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data-at-regions=""> <div data-at-region="1" data-at-block-count="4" class="l-r region pr-main__content" id="rid-content"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><div id="block-giswatch-page-title" class="l-bl block block-config-provider--core block-plugin-id--page-title-block"> <div class="block__inner"> <div class="block__content"> <h1 class="page__title">Open standards</h1> </div></div> </div> <main id="block-giswatch-content" class="l-bl block block-main-content" role="main"> <div class="views-element-container element-container-wrapper"><div class="view view-taxonomy-term view-id-taxonomy_term view-display-id-page_1 js-view-dom-id-3869984a7e2cd816572392c372b46afe1608210f041dd28ba5594e2871e622ea"> <div class="view-header"> <section about="/themes/open-standards" id="taxonomy-term-11" class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--view-mode-full vocabulary-vocabulary-2"> </section> </div> <div class="view-content view-rows"> <div class="views-row"> <article data-history-node-id="6024" role="article" about="/action-steps-decade-civil-society-advocacy-information-society" class="node node--id-6024 node--type-book node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="node__container"> <header class="node__header"><h2 class="node__title"><a href="/action-steps-decade-civil-society-advocacy-information-society" class="node__title-link" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field-name-title field-formatter-string field-type-string field-label-hidden">Action Steps: A decade of civil society advocacy in the information society</span> </a></h2></header> <div class="node__content"><div class="field field-node--field-book-cover field-formatter-image field-name-field-book-cover field-type-image field-label-hidden has-single"><figure class="field-type-image__figure image-count-1"><div class="field-type-image__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/giswatch_report_201808_v13.png?itok=OzGja5ok" width="66" height="85" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> </figure></div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-node--body field-formatter-text-summary-or-trimmed field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden has-single"><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item"><p>The purpose of this review was to look back over the past decade of country reports published in Global Information Society Watch (GISWatch) and attempt to identify trends in civil society perspectives on what needed to be done to create a people-centred information society. The period for analysis was, more accurately, just over a decade: 2007-2017, during which a GISWatch report was produced each year – a total of 11 reports.</p></div></div> </div> <div class="field field-node-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-entity-reference-type-taxonomy-term field-formatter-entity-reference-label field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-type-entity-reference field-label-inline clearfix"><h3 class="field__label">Themes</h3><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item field__item--access-to-educational-materials"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/access-educational-materials" hreflang="en">Access to educational materials</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--economic-social-and-cultural-rights-escrs"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/economic-social-and-cultural-rights-escrs" hreflang="en">Economic, Social and Cultural rights (ESCRs)</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--internet-governance"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/internet-governance" hreflang="en">Internet governance</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--access-to-libraries"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/access-libraries" hreflang="en">Access to libraries</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--civil-society-participation"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/civil-society-participation" hreflang="en">Civil society participation</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--climate-change"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/climate-change" hreflang="en">Climate change</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--communications-surveillance"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/communications-surveillance" hreflang="en">Communications surveillance</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--e-waste"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/e-waste" hreflang="en">E-waste</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--environment-and-ict"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/environment-and-ict" hreflang="en">Environment and ICT</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--freedom-of-association"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/freedom-association" hreflang="en">Freedom of association</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--freedom-of-expression"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/freedom-expression" hreflang="en">Freedom of expression</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--information-and-democracy"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/information-and-democracy" hreflang="en">Information and democracy</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--information-and-livelihoods"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/information-and-livelihoods" hreflang="en">Information and livelihoods</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--infrastructure"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/infrastructure" hreflang="en">Infrastructure</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--intellectual-property-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/intellectual-property-rights" hreflang="en">Intellectual property rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--internet-and-corruption"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/internet-and-corruption" hreflang="en">Internet and corruption</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--internet-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/internet-rights" hreflang="en">Internet rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--knowledge-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/knowledge-rights" hreflang="en">Knowledge rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--open-culture"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/open-culture" hreflang="en">Open culture</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--open-standards"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/open-standards" hreflang="en">Open standards</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--privacy"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/privacy" hreflang="en">Privacy</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--sexual-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/sexual-rights" hreflang="en">Sexual rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--social-mobilisation"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/social-mobilisation" hreflang="en">Social mobilisation</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--transparency-and-accountability-online"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/transparency-and-accountability-online" hreflang="en">Transparency and accountability online</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--womens-rights-gender"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/womens-rights-gender" hreflang="en">Women's rights, gender</a></span> </div></div> </div> <div class="node__links"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore"><span class="node-readmore__link-wrapper"><a href="/action-steps-decade-civil-society-advocacy-information-society" rel="tag" title="Action Steps: A decade of civil society advocacy in the information society" class="node-readmore__link" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Action Steps: A decade of civil society advocacy in the information society</span></a></span></li></ul></div></div></div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article data-history-node-id="5876" role="article" about="/en/giswatch-annual-snapshot-information-society-10-years-running" class="node node--id-5876 node--type-press-release node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="node__container"> <header class="node__header"><h2 class="node__title"><a href="/en/giswatch-annual-snapshot-information-society-10-years-running" class="node__title-link" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field-name-title field-formatter-string field-type-string field-label-hidden">GISWatch: An annual snapshot of the information society, 10 years running</span> </a></h2></header> <div class="node__content"><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-node--body field-formatter-text-trimmed field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden has-single"><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item"><p><a href="http://www.giswatch.org/">Global Information Society Watch</a> (<span class="caps">GISW</span>atch) has reached its 10th edition, providing the international community with yearly reports on the state of the information society from the perspective of local civil society organisations and experts from all around the world.</p> <p><img src="/sites/default/files/images/banner_10_editions.img_assist_custom-400x484.jpeg" width="400" height="484" /></p></div></div> </div> <div class="field field-node-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-entity-reference-type-taxonomy-term field-formatter-entity-reference-label field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-type-entity-reference field-label-above"><h3 class="field__label">Themes</h3><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item field__item--access-to-educational-materials"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/access-educational-materials" hreflang="en">Access to educational materials</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--economic-social-and-cultural-rights-escrs"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/economic-social-and-cultural-rights-escrs" hreflang="en">Economic, Social and Cultural rights (ESCRs)</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--access-to-libraries"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/access-libraries" hreflang="en">Access to libraries</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--civil-society-participation"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/civil-society-participation" hreflang="en">Civil society participation</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--climate-change"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/climate-change" hreflang="en">Climate change</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--communications-surveillance"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/communications-surveillance" hreflang="en">Communications surveillance</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--e-waste"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/e-waste" hreflang="en">E-waste</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--environment-and-ict"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/environment-and-ict" hreflang="en">Environment and ICT</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--freedom-of-association"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/freedom-association" hreflang="en">Freedom of association</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--freedom-of-expression"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/freedom-expression" hreflang="en">Freedom of expression</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--information-and-democracy"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/information-and-democracy" hreflang="en">Information and democracy</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--information-and-livelihoods"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/information-and-livelihoods" hreflang="en">Information and livelihoods</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--infrastructure"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/infrastructure" hreflang="en">Infrastructure</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--intellectual-property-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/intellectual-property-rights" hreflang="en">Intellectual property rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--internet-and-corruption"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/internet-and-corruption" hreflang="en">Internet and corruption</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--internet-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/internet-rights" hreflang="en">Internet rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--knowledge-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/knowledge-rights" hreflang="en">Knowledge rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--open-culture"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/open-culture" hreflang="en">Open culture</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--open-standards"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/open-standards" hreflang="en">Open standards</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--privacy"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/privacy" hreflang="en">Privacy</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--sexual-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/sexual-rights" hreflang="en">Sexual rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--social-mobilisation"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/social-mobilisation" hreflang="en">Social mobilisation</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--transparency-and-accountability-online"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/transparency-and-accountability-online" hreflang="en">Transparency and accountability online</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--womens-rights-gender"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/womens-rights-gender" hreflang="en">Women's rights, gender</a></span> </div></div> </div> <div class="node__links"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore"><span class="node-readmore__link-wrapper"><a href="/en/giswatch-annual-snapshot-information-society-10-years-running" rel="tag" title="GISWatch: An annual snapshot of the information society, 10 years running" class="node-readmore__link" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about GISWatch: An annual snapshot of the information society, 10 years running</span></a></span></li></ul></div></div></div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article data-history-node-id="500" role="article" about="/en/country-report/freedom-expression/switzerland" class="node node--id-500 node--type-country-report node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="node__container"> <header class="node__header"><h2 class="node__title"><a href="/en/country-report/freedom-expression/switzerland" class="node__title-link" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field-name-title field-formatter-string field-type-string field-label-hidden">Switzerland</span> </a></h2></header> <div class="node__content"><div class="field field-node-taxonomy-vocabulary-4 field-entity-reference-type-taxonomy-term field-formatter-entity-reference-label field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-4 field-type-entity-reference field-label-inline clearfix"><h3 class="field__label">Report Year</h3><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item field__item--_011---internet-rights-and-democratisation"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/year/2011-internet-rights-and-democratisation" hreflang="en">2011 - Internet rights and democratisation</a></span> </div></div> </div> <div class="field field-node-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-entity-reference-type-taxonomy-term field-formatter-entity-reference-label field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-type-entity-reference field-label-inline clearfix"><h3 class="field__label">Themes</h3><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item field__item--freedom-of-expression"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/freedom-expression" hreflang="en">Freedom of expression</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--information-and-democracy"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/information-and-democracy" hreflang="en">Information and democracy</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--intellectual-property-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/intellectual-property-rights" hreflang="en">Intellectual property rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--internet-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/internet-rights" hreflang="en">Internet rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--open-culture"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/open-culture" hreflang="en">Open culture</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--open-standards"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/open-standards" hreflang="en">Open standards</a></span> </div></div> </div> </div></div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article data-history-node-id="155" role="article" about="/thematic-report/2009/open-standards" class="node node--id-155 node--type-thematic-report node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="node__container"> <header class="node__header"><h2 class="node__title"><a href="/thematic-report/2009/open-standards" class="node__title-link" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field-name-title field-formatter-string field-type-string field-label-hidden">Opening standards, opening human liberty</span> </a></h2></header> <div class="node__content"><div class="field field-node-taxonomy-vocabulary-4 field-entity-reference-type-taxonomy-term field-formatter-entity-reference-label field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-4 field-type-entity-reference field-label-inline clearfix"><h3 class="field__label">Year</h3><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item field__item--_009---access-to-online-information-and-knowledge"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/year/2009-access-online-information-and-knowledge" hreflang="en">2009 - Access to Online Information and Knowledge</a></span> </div></div> </div> <div class="field field-node-field-authors field-entity-reference-type-user field-formatter-entity-reference-label field-name-field-authors field-type-entity-reference field-label-inline clearfix"><h3 class="field__label">Authored by</h3><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item field__item--laura-denardis"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/users/ldenardis" hreflang="en">Laura DeNardis</a></span> </div></div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-organization field-formatter-string field-name-field-organization field-type-string field-label-inline clearfix has-single"><h3 class="field__label">Organization</h3><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item">Yale Information Society Project</div></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-node--body field-formatter-text-summary-or-trimmed field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden has-single"><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item"><h2>Introduction</h2></div></div> </div> <div class="field field-node-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-entity-reference-type-taxonomy-term field-formatter-entity-reference-label field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-type-entity-reference field-label-above"><h3 class="field__label">Themes</h3><div class="field__items"><div class="field__item field__item--internet-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/internet-rights" hreflang="en">Internet rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--knowledge-rights"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/knowledge-rights" hreflang="en">Knowledge rights</a></span> </div><div class="field__item field__item--open-standards"> <span class="field__item-wrapper"><a href="/themes/open-standards" hreflang="en">Open standards</a></span> </div></div> </div> <div class="node__links"><ul class="links inline"><li class="node-readmore"><span class="node-readmore__link-wrapper"><a href="/thematic-report/2009/open-standards" rel="tag" title="Opening standards, opening human liberty" class="node-readmore__link" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Opening standards, opening human liberty</span></a></span></li></ul></div></div></div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="feed-icons"> <a href="https://www.giswatch.org/taxonomy/term/11/feed" class="feed-icon"> <svg version="1.1" class="feed-icon-rss" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"> <g> <path class="feed-icon-rss__path" d="M2.7,14.5c-0.8,0-1.4,0.3-1.9,0.8C0.3,15.9,0,16.5,0,17.3c0,0.8,0.3,1.4,0.8,1.9 C1.3,19.7,2,20,2.7,20s1.4-0.3,1.9-0.8c0.5-0.5,0.8-1.2,0.8-1.9c0-0.8-0.3-1.4-0.8-1.9C4.1,14.8,3.5,14.5,2.7,14.5z"/> <path class="feed-icon-rss__path" 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