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<span>Flight Surgeon ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_Surgeon_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilot-Physicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilot-Physicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pilot-Physicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilot-Physicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Aircraft observer" redirects here. For an aircrew member whose duties are predominantly reconnaissance, see <a href="/wiki/Air_observer" title="Air observer">Air observer</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_Command_Pilot_Wings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/USAF_Command_Pilot_Wings.svg/300px-USAF_Command_Pilot_Wings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/USAF_Command_Pilot_Wings.svg/450px-USAF_Command_Pilot_Wings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/USAF_Command_Pilot_Wings.svg/600px-USAF_Command_Pilot_Wings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>USAF Command Pilot wings</figcaption></figure> <p><b>U.S. Air Force aeronautical ratings</b> are military aviation skill standards established and awarded by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> for commissioned officers participating in "regular and frequent flight",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> either aerially or in space, in performance of their duties. <a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">USAF aeronautical badges</a>, commonly referred to as "wings" from their shape and their historical legacy, are awarded by the Air Force in recognition of degrees of achievement and experience. Officers earning these badges and maintaining their requirements are classified as <b>rated officers</b> and receive additional pay and allowances. </p><p>The first U.S. military aviator ratings were awarded in 1912, and the issuance of badges for recognition of the award began in 1913. The division of ratings into multiple skill levels and categories began in 1914 and expanded during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. With minor variations in numbers and titles of ratings, the system remained largely unchanged until 1940, when the current system of pilot ratings was introduced. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, as many as 19 aeronautical ratings were recognized and awarded by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a>, but most were discontinued after the war when the USAF came into being. </p><p>USAF ratings gradually expanded until seven categories and 21 ratings exist currently. The most recent change added the <i>RPA (<a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Remotely Piloted Aircraft</a>) Pilot</i> rating, effective 13 December 2010. Although in much smaller numbers, enlisted personnel were historically eligible to be rated until 1949. Since the later 1950s, highly trained enlisted personnel, along with officers whose duties do not include flying, are recognized by the awarding of <a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force#Occupational_Badges" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">Air Force Occupational Badges</a>. In 2016, the Air Force opened RPA pilot positions to enlisted personnel, making them the first enlisted pilots since 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For all categories of aeronautical ratings, to be eligible for the rating and to wear the appropriate badge, an officer must be medically qualified to fly and also be qualified by flying status proficiency. Certified flight officers who develop medical conditions that disqualify them from flying are classified DNIF (Duties Not Including Flying). DNIF may be temporary or permanent. Officers placed on permanent DNIF status are either cross-trained into another career field, or separated from the Air Force, depending on the severity of their medical condition. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronaut</a> "qualifier" is awarded only by the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Chief_of_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Chief of Staff">Air Force Chief of Staff</a> for rated officers formally qualified to perform duties at least 50 miles above the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">earth</a>'s surface and who have participated in at least one operational mission, and has a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronaut Badge">Astronaut Badge</a>, consisting of a "shooting star" qualifier device superimposed on their rated badge.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The seven categories of aeronautical ratings, as authorized by <a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10, U.S.C. 8691</a>, are:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Pilot</b>: awarded by the Commander or delegated <a href="/wiki/Wing_(air_force_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing (air force unit)">wing</a> commanders, <a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">Air Education and Training Command</a> (AETC)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">Navigator</a></b>: awarded by the Commander or delegated wing commanders, AETC<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Combat_Systems_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Systems Officer">Combat System Officer</a> (CSO)</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-cso_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> awarded by the Commander or delegated wing commanders, AETC<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Air_Battle_Manager" title="Air Battle Manager">Air Battle Manager</a> (ABM)</b>: awarded by the Commander or delegated air control wing commanders, AETC<sup id="cite_ref-abm99_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abm99-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>RPA Pilot</b>: awarded by the Commander or delegated wing commanders, <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Commander, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">Air Force Reserve Command</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Observer</b>: awarded by the Senior Air Force Officer, <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>. Badge is identical to that worn by USAF Navigators and CSOs. In current practice, is awarded with the Astronaut distinguishing insignia to those USAF officer astronauts who are not previously rated USAF Pilots or USAF Navigators/CSOs. Although identical to the badge worn by Navigators and CSOs, recipients are not graduates of USAF Navigator or CSO training.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Flight_Surgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Surgeon">Flight Surgeon</a></b>: awarded by the Commander, <a href="/wiki/USAF_School_of_Aerospace_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF School of Aerospace Medicine">USAF School of Aerospace Medicine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_of_the_USAF_ratings_system">Evolution of the USAF ratings system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolution of the USAF ratings system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_of_the_Air_Force_Hap_Arnold.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/General_of_the_Air_Force_Hap_Arnold.png/180px-General_of_the_Air_Force_Hap_Arnold.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/General_of_the_Air_Force_Hap_Arnold.png/270px-General_of_the_Air_Force_Hap_Arnold.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/General_of_the_Air_Force_Hap_Arnold.png/360px-General_of_the_Air_Force_Hap_Arnold.png 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>Gen. H.H. Arnold, wearing both <i>Command Pilot</i> and 1913 <i>Military Aviator</i> badges</figcaption></figure> <p>From the Aviation Act (40 Stat. 243), 24 July 1917: </p> <blockquote><p>That officers detailed in or attached to the aviation section of the signal corps may, when qualified therefore, be <i><b>rated</b></i> as junior military aviator, military aviator, junior military aeronaut, and military aeronaut ... Provided further, that any officer attached to the aviation section of the signal corps for any military duty requiring him to make <i><b>regular and frequent flights</b></i> shall receive an increase of 25 per centum of the pay of his grade and length of service under his commission.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_ratings">Civil ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Civil ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aeronautical ratings were established on 23 February 1912, by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War Department</a> Bulletin No. 6, as a new measurement of pilot skill.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before that time most pilots of the <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Division,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps">Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps</a> soloed by the "short hop method" (also known as "grass-cutting"), in which student pilots, flying alone, learned to handle airplane controls on the ground, taxied in further practice until just short of takeoff speeds, and finally took off to a height of just ten feet, gradually working up to higher altitudes and turns. The practice resulted in the first pilot death only a month into training. At least three of these pilots had been previously instructed by <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Curtiss" title="Glenn Curtiss">Glenn Curtiss</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Field" title="Rockwell Field">North Island field</a>, California. Concurrently, two pilots (future <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Air_Force" title="General of the Air Force">General of the Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">Henry H. Arnold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_DeWitt_Milling" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas DeWitt Milling">Thomas DeWitt Milling</a>) were instructed by the <a href="/wiki/Wright_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright Brothers">Wright Brothers</a> and certified by the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale" title="Fédération Aéronautique Internationale">Fédération Aéronautique Internationale</a> (FAI) in July 1911. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_Aviator">Military Aviator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military Aviator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To establish formal standards of certification, the Army created the <i>Military Aviator</i> rating and published requirements on 20 April 1912. The first rating was awarded to Henry H. Arnold on 5 July 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first rating requirements were: </p> <ul><li>Attain an altitude of at least 2,500 feet;</li> <li>Pilot an aircraft for at least five minutes in a wind of 15 m.p.h. velocity or greater;</li> <li>Carry a passenger to an altitude of 500 feet, with a combined weight of pilot and passenger of 250 pounds or more, and make a <a href="/wiki/Deadstick_landing" title="Deadstick landing">deadstick landing</a> to within 150 feet of a designated point; and</li> <li>Make a military reconnaissance flight of at least 20 miles cross-country at an average altitude of 1,500 feet.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_-_Aviator_Wings_-_1913.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/USA_-_Aviator_Wings_-_1913.png/125px-USA_-_Aviator_Wings_-_1913.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/USA_-_Aviator_Wings_-_1913.png/188px-USA_-_Aviator_Wings_-_1913.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/USA_-_Aviator_Wings_-_1913.png/250px-USA_-_Aviator_Wings_-_1913.png 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption><i>Military Aviator</i> badge, 1913</figcaption></figure> <p>War Department General Order No. 39, dated 27 May 1913, certified 24 officers including Arnold as "qualified", and authorized issuance of a certificate and badge. A number of designs for the badge were considered before the War Department chose that of an eagle holding Signal Corps flags in its talons, suspended from a bar embossed with "Military Aviator", and had the dies manufactured. A group of 14 aviators still detailed to the Signal Corps was recommended on 29 September 1913 to receive the badge, and the two gold <a href="/wiki/Proof_coinage" title="Proof coinage">proofs</a> were issued 16 October 1913, to Captain <a href="/wiki/Charles_deForest_Chandler" title="Charles deForest Chandler">Charles DeF. Chandler</a> and Lt. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Milling" title="Thomas D. Milling">Thomas D. Milling</a>, both of whom had also received the first ratings with Arnold on 5 July 1912. All 24 officers certified by G.O. 39, or their survivors,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were eventually issued the badge.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two levels of qualification were specified in War Department Bulletin No. 35 on 4 May 1914, with aviators below the rank of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">captain</a> to be rated as <i>Junior Military Aviator</i> and those captain and above to be rated as <i>Military Aviator</i>. Similar ratings were created for the <a href="/wiki/Observation_balloon" title="Observation balloon">lighter-than-air branch of aviation</a>, termed <i>Military Aeronaut</i>. On 18 July 1914, Congress established the <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Section,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps">Aviation Section, Signal Corps</a>, incorporating, expanding and superseding the Aeronautical Division, and established in law both flight pay ( called the "aviation increase") and the awarding of ratings. The Act of 1914 authorized an aviation increase of 25% in pay to student pilots, 50% to those rated JMA, and 75% to those rated MA. Rated lieutenants who flew "regularly and frequently" were given the temporary rank, pay, and allowances of the next higher grade.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because a provision also required three years' experience as a JMA in order to become eligible to be rated MA, all remaining Military Aviators had their ratings changed to JMA. None re-acquired the rating (and its "aviation increase") before July 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-rd14_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rd14-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Act_of_1916" title="National Defense Act of 1916">National Defense Act of 1916</a> eliminated pilot age and rank eligibility restrictions and allowed captains to also draw the temporary rank, pay, and allowances of the next higher grade if required to participate in regular and frequent flight.<sup id="cite_ref-m46_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m46-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I_and_Air_Service_revisions">World War I and Air Service revisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War I and Air Service revisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_-_Aviator_Wings_WWI_era.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/USA_-_Aviator_Wings_WWI_era.png/220px-USA_-_Aviator_Wings_WWI_era.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/USA_-_Aviator_Wings_WWI_era.png/330px-USA_-_Aviator_Wings_WWI_era.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/USA_-_Aviator_Wings_WWI_era.png/440px-USA_-_Aviator_Wings_WWI_era.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="196" /></a><figcaption><i>Junior Military Aviator</i> badge, 1917–1919. Initially badges were embroidered and <i>Junior Military Aviator</i> and <i>Reserve Military Aviator</i> badges had only one wing to the wearer's left. The Air Service members of the <a href="/wiki/Raynal_Bolling" title="Raynal Bolling">Bolling Mission</a> encountered credibility problems from wearing their single-winged JMA/RMA badges in Europe, where the design signified "observer" status for the wearer rather than "pilot." Largely through their efforts, the regulation was changed on 27 October 1917 and a two-wing badge was authorized for JMA and RMA as well as the Military Aviator rating, which was denoted by having a star added.<sup id="cite_ref-tww_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tww-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Military Aviator badge was superseded on 15 August 1917 by authorization of a new embroidered "wings" badge,<sup id="cite_ref-tww_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tww-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first sketches of which are attributed to Arnold. A new rating, <i>Reserve Military Aviator</i>, was authorized on 3 June 1917 to rate pilots during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, with all ranks and grades being temporary.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aviation Act of 24 July 1917 authorized those holding a pre-war JMA rating to advance to MA rating by the three-year rule, and along with RMA holders, by "distinguished service."<sup id="cite_ref-rd14_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rd14-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m46_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m46-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A wartime <i>Reserve Military Aeronaut</i> rating for balloon pilots was also created,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as was a rating of <i><a href="/wiki/Observer_Badge" title="Observer Badge">Observer</a></i> for both airplanes and balloons, bringing the total number of aeronautical ratings to seven.<sup id="cite_ref-m46_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m46-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the creation by executive order in 1918 of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">Army Air Service</a>, a standard wings-and-shield design for the rating badge, still in use today, was created by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Adams_(sculptor)" title="Herbert Adams (sculptor)">Herbert S. Adams</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_of_Fine_Arts" title="United States Commission of Fine Arts">United States Commission of Fine Arts</a> and approved on 25 January 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-tww_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tww-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r12_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Army regulations regarding ratings underwent a major revision by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service#Heads_of_the_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">Director of Air Service</a> on 16 October 1919, when the RMA rating was officially changed to <i>Airplane Pilot</i> (although usage of the RMA terminology continued until 1920), all observers were termed <i>Aerial Observer</i>, and new ratings of <i>Enlisted Pilot</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Airship Pilot</i>, <i>Aerial Gunner</i>, and <i>Aerial Bomber</i> were created. Among the new ratings, a 50% aviation increase was authorized for the enlisted pilot and 25% for all the others. The new ratings, however, proved to be only a demobilization expedient and lasted less than nine months.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, when the Air Service was made a statutory arm of the line, the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Act_of_1920" title="National Defense Act of 1920">National Defense Act of 1920</a> also ended the differentials in flight pay and standardized it at 50%. The policy of awarding rated officers a temporary advancement in grade was also terminated. To qualify for command of a unit, an officer was required by law to be rated. The existing ratings were reduced to four on 10 August 1920,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> combining the ratings of Reserve Military Aviator/Airplane Pilot, Junior Military Aviator, and Military Aviator into the rating of <i>Airplane Pilot</i> and Military Aeronaut and Balloon Observer into the rating of <i>Balloon Observer</i>, renaming the rating of Aerial Observer as <i>Airplane Observer</i>, and continuing the rating of <i><a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">Airship</a> Pilot</i>. All those already holding the old ratings qualified automatically for the new.<sup id="cite_ref-asrate_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asrate-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m47_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m47-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921 the Air Service authorized the wearing of 3.125-inch ratings badges made of oxidized silver in lieu of embroidered badges.<sup id="cite_ref-m46_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m46-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1921 the Air Service also revised its pilot training program, adopting the "A Plan", which divided pilot ratings between <i>Junior Airplane Pilot</i> (completion of primary training, normally an enlisted rating) and <i>Airplane Pilot</i> (completion of advanced training).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bulk of new pilots were acquired from the enlisted classification of "flying cadet", with achievement of a JAP rating making a cadet eligible for advanced pilot training and commissioning. However, some older Air Service officers without flying experience, but requiring a rating to remain in the Air Service, acquired a JAP rating, including Chief of Air Service Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Mason_Patrick" title="Mason Patrick">Mason Patrick</a>. </p><p>In 1924 the <i>Tenth Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</i>, submitted by President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> to the Congress, reported: </p> <blockquote><p>The Air Service has 845 officers with rating as airplane pilots, airplane observers, airship pilots, airship observers, or balloon observers. In addition about 51 enlisted men have the rating of airplane pilot, junior airplane pilot, or airship pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-naca_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naca-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Corps,_World_War_II,_Cold_War_and_Post-Cold_War_changes"><span id="Air_Corps.2C_World_War_II.2C_Cold_War_and_Post-Cold_War_changes"></span>Air Corps, World War II, Cold War and Post-Cold War changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Air Corps, World War II, Cold War and Post-Cold War changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1926, the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">Air Corps</a> discarded the A Plan in favor of the B Plan, which awarded only a single rating, Airplane Pilot, requiring completion of all phases of a year-long, three-school (Primary, Basic, and Advanced) flying training course.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Airship School closed in 1928 for economic reasons, ending all increases and replacements in airship ratings. The Air Corps Act of 1926 mandated that 90% of all Air Corps officers be rated, and that for reasons of economy, by 1929 at least 20% of tactical pilots had to be enlisted men. However, the latter requirement was so utterly impractical it was circumvented by the Air Corps with the tacit approval of the War Department. The Air Corps had only 38 rated enlisted men in 1930 (about 4% of all pilots), and nearly every enlisted graduate was being commissioned to decrease deficits in rated officers. Those remaining as enlisted men in the Regular Army held reserve officer commissions in the event of war.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936, Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Maxwell_Andrews" title="Frank Maxwell Andrews">Frank M. Andrews</a>, commanding the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps#GHQ_Air_Force" title="United States Army Air Corps">GHQ Air Force</a>, promulgated a policy requiring newly minted pilots to spend a year flying single-engined aircraft and accruing 750 logged flight hours as a prerequisite to becoming a bomber pilot. Seven years of military flying experience and 2,000 logged hours qualified a pilot as an "airplane commander" in the GHQAF. In 1937 the Army formalized the requirement, creating a new advanced rating of <i>Military Airplane Pilot</i>, setting 12 years as a rated pilot and 2,000 hours of flight time as the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rating of Airship Pilot was discontinued at the same time and that of Airship Observer incorporated into Balloon Observer, leaving the Air Corps with five ratings.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between November 1939 and March 1940 pilot ratings were revised to the permanent three-tier system with objective standards that exists today, with a total of eight ratings overall.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graduation from Advanced Flying School was required to be rated a <i>Pilot</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ten years service and 1,800 hours of military flight for <i>Senior Pilot</i> rating;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and either 15 years service with 3,000 hours, or 20 years service with 2,000 hours, to become a <i>Command Pilot</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For both advanced ratings, hours as a pilot or navigator (a specialization then performed only by rated pilots) were calculated at 100%, but military flight hours in any other capacity were calculated at a 50% rate.<sup id="cite_ref-r12_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m380_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m380-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Air Corps also divided the former Airplane Observer rating into that of <i>Combat Observer</i> and <i>Technical Observer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NavigatorBadge-old.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NavigatorBadge-old.jpg/220px-NavigatorBadge-old.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NavigatorBadge-old.jpg/330px-NavigatorBadge-old.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NavigatorBadge-old.jpg/440px-NavigatorBadge-old.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="173" /></a><figcaption><i>Navigator</i> wings, 1942–1951</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Navigator</i> was recognized by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> as a rating and authorized its own badge on 4 September 1942, one of a number of new wartime ratings that included <i><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Badge" title="Bombardier Badge">Bombardier</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Pilot_Badge" title="Auxiliary Pilot Badge"><i>Glider Pilot</i>, <i>Liaison Pilot</i> and <i>Service Pilot</i> ratings</a> (N.B.: these three ratings were typically awarded to soldiers on the basis of prior civilian flying experience, with a higher age limit and relaxed medical requirements for entry vs. the normal Pilot training pipeline; their duty assignments were limited in scope), and enlisted Aircrew ratings. Combat Observer was renamed <i>Aircraft Observer</i>. All of the wartime ratings except Navigator were discontinued by the USAF on 26 July 1949,<sup id="cite_ref-r12_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Navigator and Bombardier merged into a single Navigator rating and the badge design being changed in 1951 from that of an <a href="/wiki/Armillary_sphere" title="Armillary sphere">armillary sphere</a> flanked by wings to that of the USAF shield flanked by wings. At this time, a tiered system of ratings based on hours and years of service was also implemented with Senior Navigator and Master Navigator following the same precepts as Senior Pilot and Command Pilot. </p><p>Beginning in 2011, the rating of Navigator was retitled, replaced by the aeronautical rating of <a href="/wiki/Combat_Systems_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Systems Officer">Combat Systems Officer</a> (CSO), with the same badge insignia as Navigator. This title change was intended to place the CSO more in line with their <a href="/wiki/Naval_Flight_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Flight Officer">Naval Flight Officer</a> (NFO) counterparts of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a>, especially since the latter have historically enjoyed more robust operational flying command and major command opportunities, to include promotion to 3-star and 4-star rank. Although observer ratings were also discontinued by USAF in 1949, the <i>Observer</i> title was revived in 1981 when a rating was created for otherwise non-aeronautically rated USAF officers who completed <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Mission_specialist" title="Mission specialist">mission specialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a> training and subsequently flew in space. </p><p><i>Flight Surgeon</i>s were rated and received the "aviation increase" between 1918 and 1920. The rating was discontinued in 1920, however, and flight surgeons as a military profession were neglected by the headquarters of the successive Army air arms until late in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1940, the recommendations of a board of flight surgeons appointed by Gen. Arnold were adopted, standardizing ratings requirements as: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAAF_Flight_Surgeon_Wings.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/USAAF_Flight_Surgeon_Wings.png/220px-USAAF_Flight_Surgeon_Wings.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/USAAF_Flight_Surgeon_Wings.png/330px-USAAF_Flight_Surgeon_Wings.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/USAAF_Flight_Surgeon_Wings.png/440px-USAAF_Flight_Surgeon_Wings.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption><i>Flight Surgeon</i> wings, Army Air Forces</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>graduation from a Class A medical school,</li> <li>completion of a one-year rotational internship,</li> <li>completion of the <a href="/wiki/USAF_School_of_Aerospace_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF School of Aerospace Medicine">School of Aviation Medicine</a> course,</li> <li>one year's service in the AAF as an Aviation Medical Examiner, and</li> <li>50 hours of logged military flight.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The Flight Surgeon rating received its own distinctive gold badge on 3 March 1942, which was changed to the standard oxidized silver wings in 1944 to avoid confusion with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Naval Aviator">naval aviator</a> badges.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="USAF_rating_requirements">USAF rating requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: USAF rating requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pilot_ratings">Pilot ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pilot ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; float: left; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; width:25%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Aviator_Badge" title="United States Aviator Badge">Pilot Badge</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Force_Pilot_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/United_States_Air_Force_Pilot_Badge.svg/135px-United_States_Air_Force_Pilot_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/United_States_Air_Force_Pilot_Badge.svg/203px-United_States_Air_Force_Pilot_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/United_States_Air_Force_Pilot_Badge.svg/270px-United_States_Air_Force_Pilot_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="110" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The USAF awards pilot ratings at three levels: <i>Pilot</i>, <i>Senior Pilot</i>, and <i>Command Pilot</i>, to active duty officers and to officers considered as "rated assets" in the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Reserve">Air Force Reserve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a> (i.e., the <b>Air Reserve Components</b>). Rating standards apply equally to both <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed-wing">fixed-wing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> pilots. </p><p>The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF Pilot:<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Rating </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Basic requirement </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Flight time </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Alternative flight time </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Command Pilot</b></td> <td> <ul><li>15 years as rated pilot, and</li> <li>Permanent award of senior pilot rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>3,000 total hours, or</td> <td> <ul><li>2,300 hours primary and instructor flight, or</li> <li>144 months Operational Flying Duty (OFDA)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eeeeee;"> <td><b>Senior Pilot</b></td> <td> <ul><li>7 years as rated pilot, and</li> <li>Permanent award of pilot rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>2,000 total hours, or</td> <td>1,300 hours (any combination of primary, instructor, and/or evaluator pilot time) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pilot</b></td> <td> <ul><li>Graduate of USAF pilot training program, or</li> <li>Graduate of other US military pilot training if ordered by USAF, or</li> <li>Graduate of other US military pilot training if equivalent to USAF program, or</li> <li><i>Graduate of helicopter pilot training conducted by another US military service</i></li></ul> </td> <td>No time required</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RPA_Pilot_ratings">RPA Pilot ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: RPA Pilot ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; float:left; margin:0px 12px 12px 0px; width:25%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Aviator_Badge" title="United States Aviator Badge">RPA Pilot Badge</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Force_Unmanned_Aircraft_Operator_Badge.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/United_States_Air_Force_Unmanned_Aircraft_Operator_Badge.jpeg/135px-United_States_Air_Force_Unmanned_Aircraft_Operator_Badge.jpeg" decoding="async" width="135" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/United_States_Air_Force_Unmanned_Aircraft_Operator_Badge.jpeg/203px-United_States_Air_Force_Unmanned_Aircraft_Operator_Badge.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/United_States_Air_Force_Unmanned_Aircraft_Operator_Badge.jpeg/270px-United_States_Air_Force_Unmanned_Aircraft_Operator_Badge.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="202" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The USAF awards remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) pilot ratings at three levels: <i>RPA Pilot</i>, <i>Senior RPA Pilot</i>, and <i>Command RPA Pilot</i>, to active duty officers, to enlisted personnel,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to officers considered as "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. </p><p>The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF remotely piloted aircraft pilot: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background: #3399ff;"> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Rating </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Basic requirement </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Flight time </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Alternative flight time </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Command RPA Pilot</b></td> <td> <ul><li>15 years as rated RPA pilot, and</li> <li>Permanent award of senior RPA pilot rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>3,000 total hours, or</td> <td> <ul><li>2,300 hours primary and instructor flight, or</li> <li>144 months Operational Flying Duty (OFDA)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eeeeee;"> <td><b>Senior RPA Pilot</b></td> <td> <ul><li>7 years as rated RPA pilot, and</li> <li>Permanent award of RPA pilot rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>2,000 total hours, or</td> <td>1300 hours primary and instructor flight </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>RPA Pilot</b></td> <td> <ul><li>Graduate of USAF RPA operator training program, or</li> <li>Graduate of other US military pilot training if equivalent to USAF program</li></ul> </td> <td>No time required</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combat_System_Officer_ratings">Combat System Officer ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Combat System Officer ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; float: left; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; width:25%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Navigator_Badge" title="Navigator Badge">Combat System Officer badge</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg/135px-United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg/203px-United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg/270px-United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="110" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Combat System Officer (CSO)<sup id="cite_ref-cso_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rating is awarded to individuals who entered the CSO Undergraduate Flying Training after 1 October 2004. The USAF awards combat system officer ratings at three levels: <i>Combat System Officer</i>, <i>Senior Combat System Officer</i>, and <i>Master Combat System Officer</i>, for active duty officers and officers considered rated assets in the Air Reserve Components. The insignia is identical to USAF Navigator, but rated navigators who are not CSO rated are not eligible for award of advanced CSO ratings. The following additional criteria are required for rating as a USAF Combat System Officer: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Rating </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Basic requirement </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Flight time </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Alternative flight time </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Master Combat System Officer</b></td> <td> <ul><li>15 years as rated CSO, and</li> <li>Permanent award of senior CSO rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>3,000 total hours, or</td> <td> <ul><li>2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or</li> <li>144 months OFDA</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eeeeee;"> <td><b>Senior Combat System Officer</b></td> <td> <ul><li>7 years as rated CSO, and</li> <li>Permanent award of CSO rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>2,000 total hours, or</td> <td> <ul><li>1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or</li> <li>72 months OFDA</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Combat System Officer</b></td> <td> <ul><li>Graduate of Combat System Officer Undergraduate Flying Training</li></ul> </td> <td>No time required</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navigator_ratings">Navigator ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Navigator ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; float: left; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; width:25%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Navigator_Badge" title="Navigator Badge">Navigator Badge</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg/135px-United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg/203px-United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg/270px-United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="110" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The USAF awards navigator ratings at three levels: <i>Navigator</i>, <i>Senior Navigator</i>, and <i>Master Navigator</i>, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. After 2009 only Combat System Operators receive ratings formerly awarded to navigators, as the occupational field is being phased out. The following additional criteria are required for rating as a USAF Navigator: </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Rating </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Basic requirement </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Flight time </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Alternative flight time </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Master Navigator</b></td> <td> <ul><li>15 years as rated navigator, and</li> <li>Permanent award of senior navigator rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>3,000 total hours, or</td> <td> <ul><li>2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or</li> <li>144 months OFDA</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eeeeee;"> <td><b>Senior Navigator</b></td> <td> <ul><li>7 years as rated navigator</li> <li>Permanent award of navigator rating, or</li> <li>Interservice transfer to USAF (including Air Reserve Component) of any former USN or USMC Naval Flight Officer with 7 years and similar flight time totals as a designated NFO</li></ul> </td> <td>2,000 total hours</td> <td> <ul><li>1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or</li> <li>72 months OFDA</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Navigator</b></td> <td> <ul><li>Graduate of USAF Undergraduate Navigator Training (UNT) / USAF-USN Interservice Undergraduate Navigator Training (IUNT) / USAF-USN Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training (SUNT), or</li> <li>Graduate of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">USN/USMC</a> <a href="/wiki/Naval_Flight_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Flight Officer">Naval Flight Officer</a> course, VT-86 (RIO, TN or OJN training pipelines)</li> <li>Graduate of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">USN</a> <a href="/wiki/Naval_Flight_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Flight Officer">Naval Flight Officer</a> (NAV training pipeline) course at either: VT-29 (Advanced Navigation Training Course at NAS Corpus Christi); 323 FTW (Interservice Undergraduate Navigator Training (IUNT) at Mather AFB); or 12 FTW (Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training (SUNT) at Randolph AFB)</li></ul> </td> <td>400 hours primary navigator time</td> <td>None <p>Reviewed by Aeronautical Rating Board and approved by Major Command </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Battle_Manager_ratings">Air Battle Manager ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Air Battle Manager ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; float: left; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; width:30%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Air_Battle_Manager_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Battle Manager Badge">Air Battle Manager Badge</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_-_Occupational_Badge_-_Air_Battle_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/USAF_-_Occupational_Badge_-_Air_Battle_Manager.svg/135px-USAF_-_Occupational_Badge_-_Air_Battle_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/USAF_-_Occupational_Badge_-_Air_Battle_Manager.svg/203px-USAF_-_Occupational_Badge_-_Air_Battle_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/USAF_-_Occupational_Badge_-_Air_Battle_Manager.svg/270px-USAF_-_Occupational_Badge_-_Air_Battle_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The USAF awards <a href="/wiki/Air_Battle_Manager" title="Air Battle Manager">Air Battle Manager</a> ratings at three levels: <i>Air Battle Manager</i>, <i>Senior Air Battle Manager</i>, and <i>Master Air Battle Manager</i>, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF Air Battle Manager: </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Rating </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Basic requirement </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Flight time </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Alternative flight time </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Master Air Battle Manager</b></td> <td> <ul><li>15 years as rated ABM, and</li> <li>Permanent award of senior ABM rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>3,000 total hours, or</td> <td> <ul><li>2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or</li> <li>144 months OFDA</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eeeeee;"> <td><b>Senior Air Battle Manager</b></td> <td> <ul><li>7 years as rated ABM, and</li> <li>Permanent award of ABM rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>2,000 total hours, or</td> <td> <ul><li>1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or</li> <li>72 months OFDA</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Air Battle Manager</b></td> <td> <ul><li>Graduate of <a href="/wiki/E-3_Sentry" class="mw-redirect" title="E-3 Sentry">E-3 AWACS</a> Formal Training Unit course,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or</li> <li>Graduate of <a href="/wiki/E-8_Joint_STARS" class="mw-redirect" title="E-8 Joint STARS">E-8 J-STARS</a> Formal Training Unit course, or</li> <li>Graduate of UABMT under new syllabus</li></ul> </td> <td>No time required</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observer_ratings">Observer ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Observer ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; float: left; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; width:25%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Observer_Badge" title="Observer Badge">Observer Badge</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg/135px-United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg/203px-United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg/270px-United_States_Air_Force_Navigator_Observer_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="110" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The USAF awards observer ratings at three levels: <i>Observer</i>, <i>Senior Observer</i>, and <i>Master Observer</i>, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. The insignia is identical to USAF Navigator/CSO and is typically only awarded as an "observer" insignia with the Astronaut emblem to USAF officers who have completed training as <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Mission_specialist" title="Mission specialist">Mission Specialist Astronauts</a>, have flown at least once in space in the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> and/or served at the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, and are not otherwise rated as USAF Pilots or USAF Navigators/CSOs. The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF Observer: </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Rating </td> <td style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Basic requirement </td> <td style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Flight time </td> <td style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Alternative flight time </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Master Observer</b></td> <td> <ul><li>15 years as rated observer, and</li> <li>Permanent award of senior observer rating, and</li></ul> </td> <td>3,000 total hours, or</td> <td> <ul><li>2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or</li> <li>144 months OFDA</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#eeeeee;"> <td><b>Senior Observer</b></td> <td> <ul><li>7 years as rated observer, and</li> <li>Permanent award of observer rating. and</li></ul> </td> <td>2,000 total hours, or</td> <td> <ul><li>1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or</li> <li>72 months OFDA</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Observer</b></td> <td> <ul><li>Graduate of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Mission_Specialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Specialist">Mission Specialist</a> training</li></ul> </td> <td>No time required</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight_Surgeon_ratings">Flight Surgeon ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Flight Surgeon ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; float: left; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; width:30%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Flight_Surgeon_Badge_(United_States)" title="Flight Surgeon Badge (United States)">Flight Surgeon Badge</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Force_Flight_Surgeon_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/United_States_Air_Force_Flight_Surgeon_Badge.svg/135px-United_States_Air_Force_Flight_Surgeon_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/United_States_Air_Force_Flight_Surgeon_Badge.svg/203px-United_States_Air_Force_Flight_Surgeon_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/United_States_Air_Force_Flight_Surgeon_Badge.svg/270px-United_States_Air_Force_Flight_Surgeon_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="111" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The USAF awards <a href="/wiki/Flight_surgeon" title="Flight surgeon">flight surgeon</a> ratings at three levels: <i>Flight Surgeon</i>, <i>Senior Flight Surgeon</i>, and <i>Chief Flight Surgeon</i>, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. The following additional criteria are required for rating as a USAF Flight Surgeon: </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Rating </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Basic requirement </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Flight time </th> <th style="background-color:#3399ff; color:white;">Alternative flight time </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Chief Flight Surgeon</b></td> <td> <ul><li>15 years rated service as flight surgeon, and</li> <li>Permanent award of senior flight service rating, and</li> <li>1 year current active service as flight surgeon, and</li></ul> </td> <td>750 logged hours, or</td> <td>144 months OFDA </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eeeeee;"> <td><b>Senior Flight Surgeon</b></td> <td> <ul><li>7 years rated service as flight surgeon, and</li> <li>Permanent award of flight surgeon rating, and</li> <li>1 year current active service as flight surgeon, and</li></ul> </td> <td>350 logged hours, or</td> <td>72 months OFDA </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Flight Surgeon</b></td> <td> <ul><li>Graduate of Aerospace Medicine Primary Course, and</li> <li>Unrestricted <a href="/wiki/Medical_license" title="Medical license">medical license</a>, and</li> <li>Awarded <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Air Force Specialty Code</a> 48XX</li></ul> </td> <td>No time required</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pilot-Physicians">Pilot-Physicians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pilot-Physicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flight surgeons may also perform duties as <i>Pilot-Physicians</i> (Air Force Specialty Code 48VX). The purpose of pilot-physicians is to provide "integrated operational and aerospace medicine guidance" in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of Air Force systems and missions to realize the greatest effectiveness and cost savings. </p><p>Pilot-physicians were previously assigned only to an operational flying squadron in their respective aircraft, with their main assignment as a pilot, but also with clinical duties seeing patients, usually the flight medicine clinic, depending on the pilot-physician's <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">medical specialty</a>. On 21 April 2011 the Pilot-Physician Program (PPP) was completely revised to make "the most of the special resources of Air Force officers who are simultaneously qualified both as pilots and flight surgeons," with a senior pilot-physician selected by the <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Surgeon General of the United States Air Force">Air Force Surgeon General</a> to be Program Director, and assignment of designated command, staff, research, training, and education billets as well as duty in operational units. A P48VX specialty code is assigned to those on aeronautical orders as a pilot-physician and assigned to one of these designated PPP billets. Pilot-Physicians are entitled to conditional flight pay (ACIP), that is, only if assigned to an active flying position and flying a prescribed number of hours monthly. </p><p>In addition to being a rated pilot and a rated flight surgeon, a pilot-physician must have completed at least three years of operational flying and one year as an operational flight surgeon, with a provision for assigning applicants without flight surgeon operational experience to a base where they would likely become a "first assignment pilot-physician".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revised program allows flight surgeons access to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undergraduate_pilot_training&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undergraduate pilot training (page does not exist)">undergraduate pilot training</a> and remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) pilot training (one slot per year); allows participation of flight surgeons with experience as navigators, electronic warfare officers, RPA sensor operators, and flight test engineers as <i>navigator-physicians</i> or <i>flight test-physicians</i>; and authorizes pilot-physicians to compete for assignment to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School" title="U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School">USAF Test Pilot School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pilot-physicians are defined by four core competencies to achieve program objectives: </p> <ul><li><i>Providing expert guidance</i> through the synthesis of operational and medical experience,</li> <li><i>Conducting research</i> by applying operational insights to studies; basic and applied science; relevant research, development, test & evaluation (RDT&E); and operational test & evaluation (OT&E),</li> <li><i>Teaching</i> aircrew, senior Air Force leaders, and medical personnel on subjects of particular expertise, and</li> <li><i>Conducting analysis</i> to provide recommendations for operational systems, environments, and mishaps; and solutions to human performance problems.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Pilot-physicians are eligible for advanced ratings as both flight surgeons and pilots. They may apply toward advanced pilot ratings any USAF pilot years of aviation service, months of operational flying duty, and total flying hours accrued before achieving flight surgeon status. After attaining status as a pilot-physician, all hours flown as a pilot, and months of operational flying duty credit accrued as a pilot, are "dual-credited" toward both advanced pilot and flight surgeon ratings as long as the officer is on aeronautical orders as an active pilot-physician.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">Badges of the United States Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_badges_of_the_United_States" title="Military badges of the United States">Military badges of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_badges_of_the_United_States_military" title="Obsolete badges of the United States military">Obsolete badges of the United States military</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Footnotes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The standard by which flight status has been defined in law, executive orders, and regulations since 1913.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Navigator remains a rated category, but is in the process of being phased out in favor of the more comprehensive and versatile CSO category. Kreisher, Otto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2007/August%202007/0807cso.aspx">"Versatile, Ready, and Rated"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100903015159/http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2007/August%202007/0807cso.aspx">Archived</a> 3 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Association">AIR FORCE Magazine</a></i>, August 2007 (vol. 90, no. 8). Accessed 11 December 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Added 25 September 2007. Under a program that began in the fall of 2004 to replace the "Joint Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training" course, portions of the previous navigator and electronic warfare officer training courses were combined into a curriculum with the objective of developing an aviator with cross-flow capability between the two positions on combat aircraft. The curriculum includes a wider range of topics, with an increased emphasis on warfighting, to develop leadership, decision-making and mission management skills. Navigators and CSOs wear identical badges.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Added 13 December 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commander AFRC presents to USAF officers who complete RPA Formal Training Unit in conjunction with Undergraduate RPA Training at <a href="/wiki/March_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="March Air Force Base">March Air Reserve Base</a>, California.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One (1st Lt. J. D. Park) was killed in an accident before G.O. 39 was issued, and two (1st Lts. E.L. Ellington and H.M. Kelly) were killed together in the Philippines before theirs were delivered.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nine of those whose ratings were reduced and were still in the ASSC were re-rated the MA in July 1917 and four who had left aviation and returned—Arnold, <a href="/wiki/Frank_P._Lahm" title="Frank P. Lahm">Frank P. Lahm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Carberry" title="Joseph E. Carberry">Joseph E. Carberry</a>, and Robert H. Willis—were awarded the higher rating under the 3-year requirement after a ruling that their time away from aviation also counted. (Hennessey, p. 229)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Candidates for Reserve Military Aviator had to pass a medical examination to become an aviation cadet at a civilian flying school, then a preliminary flying test. Nearly all aviation cadets receiving the rating were commissioned as <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#United_States" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenants</a>, Signal Officers Reserve Corps, awarded upon successful completion of the "Reserve Military Aviator" test, supervised by an Aviation Section officer or agent. (Only those few rated officers not assigned in orders to the "Aviation Section, Signal Reserve for regular and frequent flights" were commissioned as <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_States" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenants</a>.) The test in seven parts included a takeoff and climb in a constricted area, gliding and spinning, making a deadstick landing, landing over an obstacle, flying a triangular course by compass, flying a 30-mile cross-country flight by map, and completing a 45-minute endurance flight at 4,000 feet altitude. (<i>Aviation and Aeronautical Engineering</i>, 15 May 1917, Vol. II, No. 8, p. 355.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No one was ever rated a Reserve Military Aeronaut, all balloon ascensions during the war being tethered and manned by observers. (1920 <i>Aircraft Year Book</i>, p. 278)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enlisted pilots were authorized embroidered wings with a four-bladed propeller instead of a shield in the center, to be worn on the sleeve. However in World War I all enlisted pilots became commissioned. Enlisted pilots between 1919 and 1933, when the rating was discontinued, wore metal wings similar to the embroidered badge. (Callander)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Two non-flying ratings for aircraft mechanics, "Aviation Mechanician" and "Balloon Mechanician", also received a 50% increase if engaged in flying duty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">War Department Special Orders 95-0, para. 110, 23 April 1919, awarded six additional officers the rating of "Military Aviator" for "distinguished service" in France during the war: Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Billy_Mitchell" title="Billy Mitchell">Billy Mitchell</a>, Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Lewis_H._Brereton" title="Lewis H. Brereton">Lewis H. Brereton</a>, Lt. Col. John N. Reynolds, Major <a href="/wiki/Carl_A._Spaatz" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl A. Spaatz">Carl A. Spaatz</a>, Major Melvin A. Hall, and Captain <a href="/wiki/Reed_McKinley_Chambers" title="Reed McKinley Chambers">Reed M. Chambers</a>. These were the only ratings ever awarded for distinguished service, and when the Military Aviator rating was abolished, these six were permitted to keep it. (Davis, p. 14 and p. 678, note 50.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The U.S. Naval Air Service and the U.S. Aerial Mail Service also had four aviation ratings.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both phases of training were six months in length.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enlisted personnel qualifying for a pilot rating during World War II, commonly referred to as "sergeant pilots," wore <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Pilot_Badge" title="Auxiliary Pilot Badge">auxiliary pilot</a> wings appropriate to the class of aircraft they flew.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These five ratings were: Military Airplane Pilot, Airplane Pilot, Airplane Observer, Balloon Pilot, and Balloon Observer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AR 600–35 (paragraph 42: "Badge, Aviation") was revised to list the eight rating categories, including a new <i>Senior Balloon Pilot</i> rating, and describe their badges.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The rating of <i>Pilot</i> was authorized 21 November 1939.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The rating of <i>Senior Pilot</i> was authorized 20 February 1940.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The rating of <i>Command Pilot</i> was authorized 23 March 1940.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Combat Observer</i> and <i>Technical Observer</i> ratings became effective 23 February 1940.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FTU is an umbrella term for both current Undergraduate ABM Training (UABMT) and previous Programmed Flying Training (PFT) in a flying unit</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/223/Article/996754/first-two-enlisted-pilots-complete-solo-flights.aspx">"First two enlisted pilots complete solo flights"</a>. <i>af.mil</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161229032421/http://www.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/223/Article/996754/first-two-enlisted-pilots-complete-solo-flights.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=af.mil&rft.atitle=First+two+enlisted+pilots+complete+solo+flights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.af.mil%2FNews%2FArticleDisplay%2Ftabid%2F223%2FArticle%2F996754%2Ffirst-two-enlisted-pilots-complete-solo-flights.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Air+Force+aeronautical+rating" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Air Force Instruction (AFI) 11-402, Paragraph 2.2.2; 13 December 2010, superseding AFI 11-402 25 September 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AFI 11-402. Paragraph 2.2 defines the categories of aeronautical ratings and Paragraph 2.4 the authority making the award.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cso-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cso_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cso_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a3_5/publication/afi11-402/afi11-402.pdf">AFI11-402 <i>Aviation and Parachutist Service, Aeronautical Ratings and Aviation Badges</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140112010936/http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a3_5/publication/afi11-402/afi11-402.pdf">Archived</a> 12 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p.2 Summary of Changes (2 February 2013). Retrieved 31 August 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abm99-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abm99_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Added 1 October 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilder" class="citation book cs1">Wilder, Harlan, et al. editors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dPLkAKjtJYkC&q=1+October+1999+%22Air+Battle+Manager%22&pg=PT635"><i>Aviation Career Incentive Pay (ACIP)</i></a>. U.S. Air Force Judge Advocate General's Department. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170417091903/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPLkAKjtJYkC&pg=PT635&lpg=PT635&dq=1+October+1999+%22Air+Battle+Manager%22&source=bl&ots=zSGX7R_33c&sig=gew3kSEeEuhpAqCMeH9L_DkFyh8&hl=en&ei=8CclS4OLLM7VlAfZ1Z31CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CCcQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=1%20October%201999%20%22Air%20Battle%20Manager%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aviation+Career+Incentive+Pay+%28ACIP%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Air+Force+Judge+Advocate+General%27s+Department&rft.aulast=Wilder&rft.aufirst=Harlan%2C+et+al.+editors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdPLkAKjtJYkC%26q%3D1%2BOctober%2B1999%2B%2522Air%2BBattle%2BManager%2522%26pg%3DPT635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Air+Force+aeronautical+rating" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHIaAQAAIAAJ&dq=rating+%22regular+and+frequent+flights%22&pg=PA423">Chicago Daily news almanac and year-book for 1918, p. 423.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429192622/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHIaAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA423&lpg=PA423&dq=rating+%22regular+and+frequent+flights%22&source=bl&ots=aEBR5FIqbJ&sig=2he1u281SyiML0_iRlkNmJ_dTyg&hl=en&ei=LD_CTJHuOoennQfT9tWHCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> 29 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHennessey1958">Hennessey 1958</a>, p. 58<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessey1958 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorrell2007">Correll 2007</a>, p. 50<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCorrell2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHennessy1958">Hennessy 1958</a>, p. 227<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessy1958 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span> Appendix 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHennessy1958">Hennessy 1958</a>, p. 59<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessy1958 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHennessy1958">Hennessy 1958</a>, p. 234<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessy1958 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rd14-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rd14_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rd14_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1993">Davis 1993</a>, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m46-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m46_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m46_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m46_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m46_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1987">Maurer 1987</a>, pp. 46–47<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tww-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tww_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tww_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tww_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallander1991">Callander 1991</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCallander1991 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aviation Medicine in the A.E.F.</i>, pp. 309–310. (ODAS General Orders No. 45, 29 September 1919)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r12-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r12_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r12_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r12_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRottman2002">Rottman 2002</a>, p. 12<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRottman2002 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1920 <i>Aircraft Year Book</i>, pp. 276–278</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asrate-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asrate_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aMY7AAAAMAAJ&q=rating+%22regular+and+frequent+flights%22&pg=RA6-PA31">"Flying Status of Air Service Officers"</a>. <i>U.S. Air Service</i>. <b>4</b> (September). 1920. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722084913/http://books.google.com/books?id=aMY7AAAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA31&lpg=RA6-PA31&dq=rating+%22regular+and+frequent+flights%22&source=bl&ots=bRkFMPxOBS&sig=2XQ2hsVcGQsv0R9Uzdw6AsyzSOM&hl=en&ei=TUTCTPntCMfGnAfbqLXaCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=rating%20%22regular%20and%20frequent%20flights%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Air+Service&rft.atitle=Flying+Status+of+Air+Service+Officers&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=September&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaMY7AAAAMAAJ%26q%3Drating%2B%2522regular%2Band%2Bfrequent%2Bflights%2522%26pg%3DRA6-PA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Air+Force+aeronautical+rating" class="Z3988"></span>. Paragraph 2 (a) Section IV, General Orders No. 49, War Department 1920</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m47-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m47_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1987">Maurer 1987</a>, p. 47<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHussey_and_Browning2000">Hussey and Browning 2000</a>, p. 18<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHussey_and_Browning2000 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-naca-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-naca_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930091252_1993091252.pdf">"The Army Air Service"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tenth Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics</i>. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1925. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100208053423/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930091252_1993091252.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tenth+Annual+Report+of+the+National+Advisory+Committee+of+Aeronautics&rft.atitle=The+Army+Air+Service&rft.date=1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Farchive%2Fnasa%2Fcasi.ntrs.nasa.gov%2F19930091252_1993091252.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Air+Force+aeronautical+rating" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHussey_and_Browning2000">Hussey and Browning 2000</a>, p. 21<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHussey_and_Browning2000 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1987">Maurer 1987</a>, pp. 49, 204–208<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1987">Maurer 1987</a>, p. 379<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>. Air Corps Circular 50-10 13 June 1937</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1987">Maurer 1987</a>, p. 373<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">War Department Circular 31, 23 March 1940</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m380-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m380_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1987">Maurer 1987</a>, p. 380<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1987">Maurer 1987</a>, p. 67<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2003">Jones 2003</a>, pp. 11–19<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJones2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeRoy1955">LeRoy 1955</a>, p. 366<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLeRoy1955 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRottman2002">Rottman 2002</a>, p. 15<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRottman2002 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AFI 11-402 Table 2.1. This table defines requirements for all seven categories of ratings.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a3/publication/afi11-402/afi11-402.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201015535/http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a3/publication/afi11-402/afi11-402.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.e-publishing.af.mil%2Fproduction%2F1%2Faf_a3%2Fpublication%2Fafi11-402%2Fafi11-402.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Air+Force+aeronautical+rating" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AFI 11-405 <i>Pilot-Physician Program</i>, Paragraph 4.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AFI 11-404 Paragraphs 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, and 7.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AFI 11-402, Paragraph 1.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AFI 11-402, Paragraph 2.7</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140112010936/http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a3_5/publication/afi11-402/afi11-402.pdf">AFI 11-402, <i>Aviation and Parachutist Service, Aeronautical Ratings and Badges</i>, 13 December 2010; certified current 5 February 2013</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a3_5/publication/afi11-405/afi11-405.pdf">AFI 11-405 <i>The Pilot-Physician Program</i>, 21 April 2011</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a3_5/publication/afi11-401/afi11-401.pdf">AFI 11-401 <i>Aviation Management</i>, 10 December 2010; certified current 9 January 2013</a></li> <li><i>Aviation Medicine in the A.E.F.</i>, Office of the Director of Air Service, February 1920, U.S. Government Printing Office</li> <li>Callander, Bruce D. "They Wanted Wings", <i>AIR FORCE Magazine</i>, January 1991, Vol. 74, No. 1, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Association">Air Force Association</a>, Arlington, Virginia</li> <li>Correll, John T. "The First of the Force," <i>AIR FORCE Magazine</i>, August 2007, Vol. 90, No. 8, the Air Force Association, Arlington, Virginia</li> <li>Craven, Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea, editors (1958). "The Medical Service of the USAAF" (LeRoy, Dr. George V.), <i>Volume Seven – Services Around the World</i>, <i>The Army Air Forces in World War II</i>, Air Force Historical Studies Office</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1993" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Richard G. (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carlaspaatzai00davi"><i>Carl A. Spaatz and the air war in Europe</i></a></span>. Washington, D.C.: Center for Air Force History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-75-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-75-7"><bdi>0-912799-75-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carl+A.+Spaatz+and+the+air+war+in+Europe&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Center+for+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-912799-75-7&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarlaspaatzai00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Air+Force+aeronautical+rating" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hennessy, Dr. Juliette A. (1958). <i>The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April 1917</i> (USAF Historical Study No. 98), Maxwell Air Force Base: Air Force Historical Research Agency, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-34-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-34-X">0-912799-34-X</a> OCLC 12553968</li> <li>Hussey, Anne, and Browning, Dr. Robert (2000). "Flying Training at Kelly, 1917–1943", <i>A History of Military Aviation in San Antonio</i>, USAF Air Education and Training Command</li> <li>Jones, David R. (2003). <i>Flight Surgeon Support to United States Air Force Fliers in Combat</i>, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, Texas</li> <li>Maurer, Maurer (1987). <i>Aviation in the U.S. Army, 1919–1939</i>, Office of Air Force History, Washington, D.C. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4102-1391-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4102-1391-9">1-4102-1391-9</a></li> <li>Manufacturers Aircraft Association, Inc. (1920). <i>Aircraft Year Book</i>, Doubleday, Page, and Company. New York</li> <li>Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). <i>U.S. Army Air Forces, Volume Two</i>, Osprey Publishing, Botley, Oxford, UK. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-339-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-339-7">1-85532-339-7</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcooper.0catch.com/ebeck1.htm">History: The 1913 Military Aviator's Badge awarded to Captain Paul W. Beck, U.S. Infantry, by Walter Schott The Early Birds of Aviation, Inc.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template talk:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Air_Force" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">Under Secretary of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Staff_(United_States)" title="Air Staff (United States)">Air Staff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Vice Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Director of Staff of the United States Air Force">Director of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Master_Sergeant_of_the_Air_Force" title="Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force">Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Air Force four-star generals">Four-star generals</a></li> <li>Three-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_generals_in_the_United_States_Air_Force_before_1960" title="List of lieutenant generals in the United States Air Force before 1960">1940–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2010_to_2019" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_since_2020" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals since 2020">2020–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Tactical_Air_and_Land_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces">House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Airland" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland">Senate Subcommittee on Airland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg/80px-U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg/120px-U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg/160px-U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Structure of the United States Air Force">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Field_Operating_Agencies" title="List of United States Air Force Field Operating Agencies">Field Operating Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_installations" title="List of United States Air Force installations">Installations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Direct Reporting Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_District_of_Washington" title="Air Force District of Washington">District of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Center" title="Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center">Operational Test and Evaluation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">USAF Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_commands_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of major commands of the United States Air Force">Major commands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">ACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">AETC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">AFGSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">AFMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">AFRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Special_Operations_Command" title="Air Force Special Operations Command">AFSOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">AMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Air_Forces" title="Pacific Air Forces">PACAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">USAFE–AFAFRICA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force" title="Numbered Air Force">Numbered Air Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force" title="Ninth Air Force">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Air_Force" title="Eleventh Air Force">Eleventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Expeditionary_Air_Force" title="Thirteenth Expeditionary Air Force">Thirteenth Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Air_Force" title="Eighteenth Air Force">Eighteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Air_Force" title="Nineteenth Air Force">Nineteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Second_Air_Force" title="Twenty-Second Air Force">Twenty-Second</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of wings of the United States Air Force">Wings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Groups" title="List of United States Air Force Groups">Groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force squadrons">Squadrons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_National_Guard_Squadrons" title="List of United States Air National Guard Squadrons">ANG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force Security Forces squadrons">Security Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces#Civilian_auxiliaries_distinguished" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Civilian auxiliary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel and<br /> training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_personnel" title="List of United States Air Force personnel">Personnel</a></li> <li>Rank <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Cadet_Insignia" title="United States Air Force Academy Cadet Insignia">cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia">enlisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Specialty Code</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aeronautical ratings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Engineer_Deployable_Heavy_Operational_Repair_Squadron_Engineers" title="Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers">RED HORSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces" title="United States Air Force Security Forces">Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Medical_Service" title="United States Air Force Medical Service">Medical Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">Chief of Chaplains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scientist_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force">Chief Scientist</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Training: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Officer_Training_School" title="Air Force Officer Training School">Officer Training School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" title="Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps">Reserve Officer Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Basic_Military_Training" title="United States Air Force Basic Military Training">Basic Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman_Leadership_School" title="Airman Leadership School">Airman Leadership School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival,_Evasion,_Resistance_and_Escape" title="Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape">SERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Fitness_Assessment" title="United States Air Force Fitness Assessment">Fitness Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and<br /> equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the United States Air Force">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Aircraft_inventory" title="United States Air Force">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Air Force">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and<br /> traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="History of the United States Air Force">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Division,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps">Aeronautical Division</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Section,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps">Aviation Section</a> / <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Military_Aeronautics" title="Division of Military Aeronautics">Division of Military Aeronautics</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">Army Air Service</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">Army Air Corps</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_U.S._Air_Force_(song)" title="The U.S. Air Force (song)">The U.S. Air Force</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Band" title="United States Air Force Band">Air Force Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Creed" title="Airman's Creed">Airman's Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Core_missions" title="United States Air Force">Core Values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Flag of the United States Air Force">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Symbol" title="United States Air Force Symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Memorial" title="United States Air Force Memorial">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Airforce_Service_Pilots" title="Women Airforce Service Pilots">Women Airforce Service Pilots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> / <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Two" title="Air Force Two">Air Force Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Honor_Guard" title="United States Air Force Honor Guard">Honor Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Thunderbirds" title="United States Air Force Thunderbirds">Thunderbirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Service number (United States Air Force)">Service numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space_Forces_Association" title="Air & Space Forces Association">Air & Space Forces Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" 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