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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kégresse_track" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kégresse_track"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kégresse track</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kégresse_track-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steam_log_hauler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steam_log_hauler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Steam log hauler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steam_log_hauler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autochenille_and_autoneige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autochenille_and_autoneige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><i>Autochenille</i> and <i>autoneige</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autochenille_and_autoneige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_half-track_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_half-track_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>World War II half-track use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_half-track_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infantry_transporters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infantry_transporters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Infantry transporters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infantry_transporters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_weapon_platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_weapon_platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Support weapon platforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_weapon_platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utility_and_tractor_half-tracks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utility_and_tractor_half-tracks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Utility and tractor half-tracks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utility_and_tractor_half-tracks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Cold War use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Civilian use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> 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href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Полуверижна машина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полуверижна машина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semieruga" title="Semieruga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Semieruga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvb%C3%A6ltek%C3%B8ret%C3%B8j" title="Halvbæltekøretøj – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Halvbæltekøretøj" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbkettenfahrzeug" title="Halbkettenfahrzeug – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Halbkettenfahrzeug" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolroomiks%C3%B5iduk" title="Poolroomiksõiduk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poolroomiksõiduk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semioruga" title="Semioruga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Semioruga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-chenill%C3%A9" title="Semi-chenillé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Semi-chenillé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84%EC%B0%A8" title="반궤도차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반궤도차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendaraan_setengah_roda_rantai" title="Kendaraan setengah roda rantai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kendaraan setengah roda rantai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veicolo_semicingolato" title="Veicolo semicingolato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Veicolo semicingolato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%97%D7%9C%22%D7%9D" title="זחל"ם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זחל"ם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenderaan_separa_landasan" title="Kenderaan separa landasan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kenderaan separa landasan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfrupsvoertuig" title="Halfrupsvoertuig – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Halfrupsvoertuig" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A3%85%E8%BB%8C%E8%BB%8A" title="半装軌車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="半装軌車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvbeltekj%C3%B8ret%C3%B8y" title="Halvbeltekjøretøy – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Halvbeltekjøretøy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pojazd_p%C3%B3%C5%82g%C4%85sienicowy" title="Pojazd półgąsienicowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pojazd półgąsienicowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semilagarta" title="Semilagarta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Semilagarta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto%C8%99enil%C4%83" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Land vehicle with both regular wheels and continuous tracks</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Halftrack" redirects here. For the comic strip character, see <a href="/wiki/Beetle_Bailey" title="Beetle Bailey">Beetle Bailey</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Half-track" title="Special:EditPage/Half-track">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Half-track%22">"Half-track"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Half-track%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Half-track%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Half-track%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Half-track%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Half-track%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1931_Citro%C3%ABn_Autochenille_P17_Croisi%C3%A8re_Jaune_photo_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1931_Citro%C3%ABn_Autochenille_P17_Croisi%C3%A8re_Jaune_photo_2.jpg/300px-1931_Citro%C3%ABn_Autochenille_P17_Croisi%C3%A8re_Jaune_photo_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1931_Citro%C3%ABn_Autochenille_P17_Croisi%C3%A8re_Jaune_photo_2.jpg/450px-1931_Citro%C3%ABn_Autochenille_P17_Croisi%C3%A8re_Jaune_photo_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1931_Citro%C3%ABn_Autochenille_P17_Croisi%C3%A8re_Jaune_photo_2.jpg/600px-1931_Citro%C3%ABn_Autochenille_P17_Croisi%C3%A8re_Jaune_photo_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Citroën P17 half-track truck of the early 1930s</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>half-track</b> is a civilian or <a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">military vehicle</a> with regular wheels at the front for steering and <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">continuous tracks</a> at the back to propel the vehicle and carry most of the load. The purpose of this combination is to produce a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Off-roading" title="Off-roading">cross-country capabilities</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Car_handling" class="mw-redirect" title="Car handling">handling</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheeled</a> vehicle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main advantage of half-tracks over wheeled vehicles is that the tracks reduce the pressure on any given area of the ground by spreading the vehicle's weight over a larger area, which gives it greater mobility over soft terrain like mud and snow, while they do not require the <a href="/wiki/Tank_steering_systems" title="Tank steering systems">complex steering mechanisms</a> of fully tracked vehicles, relying instead on their front wheels to direct the vehicle, augmented in some cases by track braking controlled by the steering wheel. </p><p>It is not difficult for someone who can drive a car to drive a half-track, which is a great advantage over fully tracked vehicles, which require specialized training. Half-tracks thus facilitate moving personnel and equipment successfully across varying terrain. </p><p>The main disadvantage is the increased maintenance to maintain track tension, and the reduced life span of tracks (up to 10,000 km) compared to tires (up to 80,000 km). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kégresse_track"><span id="K.C3.A9gresse_track"></span>Kégresse track</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kégresse track"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9gresse_track" title="Kégresse track">Kégresse track</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kegresse_tsar17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Kegresse_tsar17.jpg/220px-Kegresse_tsar17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Kegresse_tsar17.jpg/330px-Kegresse_tsar17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Kegresse_tsar17.jpg/440px-Kegresse_tsar17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>A car from Tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a>'s personal car pool converted with <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9gresse_track" title="Kégresse track">Kégresse tracks</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_K%C3%A9gresse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_K%C3%A9gresse.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_K%C3%A9gresse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_K%C3%A9gresse.jpg/330px-Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_K%C3%A9gresse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_K%C3%A9gresse.jpg/440px-Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_K%C3%A9gresse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost">Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost</a> with <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9gresse_track" title="Kégresse track">Kégresse track</a>, converted by the <a href="/wiki/Kirov_Plant" title="Kirov Plant">Putilov Plant</a>), at <a href="/wiki/Gorki_Leninskiye" title="Gorki Leninskiye">Gorki Leninskiye</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The French engineer <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_K%C3%A9gresse" title="Adolphe Kégresse">Adolphe Kégresse</a> converted a number of cars from the personal car pool of Tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a> to half-tracks in 1911. His system was named after him: the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9gresse_track" title="Kégresse track">Kégresse track</a>, which used a flexible belt rather than interlocking metal segments. He applied it to several vehicles in the imperial garage, including <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited">Rolls-Royce</a> cars and <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a> trucks. The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> also fitted the system to a number of their <a href="/wiki/Austin_Armoured_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Armoured Car">Austin Armoured Cars</a>. From 1916 onward, there was a Russian project by the <a href="/wiki/Kirov_Plant" title="Kirov Plant">Putilov Plant</a> to produce military half-tracks (the Austin-Putilov model), along the same lines, using trucks and French track parts. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, Kégresse returned to his native France, where the system was used on <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroën</a> cars between 1921 and 1937 for off-road and military vehicles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steam_log_hauler">Steam log hauler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Steam log hauler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lombard_steam_log_hauler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lombard_steam_log_hauler.jpg/220px-Lombard_steam_log_hauler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lombard_steam_log_hauler.jpg/330px-Lombard_steam_log_hauler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lombard_steam_log_hauler.jpg/440px-Lombard_steam_log_hauler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>A restored Lombard steam log hauler in New Hampshire, US, in 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holt75pk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An early bulldozer-like tractor, on crawler tracks, with a leading single wheel for steering - projecting from the front - on an extension to the frame. The large internal combustion engine is in full view, with the cooling radiator prominent at the front. An overall roof is supported by thin rods, and side protection sheeting is rolled up under the edge of the roof." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Holt75pk.jpg/220px-Holt75pk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Holt75pk.jpg/330px-Holt75pk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Holt75pk.jpg/440px-Holt75pk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1211" data-file-height="878" /></a><figcaption>The Holt 75 model gasoline-powered Caterpillar tractor. Later models were produced without the front "tiller wheel".</figcaption></figure> <p>The concept originated with the hauling of logs in the northeastern US, with the <a href="/wiki/Lombard_Steam_Log_Hauler" title="Lombard Steam Log Hauler">Lombard Steam Log Hauler</a> built by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvin_Lombard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvin Lombard (page does not exist)">Alvin Lombard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Waterville,_Maine" title="Waterville, Maine">Waterville, Maine</a>, from 1899 to 1917. The vehicle resembled a railway steam locomotive, with sled steering (or wheels) in front and at the rear, crawlers driven by chains instead of the driving wheels of a locomotive.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1907, <a href="/wiki/Circus" title="Circus">dog and pony show</a> operator H. H. Linn abandoned his gas-and-steam-powered four- and six-wheel-drive creations and had Lombard build a motor home/traction engine run by an underslung four-cylinder Brennan gasoline engine to travel the unimproved roads of the day, with wheels at the front and tracks at the rear: the first payload-carrying half-track. By 1909 this was replaced by a smaller machine with two wheels at the front and a single track behind, since rural wooden bridges presented problems. </p><p>Stability issues, together with a dispute between Linn and Lombard, led Linn to create the Linn Manufacturing Company, builder of the <a href="/wiki/Linn_tractor" title="Linn tractor">Linn tractor</a>, for building and putting onto the market his own improved civilian half-track–style machines. Lombard attempted to follow but, for the most part, remained a pulling machine. Linn would later register "Haftrak" and "Catruk" as trademarks, the latter for a half-track meant to convert hydraulically from truck to crawler configuration. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artillery_tractor_in_France_Vosges_Spring_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Artillery_tractor_in_France_Vosges_Spring_1915.jpg/220px-Artillery_tractor_in_France_Vosges_Spring_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Artillery_tractor_in_France_Vosges_Spring_1915.jpg/330px-Artillery_tractor_in_France_Vosges_Spring_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Artillery_tractor_in_France_Vosges_Spring_1915.jpg/440px-Artillery_tractor_in_France_Vosges_Spring_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>Artillery tractors (here a <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Holt" title="Benjamin Holt">Holt</a> tractor) used by the French Army in 1914-1915</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HoltTractorFrontviewAnd8inchHowitzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Holt seventy-five tractor towing a field gun through a war-damaged village in Europe. The tractor is stacked high with supplies, and a number of uniformed soldiers are walking alongside." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/HoltTractorFrontviewAnd8inchHowitzer.jpg/220px-HoltTractorFrontviewAnd8inchHowitzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/HoltTractorFrontviewAnd8inchHowitzer.jpg/330px-HoltTractorFrontviewAnd8inchHowitzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/HoltTractorFrontviewAnd8inchHowitzer.jpg/440px-HoltTractorFrontviewAnd8inchHowitzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>A Holt tractor towing artillery through a French village in 1916</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tractor" title="Tractor">Tractors</a> used to tow <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> and designs with front wheels and tracks at the rear began to appear prior to the outbreak of war, often based on agricultural machines such as the <a href="/wiki/Holt_tractor" title="Holt tractor">Holt tractor</a>. The basic half-track concept was originally showcased by the British during the war. </p><p>With such tractors, the tactical use of heavier guns to supplement the light horse-drawn <a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">field guns</a> became feasible. For example, in the British Army it allowed the heavy guns of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Garrison_Artillery" title="Royal Garrison Artillery">Royal Garrison Artillery</a> to be used flexibly on the battlefield. In England, starting in 1905, <a href="/wiki/David_Roberts_(engineer)" title="David Roberts (engineer)">David Roberts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hornsby_%26_Sons" title="Richard Hornsby & Sons">Richard Hornsby & Sons</a> had attempted to interest British military officials in a tracked vehicle, but failed. </p><p>Holt bought the patents related to the "chain track" <a href="/wiki/Track-type_tractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Track-type tractor">track-type tractor</a> from Richard Hornsby & Sons in 1914<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for £4,000. Unlike the Holt tractor, which had a steerable tiller wheel in front of the tracks, the Hornsby crawler was steered by controlling power to each track.<sup id="cite_ref-about_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When World War I broke out, with the problem of <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a> and the difficulty of transporting supplies to the front, the pulling power of <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">crawling-type</a> tractors drew the attention of the military. With tanks coming onto the scene, however, the combination of tracks and wheels seemed impractical when fully tracked or six-wheel, four-wheel drive vehicles were available. </p><p>The half-track saw a comeback in the 1930s, with development occurring in several countries that would use them in World War II. The White Motor Company, which had designed armored cars for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marines">United States Marines</a>, continued after the First World War to develop armored cars and added tracks for the <a href="/wiki/M2_half-track_car" title="M2 half-track car">M2 half-track car</a> and <a href="/wiki/M3_half-track" title="M3 half-track">M3 half-track</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autochenille_and_autoneige"><i>Autochenille</i> and <i>autoneige</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Autochenille and autoneige"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were many civilian half-track experiments in the 1920s and 1930s. The <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroën</a> company sponsored several scientific expeditions crossing deserts in North Africa and Central Asia, using their <i>autochenilles</i>. After World War I, the US military wanted to develop a semi-tracked personnel carrier vehicle, so it looked at these civilian half-tracks. In the late 1920s the US Army purchased several Citroën-Kégresse vehicles for evaluation followed by a licence to produce them. This resulted in the Army Ordnance Department building a prototype in 1939. In September 1940 it went into production with the military M2 and M3 half-track versions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombardier_(PSF).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bombardier_%28PSF%29.jpg/220px-Bombardier_%28PSF%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bombardier_%28PSF%29.jpg/330px-Bombardier_%28PSF%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bombardier_%28PSF%29.jpg/440px-Bombardier_%28PSF%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Bombardier</figcaption></figure> <p>With the snow and ice of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> in mind, <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Armand_Bombardier" title="Joseph-Armand Bombardier">Joseph-Armand Bombardier</a> developed 7- and 12-passenger half-track <i>autoneiges</i> in the 1930s, starting what would become the <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Inc." title="Bombardier Inc.">Bombardier</a> industrial conglomerate. The Bombardier vehicle had tracks for propulsion in the rear and skis for steering in front. The skis could be replaced with wheels in the summer, but this was uncommon. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BA-30_armored_car.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/BA-30_armored_car.jpg/220px-BA-30_armored_car.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/BA-30_armored_car.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="159" /></a><figcaption>BA-30 armored car</figcaption></figure> <p>The Red Army also experimented with half-tracks, such as the <a href="/wiki/BA-30" title="BA-30">BA-30</a>, but found them expensive and unreliable. Although not a feature on American World War II vehicles, steering could be assisted by track braking, controlled by the steering wheel. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_half-track_use">World War II half-track use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II half-track use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9th_Armored_Division,_Engers,_Germany_03-27-45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/9th_Armored_Division%2C_Engers%2C_Germany_03-27-45.jpg/220px-9th_Armored_Division%2C_Engers%2C_Germany_03-27-45.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/9th_Armored_Division%2C_Engers%2C_Germany_03-27-45.jpg/330px-9th_Armored_Division%2C_Engers%2C_Germany_03-27-45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/9th_Armored_Division%2C_Engers%2C_Germany_03-27-45.jpg/440px-9th_Armored_Division%2C_Engers%2C_Germany_03-27-45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/9th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Armored Division (United States)">US 9th Armored Division</a> halftracks advance through <a href="/wiki/Engers" title="Engers">Engers</a>, Germany, March 27, 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>In the US, 43,000 halftracks were produced by three primary manufacturers, the largest being the <a href="/wiki/White_Motor_Company" title="White Motor Company">White Motor Company</a>, the original designer, with a total of 15,414 accepted by the War Department. The other manufacturers, <a href="/wiki/Autocar_Company" title="Autocar Company">Autocar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diamond_T" title="Diamond T">Diamond T</a>, built 12,168 and 12,421, respectively. These designs were produced under license in Canada, and were widely supplied under the <a href="/wiki/Lend_Lease" class="mw-redirect" title="Lend Lease">Lend Lease</a> program, with 5,000 supplied to the USSR alone.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage.jpg/220px-Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage.jpg/330px-Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage.jpg/440px-Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>M16 .50 AA Quad on an <a href="/wiki/M3_half-track" title="M3 half-track">M3 half-track</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The fourth manufacturer of American-made half-tracks was the International Motor Truck Corporation division of <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a>. IH built approximately 12,853 half-tracks, which were shipped to Europe for use by British and French troops. In 1942, they produced 152 M5 units and 5 M14 units at the Springfield Works; in 1943 they produced 2,026 M9 units, 1,407 M0A1 units, 4,473 M5 units, 1,600 M14 units, and 400 M17 units, all at the Springfield Works; in 1944 they produced 1,100 M5A1 units and 1,100 M17 units also at the Springfield Works; and in 1945 they built 589 M5A1 and 1 M5A3 units at Springfield Works. The IHC half-tracks differed visibly from the White, Diamond T, and AutoCar units in several ways. The IHC units had flat front fenders instead of fenders with compound curves; used the International Red Diamond 450 engines instead of the Hercules 160AX engines used by the other manufacturers; used IHC Model 1856 4-speed transmissions instead of the Spicer 4-speed transmissions used by the other manufacturers; had IHC Model FOK-1370 front drive axles instead of the Timken front axles used by their competitors; used IHC Model RHT-1590 axles in the rear instead of the Timken axles used by their competitors; and were constructed with fully welded armor with rounded rear corners instead of the bolted armor with square corners used by the other three manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowds_of_French_patriots_line_the_Champs_Elysees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Crowds_of_French_patriots_line_the_Champs_Elysees.jpg/220px-Crowds_of_French_patriots_line_the_Champs_Elysees.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Crowds_of_French_patriots_line_the_Champs_Elysees.jpg/330px-Crowds_of_French_patriots_line_the_Champs_Elysees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Crowds_of_French_patriots_line_the_Champs_Elysees.jpg/440px-Crowds_of_French_patriots_line_the_Champs_Elysees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7282" data-file-height="5704" /></a><figcaption>Allied victory parade August 23, 1944, with IH Half-Tracks</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1944, Allied forces <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">liberated Paris</a>. The first vehicle to enter the city was an M3 named "España Cañí" and driven by Spanish soldiers fighting under the French tricolor. There followed several days of parades in late August. One parade of 25 August 1944 was down the <a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> leading throngs of Parisians, and French soldiers driving IH half-tracks. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-801-0664-37,_Berlin,_Unter_den_Linden,_Sch%C3%BCtzenpanzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-801-0664-37%2C_Berlin%2C_Unter_den_Linden%2C_Sch%C3%BCtzenpanzer.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-801-0664-37%2C_Berlin%2C_Unter_den_Linden%2C_Sch%C3%BCtzenpanzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-801-0664-37%2C_Berlin%2C_Unter_den_Linden%2C_Sch%C3%BCtzenpanzer.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-801-0664-37%2C_Berlin%2C_Unter_den_Linden%2C_Sch%C3%BCtzenpanzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-801-0664-37%2C_Berlin%2C_Unter_den_Linden%2C_Sch%C3%BCtzenpanzer.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-801-0664-37%2C_Berlin%2C_Unter_den_Linden%2C_Sch%C3%BCtzenpanzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>A German <i>Schützenpanzer</i> <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._251" title="Sd.Kfz. 251">Sd.Kfz. 251</a> half-track. Photograph taken in 1942 in Berlin</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infantry_transporters">Infantry transporters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Infantry transporters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Half-tracks were used extensively in World War II, especially by the Germans with their armored <a href="/wiki/Demag" title="Demag">Demag</a>-designed <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._250" title="Sd.Kfz. 250">Sd.Kfz. 250s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanomag" title="Hanomag">Hanomag</a>-designed <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._251" title="Sd.Kfz. 251">Sd.Kfz. 251s</a>; and by the Americans with their <a href="/wiki/M2_Half_Track_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Half Track Car">M2s</a> and <a href="/wiki/M3_Half-track" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 Half-track">M3s</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Support_weapon_platforms">Support weapon platforms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Support weapon platforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Half-tracks were widely used as <a href="/wiki/Mortar_carrier" title="Mortar carrier">mortar carriers</a>, self-propelled <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft">anti-aircraft guns</a>, self-propelled <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank">anti-tank guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armored_fighting_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored fighting vehicle">armored fighting vehicles</a> and in other tasks. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-665-6823-11,_Russland,_Flak_auf_Halbkettenfahrzeug_im_Erdeinsatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-665-6823-11%2C_Russland%2C_Flak_auf_Halbkettenfahrzeug_im_Erdeinsatz.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-665-6823-11%2C_Russland%2C_Flak_auf_Halbkettenfahrzeug_im_Erdeinsatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-665-6823-11%2C_Russland%2C_Flak_auf_Halbkettenfahrzeug_im_Erdeinsatz.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-665-6823-11%2C_Russland%2C_Flak_auf_Halbkettenfahrzeug_im_Erdeinsatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-665-6823-11%2C_Russland%2C_Flak_auf_Halbkettenfahrzeug_im_Erdeinsatz.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-665-6823-11%2C_Russland%2C_Flak_auf_Halbkettenfahrzeug_im_Erdeinsatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>A German <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._10#Sd.Kfz._10.2F4_and_10.2F5" title="Sd.Kfz. 10">Sd.Kfz. 10/4 or 10/5</a> with <i>Behelfspanzerung</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Utility_and_tractor_half-tracks">Utility and tractor half-tracks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Utility and tractor half-tracks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NSU_Kettenkrad_36PS_1944_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NSU_Kettenkrad_36PS_1944_1.JPG/220px-NSU_Kettenkrad_36PS_1944_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NSU_Kettenkrad_36PS_1944_1.JPG/330px-NSU_Kettenkrad_36PS_1944_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NSU_Kettenkrad_36PS_1944_1.JPG/440px-NSU_Kettenkrad_36PS_1944_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A small <a href="/wiki/Kettenkrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kettenkrad">Sd.Kfz. 2</a>, with the characteristic <i>Schachtellaufwerk</i> overlapped/interleaved roadwheels</figcaption></figure> <p>The Germans used a small 2 seater 1/2-ton class half-track "motorcycle", the <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._2" title="Sd.Kfz. 2">Sd.Kfz. 2</a> (better known as the <i>Kleines Kettenkraftrad</i> HK 101 or <i>Kettenkrad</i> for short – <i>Ketten</i> meaning tracks, and <i>krad</i> being the military abbreviation of the German word <i>Kraftrad</i>, the administrative German term for motorcycle), to pull small artillery guns, for ammunition haulage, general transport and as a ground towing vehicle for the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">Messerschmitt Me 262</a> jet fighter. Built by <a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="NSU Motorenwerke AG">NSU Motorenwerke AG</a> <a href="/wiki/Neckarsulm" title="Neckarsulm">Neckarsulm</a> and <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoewer" class="extiw" title="de:Stoewer">Stoewer Werke</a> <a href="/wiki/Stettin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stettin">Stettin</a>, a total of 8,345 vehicles were produced between 1940 and 1944. </p><p>Other Wehrmacht models were: </p> <ul><li>1-ton class, <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._10" title="Sd.Kfz. 10">Sd.Kfz. 10</a> produced by Demag, Berlin; Adler, Frankfurt am Main; Büssing-NAG, Brunswick; Phänomen, Cottbus and Saurer, Vienna, a total of 25,000 vehicles - its drivetrain was used for the <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._250" title="Sd.Kfz. 250">Sd.Kfz. 250</a></li> <li>3-ton class, <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._11" title="Sd.Kfz. 11">Sd.Kfz. 11</a> produced by Hanomag, Adler, Auto-Union and Skoda from 1938 to 1944, a total of 25,000 vehicles - its drivetrain was used for the <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._251" title="Sd.Kfz. 251">Sd.Kfz. 251</a></li> <li>5-ton class. <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._6" title="Sd.Kfz. 6">Sd.Kfz. 6</a>, manufactured by Büssing-NAG, Berlin-Oberschönweide; Daimler-Benz and Praga (Czechoslovakia), about 3,500 vehicles in total</li> <li>8-ton class. <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._7" title="Sd.Kfz. 7">Sd.Kfz. 7</a>, production was of about 12,000 vehicles</li> <li>12-ton class. <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._8" title="Sd.Kfz. 8">Sd.Kfz. 8</a>, some 4,000 vehicles were produced by five manufacturers</li> <li>18-ton class. <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._9" title="Sd.Kfz. 9">Sd.Kfz. 9</a>, a production of only 2,000 vehicles</li></ul> <p>Larger German half-track tractors were used to tow anti-tank and field artillery pieces. The largest of these were also used by mechanical engineers to retrieve bogged down vehicles or perform repairs such as engine maintenance. <a href="/wiki/Maultier" title="Maultier">Maultier</a> half-tracks used to transport supplies to forward units were essentially civilian trucks which had had their rear axles replaced by <a href="/wiki/Panzer_I" title="Panzer I">Panzer I</a> or <a href="/wiki/Panzer_II" title="Panzer II">Panzer II</a> running gear. A replacement half-track design introduced later in World War II, the 1943-introduced <i><a href="/wiki/Schwerer_Wehrmachtschlepper" title="Schwerer Wehrmachtschlepper">Schwerer Wehrmachtschlepper</a></i>, was meant to replace the 3-tonne and 5-tonne capacity models – only some 825 examples were built before the war's end. </p><p>A common feature of virtually all German World War II half-tracks was the so-called <i>Schachtellaufwerk</i> overlapped/interleaved roadwheel arrangement with a "slack track" system possessing no return rollers under the return run of track, used from the small <i>Kettenkrad</i> to the nine-tonne capacity <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._9" title="Sd.Kfz. 9">Sd.Kfz. 9</a> vehicle, and most famously used on Henschel's <a href="/wiki/Tiger_I" title="Tiger I">Tiger I</a> and MAN's <a href="/wiki/Panther_tank" title="Panther tank">Panther</a> main battle tanks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War_use">Cold War use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cold War use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Half-tracks were extensively used after World War II until the late 1960s, mostly in form of surplus World War II vehicles. Half-tracks saw combat in the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a>; in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts</a>; and the early wars of the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>. </p><p>Half-tracks continued in use by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Army">Israeli Army</a> where they were deemed to outperform fully tracked and fully wheeled vehicles for non-combat payload tasks such as carrying telecommunications equipment. As of March 2008, 600 half-tracks were still officially listed as on active duty.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 217.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M3-Halftrack-with-20mm-cannon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Israeli modified M3 Half-track, armed with 20 mm cannon"><img alt="Israeli modified M3 Half-track, armed with 20 mm cannon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/M3-Halftrack-with-20mm-cannon.jpg/323px-M3-Halftrack-with-20mm-cannon.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/M3-Halftrack-with-20mm-cannon.jpg/485px-M3-Halftrack-with-20mm-cannon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/M3-Halftrack-with-20mm-cannon.jpg/646px-M3-Halftrack-with-20mm-cannon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Israeli modified M3 Half-track, armed with 20 mm cannon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SdKfz11-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German Sd.Kfz. 11 half-track"><img alt="German Sd.Kfz. 11 half-track" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/SdKfz11-2.jpg/405px-SdKfz11-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/SdKfz11-2.jpg/608px-SdKfz11-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/SdKfz11-2.jpg/810px-SdKfz11-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._11" title="Sd.Kfz. 11">Sd.Kfz. 11</a> half-track</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civilian_use">Civilian use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Civilian use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halftrack_Cromer_Mai_1993.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Halftrack_Cromer_Mai_1993.JPG/220px-Halftrack_Cromer_Mai_1993.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Halftrack_Cromer_Mai_1993.JPG/330px-Halftrack_Cromer_Mai_1993.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Halftrack_Cromer_Mai_1993.JPG/440px-Halftrack_Cromer_Mai_1993.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="1253" /></a><figcaption>Half-track in use in Norfolk, UK in 1993</figcaption></figure> <p>Many Second World War half-tracks were sold off to civilian users either as surplus stock or later due to obsolescence when the fully tracked <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armoured personnel carrier</a> was introduced into service. Most were used in engineering-related tasks involving terrain that would be difficult for even <a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">four-wheel drive</a> trucks, such as snow, sand and water-logged soil. Many were significantly modified for their new roles, including being fitted with winches, small cranes, and generators after the rear cabin sides were removed. </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> half-tracks were used as all-terrain <a href="/wiki/Fire_department" title="Fire department">fire department</a> pumpers or tankers. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linn_tractor_1916_right.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First Linn tractor, 1916"><img alt="First Linn tractor, 1916" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Linn_tractor_1916_right.jpg/399px-Linn_tractor_1916_right.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Linn_tractor_1916_right.jpg/599px-Linn_tractor_1916_right.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Linn_tractor_1916_right.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First <a href="/wiki/Linn_tractor" title="Linn tractor">Linn tractor</a>, 1916</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CarrierMGArmoured30cwtBurford-Kegresse_3-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="British semi-tracked armoured personnel carrier Kégresse track 30cwt."><img alt="British semi-tracked armoured personnel carrier Kégresse track 30cwt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CarrierMGArmoured30cwtBurford-Kegresse_3-4.jpg/207px-CarrierMGArmoured30cwtBurford-Kegresse_3-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CarrierMGArmoured30cwtBurford-Kegresse_3-4.jpg/310px-CarrierMGArmoured30cwtBurford-Kegresse_3-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CarrierMGArmoured30cwtBurford-Kegresse_3-4.jpg/414px-CarrierMGArmoured30cwtBurford-Kegresse_3-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="522" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> British semi-tracked armoured personnel carrier <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9gresse_track" title="Kégresse track">Kégresse track</a> 30cwt.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M9-A1_Halftrack_IHC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Preserved M9 Half-track."><img alt="Preserved M9 Half-track." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/M9-A1_Halftrack_IHC.jpg/271px-M9-A1_Halftrack_IHC.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/M9-A1_Halftrack_IHC.jpg/406px-M9-A1_Halftrack_IHC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/M9-A1_Halftrack_IHC.jpg/541px-M9-A1_Halftrack_IHC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Preserved <a href="/wiki/M9_Half-track" class="mw-redirect" title="M9 Half-track">M9 Half-track</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M3_Half_Track,_Thunder_Over_Michigan_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M3 Half Track, Thunder Over Michigan."><img alt="M3 Half Track, Thunder Over Michigan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/M3_Half_Track%2C_Thunder_Over_Michigan_2006.jpg/270px-M3_Half_Track%2C_Thunder_Over_Michigan_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/M3_Half_Track%2C_Thunder_Over_Michigan_2006.jpg/406px-M3_Half_Track%2C_Thunder_Over_Michigan_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/M3_Half_Track%2C_Thunder_Over_Michigan_2006.jpg/541px-M3_Half_Track%2C_Thunder_Over_Michigan_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M3 Half Track, Thunder Over Michigan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 153.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M3-Halftrack-with-Eyal-crane-latrun-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Israeli M3 halftrack with Eyal crane latrun"><img alt="Israeli M3 halftrack with Eyal crane latrun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M3-Halftrack-with-Eyal-crane-latrun-3.jpg/230px-M3-Halftrack-with-Eyal-crane-latrun-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M3-Halftrack-with-Eyal-crane-latrun-3.jpg/345px-M3-Halftrack-with-Eyal-crane-latrun-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M3-Halftrack-with-Eyal-crane-latrun-3.jpg/459px-M3-Halftrack-with-Eyal-crane-latrun-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="1858" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Israeli M3 halftrack with Eyal crane latrun</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M3-halftrack-ambulance-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M3 halftrack ambulance"><img alt="M3 halftrack ambulance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M3-halftrack-ambulance-1.jpg/234px-M3-halftrack-ambulance-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M3-halftrack-ambulance-1.jpg/351px-M3-halftrack-ambulance-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/M3-halftrack-ambulance-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="277" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M3 halftrack ambulance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M3_halftrack_bed_Wings_Over_Wine_Contry_2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="M3 halftrack with Browning M2 machine guns"><img alt="M3 halftrack with Browning M2 machine guns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/M3_halftrack_bed_Wings_Over_Wine_Contry_2007.JPG/135px-M3_halftrack_bed_Wings_Over_Wine_Contry_2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/M3_halftrack_bed_Wings_Over_Wine_Contry_2007.JPG/202px-M3_halftrack_bed_Wings_Over_Wine_Contry_2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/M3_halftrack_bed_Wings_Over_Wine_Contry_2007.JPG/270px-M3_halftrack_bed_Wings_Over_Wine_Contry_2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M3 halftrack with Browning M2 machine guns</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_halftrack_side_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German halftrack at Museum of the American GIs"><img alt="German halftrack at Museum of the American GIs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/German_halftrack_side_b.jpg/293px-German_halftrack_side_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/German_halftrack_side_b.jpg/439px-German_halftrack_side_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/German_halftrack_side_b.jpg/586px-German_halftrack_side_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="727" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German halftrack at Museum of the American GIs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SdKfz251-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sd.Kfz. 251/9 "Stummel""><img alt="Sd.Kfz. 251/9 "Stummel"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/SdKfz251-9.jpg/270px-SdKfz251-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/SdKfz251-9.jpg/405px-SdKfz251-9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/SdKfz251-9.jpg/540px-SdKfz251-9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sd.Kfz. 251/9 <a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_KwK_37" title="7.5 cm KwK 37">"Stummel"</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-559-1085-07,_Italien,_Flugzeug_Me_323_Gigant,_Opel_%22Maultier%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Opel Maultier exiting a Me 323."><img alt="Opel Maultier exiting a Me 323." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-559-1085-07%2C_Italien%2C_Flugzeug_Me_323_Gigant%2C_Opel_%22Maultier%22.jpg/283px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-559-1085-07%2C_Italien%2C_Flugzeug_Me_323_Gigant%2C_Opel_%22Maultier%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-559-1085-07%2C_Italien%2C_Flugzeug_Me_323_Gigant%2C_Opel_%22Maultier%22.jpg/425px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-559-1085-07%2C_Italien%2C_Flugzeug_Me_323_Gigant%2C_Opel_%22Maultier%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-559-1085-07%2C_Italien%2C_Flugzeug_Me_323_Gigant%2C_Opel_%22Maultier%22.jpg/566px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-559-1085-07%2C_Italien%2C_Flugzeug_Me_323_Gigant%2C_Opel_%22Maultier%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="509" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Opel_Blitz" title="Opel Blitz">Opel</a> <a href="/wiki/Maultier" title="Maultier">Maultier</a> exiting a <a href="/wiki/Me_323" class="mw-redirect" title="Me 323">Me 323</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M5-Halftrack-latrun-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M5 Halftrack open top seating."><img alt="M5 Halftrack open top seating." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/M5-Halftrack-latrun-5.jpg/240px-M5-Halftrack-latrun-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/M5-Halftrack-latrun-5.jpg/360px-M5-Halftrack-latrun-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/M5-Halftrack-latrun-5.jpg/480px-M5-Halftrack-latrun-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M5 Halftrack open top seating.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SOMUA_MCG_Saumur_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SOMUA MCG on display at Musée des Blindés"><img alt="SOMUA MCG on display at Musée des Blindés" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/SOMUA_MCG_Saumur_01.jpg/240px-SOMUA_MCG_Saumur_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/SOMUA_MCG_Saumur_01.jpg/360px-SOMUA_MCG_Saumur_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/SOMUA_MCG_Saumur_01.jpg/480px-SOMUA_MCG_Saumur_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/SOMUA_MCG" title="SOMUA MCG">SOMUA MCG</a> on display at <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s" title="Musée des Blindés">Musée des Blindés</a></span></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sd.Kfz._9_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sd.Kfz. 9"><img alt="Sd.Kfz. 9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sd.Kfz._9_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg/270px-Sd.Kfz._9_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sd.Kfz._9_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg/405px-Sd.Kfz._9_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sd.Kfz._9_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg/540px-Sd.Kfz._9_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1706" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._9" title="Sd.Kfz. 9">Sd.Kfz. 9</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Svidnik_war_museum_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German Sd.Kfz. 250 halftrack."><img alt="German Sd.Kfz. 250 halftrack." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Svidnik_war_museum_02.jpg/240px-Svidnik_war_museum_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Svidnik_war_museum_02.jpg/360px-Svidnik_war_museum_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Svidnik_war_museum_02.jpg/480px-Svidnik_war_museum_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> German <a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._250" title="Sd.Kfz. 250">Sd.Kfz. 250</a> halftrack.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SdKfz_9_pulls_Crusader_tank_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sd.Kfz. 9 pulls tank"><img alt="Sd.Kfz. 9 pulls tank" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SdKfz_9_pulls_Crusader_tank_1942.jpg/253px-SdKfz_9_pulls_Crusader_tank_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SdKfz_9_pulls_Crusader_tank_1942.jpg/379px-SdKfz_9_pulls_Crusader_tank_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SdKfz_9_pulls_Crusader_tank_1942.jpg/505px-SdKfz_9_pulls_Crusader_tank_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="445" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._9" title="Sd.Kfz. 9">Sd.Kfz. 9</a> pulls tank</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 296px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 294px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SdKfz10-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sd.Kfz. 10/2"><img alt="Sd.Kfz. 10/2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SdKfz10-2.jpg/441px-SdKfz10-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="294" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/SdKfz10-2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="245" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._10" title="Sd.Kfz. 10">Sd.Kfz. 10</a>/2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-280-1058-16,_Russland,_Halbkettenfahrzeug_mit_Pak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sd.Kfz. 10"><img alt="Sd.Kfz. 10" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-280-1058-16%2C_Russland%2C_Halbkettenfahrzeug_mit_Pak.jpg/284px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-280-1058-16%2C_Russland%2C_Halbkettenfahrzeug_mit_Pak.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-280-1058-16%2C_Russland%2C_Halbkettenfahrzeug_mit_Pak.jpg/426px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-280-1058-16%2C_Russland%2C_Halbkettenfahrzeug_mit_Pak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-280-1058-16%2C_Russland%2C_Halbkettenfahrzeug_mit_Pak.jpg/568px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-280-1058-16%2C_Russland%2C_Halbkettenfahrzeug_mit_Pak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sd.Kfz. 10</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Type_1_Ho-Ha,_front_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Japanese Army Type 1 Ho-Ha"><img alt="Imperial Japanese Army Type 1 Ho-Ha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Type_1_Ho-Ha%2C_front_view.jpg/250px-Type_1_Ho-Ha%2C_front_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Type_1_Ho-Ha%2C_front_view.jpg/374px-Type_1_Ho-Ha%2C_front_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Type_1_Ho-Ha%2C_front_view.jpg/499px-Type_1_Ho-Ha%2C_front_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1302" data-file-height="940" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imperial Japanese Army <a href="/wiki/Type_1_Ho-Ha" title="Type 1 Ho-Ha">Type 1 Ho-Ha</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waldschlepper_RS_1500.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Civilian halftrack Waldschlepper as a forestry vehicle"><img alt="Civilian halftrack Waldschlepper as a forestry vehicle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Waldschlepper_RS_1500.jpg/216px-Waldschlepper_RS_1500.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Waldschlepper_RS_1500.jpg/324px-Waldschlepper_RS_1500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Waldschlepper_RS_1500.jpg/432px-Waldschlepper_RS_1500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2930" data-file-height="2440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Civilian halftrack <i>Waldschlepper</i> as a forestry vehicle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halftrack_glacier_crawler.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Halftrack glacier crawler at Höfn"><img alt="Halftrack glacier crawler at Höfn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Halftrack_glacier_crawler.jpg/240px-Halftrack_glacier_crawler.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Halftrack_glacier_crawler.jpg/360px-Halftrack_glacier_crawler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Halftrack_glacier_crawler.jpg/480px-Halftrack_glacier_crawler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Halftrack glacier crawler at <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fn" title="Höfn">Höfn</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armoured warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Carrier" title="Universal Carrier">Universal Carrier</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLore_A_Rogers_and_Caleb_W_Scribner" class="citation web cs1">Lore A Rogers and Caleb W Scribner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061005204934/http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5587.pdf">"Lombard Steam Log Hauler"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5587.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lombard+Steam+Log+Hauler&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft.au=Lore+A+Rogers+and+Caleb+W+Scribner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.asme.org%2FASMEORG%2FCommunities%2FHistory%2FLandmarks%2F5587.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalf-track" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2007" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, George (2007-02-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hornsbycrawler.org/">"Hornsby Steam Crawler"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hornsby+Steam+Crawler&rft.place=British+Columbia&rft.date=2007-02-21&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhornsbycrawler.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalf-track" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-about_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellis" class="citation web cs1">Bellis, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121208161805/http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventions/a/bulldozer.htm">"History of Bulldozers"</a>. About.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventions/a/bulldozer.htm">the original</a> on December 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Bulldozers&rft.pub=About.com&rft.aulast=Bellis&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finventors.about.com%2Fod%2Fbstartinventions%2Fa%2Fbulldozer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalf-track" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, Walter Scott, <i>Stalin's keys to victory: the rebirth of the Red Army</i>, p.156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crismon, Fredrerick W., "International Trucks" 1995; pp 173-174, 179, 181, 185, 186-188, 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080813024448/http://www.inss.org.il/upload/%28FILE%291206270841.pdf">"Israel Armed Forces"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inss.org.il/upload/(FILE)1206270841.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-08-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+Armed+Forces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inss.org.il%2Fupload%2F%28FILE%291206270841.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalf-track" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-track&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eagleservices.ca/sarva/halftrac.htm">WWII Half Track Armoured Command Vehicle restored To Its Original Wartime Condition in Edmonton, Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armored_personnel_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored personnel carrier">Armored personnel carrier</a> half-tracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M2_half-track_car" title="M2 half-track car">M2 half-track car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M3_half-track" title="M3 half-track">M3 half-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M5_half-track" title="M5 half-track">M5 half-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M9_half-track" title="M9 half-track">M9 half-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._6" title="Sd.Kfz. 6">Sd.Kfz. 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._250" title="Sd.Kfz. 250">Sd.Kfz. 250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._251" title="Sd.Kfz. 251">Sd.Kfz. 251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_1_Ho-Ha" title="Type 1 Ho-Ha">Type 1 Ho-Ha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">Self-propelled artillery</a> half-tracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M3_gun_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 gun motor carriage">M3 gun motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_half-track_car#Self-propelled_guns" title="M2 half-track car">M4 mortar motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M21_mortar_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="M21 mortar motor carriage">M21 mortar motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._4" title="Sd.Kfz. 4">Sd.Kfz. 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._7" title="Sd.Kfz. 7">Sd.Kfz. 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._250" title="Sd.Kfz. 250">Sd.Kfz. 250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._251" title="Sd.Kfz. 251">Sd.Kfz. 251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerer_Wehrmachtschlepper" title="Schwerer Wehrmachtschlepper">Schwerer Wehrmachtschlepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T48_gun_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="T48 gun motor carriage">T48 gun motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T19_howitzer_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="T19 howitzer motor carriage">T19 howitzer motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T30_howitzer_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="T30 howitzer motor carriage">T30 howitzer motor carriage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon">Anti-aircraft</a> half-tracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M13_multiple_gun_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="M13 multiple gun motor carriage">M13 multiple gun motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M13_multiple_gun_motor_carriage#Derivatives" class="mw-redirect" title="M13 multiple gun motor carriage">M14 multiple gun motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M15_half-track" title="M15 half-track">M15 combination gun motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M16_multiple_gun_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="M16 multiple gun motor carriage">M16 multiple gun motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M16_multiple_gun_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="M16 multiple gun motor carriage">M17 multiple gun motor carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_98_20_mm_AA_half-track_vehicle" title="Type 98 20 mm AA half-track vehicle">Type 98 20 mm AA half-track vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tractor_unit" title="Tractor unit">Tractor unit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FN-K%C3%A9gresse_3T" title="FN-Kégresse 3T">FN-Kégresse 3T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P107" title="P107">P107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerer_Wehrmachtschlepper" title="Schwerer Wehrmachtschlepper">Schwerer Wehrmachtschlepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._4" title="Sd.Kfz. 4">Sd.Kfz. 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._7" title="Sd.Kfz. 7">Sd.Kfz. 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._8" title="Sd.Kfz. 8">Sd.Kfz. 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._9" title="Sd.Kfz. 9">Sd.Kfz. 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._10" title="Sd.Kfz. 10">Sd.Kfz. 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._11" title="Sd.Kfz. 11">Sd.Kfz. 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._250" title="Sd.Kfz. 250">Sd.Kfz. 250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._251" title="Sd.Kfz. 251">Sd.Kfz. 251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOMUA_MCG" title="SOMUA MCG">SOMUA MCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_98_Ko-Hi" title="Type 98 Ko-Hi">Type 98 Ko-Hi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Light half-tracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._2" title="Sd.Kfz. 2">Sd.Kfz. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._252" title="Sd.Kfz. 252">Sd.Kfz. 252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._253" title="Sd.Kfz. 253">Sd.Kfz. 253</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Half-tracked armored cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BA-30" title="BA-30">BA-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC_Schneider_P_16" title="AMC Schneider P 16">AMC Schneider P 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoch%C3%B3d_pancerny_wz._28" title="Samochód pancerny wz. 28">Samochód pancerny wz. 28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Half-track&oldid=1258465545">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Half-track&oldid=1258465545</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Half-tracks" title="Category:Half-tracks">Half-tracks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tracked_vehicles" title="Category:Tracked vehicles">Tracked vehicles</a></li><li><a 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