufirst=M.E.&rft.au=R.O.+Parker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugh2001" class="citation book cs1">Pugh, David G. (2001). Sheep & Goat Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-9052-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-9052-0"><bdi>978-0-7216-9052-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheep+%26+Goat+Medicine&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7216-9052-0&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmonsCarol_Ekarius2001" class="citation book cs1">Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58017-262-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58017-262-2"><bdi>978-1-58017-262-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storey%27s+Guide+to+Raising+Sheep&rft.place=North+Adams%2C+MA&rft.pub=Storey+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-58017-262-2&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft.au=Carol+Ekarius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith_M.S.Mark_AseltineGerald_Kennedy1997" class="citation book cs1">Smith M.S., Barbara; Mark Aseltine; Gerald Kennedy (1997). Beginning Shepherd's Manual (Second ed.). Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8138-2799-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8138-2799-5"><bdi>978-0-8138-2799-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beginning+Shepherd%27s+Manual&rft.place=Ames%2C+IA&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Iowa+State+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8138-2799-5&rft.aulast=Smith+M.S.&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Mark+Aseltine&rft.au=Gerald+Kennedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2005" class="citation book cs1">Weaver, Sue (2005). Sheep: small-scale sheep keeping for pleasure and profit. Irvine, CA: Hobby Farm Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931993-49-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931993-49-4"><bdi>978-1-931993-49-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheep%3A+small-scale+sheep+keeping+for+pleasure+and+profit&rft.place=Irvine%2C+CA&rft.pub=Hobby+Farm+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-931993-49-4&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWooster2005" class="citation book cs1">Wooster, Chuck (2005). Living with Sheep: Everything You Need to Know to Raise Your Own Flock. Geoff Hansen (Photography). Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59228-531-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59228-531-0"><bdi>978-1-59228-531-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+with+Sheep%3A+Everything+You+Need+to+Know+to+Raise+Your+Own+Flock&rft.place=Guilford%2C+CT&rft.pub=The+Lyons+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59228-531-0&rft.aulast=Wooster&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheep" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sheep" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:sheep">sheep</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text 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data-file-height="1103" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ovis_aries" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ovis aries">Ovis aries</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sheep" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Sheep">Sheep</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheepusa.org/">American Sheep Industry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411131558/http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/cps/rde/dpi/hs.xsl/27_120_ENA_HTML.htm">Sheep Industry</a> (Queensland)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080525101357/http://cansheep.ca/index.htm">Canadian Sheep Federation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalsheep.org.uk/index.php">National Sheep Association</a> (UK)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzsheep.co.nz/">New Zealand Sheepbreeders Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071228232039/http://www.sheepmagazine.com/index.html">Sheep magazine</a>, all articles available free online</li> <li>View the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Ovis_aries/Info/Index">sheep genome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sheep">"Sheep" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Domestic sheep</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming" title="Sheep farming">Husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sheep_breeds" title="List of sheep breeds">Breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sheep_husbandry" title="Glossary of sheep husbandry">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep_predation" title="Domestic sheep predation">Predation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep_reproduction" title="Domestic sheep reproduction">Reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">As food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_ungulates" title="List of fictional ungulates">Fictional sheep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Ruminantia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Ruminant" title="Ruminant">Ruminantia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilocapridae" title="Antilocapridae">Antilocapridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Antilocapra" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Antilocapra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Pronghorn (A. americana)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Giraffidae" title="Giraffidae">Giraffidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">Okapia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">Okapi (O. johnstoni)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">Giraffa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_giraffe" title="Northern giraffe">Northern giraffe (G. camelopardalis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_giraffe" title="Southern giraffe">Southern giraffe (G. giraffa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticulated_giraffe" title="Reticulated giraffe">Reticulated giraffe (G. reticulata)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masai_giraffe" title="Masai giraffe">Masai giraffe (G. tippelskirchi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moschidae" title="Moschidae">Moschidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Moschus" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Musk_deer" title="Musk deer">Moschus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_musk_deer" title="Anhui musk deer">Anhui musk deer (M. anhuiensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_musk_deer" title="Dwarf musk deer">Dwarf musk deer (M. berezovskii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_musk_deer" title="Alpine musk deer">Alpine musk deer (M. chrysogaster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_musk_deer" title="Kashmir musk deer">Kashmir musk deer (M. cupreus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_musk_deer" title="Black musk deer">Black musk deer (M. fuscus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_musk_deer" title="White-bellied musk deer">Himalayan musk deer (M. leucogaster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_musk_deer" title="Siberian musk deer">Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">Tragulidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Water_chevrotain" title="Water chevrotain">Hyemoschus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_chevrotain" title="Water chevrotain">Water chevrotain (H. aquaticus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Moschiola" title="Moschiola">Moschiola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_spotted_chevrotain" title="Indian spotted chevrotain">Indian spotted chevrotain (M. indica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-striped_chevrotain" title="Yellow-striped chevrotain">Yellow-striped chevrotain (M. kathygre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_spotted_chevrotain" title="Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain">Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (M. meminna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Tragulus" title="Tragulus">Tragulus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_mouse-deer" title="Java mouse-deer">Java mouse-deer (T. javanicus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_mouse-deer" title="Lesser mouse-deer">Lesser mouse-deer (T. kanchil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_mouse-deer" title="Greater mouse-deer">Greater mouse-deer (T. napu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mouse-deer" title="Philippine mouse-deer">Philippine mouse-deer (T. nigricans)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_mouse-deer" title="Vietnam mouse-deer">Vietnam mouse-deer (T. versicolor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson%27s_mouse-deer" title="Williamson's mouse-deer">Williamson's mouse-deer (T. williamsoni)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">Cervidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large family listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large family listed below</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Cervidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Family <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">Cervidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cervinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cervinae" title="Cervinae">Cervinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Muntjac" title="Muntjac">Muntiacus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_yellow_muntjac" title="Bornean yellow muntjac">Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-fronted_muntjac" title="Hairy-fronted muntjac">Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fea%27s_muntjac" title="Fea's muntjac">Fea's muntjac (M. feae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongshan_muntjac" title="Gongshan muntjac">Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_muntjac" title="Sumatran muntjac">Sumatran muntjac (M. montanus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_red_muntjac" title="Southern red muntjac">Southern red muntjac (M. muntjak)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu_Hoat_muntjac" title="Pu Hoat muntjac">Pu Hoat muntjac (M. puhoatensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_muntjac" title="Leaf muntjac">Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reeves%27s_muntjac" title="Reeves's muntjac">Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt%27s_muntjac" title="Roosevelt's muntjac">Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truong_Son_muntjac" title="Truong Son muntjac">Truong Son muntjac (M. truongsonensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_red_muntjac" title="Northern red muntjac">Northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_muntjac" title="Giant muntjac">Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Tufted_deer" title="Tufted deer">Elaphodus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tufted_deer" title="Tufted deer">Tufted deer (E. cephalophus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Dama_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dama (genus)">Dama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_fallow_deer" title="European fallow deer">European fallow deer (D. dama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_fallow_deer" title="Persian fallow deer">Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Axis_(genus)" title="Axis (genus)">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chital" title="Chital">Chital (A. axis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_deer" title="Calamian deer">Calamian deer (A. calamianensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawean_deer" title="Bawean deer">Bawean deer (A. kuhlii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_hog_deer" title="Indian hog deer">Hog deer (A. porcinus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Rucervus" title="Rucervus">Rucervus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barasingha" title="Barasingha">Barasingha (R. duvaucelii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eld%27s_deer" title="Eld's deer">Eld's deer (R. eldii)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Elaphurus" title="Elaphurus">Elaphurus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_David%27s_deer" title="Père David's deer">Père David's deer (E. davidianus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Rusa_(genus)" title="Rusa (genus)">Rusa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_spotted_deer" title="Visayan spotted deer">Visayan spotted deer (R. alfredi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_deer" title="Philippine deer">Philippine sambar (R. mariannus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_rusa" title="Javan rusa">Rusa deer (R. timorensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar (R. unicolor)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Cervus" title="Cervus">Cervus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorold%27s_deer" title="Thorold's deer">Thorold's deer (C. albirostris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">Red deer (C. elaphus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">Elk (C. canadensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_red_deer" title="Central Asian red deer">Central Asian red deer (C. hanglu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sika_deer" title="Sika deer">Sika deer (C. nippon)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capreolinae" title="Capreolinae">Capreolinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Alces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Moose (A. alces)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Water_deer" title="Water deer">Hydropotes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_deer" title="Water deer">Water deer (H. inermis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus">Capreolus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">European roe deer (C. capreolus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_roe_deer" title="Siberian roe deer">Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Rangifer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Reindeer (R. tarandus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hippocamelus" title="Hippocamelus">Hippocamelus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taruca" title="Taruca">Taruca (H. antisensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Andean_deer" title="South Andean deer">South Andean deer (H. bisulcus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Brocket_deer" title="Brocket deer">Mazama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_brocket" title="Red brocket">Red brocket (M. americana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_red_brocket" title="Small red brocket">Small red brocket (M. bororo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merida_brocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Merida brocket">Merida brocket (M. bricenii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_brocket" title="Dwarf brocket">Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_brocket" title="Gray brocket">Gray brocket (M. gouazoubira)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_brocket" title="Pygmy brocket">Pygmy brocket (M. nana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_brown_brocket" title="Amazonian brown brocket">Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_red_brocket" title="Little red brocket">Little red brocket (M. rufina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_red_brocket" title="Central American red brocket">Central American red brocket (M. temama)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">Ozotoceros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">Blastocerus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Pudu" title="Pudu">Pudu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_pudu" title="Northern pudu">Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_pudu" title="Southern pudu">Southern pudu (P. pudu)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Pudella" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudella">Pudella</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pudella_carlae" title="Pudella carlae">Peruvian Yungas pudu (P. carlae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_pudu" title="Northern pudu">Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Odocoileus" title="Odocoileus">Odocoileus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">Mule deer (O. hemionus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucatan_brown_brocket" title="Yucatan brown brocket">Yucatan brown brocket (O. pandora)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grazing_antelope" title="Grazing antelope">Hippotraginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hippotragus" title="Hippotragus">Hippotragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roan_antelope" title="Roan antelope">Roan antelope (H. equinus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable_antelope" title="Sable antelope">Sable antelope (H. niger)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Oryx" title="Oryx">Oryx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_African_oryx" title="East African oryx">East African oryx (O. beisa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scimitar_oryx" title="Scimitar oryx">Scimitar oryx (O. dammah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemsbok" title="Gemsbok">Gemsbok (O. gazella)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_oryx" title="Arabian oryx">Arabian oryx (O. leucoryx)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Addax" title="Addax">Addax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addax" title="Addax">Addax (A. nasomaculatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reduncinae" title="Reduncinae">Reduncinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Kobus_(antelope)" title="Kobus (antelope)">Kobus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waterbuck" title="Waterbuck">Waterbuck (K. ellipsiprymnus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kob" title="Kob">Kob (K. kob)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechwe" title="Lechwe">Lechwe (K. leche)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_lechwe" title="Nile lechwe">Nile lechwe (K. megaceros)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puku" title="Puku">Puku (K. vardonii)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Reedbuck" title="Reedbuck">Redunca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_reedbuck" title="Southern reedbuck">Southern reedbuck (R. arundinum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_reedbuck" title="Mountain reedbuck">Mountain reedbuck (R. fulvorufula)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohor_reedbuck" title="Bohor reedbuck">Bohor reedbuck (R. redunca)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Aepycerotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Aepyceros" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Aepyceros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Impala (A. melampus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Peleinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pelea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Pelea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Grey rhebok (P. capreolus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcelaphinae" title="Alcelaphinae">Alcelaphinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hirola" title="Hirola">Beatragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirola" title="Hirola">Hirola (B. hunteri)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Damaliscus" title="Damaliscus">Damaliscus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damaliscus_lunatus" title="Damaliscus lunatus">Common tsessebe (D. lunatus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontebok" title="Bontebok">Bontebok (D. pygargus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hartebeest" title="Hartebeest">Alcelaphus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hartebeest" title="Hartebeest">Hartebeest (A. buselaphus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Wildebeest" title="Wildebeest">Connochaetes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_wildebeest" title="Black wildebeest">Black wildebeest (C. gnou)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wildebeest" title="Blue wildebeest">Blue wildebeest (C. taurinus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Pantholopinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantholops" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Pantholops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Tibetan antelope (P. hodgsonii)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilopinae" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Caprinae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="/wiki/Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">Ammotragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">Barbary sheep (A. lervia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_tahr" title="Arabian tahr">Arabitragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_tahr" title="Arabian tahr">Arabian tahr (A. jayakari)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Takin" title="Takin">Budorcas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takin" title="Takin">Takin (B. taxicolor)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Capra_(genus)" title="Capra (genus)">Capra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wild_goat" title="Wild goat">Wild goat (C. aegagrus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Caucasian_tur" title="West Caucasian tur">West Caucasian tur (C. caucasia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Caucasian_tur" title="East Caucasian tur">East Caucasian tur (C. cylindricornis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markhor" title="Markhor">Markhor (C. falconeri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">Domestic goat (C. hircus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_ibex" title="Alpine ibex">Alpine ibex (C. ibex)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_ibex" title="Nubian ibex">Nubian ibex (C. nubiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_ibex" title="Iberian ibex">Iberian ibex (C. pyrenaica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_ibex" title="Siberian ibex">Siberian ibex (C. sibirica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walia_ibex" title="Walia ibex">Walia ibex (C. walie)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Serow" title="Serow">Capricornis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_serow" title="Japanese serow">Japanese serow (C. crispus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_serow" title="Red serow">Red serow (C. rubidus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_serow" title="Mainland serow">Mainland serow (C. sumatraensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_serow" title="Taiwan serow">Taiwan serow (C. swinhoei)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Tahr" title="Tahr">Hemitragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_tahr" title="Himalayan tahr">Himalayan tahr (H. jemlahicus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Goral" title="Goral">Naemorhedus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_goral" title="Red goral">Red goral (N. baileyi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_goral" title="Long-tailed goral">Long-tailed goral (N. caudatus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_goral" title="Himalayan goral">Himalayan goral (N. goral)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_goral" title="Chinese goral">Chinese goral (N. griseus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">Oreamnos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">Mountain goat (O. americanus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">Ovibos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">Muskox (O. moschatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tahr" title="Nilgiri tahr">Nilgiritragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tahr" title="Nilgiri tahr">Nilgiri tahr (N. hylocrius)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis">Ovis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argali" title="Argali">Argali (O. ammon)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Domestic sheep (O. aries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">Bighorn sheep (O. canadensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dall_sheep" title="Dall sheep">Dall sheep (O. dalli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouflon" title="Mouflon">Mouflon (O. gmelini)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_sheep" title="Snow sheep">Snow sheep (O. nivicola)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urial" title="Urial">Urial (O. vignei)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Pseudois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudois">Pseudois</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharal" title="Bharal">Bharal (P. nayaur)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Rupicapra" title="Rupicapra">Rupicapra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_chamois" title="Pyrenean chamois">Pyrenean chamois (R. pyrenaica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamois" title="Chamois">Chamois (R. rupicapra)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Bovinae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boselaphini" title="Boselaphini">Boselaphini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">Tetracerus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">Four-horned antelope (T. quadricornis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Boselaphus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Nilgai (B. tragocamelus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bovini" title="Bovini">Bovini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Bubalus" title="Bubalus">Bubalus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wild_water_buffalo" title="Wild water buffalo">Wild water buffalo (B. arnee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">Domestic water buffalo (B. bubalis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_anoa" title="Lowland anoa">Lowland anoa (B. depressicornis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaraw" title="Tamaraw">Tamaraw (B. mindorensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_anoa" title="Mountain anoa">Mountain anoa (B. quarlesi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Bos" title="Bos">Bos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison (B. bison)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_bison" title="European bison">European bison (B. bonasus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_cattle" title="Bali cattle">Bali cattle (B. domesticus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayal" title="Gayal">Gayal (B. frontalis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">Gaur (B. gaurus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Domestic yak (B. grunniens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebu" title="Zebu">Zebu (B. indicus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng">Banteng (B. javanicus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_yak" title="Wild yak">Wild yak (B. mutus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">Cattle (B. taurus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">Pseudoryx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">Saola (P. nghetinhensis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/African_buffalo" title="African buffalo">Syncerus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_buffalo" title="African buffalo">African buffalo (S. caffer)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tragelaphini" title="Tragelaphini">Tragelaphini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Tragelaphus" title="Tragelaphus">Tragelaphus</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Kudu" title="Kudu">kudus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyala" title="Nyala">Nyala (T. angasii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_nyala" title="Mountain nyala">Mountain nyala (T. buxtoni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_(antelope)" title="Bongo (antelope)">Bongo (T. eurycerus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_kudu" title="Lesser kudu">Lesser kudu (T. imberbis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harnessed_bushbuck" title="Harnessed bushbuck">Harnessed bushbuck (T. scriptus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitatunga" title="Sitatunga">Sitatunga (T. spekeii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_kudu" title="Greater kudu">Greater kudu (T. strepsiceros)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_bushbuck" title="Cape bushbuck">Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Taurotragus" title="Taurotragus">Taurotragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_eland" title="Giant eland">Giant eland (T. derbianus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_eland" title="Common eland">Common eland (T. oryx)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Antilopinae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="/wiki/Antilopinae" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilopini" title="Antilopini">Antilopini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Dibatag" title="Dibatag">Ammodorcas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dibatag" title="Dibatag">Dibatag (A. clarkei)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Springbok" title="Springbok">Antidorcas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springbok" title="Springbok">Springbok (A. marsupialis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Antilope</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Blackbuck (A. cervicapra)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Eudorcas" title="Eudorcas">Eudorcas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongalla_gazelle" title="Mongalla gazelle">Mongalla gazelle (E. albonotata)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-fronted_gazelle" title="Red-fronted gazelle">Red-fronted gazelle (E. rufifrons)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson%27s_gazelle" title="Thomson's gazelle">Thomson's gazelle (E. thomsonii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuglin%27s_gazelle" title="Heuglin's gazelle">Heuglin's gazelle (E. tilonura)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Gazelle" title="Gazelle">Gazella</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinkara" title="Chinkara">Chinkara (G. bennettii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_gazelle" title="Cuvier's gazelle">Cuvier's gazelle (G. cuvieri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorcas_gazelle" title="Dorcas gazelle">Dorcas gazelle (G. dorcas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlanger%27s_gazelle" title="Erlanger's gazelle">Erlanger's gazelle (G. erlangeri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_gazelle" title="Mountain gazelle">Mountain gazelle (G. gazella)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhim_gazelle" title="Rhim gazelle">Rhim gazelle (G. leptoceros)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke%27s_gazelle" title="Speke's gazelle">Speke's gazelle (G. spekei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goitered_gazelle" title="Goitered gazelle">Goitered gazelle (G. subgutturosa)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Litocranius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Gerenuk (L. walleri)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Nanger" title="Nanger">Nanger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dama_gazelle" title="Dama gazelle">Dama gazelle (N. dama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant%27s_gazelle" title="Grant's gazelle">Grant's gazelle (N. granti)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_gazelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright's gazelle">Bright's gazelle (N. notatus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_gazelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter's gazelle">Peter's gazelle (N. petersii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soemmerring%27s_gazelle" title="Soemmerring's gazelle">Soemmerring's gazelle (N. soemmerringii)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Procapra" title="Procapra">Procapra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_gazelle" title="Mongolian gazelle">Mongolian gazelle (P. gutturosa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_(antelope)" title="Goa (antelope)">Goa (P. picticaudata)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przewalski%27s_gazelle" title="Przewalski's gazelle">Przewalski's gazelle (P. przewalskii)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saigini</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Saiga" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Saiga_antelope" title="Saiga antelope">Saiga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saiga_antelope" title="Saiga antelope">Saiga antelope (S. tatarica)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neotragini" title="Neotragini">Neotragini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Beira_(antelope)" title="Beira (antelope)">Dorcatragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beira_(antelope)" title="Beira (antelope)">Beira (D. megalotis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Dik-dik" title="Dik-dik">Madoqua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther%27s_dik-dik" title="Günther's dik-dik">Günther's dik-dik (M. guentheri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk%27s_dik-dik" title="Kirk's dik-dik">Kirk's dik-dik (M. kirkii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_dik-dik" title="Silver dik-dik">Silver dik-dik (M. piacentinii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt%27s_dik-dik" title="Salt's dik-dik">Salt's dik-dik (M. saltiana)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Neotragus" title="Neotragus">Neotragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_antelope" title="Royal antelope">Royal antelope (N. pygmaeus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Nesotragus" title="Nesotragus">Nesotragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bates%27s_pygmy_antelope" title="Bates's pygmy antelope">Bates' pygmy antelope (N. batesi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suni" title="Suni">Suni (N. moschatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Klipspringer" title="Klipspringer">Oreotragus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klipspringer" title="Klipspringer">Klipspringer (O. oreotragus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Oribi" title="Oribi">Ourebia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oribi" title="Oribi">Oribi (O. ourebi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Raphicerus" title="Raphicerus">Raphicerus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steenbok" title="Steenbok">Steenbok (R. campestris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_grysbok" title="Cape grysbok">Cape grysbok (R. melanotis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpe%27s_grysbok" title="Sharpe's grysbok">Sharpe's grysbok (R. sharpei)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Cephalophini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Cephalophus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aders%27s_duiker" title="Aders's duiker">Aders's duiker (C. adersi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke%27s_duiker" title="Brooke's duiker">Brooke's duiker (C. brookei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peters%27s_duiker" title="Peters's duiker">Peters' duiker (C. callipygus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-legged_duiker" title="White-legged duiker">White-legged duiker (C. crusalbum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_duiker" title="Bay duiker">Bay duiker (C. dorsalis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey%27s_duiker" title="Harvey's duiker">Harvey's duiker (C. harveyi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jentink%27s_duiker" title="Jentink's duiker">Jentink's duiker (C. jentinki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_duiker" title="White-bellied duiker">White-bellied duiker (C. leucogaster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_forest_duiker" title="Red forest duiker">Red forest duiker (C. natalensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_duiker" title="Black duiker">Black duiker (C. niger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-fronted_duiker" title="Black-fronted duiker">Black-fronted duiker (C. nigrifrons)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogilby%27s_duiker" title="Ogilby's duiker">Ogilby's duiker (C. ogilbyi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruwenzori_duiker" title="Ruwenzori duiker">Ruwenzori duiker (C. rubidis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-flanked_duiker" title="Red-flanked duiker">Red-flanked duiker (C. rufilatus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-backed_duiker" title="Yellow-backed duiker">Yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott%27s_duiker" title="Abbott's duiker">Abbott's duiker (C. spadix)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyns%27s_duiker" title="Weyns's duiker">Weyns's duiker (C. weynsi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_duiker" title="Zebra duiker">Zebra duiker (C. zebra)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Philantomba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_duiker" title="Blue duiker">Blue duiker (P. monticola)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell%27s_duiker" title="Maxwell's duiker">Maxwell's duiker (P. maxwellii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter%27s_duiker" title="Walter's duiker">Walter's duiker (P. walteri)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Common_duiker" title="Common duiker">Sylvicapra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_duiker" title="Common duiker">Common duiker (S. grimmia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Suina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suidae" title="Suidae">Suidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Babirusa" title="Babirusa">Babyrousa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buru_babirusa" title="Buru babirusa">Buru babirusa (B. babyrussa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi_babirusa" title="North Sulawesi babirusa">North Sulawesi babirusa (B. celebensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togian_babirusa" title="Togian babirusa">Togian babirusa (B. togeanensis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_hog" title="Giant forest hog">Hylochoerus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_hog" title="Giant forest hog">Giant forest hog (H. meinertzhageni)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Phacochoerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phacochoerus">Phacochoerus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warthog" title="Desert warthog">Desert warthog (P. aethiopicus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_warthog" title="Common warthog">Common warthog (P. africanus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hog" title="Pygmy hog">Porcula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hog" title="Pygmy hog">Pygmy hog (P. salvania)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Potamochoerus" title="Potamochoerus">Potamochoerus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushpig" title="Bushpig">Bushpig (P. larvatus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_river_hog" title="Red river hog">Red river hog (P. porcus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Sus_(genus)" title="Sus (genus)">Sus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_bearded_pig" title="Palawan bearded pig">Palawan bearded pig (S. ahoenobarbus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_bearded_pig" title="Bornean bearded pig">Bornean bearded pig (S. barbatus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_warty_pig" title="Visayan warty pig">Visayan warty pig (S. cebifrons)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_warty_pig" title="Celebes warty pig">Celebes warty pig (S. celebensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">Domestic pig (S. domesticus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_warty_pig" title="Flores warty pig">Flores warty pig (S. heureni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver%27s_warty_pig" title="Oliver's warty pig">Oliver's warty pig (S. oliveri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_warty_pig" title="Philippine warty pig">Philippine warty pig (S. philippensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Wild boar (S. scrofa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_warty_pig" title="Timor warty pig">Timor warty pig (S. timoriensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_warty_pig" title="Javan warty pig">Javan warty pig (S. verrucosus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peccary" title="Peccary">Tayassuidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/White-lipped_peccary" title="White-lipped peccary">Tayassu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-lipped_peccary" title="White-lipped peccary">White-lipped peccary (T. pecari)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Chacoan_peccary" title="Chacoan peccary">Catagonus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacoan_peccary" title="Chacoan peccary">Chacoan peccary (C. wagneri)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">Dicotyles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">Collared peccary (D. tajacu)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Tylopoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Camelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Camelidae" title="Camelidae">Camelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Lama_(genus)" title="Lama (genus)">Lama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama (L. glama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">Guanaco (L. guanicoe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca (L. pacos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Vicuña">Vicuña (L. vicugna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">Camelus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_camel" title="Bactrian camel">Domestic Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromedary" title="Dromedary">Dromedary/Arabian camel (C. dromedarius)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bactrian_camel" title="Wild Bactrian camel">Wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Whippomorpha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_(genus)" title="Hippopotamus (genus)">Hippopotamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">Hippopotamus (H. amphibius)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">Choeropsis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">Pygmy hippopotamus (C. liberiensis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cetacea" title="Template:Cetacea">Cetacea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/21px-Okapi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/42px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/21px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/32px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/42px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1413" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals" title="Portal:Animals">Animals</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/21px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/42px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Biology</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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