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Ideologija – Wikipedija

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Povijest</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bacon_i_prosvjetiteljstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacon_i_prosvjetiteljstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bacon i prosvjetiteljstvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacon_i_prosvjetiteljstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senzualizam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senzualizam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Senzualizam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senzualizam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideologije_totalitarizma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideologije_totalitarizma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideologije totalitarizma</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideologije_totalitarizma-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Ideologije totalitarizma</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideologije_totalitarizma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marksizam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marksizam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Marksizam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marksizam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lenjinizam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lenjinizam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lenjinizam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lenjinizam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funkcije_ideologije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funkcije_ideologije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Funkcije ideologije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funkcije_ideologije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vilfredo_Pareto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vilfredo_Pareto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vilfredo Pareto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vilfredo_Pareto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karl_Mannheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karl_Mannheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Karl Mannheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karl_Mannheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suvremena_gledišta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suvremena_gledišta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Suvremena gledišta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suvremena_gledišta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ideologija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 124 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">124 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ideologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ideologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%95%E1%8B%AE%E1%89%B0_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%88%E1%88%9D" title="ርዕዮተ ዓለም – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ርዕዮተ ዓለም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideoloch%C3%ADa" title="Ideolochía – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ideolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="أيديولوجيا – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أيديولوجيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ايديولوجيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايديولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideolox%C3%ADa" title="Ideoloxía – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ideoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – avarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0deologiya" title="İdeologiya – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İdeologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="ایدئولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایدئولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideuoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Ideuoluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ideuoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ідэалогія – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ідэалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ідэалёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ідэалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6" title="ভাবাদর্শ – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভাবাদর্শ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologiezh" title="Ideologiezh – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ideologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologija" title="Ideologija – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ideologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ideologi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Үзэл суртал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үзэл суртал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ideologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Идеологи – čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Идеологи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="ئایدیۆلۆجی – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئایدیۆلۆجی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ideologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideoleg" title="Ideoleg – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ideoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ideologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ideologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0deolociye" title="İdeolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İdeolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιδεολογία – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιδεολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ideology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologio" title="Ideologio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ideologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideolog%C3%ADa" title="Ideología – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ideología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideoloogia" title="Ideoloogia – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ideoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ideologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="ایدئولوژی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایدئولوژی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ideologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugmyndafr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Hugmyndafrøði – ferojski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hugmyndafrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferojski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C3%A9ologie" title="Idéologie – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Idéologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politike_streaming" title="Politike streaming – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Politike streaming" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C3%A9-eola%C3%ADocht" title="Idé-eolaíocht – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Idé-eolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideolox%C3%ADa" title="Ideoloxía – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ideoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="אידאולוגיה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אידאולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="विचारधारा – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विचारधारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bichardhara" title="Bichardhara – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bichardhara" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideol%C3%B3gia" title="Ideológia – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ideológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գաղափարախոսություն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գաղափարախոսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AD%D6%85%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գաղափարախօսութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գաղափարախօսութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ideologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideolohia" title="Ideolohia – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ideolohia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologio" title="Ideologio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ideologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugmyndafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Hugmyndafræði – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hugmyndafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ideologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AD%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC" title="イデオロギー – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イデオロギー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idh%C3%A9ologi" title="Idhéologi – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Idhéologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იდეოლოგია – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იდეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologiya" title="Ideologiya – kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ideologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%85%90" title="이념 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이념" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Edeoloj%C3%AE" title="Îdeolojî – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îdeolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tybonieth" title="Tybonieth – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tybonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ideologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ideologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ideologia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologija" title="Ideologija – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ideologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideolo%C4%A3ija" title="Ideoloģija – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ideoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Идеологиясь – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Идеологиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Идеологија – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Идеологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രത്യയശാസ്ത്രം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രത്യയശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Идеологи – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Идеологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ideologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideolo%C4%A1ija" title="Ideoloġija – malteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ideoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BF%E1%80%94%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဒဿနဗေဒ – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒဿနဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="ایدئولوژی – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایدئولوژی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ideologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ideologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ideologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ideologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ideologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilaanya" title="Ilaanya – oromski" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ilaanya" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਿਚਾਰਧਾਰਾ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਚਾਰਧਾਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ideologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideolog%C3%ACa" title="Ideologìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ideologìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="آئیڈیالوجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئیڈیالوجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%8A" title="ايډيالوژي – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايډيالوژي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ideologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuyay_yachay" title="Yuyay yachay – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yuyay yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ideologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ідеолоґія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ідеолоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ideology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="نظرين جو علم – sindski" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نظرين جو علم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologija" title="Ideologija – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ideologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%98%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="දෘෂ්ටිවාදය – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෘෂ්ටිවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ideology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideol%C3%B3gia" title="Ideológia – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ideológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologija" title="Ideologija – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ideologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragti" title="Aragti – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Aragti" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologjia" title="Ideologjia – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ideologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologija" title="Ideologija – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ideologija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ideologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itikadi" title="Itikadi – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Itikadi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கருத்தியல் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருத்தியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="อุดมการณ์ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุดมการณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideolohiya" title="Ideolohiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ideolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0deoloji" title="İdeoloji – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İdeoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идеология – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Идеология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%AF%DB%90%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئىدېئولوگىيە – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىدېئولوگىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ідеологія – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ідеологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="خیالیت – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خیالیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafkura" title="Mafkura – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mafkura" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideo%C5%82ozia" title="Ideołozia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ideołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9D_th%E1%BB%A9c_h%E1%BB%87" title="Ý thức hệ – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ý thức hệ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolohiya" title="Idolohiya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Idolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B" title="意識形態 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="意識形態" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იდეოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იდეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אידעאלאגיע – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אידעאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B" title="意識形態 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="意識形態" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%90%86" title="意理 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="意理" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8C-sek_h%C3%AAng-th%C3%A0i" title="Ì-sek hêng-thài – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ì-sek hêng-thài" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B" title="意識形態 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="意識形態" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7257#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table class="box-Nedostaju_izvori messagebox plainlinks" style="width:min(50em, 96%); margin: 0 auto; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: #2371CB; padding: 0.5em 1em;"> <tbody><tr style="width: 100%;"> <td style="width: 50px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ideologija"><img alt="Ideologija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a><figcaption>Ideologija</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width: calc(100% - 50px);">Ovaj članak ili dio članka <b>nije pokriven <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Vjerodostojni_izvori" title="Wikipedija:Vjerodostojni izvori">izvorima</a></b>.<small style="display: block; margin-top: 5px;">Pomozite Wikipediji <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Navo%C4%91enje_izvora" title="Wikipedija:Navođenje izvora">navođenjem odgovarajućih knjiga, članaka u časopisima ili internetskih stranica</a>.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ideologija</b> (<a href="/wiki/Francuski" class="mw-redirect" title="Francuski">fra.</a> <i>idéologie</i>, od <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Grčki">grčkog</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ideja" title="Ideja">ideja</a></i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">logos</a></i>) je termin kojim se označava obuhvatni sklop ideja koje uključuju način na koji pojedinac ili grupa gledaju na svijet, te ciljeve, očekivanje i aktivnosti. Uglavnom se upotrebljava za političke ideologije – poput <a href="/wiki/Marksizam" title="Marksizam">marksizma</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Liberalizam" title="Liberalizam">liberalizma</a>. </p><p>Ideologija je manje obuhvatna od <a href="/wiki/Svjetonazor" title="Svjetonazor">svjetonazora</a>. </p><p>Riječ »ideologija«&#160;se primjenjuje također u značenjima: </p> <ul><li>proučavanje ideja i rad na idejama,<sup id="cite_ref-her_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-her-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>primijenjeno mišljenje, ukupnost pojmova i konstrukcija u različitim oblicima svijesti, usmjerenih na izravno ostvarivanje i praktično djelovanje,<sup id="cite_ref-her_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-her-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>ukupnost filozofskih, društvenih, političkih, moralnih, religioznih itd. ideja svojstvenih jednom razdoblju ili jednoj društvenoj skupini (npr. »prosvjetiteljska ideologija«, »građanska ideologija«, »militaristička ideologija«&#160;itd.),<sup id="cite_ref-her_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-her-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>vladajuća ideologija koja izražava i brani interese vladajuće klase<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ili <a href="/wiki/Politi%C4%8Dka_ideologija" title="Politička ideologija">politička ideologija</a>,</li> <li>skup ideja koje čine osnovu neke ekonomske ili političke teorije, ili koje podržava neka grupa ili osoba.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacon_i_prosvjetiteljstvo">Bacon i prosvjetiteljstvo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Bacon i prosvjetiteljstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bacon i prosvjetiteljstvo"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Preteča moderne teorije ideologija je <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a> (1561. – 1626.) sa svojim razmatranjima o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Idol (stranica ne postoji)">idolima</a>. Njegova četiri »idola«&#160;opisuju razne oblike »iskrivljenje svijesti«&#160;(predrasuda, obmana), te se i danas često spominju. </p><p>Slično francuski <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">prosvjetitelji</a> <a href="/wiki/18._stolje%C4%87e" title="18. stoljeće">XVIII. stoljeća</a>, iako još ne znaju za pojam ideologija, rabe slične termine za obilježavanje negativnih ideja: skup dogmi i predrasuda koje su u službi privilegiranih <a href="/wiki/Stale%C5%BE" title="Stalež">staleža</a>, čemu treba suprotstaviti sigurno, na iskustvu zasnovano <a href="/wiki/Znanje" title="Znanje">znanje</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senzualizam">Senzualizam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Senzualizam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Senzualizam"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Krajem XVIII. st. grupa francuskih mislilaca kojima je na čelu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Destutt_de_Tracy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Destutt de Tracy (stranica ne postoji)">Destutt de Tracy</a> naziva svoju filozofiju ideologijom (<i>Idéologie</i>), a sebe same ideolozima (<i>idéologues</i>); pojam je skovao de Tracy 1796. godine. Njihova filozofija – <a href="/wiki/Senzualizam" title="Senzualizam">senzualizam</a> – je radikalna varijanta <a href="/wiki/Empirizam" title="Empirizam">empirizma</a>. Ideologija je »učenje o idejama«, međutim pojam »ideja«&#160;kod njih nije vezan uz duhovnost. Sve ideje potječu iz osjeta (senzacija), koji daju osnovu i građu čitavoj našoj spoznaji. Osjeti se međusobno spajaju i dolaze u različite odnose, preko mozga kao organskog centra, čime se stvaraju složene »ideje«. </p><p>Ideolozi gaje optimističko uvjerenje da će znanost o idejama osloboditi ljude od predrasuda i pripremiti ih za vrhovništvo razuma, za društvo osnovano na racionalnosti i znanosti. U De Tracyjevom učenju i djelovanju zastupljena su četiri čimbenika, koji se i danas navode u definiciji pojma »ideologija«: </p> <ul><li>sustav objašnjenja svijeta,</li> <li>program djelovanja,</li> <li>javno djelovanje za provedbu programa, te</li> <li>isticanje posebne uloge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelektalac&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelektalac (stranica ne postoji)">intelektualaca</a>.</li></ul> <p>De Tracyjeva »ideologija«&#160;je bila službena doktrina <a href="/wiki/Prva_Francuska_Republika" title="Prva Francuska Republika">Francuske Republike</a> u doba <a href="/wiki/Direktorij_(razdvojba)" class="mw-disambig" title="Direktorij (razdvojba)">Direktorija</a>, <a href="/wiki/1795." title="1795.">1795.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1799." title="1799.">1799.</a> Središnju ulogu imao je <i>Nacionalni institut</i> kojeg je osnovao i vodio de Tracy. Kombinirajući vjeru u osobnu slobodu i u racionalno državno planiranje, ideolozi su imali znatan utjecaj na duhovni život, politiku i obrazovanje. Iako je to kratko trajalo, taj spoj <a href="/wiki/Liberalizam" title="Liberalizam">liberalnih</a> i <a href="/wiki/Etatizam" title="Etatizam">etatističkih</a> <a href="/wiki/Koncepcija" title="Koncepcija">koncepcija</a> i danas je snažno prisutan u koncepcijama francuskih stranaka i političara. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destutt_de_Tracy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Destutt de Tracy (stranica ne postoji)">De Tracy</a> u knjizi <i>Les éléments d'idéologie</i> (<a href="/wiki/1801." title="1801.">1801.</a>) kaže da opću nauku o idejama možemo nazvati imenima: ideologija, opća gramatika ili logika. </p> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table; background-color: #eaf8f4; border-left: 3px solid #008560; overflow: hidden;"><p> Ovu znanost možemo nazvati ideologija, ako obraćamo pozornost samo na predmet; opća gramatika, ako vodimo računa samo o sredstvu, te logikom ako imamo u vidu samo cilj. Ma kakvo joj ime dali, ona nužno sadrži ova tri dijela, jer ne možemo se baviti nijednim od njih a da se ne bavimo i s druga dva. Ideologija je po mom mišljenju generički termin, jer znanost o idejama uključuje u sebi znanost o njihovom izražavanju i znanost o njihovom izvođenju.<sup>&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Navo%C4%91enje_izvora" title="Wikipedija:Navođenje izvora">nedostaje izvor</a></i>&#93;</sup></p></blockquote> <p>Ideolozi su kritizirali sve dotadašnje filozofije, nazivajući ih <a href="/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika">metafizičkim</a>. Sve duhovne znanosti i praktičke discipline (etika, politika, odgoj idr.) oni radikalno reinterpretiraju, nastojeći sustavno graditi od osjetilne osnove. </p><p>U 20. stoljeću, <a href="/wiki/Logi%C4%8Dki_pozitivizam" title="Logički pozitivizam">logički pozitivisti</a> na jednak način nastoje izgraditi sve znanosti počevši od osnovnih, opažajnih činjenica. </p><p>Termin ideologija dobiva novo, pogrdno značenje kada je <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> filozofe koji su se kritički odnosili prema njegovim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cezarizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cezarizam (stranica ne postoji)">cezarističkim</a> i osvajačkim pothvatima posprdno nazvao »ideolozima«, u smislu sterilnih teoretičara, čije teorije nemaju veze s realnošću. Preuzevši vlast, Napoleon je isprva podržavao »ideologe«, ali od <a href="/wiki/1802." title="1802.">1802.</a> marginaliziranjem Instituta suzbija njihov utjecaj. Kasnije će čak i svoj poraz u Rusiji <a href="/wiki/1812." title="1812.">1812.</a> pripisati njihovom negativnom utjecaju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideologije_totalitarizma">Ideologije totalitarizma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Ideologije totalitarizma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ideologije totalitarizma"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U svojoj knjizi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otvoreno_dru%C5%A1tvo_i_njegovi_neprijatelji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Otvoreno društvo i njegovi neprijatelji (stranica ne postoji)"><i>Otvoreno društvo i njegovi neprijatelji</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a> kritizira <a href="/wiki/Totalitarizam" title="Totalitarizam">totalitarna</a> svojstva određenih ideologija, posebno <a href="/wiki/Nacionalsocijalizam" title="Nacionalsocijalizam">nacionalsocijalizma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunizma</a>- staljinizma. </p><p>Totalitarne političke ideologije često imaju elemente stvaranja <a href="/wiki/Mit" title="Mit">mitova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iskrivljavanje_povijesti" title="Iskrivljavanje povijesti">iskrivljavanje povijesti</a> ili povijesnih činjenica te <a href="/wiki/Diskriminacija" title="Diskriminacija">diskriminacije</a> drugih- ideja ili mišljenja; njihova propaganda se na važnim djelovima ne obazire na činjenice i naposljetku zapovijeda život naroda u laži. Nakon iskustva s nacional-socijalizma i raspada <a href="/wiki/Realsocijalizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Realsocijalizam">stvarno postojećeg socijalizma</a>, skepticizam prema ideologijama koje nude obećanja spasenja – osobito u kombinaciji s pozivima na revoluciju ili na potiskivanje divergentnih ideja – je vrlo je istaknut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marksizam">Marksizam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Marksizam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Marksizam"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kod <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marxa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engelsa</a> ideologija <a href="/wiki/Marksizam" title="Marksizam">marksizma</a>, koja sustav ideja povezan s vladajućom klasom i vladajućim društveno-ekonomskim odnosima prepoznaju kao ideologiju usmjerenu na opravdavanje postojećeg poretka (u njihovo doba, kapitalističkog). Kao i kod prosvjetitelja, ideologije neminovno prikazuju stvarni svijet iskrivljeno: predstavljalju lažnu svijest. </p><p>Marx i Engels uvode međutim važan pojam <a href="/wiki/Feti%C5%A1izam" title="Fetišizam">fetišizma</a> svijesti, koji je karakteristika ideologija: svijet ideja zamišlja se kao samostalan, neovisan o materijalnoj i društvenoj osnovi. Zastupnici postojećeg poretka i vladajućih klasa zaista vjeruju u svoje ideje, one su razrađene u složen sustav čiju lažnost nije jednostavno pokazati. To nisu naprosto »dogme i predrasude«&#160;za koje se lako može uvidjeti da su lažne, čim im se suprotstave »ispravne«&#160;ideje; iluzija prosvjetitelja da je to moguće izraz je njihove buržuaske ideologije. Umjesto puke »borbe ideja«&#160;potrebna je složena analiza stvarnosti i organizirana društvena (klasna) borba da se stvarnost promjeni. </p><p>Marx i Engels ponekad rabe pojam "ideologija" za označavanje čitave tzv. duhovne nadgradnje, svih područja duhovne djelatnosti (religija, filozofija, moral i etika, umjenost, znanost, politika, pravo itd.), a ponekad u užem smislu, za one ideje koje su direktno usmjerene na zadaću opravdanja poretka. Ideologija je lažna, izvrnuta, fetiširana svijest. Ta lažnost potječe iz njene klasne uvjetovanosti: ideologija je duhovni izraz klasnih (staleških, cehovskih, kastinskih itd.) interesa, koji uvjetuju način na koji pripadnici klase spoznanu sami sebe. </p><p>Pojam "ideologija" ima izrazito negativno značenje: označava specifičnu strukturu svijesti klasnog društva, koja će nestati u budućem besklasnom, <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunističkom</a> društvu. Za ideološko mišljenje karakteristično je <a href="/wiki/Otu%C4%91enje" class="mw-disambig" title="Otuđenje">otuđenje</a> (alijenacija): teorijski oblikujući klasnu svijest, ideolozi se bave mislima kao samostalnim bitnostima, uobražavajući da one egzistiraju same za sebe, izvan povijesne uvjetovanosti. Raniji kritičari kapitalističkog sustava, koji nisu raspolagali valjanom analizom kapitalističke zbilje, mogli su ovome suprotstaviti samo <a href="/wiki/Utopija" class="mw-disambig" title="Utopija">utopijske</a> ideje (<a href="/wiki/Utopijski_socijalizam" title="Utopijski socijalizam">utopijski socijalizam</a>), dok kritika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politi%C4%8Dke_ekonomije&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Političke ekonomije (stranica ne postoji)">političke ekonomije</a> koju je poduzeo Marx u <i><a href="/wiki/Kapital_(Marx)" title="Kapital (Marx)">Kapitalu</a></i>, daje osnov za spoznaju zakonitosti povijesnih kretanja i uviđanje povijesne uloge <a href="/wiki/Proletarijat" title="Proletarijat">proletarijata</a>, te time i za prevazilaženje klasnog društva i za nestanak ideologije kao <a href="/wiki/Otu%C4%91enje" class="mw-disambig" title="Otuđenje">otuđene</a> svijesti. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marksizam" title="Marksizam">Marksisti</a> su obilato upotrebljavali pojam ideologije u svojim analizama; one su snažno utjecale na opću intelektualnu klimu tijekom većeg dijela 20. stoljeća. </p><p>Marksističkim analizama povijesne i društvene uvjetovanosti svijesti bliski su i nemarksistički mislioci raznih orijentacija, od kojih je najvažniji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Mannheim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Mannheim (stranica ne postoji)">Karl Mannheim</a>. Vrlo je teško pobijati da takva uvjetovanost postoji. Umjesto poricanja, najsnažniji odgovor je primjena metode kritike ideologija i na sam <a href="/wiki/Marksizam" title="Marksizam">marksizam</a> i <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunizam</a>, što su učinili tzv. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stvarala%C4%8Dki_marksizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stvaralački marksizam (stranica ne postoji)">stvaralački marksisti</a>, Mannheim i drugi. </p><p>Umjesto postojeće (u principu: liberalne) ideologije marksisti nude svoju vlastitu, koja naposljetku doista nije lišena onih mana koje Marx i Engels prepoznaju u ideologiji povlaštenih slojeva svojega vremena. Marksisti će tako sve do najnovijeg vremena ustrajno tvrditi da će se nacionalizacijom gospodarstva postići veću ekonomsku učinkovitost, a gušenjem prava na slobodu govora i slobode političkog udruživanja veću slobodu – usprkos svim očitim dokazima u suprotno. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lenjinizam">Lenjinizam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Lenjinizam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Lenjinizam"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nasuprot izvornom Marxovom i Engelsovom pojmu ideologije kao lažne, iskrivljene, fetišizirane svijesti, u <a href="/wiki/Dogmatizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogmatizam">dogmatskoj</a>, vulgariziranoj verziji teorije, koja postaje obavezna u <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a>-u, a potom i u drugim zemljama s komunističkim režimima, uključujući i SFR Jugoslaviju pod imenom <a href="/wiki/Lenjinizam" title="Lenjinizam">marksizam-lenjinizam</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dijalekti%C4%8Dki_i_historijski_materijalizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dijalektički i historijski materijalizam (stranica ne postoji)">dijalektički i historijski materijalizam</a> – a od koje se varijante marksizma znatan dio pobornika Marxove misli ograđivao (ne libeći se da ponude vlastite »teorije«, zakođer nerijetko opterećene radikalističkom nesnošljivošću prema drugačijim mišljenjima i htijenjem da se svoju »verziju istine«&#160;nametne revolucionarnim, tj. nasilnim sredstvima) – još od samih početaka lenjinizma razvijen je i »pozitivan«&#160;pojam ideologije. Sustav ideja koji izražava klasnu svijest <a href="/wiki/Proletarijat" title="Proletarijat">proletarijata</a> i njegovu povijesnu ulogu (tj. sam marksizam-lenjinizam) također se naziva ideologijom. Kod lenjinista je (pomnim iščitavanjem Marxovih tekstova, koje sljedbenici moraju pomno proučavati, nadahnuta) ideologija odnosno tzv. »klasna svijest«, za razliku od ostalih, objektivno istinita (točnije, pretendira da bude doživljena kao istina): ona vjerno odražava zakonitosti povijesnog zbivanja. Nju oblikuje avangarda proletarijata organizirana u <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunističku</a> stranku. </p><p>Bezbrojni službeni ideolozi u državama pod vlašću komunističkih partija negirali su "buržuoaske" ideje kao i "idejna skretanja" u samom komunizmu, služeći se marksističkim idejama svedenim na isprazne sheme i fraze, naročito u <a href="/wiki/Staljinizam" title="Staljinizam">staljinističkoj</a> verziji. U službi totalitarnih režima, komunistički ideolozi su ponavljali fraze koje su izgubile svaki kontakt sa »stvarnim procesom života«, slično kao i filozofi kojima su se Marx i Engels podrugivali u <i>Njemačkoj ideologiji</i>, ali bez njihove strastvenosti i individualnosti. Kritika ideologija svedena je na krajnje primitivnu ideologiju, na sirovu <a href="/wiki/Dogmatizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogmatizam">dogmu</a> koja se nametala silom. </p><p>Nasuprot dogmatizmu, tijekom XX. stoljeća bilo je mislilaca koji su način mišljenja Marxa i Engelsa primjenjivali i dalje razvijali na znatno plodonosniji način, ili su se njime inspirirali. Marxova i Engelsova teorija ideologija, kao i druge njihove koncepcije, snažno su utjecale osobito na <a href="/wiki/Sociologija" title="Sociologija">sociologiju</a> i <a href="/wiki/Historiografija" title="Historiografija">historiografiju</a> XX. stoljeća. </p><p>Nezavisni <a href="/wiki/Marksizam" title="Marksizam">marksistički</a> mislioci (koji su sebe 1960-ih godina nazvali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stvarala%C4%8Dki_marksizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stvaralački marksizam (stranica ne postoji)">stvaralački marksisti</a>, npr. jugoslavenski <a href="/wiki/Praxis_filozofija" title="Praxis filozofija">praxisovci</a>), načinili su korak dalje: marksističku analizu i kritiku primijenili su i na društva tadašnjih komunističkih država i na njihove ideologije, pokazujući kako se stvarnost ne slaže s <a href="/wiki/Ideal" title="Ideal">idealima</a> niti ideologije sa stvarnošću. Tako su npr. dokazivali da je umjesto vlasti <a href="/wiki/Proletarijat" title="Proletarijat">proletarijata</a> u komunističkim državama uspostavljena vladavina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_klasa_(%C4%90ilas)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nova klasa (Đilas) (stranica ne postoji)">nove klase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birokracija" title="Birokracija">birokracije</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politokracija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Politokracija (stranica ne postoji)">politokracije</a>, te da je službena ideologija zvana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dijalekti%C4%8Dki_i_historijski_materijalizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dijalektički i historijski materijalizam (stranica ne postoji)">dijalektički i historijski materijalizam</a> u službi nove vladajuće klase. Oni koji su djelovali u zemljama pod komunističkom vlašću time su postali <a href="/wiki/Disident" title="Disident">disidenti</a> i bili izloženi progonima. Uz <a href="/wiki/Lav_Trocki" title="Lav Trocki">Lava Trockog</a>, jedan od najvažnijih je <a href="/wiki/Milovan_%C4%90ilas" title="Milovan Đilas">Milovan Đilas</a>, koji je u inozemstvu objavio knjigu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_klasa_(%C4%90ilas)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nova klasa (Đilas) (stranica ne postoji)">Nova klasa</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funkcije_ideologije">Funkcije ideologije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Funkcije ideologije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Funkcije ideologije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="box-Izdvoji messagebox plainlinks" style="width:min(50em, 96%); margin: 0 auto; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: #2371CB; padding: 0.5em 1em;"> <tbody><tr style="width: 100%;"> <td style="width: 50px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Splitsection.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ideologija"><img alt="Ideologija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Splitsection.svg/40px-Splitsection.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Splitsection.svg/60px-Splitsection.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Splitsection.svg/80px-Splitsection.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="20" /></a><figcaption>Ideologija</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width: calc(100% - 50px);">Predloženo je da se ovaj dio članka <b>izdvoji</b> u novi članak. (<a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Ideologija" title="Razgovor:Ideologija">Rasprava</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Funkcije ideologije</b> proizlaze iz karaktera uvjeta u kojima je nastala. Stoga svaka <b>ideologija</b> nosi i određena svojstva koja određuju i modalitete njenih funkcija. S obzirom na karakter ideologije moguće je izdvojiti njene dvije globalne funkcije: </p> <ul><li>pozitivna i</li> <li>negativna.</li></ul> <p><b>Pozitivna funkcija</b> očituje se u tome kada ideologija posreduje kao pozitivan faktor u <a href="/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo">društvenom</a> razvoju - pokretač društvenog napretka, dok se <b>negativna funkcija</b> očituje kao demotivacijsko i retrogradno djelovanje ideologije u <a href="/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo">društvu</a>, a posebno u reakcionarnom i konzervativnom smislu. </p><p>Prema razini formiranja opsega i karaktera uticaja moguće je izdvojiti najmanje tri razine funkcija ideologije: </p> <ul><li>Prvi nivo je onaj gdje se ideologija shvaća i upotrebljava kao instrument izražavanja pripadnosti određenoj društvenoj skupini, određenom staležu, stranci itd.</li> <li>Drugi nivo je upotreba ideologije u socijalno-klasnom i statusnom razlikovanju i povezivanju unutar klase, tj. socijalne <a href="/wiki/Stratifikacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Stratifikacija">stratifikacije</a> <a href="/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo">društva</a>.</li> <li>Treći nivo je posredovanje ideologije u društvenim i <a href="/wiki/Politika" title="Politika">političikim</a> promjenama i to: <ol><li><i>reforme klasnog ili socijalnog sustava i političke vlasti.</i></li> <li><i>radikalna izmjena klasnih odnosa, socijalnog sustava i postojećeg oblika vlasti.</i></li> <li><i>očuvanje statusa <b>quo</b> u društvenim odnosima, zaštita i održanje postojećih institucija i modela vlasti u društvu.</i></li></ol></li> <li>Četvrti nivo je posrednička i instrumentalna uloga ideologije u političkom organiziranju društva i oblika vlasti kroz forme političke borbe (nadmetanja) i političkog djelovanja: od organiziranja u <a href="/wiki/Politi%C4%8Dka_stranka" title="Politička stranka">političke stranke</a> i društvene grupe za pritisak do organiziranja političkog nadmetanja na izborima, zatim osvajanja ili zadržavanja pozicija vlasti i donošenja ključnih političko-pravnih (zakonskih) i materijalnih odluka značajnih za čitavo društvo.</li></ul> <p>Na svim spomenutim nivoima osnovna karakteristika <b>ideologije</b> jest težnja da se, upravo, taj oblik ideologije prezentira i nametne kao dominantan, univerzalan i svrsishodan, uz istovremeno kritičko i iskrivljeno predstavljanje drugih ideoloških koncepcija i mogućnosti u društvu. S obzirom na to i konkretne funkcije koje ima ili može imati ideologija, te njene manifestirajuće oblike, možemo razlikovati nekoliko tipova ideologije&#160;: </p> <ol><li><b>Prvo</b>, ideologija društvene grupe (npr. birokracije, tehnokracije, nacije, itd.)</li> <li><b>Drugo</b>, ideologija klase (vladajuće ili subordinirane klase)</li> <li><b>Treće</b>, ideologija profesije (<a href="/wiki/Politi%C4%8Dar" title="Političar">političara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Manager">managera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravnik">pravnika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umjetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Umjetnik">umjetnika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Radnik">radnika</a>, itd.)</li> <li><b>Četvrto</b>, stranačka ideologija (građanske, demokratske, socijalističke, komunističke, fašističke, nacionalne, religijske stranke, partija, itd.)</li> <li><b>Peto</b>, individualističke (neizdiferencirane) ideologije (ideologije neorganiziranih pojedinaca, naučnika, <a href="/wiki/Umjetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Umjetnik">umjetnika</a>, i dr.)</li></ol> <p>S obzirom na javnu poziciju (položaj) ideologije mogu biti: </p> <ul><li>vladajuće</li> <li>periferne ili subordinirane</li></ul> <p>S obzirom na način postizanja cilja: </p> <ul><li>reformističke</li> <li>revolucionarne.</li></ul> <p>Prema sadržaju ideologije mogu biti: </p> <ul><li>reakcijske</li> <li>konzervativne</li> <li>progresivne (liberalne)</li> <li>radikalne. <ul><li><b>Reakcijske</b> ideologije su one koje teže povratku na staro ili sugeriraju društveni sklop, <a href="/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo">društvo</a>, model društvenih odnosa koji je zasnovan na elementima nesloboda, represije, diskriminacije itd.</li> <li><b>Konzervativne</b> ideologije su one koje teže zadržavanju status <b>quo</b> u društvu.</li> <li><b>Progresivne (liberalne)</b> ideologije odlikuju se težnjom prevazilaženja tradicionalnog u korist društvenih promjena i inovacija.</li> <li><b>Radikalne</b> ideologije teže korjenitoj, totalnoj promjeni društva i povijesno-kritičkom razumijevanju ljudske prakse.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vilfredo_Pareto">Vilfredo Pareto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Vilfredo Pareto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vilfredo Pareto"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Talijanski ekonomist i sociolog <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Vilfredo Pareto</a> razvio je tzv. <a href="/wiki/Pozitivizam" title="Pozitivizam">pozitivističko</a> učenje o ideologijama. Ljudi se u svojem društvenom djelovanju rukovode osjećajima, raspoloženjima i htijenjima, koji su raznoliki i promjenljivi; ali oni uvijek nastoje svom djelovanju dati privid logičnosti, dosljednosti i koherentnosti. To se njihovo nastojanje <b>derivira</b> u sustavu političko-svjetonazorskih vrednovanja, koja nazivamo ideologijama. Različite društvene <a href="/wiki/Elita" title="Elita">elite</a> rukovode se raznim ideologijama u svoje društvenom djelovanju. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Geiger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Geiger (stranica ne postoji)">Theodor Geiger</a> proširio je primjenu paretoovih pojmova, rabeći pojam <b>derivacija</b> za svako teorijsko opravdanje afektivnih i životnih angažmana. Pojedinci razvijaju takve teorije (ideologije), ali da bismo shvatili kako su one "derivirane" moramo uzeti u obzir i njihovo društveno okruženje: <a href="/wiki/Mentalitet" title="Mentalitet">mentalitet</a> društva ili društvene skupine u kojoj djeluju, prevladavajuće "duševne dispozicije", dominantan "socio-psihološki karakter". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karl_Mannheim">Karl Mannheim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Karl Mannheim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Karl Mannheim"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nasuprot <a href="/wiki/Pozitivizam" title="Pozitivizam">pozitivističkoj</a> teoriji, drugačiji pristup problemu ideologija razvijen je u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociologija_znanja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociologija znanja (stranica ne postoji)">sociologiji znanja</a>, koju su zasnovali <a href="/wiki/Max_Scheler" title="Max Scheler">Max Scheler</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Mannheim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Mannheim (stranica ne postoji)">Karl Mannheim</a>. Mannheim je razvio tzv. "totalni pojam ideologije": treba imati hrabrosti da kao ideološka promatramo ne samo protivnička stajališta nego načelno sva, pa i vlastita. Tim postupkom, od običnog učenja o ideologiji nastaje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociologija_znanja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociologija znanja (stranica ne postoji)">sociologija znanja</a>. Svako mišljenje u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duhovne_nauke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duhovne nauke (stranica ne postoji)">duhovnim naukama</a> je ideološko, tj. vezano uz konkretnu egzistenciju, uvjetovano i relativno. Ideologija izražava "totalnu svijest" neke epohe ili grupe. </p><p>Mannheim međutim odbacuje "relativizam" (<a href="/wiki/Skepticizam" title="Skepticizam">skepticizam</a>) koji bi mogao biti posljedica ovakvog stava. Moguć je napredak spoznaje kroz analizu povijesnih i društvenih uvjetovanosti, za koje on upotrebljava termin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relacionizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Relacionizam (stranica ne postoji)">relacionizam</a>. </p><p>Korelat pojmu ideologije kod Mannheima je pojam <a href="/wiki/Utopija" class="mw-disambig" title="Utopija">utopije</a>: ideologija je sustav mišljenja usmjeren zaštiti poretka, ali iz sebe same ona stvara utopiju kao <a href="/wiki/Transcendentnost" title="Transcendentnost">trancendiranje</a> tog okvira; utopija može biti idejni osnov za revoluciju, koja ruši zatečeni poredak. </p><p>Svako je mišljenje o društvu i duhu društveno uvjetovano; zahtjev za objektivnom spoznajom istine ne može se nikada zadovoljiti. Nijedno posebno mišljenje, nijedna posebna "ideologija", ne može pretendirati da je ispravnije od drugih. Jedini koji se idealu objektivne spoznaje mogu donekle približiti po Mannheimu su "<b>slobodno lebdeći intelektualci</b>" koji se striktno suzdržavaju od sudjelovanja u društvenim i političkim borbama, te stalno provode znanstveno-sociološku samokontrolu vlastitih ideja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suvremena_gledišta"><span id="Suvremena_gledi.C5.A1ta"></span>Suvremena gledišta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Suvremena gledišta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Suvremena gledišta"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ideologije su se shvaćale kao oblik sekularne <a href="/wiki/Religija" title="Religija">religije</a> koji zahtijeva vjeru i krajnje iracionalne stilove mišljenja. <sup>&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Navo%C4%91enje_izvora" title="Wikipedija:Navođenje izvora">nedostaje izvor</a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Tezu o kraju ideologije iznio je američki sociolog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Bell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Bell (stranica ne postoji)">Daniel Bell</a> u knjizi <i>Kraj ideologije</i> (1960). Dokazivao je da su ideologije 19. stoljeća na Zapadu iscrpljene s trijumfom socijalno zainteresiranog, liberalnog <a href="/wiki/Pragmatizam" title="Pragmatizam">pragmatizma</a> i opadanjem ekstremističkih ideologija, posebno onih koje su zasnovane na <a href="/wiki/A_priori" title="A priori">apriornom</a> shvaćanju istine i monističkom rezoniranju - ideologija postaje nevažna. </p><p>Kritičari su upozorili da je teza o kraju ideologije takoder ideološka, jer je izražavala specifična kretanja i interese u 1950-im i 1960-ima i davala im posebno tumačenje i smjer. </p><p>Slomom <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunizma</a>, ideja kraja ideologije dobiva nov zamah. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Francis Fukuyama</a> u eseju "Kraj povijesti?" iz 1989., obrazlažući ideju o kraju povijesti, dokazuje da završava razdoblje velikih ideologija i ideoloških sukoba i tvrdi da je jedan skup ideja (zapadni liberalizam) pobijedio drugi (marksizam-lenjinizam). Za Fukuyamu, "kraj povijesti" znači zapravo kraj temeljne ideološke rasprave. Fukuyama je također doživio brojne kritike, s raznih strana. Njegove teze proglašene su apologijom trijumfirajućeg <a href="/wiki/Kapitalizam" title="Kapitalizam">kapitalizma</a> u doba raspada <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a>-a i propasti <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunističkih</a> sustava. </p><p>Kasniji razvoj svjetskih prilika učinio je Fukuyaminu tezu o apsolutnom idejnom trijumfu <a href="/wiki/Liberalizam" title="Liberalizam">liberalnog</a> kapitalizma neuvjerljivom. Među teorijski dubokim kritikama ističe se ona <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derridaova</a> u njegovu djelu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sablasti_Marxa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sablasti Marxa (stranica ne postoji)">Sablasti Marxa</a></i>. Derridaovo isticanje <a href="/wiki/Emancipacija" title="Emancipacija">emancipatorske</a> misli podsjeća na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Mannheim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Mannheim (stranica ne postoji)">Mannheimovo</a> isticanje značaja pojma <a href="/wiki/Utopija" class="mw-disambig" title="Utopija">utopije</a>, povezane s ideologijama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Mannheim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Mannheim (stranica ne postoji)">Mannheim, Karl</a>: <i>Ideologija i utopija</i>, Beograd: Nolit, 1978. (Prvo izdanje na njemačkom 1965.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx, Karl</a> i <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels, Friedrich</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Rani_radovi_(Marx_i_Engels)" title="Rani radovi (Marx i Engels)">Rani radovi</a></i>, Zagreb: Naprijed, 1985. (7. izdanje. Prvo izdanje 1953.)</li> <li>Nohlen, Dieter (ur.): <i>Politološki rječnik. Država i politika</i>, Osijek–Zagreb–Split: Pan Liber, 2001. (Original na njemačkom, 1. izd. 1991, 4. izd. 1996.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-her-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-her_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-her_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-her_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Hrvatski_enciklopedijski_rje%C4%8Dnik" title="Hrvatski enciklopedijski rječnik">Hrvatski enciklopedijski rječnik</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rječnik stranih riječi izraza i kratica</i> Dr Bratoljub Klaić Zora Zagreb 1962.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110203235744/http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/ideology">Oxford Advanced Learnear's Dictionary</a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/ideology">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 3. veljače 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 6. siječnja 2011.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Oxford+Advanced+Learnear%27s+Dictionary&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fideology&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIdeologija" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">journal zahtijeva <code class="cs1-code">&#124;journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke#missing_periodical" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške">pomoć</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slobodnajugoslavija.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=80&amp;Itemid=7">Njemačka Ideologija - Slobodna Jugoslavija</a> &#8194;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131934/http://www.slobodnajugoslavija.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=80&amp;Itemid=7">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a>&#32;od 29. rujna 2007. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slobodnajugoslavija.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=blogcategory&amp;id=3&amp;Itemid=7">Marksizam - SloYu</a> &#8194;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131758/http://www.slobodnajugoslavija.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=blogcategory&amp;id=3&amp;Itemid=7">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a>&#32;od 29. rujna 2007. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7f58d5dcf5‐wv75p Cached time: 20241110082417 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.120 seconds Real time usage: 0.172 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 561/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7963/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2115/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5338/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.045/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2389332/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 132.555 1 -total 66.12% 87.643 1 Predložak:Izvori 55.27% 73.267 1 Predložak:Citiranje_časopisa 16.31% 21.618 1 Predložak:Quote 7.46% 9.894 2 Predložak:Webarchive 3.69% 4.887 2 Predložak:DatumFormat 3.69% 4.885 1 Predložak:Izdvoji 3.59% 4.765 2 Predložak:Održavanje 3.11% 4.125 1 Predložak:Nedostaju_izvori 2.06% 2.726 2 Predložak:Nedostaje_izvor --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key hrwiki:pcache:idhash:59251-0!canonical and timestamp 20241110082417 and revision id 6817491. 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