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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_princes_of_Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of princes of Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_princes_of_Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="الممالك المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الممالك المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princip%C3%A1u_de_Ruman%C3%ADa" title="Principáu de Rumanía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Principáu de Rumanía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D1%96_%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Аб’яднанае княства Валахіі і Малдовы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аб’яднанае княства Валахіі і Малдовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Обединено княжество Влашко и Молдова – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обединено княжество Влашко и Молдова" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principat_de_Romania" title="Principat de Romania – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Principat de Romania" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spojen%C3%A1_kn%C3%AD%C5%BEectv%C3%AD" title="Spojená knížectví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spojená knížectví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrstentum_Rum%C3%A4nien" title="Fürstentum Rumänien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fürstentum Rumänien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Chendatud_v%C3%BCrstiriigid" title="Ühendatud vürstiriigid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ühendatud vürstiriigid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principado_de_Rumania" title="Principado de Rumania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Principado de Rumania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Princlandoj" title="Unuiĝintaj Princlandoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unuiĝintaj Princlandoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="شاهزاده‌نشینان متحد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاهزاده‌نشینان متحد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9s_unies_de_Moldavie_et_de_Valachie" title="Principautés unies de Moldavie et de Valachie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Principautés unies de Moldavie et de Valachie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%EB%8B%A4%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EC%99%88%EB%9D%BC%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%AD" title="몰다비아 왈라키아 연합공국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몰다비아 왈라키아 연합공국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%87_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վալախիայի և Մոլդովայի միացյալ իշխանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վալախիայի և Մոլդովայի միացյալ իշխանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perserikatan_Kepangeranan_Moldavia_dan_Wallachia" title="Perserikatan Kepangeranan Moldavia dan Wallachia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perserikatan Kepangeranan Moldavia dan Wallachia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principato_di_Romania" title="Principato di Romania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principato di Romania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="הנסיכויות הרומניות המאוחדות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנסיכויות הרומניות המאוחדות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ვლახეთისა და მოლდოვის გაერთიანებული სამთავრო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვლახეთისა და მოლდოვის გაერთიანებული სამთავრო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Обединето Кнежевство Влашка и Молдавија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Обединето Кнежевство Влашка и Молдавија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorstendom_Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Vorstendom Roemenië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vorstendom Roemenië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="ルーマニア公国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーマニア公国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjednoczone_Ksi%C4%99stwa_Mo%C5%82dawii_i_Wo%C5%82oszczyzny" title="Zjednoczone Księstwa Mołdawii i Wołoszczyzny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zjednoczone Księstwa Mołdawii i Wołoszczyzny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principados_Unidos" title="Principados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Principados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principatele_Unite_ale_Moldovei_%C8%99i_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Rom%C3%A2ne%C8%99ti" title="Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Соединённые княжества Молдавии и Валахии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соединённые княжества Молдавии и Валахии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principatat_e_Bashkuara_t%C3%AB_Moldavis%C3%AB_dhe_Vllahis%C3%AB" title="Principatat e Bashkuara të Moldavisë dhe Vllahisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Principatat e Bashkuara të Moldavisë dhe Vllahisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumunsk%C3%A9_knie%C5%BEatstvo" title="Rumunské kniežatstvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rumunské kniežatstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Уједињене Кнежевине – Serbian" lang="sr" 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1859–1881 personal union and early form of the modern Romanian state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (1859–1862)<hr />Romanian United Principalities (1862–1866)<hr />Romania (1866–1881)</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1859–1881</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Romania_(1862%E2%80%931866).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of United Principalities"><img alt="Flag of United Principalities" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Romania_%281862%E2%80%931866%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Romania_%281862%E2%80%931866%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Romania_%281862%E2%80%931866%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Romania_%281862%E2%80%931866%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Romania_%281862%E2%80%931866%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Romania_%281862%E2%80%931866%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div style="padding: 2px 0px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/125px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/188px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/250px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Flag<br /><span class="nowrap">Top: 1862-1866<br />Bottom: After 1866</span></a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Romania_Coat_of_Arms_Big_1866-1881.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of United Principalities"><img alt="Coat of arms 1872-1881" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kingdom_of_Romania_Coat_of_Arms_Big_1866-1881.svg/100px-Kingdom_of_Romania_Coat_of_Arms_Big_1866-1881.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kingdom_of_Romania_Coat_of_Arms_Big_1866-1881.svg/150px-Kingdom_of_Romania_Coat_of_Arms_Big_1866-1881.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kingdom_of_Romania_Coat_of_Arms_Big_1866-1881.svg/200px-Kingdom_of_Romania_Coat_of_Arms_Big_1866-1881.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="508" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Unus_pro_omnibus,_omnes_pro_uno" title="Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno">Toți în unu</a></i>"</li><li>"All for One"</li><li>(1862–1866)</li></ul></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Nihil_Sine_Deo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihil Sine Deo">Nihil Sine Deo</a></i>"</li><li>"Nothing without God"</li><li>(1866–1881)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Mar%C8%99_triumfal" title="Marș triumfal">Marș triumfal</a></i>"</li><li>"Triumphant March"</li><li>(1862–1881)</li></ul></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Hora_Unirii" title="Hora Unirii">Hora Unirii</a></i>"</li><li>"Hora of the Union"</li><li>(popular, unofficial)</li></ul></div><br /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_1859-1878.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The United Principalities (Romania) 1862–1878, shown in light yellow"><img alt="The United Principalities (Romania) 1862–1878, shown in light yellow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Romania_1859-1878.png/250px-Romania_1859-1878.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Romania_1859-1878.png/375px-Romania_1859-1878.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Romania_1859-1878.png/500px-Romania_1859-1878.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="413" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The United Principalities (Romania) 1862–1878, shown in light yellow</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vassal_and_tributary_states_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire">Vassal state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (1859–1877)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_tribox"><a href="#endnote_tribox">[a]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li><li>(1859–1862)</li><li>Bucharest</li><li>(1862–1881)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <p><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, </p> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Romania" title="Reformed Church in Romania">Reformed Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional monarchy</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_govbox"><a href="#endnote_govbox">[b]</a></sup></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor">Domnitor</a> (Prince)</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1859–1866 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1866–1881 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1866 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1866 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">Nicolae Golescu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1866 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Haralambie" title="Nicolae Haralambie">Nicolae Haralambie</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">President of the Council of Ministers</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1862 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu" title="Barbu Catargiu">Barbu Catargiu</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1879–1881 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ion_Br%C4%83tianu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Brătianu">Ion Brătianu</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Deputies of Romania">Assembly of Deputies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Union between <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">24 January 1859</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• First common government </div></th><td class="infobox-data">22 January 1862</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• First <a href="/wiki/1866_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1866 Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13 July 1866</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">Independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_inbox"><a href="#endnote_inbox">[c]</a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 May 1877</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom</a> established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 1881</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1860<sup id="cite_ref-anuarul_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anuarul-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">123,335 km<sup>2</sup> (47,620 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1881<sup id="cite_ref-anuarul_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anuarul-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">130,177 km<sup>2</sup> (50,262 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1860<sup id="cite_ref-anuarul_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anuarul-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,917,541</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1881<sup id="cite_ref-anuarul_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anuarul-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,545,821</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_florin" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian florin">florin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kreuzer" title="Kreuzer">kreutzer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">leu</a> (from 1870)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_Moldavia_in_1831.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moldavia_in_1831.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_Moldavia_in_1831.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldavia_in_1831.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_Moldavia_in_1831.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldavia_in_1831.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Civil_ensign_of_the_Principality_of_Wallachia%2C_1834-2.png/20px-Civil_ensign_of_the_Principality_of_Wallachia%2C_1834-2.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Civil_ensign_of_the_Principality_of_Wallachia%2C_1834-2.png/30px-Civil_ensign_of_the_Principality_of_Wallachia%2C_1834-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Civil_ensign_of_the_Principality_of_Wallachia%2C_1834-2.png/40px-Civil_ensign_of_the_Principality_of_Wallachia%2C_1834-2.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="217" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dobruja" title="Northern Dobruja">Northern Dobruja</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Governorate" title="Bessarabia Governorate">Bessarabia Governorate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_tribox"><b><a href="#ref_tribox">^</a></b></span> a. <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">De facto</a> independent state.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_govbox"><b><a href="#ref_govbox">^</a></b></span> b. <a href="/wiki/1866_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1866 Constitution of Romania">1866 Constitution of Romania</a>.</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_inbox"><b><a href="#ref_inbox">^</a></b></span> c. Independence <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">internationally recognized</a> in 1878.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-histnames_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-histnames-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly called <b>United Principalities</b> or <b>Wallachia and Moldavia</b>, was the <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Principality of Moldavia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Principality of Wallachia</a>. The union was formed 5 February [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 24 January] 1859 when <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a> was elected as the <i><a href="/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor">Domnitor</a></i> (Ruling Prince) of both principalities. Their separate autonomous <a href="/wiki/Vassalage" class="mw-redirect" title="Vassalage">vassalage</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> continued with <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia">the unification of both principalities</a>. On 3 February [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 22 January] 1862, Moldavia and Wallachia formally united to create the <b>Romanian United Principalities</b>, the core of the Romanian <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1866, Prince Cuza was forced to abdicate and go into exile by a political coalition led by the Liberals; the German Prince <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a> was offered the Throne and, on 22 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 10 May] 1866 he entered Bucharest for the first time. In July the same year, a <a href="/wiki/1866_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1866 Constitution of Romania">new constitution</a> came into effect, giving the country the name of <b>Romania</b>; internationally, this name was used only after 1877, since at the time it shared a common foreign policy with the Ottoman Empire. Nominally, the new state remained a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. However, by this time the suzerainty of the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Sublime Porte</a> had become a <a href="/wiki/Legal_fiction" title="Legal fiction">legal fiction</a>. Romania had <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">its own flag</a> and anthem; after 1867, it had its own currency as well. </p><p>On 21 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 9 May] 1877, Romania <a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">proclaimed itself</a> fully independent; the proclamation was sanctioned by the Domnitor the following day. Four years later, the <a href="/wiki/1866_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1866 Constitution of Romania">1866 constitution</a> was modified and Romania became a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">kingdom</a>, on 22 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 10 May] 1881, Domnitor Carol I was crowned as the first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King of Romania</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> <a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_Romania" title="Historical regions of Romania">and other territories</a> were also included. </p><p>For its triple symbolic meaning, the date of May 10 was celebrated as Romania's National Day until 1948, when the Communist regime installed the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">republic</a> on 30 December 1947. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a historical term designating the pre-Union Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, sometimes including the Principality of Transylvania, the term "Romanian Principalities" dates back to the beginnings of modern <a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">Romanian history</a> in the mid-19th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently used by Romanian historians as an alternative to the much older term "Romanian Lands". English use of "Romanian Principalities" is documented from the second half of the 19th century. </p><p>In the period between the late 18th century and the 1860s, <a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a> was used, a term that sometimes included <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, but not Transylvania. In contrast, use of "Romanian Principalities" sometimes included Transylvania but never Serbia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia">Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">Romanian War of Independence</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodor_Aman-Unirea_Principatelor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Theodor_Aman-Unirea_Principatelor.jpg/200px-Theodor_Aman-Unirea_Principatelor.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Theodor_Aman-Unirea_Principatelor.jpg/300px-Theodor_Aman-Unirea_Principatelor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Theodor_Aman-Unirea_Principatelor.jpg/400px-Theodor_Aman-Unirea_Principatelor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>The Union of the Principalities</i>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Aman" title="Theodor Aman">Theodor Aman</a>, 1857</figcaption></figure> <p>The aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>'s defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> brought the 1856 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1856)" title="Treaty of Paris (1856)">Treaty of Paris</a>, which started a period of common tutelage for the Ottomans and a Congress of <a href="/wiki/Great_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Power">Great Powers</a>—the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Piedmont-Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia">Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, and, though never again fully, Russia. While the Moldavia-Wallachia <a href="/wiki/Partida_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Partida Națională">unionist campaign</a>, which had come to dominate political demands, was accepted with sympathy by the French, Russians, Prussians, and Sardinians, it was rejected by the Austrian Empire, and looked upon with suspicion by Great Britain and the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-Principalities_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Principalities-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negotiations amounted to an agreement on a minimal formal union; however, elections for the <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc_Divans" title="Ad hoc Divans">ad-hoc divans</a> in 1859 profited from an ambiguity in the text of the final agreement, which, while specifying two thrones, did not prevent the same person from occupying both thrones simultaneously and ultimately ushered in the ruling of Alexandru Ioan Cuza as <i>Domnitor</i> (Ruling Prince) over the United Romanian Principalities from 1862 onwards, <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia">uniting both principalities</a>. </p><p>Though internationally formally recognized only after the period of Cuza's reign,<sup id="cite_ref-Principalities_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Principalities-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Union was cemented by Ioan Cuza's unsanctioned interventions in the text of previous "<a href="/wiki/Organic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic Law">Organic Law</a>". In addition, the circumstances of his deposition in 1866, together with the rapid election of Prussian Prince <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a> (who was backed by the increasingly important Prussia) and the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">Austro-Prussian War</a> in the same time, made applying measures against the Union actually impossible.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">Romanian War of Independence</a> in 1877–78, Romania shook off formal Ottoman rule but eventually clashed with its Russian ally over its demand for the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bessarabia" title="Southern Bessarabia">Southern Bessarabia</a> region. Ultimately, Romania was awarded <a href="/wiki/Northern_Dobruja" title="Northern Dobruja">Northern Dobruja</a> in exchange for Southern Bessarabia on 13 June 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a> subsequently emerged in 1881 with Prince Carol being crowned as <a href="/wiki/King_Carol_I_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="King Carol I of Romania">King Carol I of Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_reign_of_Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza">The reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodor_Aman_-_Proclamarea_Unirii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Theodor_Aman_-_Proclamarea_Unirii.jpg/220px-Theodor_Aman_-_Proclamarea_Unirii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Theodor_Aman_-_Proclamarea_Unirii.jpg/330px-Theodor_Aman_-_Proclamarea_Unirii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Theodor_Aman_-_Proclamarea_Unirii.jpg/440px-Theodor_Aman_-_Proclamarea_Unirii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Proclamation of the Moldo-Wallachian union</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a> took steps to unify the administrations of the two Romanian Principalities and gain international recognition for the Union. He also adopted several reforms, including the <a href="/wiki/Secularization_of_monastery_estates_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Secularization of monastery estates in Romania">secularization of church lands</a>, introduction of free primary education, a <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic code">French-inspired</a> civil code and <a href="/wiki/Penal_Code_of_Romania" title="Penal Code of Romania">penal code</a> as well as a limited agrarian reform and one in the army.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Opposition from the large-land-owners dominated parliament to Cuza resulted in a coup against him in 1864. He subsequently instituted authoritarian rule but his popular support, strong at the time of the coup, gradually waned as the land reform failed to bring prosperity to the peasant majority.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Cuza was forced to abdicate in 1866 by the two main political groups, the Conservatives and the Liberals, who represented the interests of former large-land-owners. Although the event sparked some anti-unionist turmoil in Cuza's native province of Moldavia, it was quickly suppressed by the central authorities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_reign_of_Carol_I_as_Prince">The reign of Carol I as Prince</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The reign of Carol I as Prince"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trecerea_dunarii_1878.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Trecerea_dunarii_1878.jpeg/220px-Trecerea_dunarii_1878.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Trecerea_dunarii_1878.jpeg/330px-Trecerea_dunarii_1878.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Trecerea_dunarii_1878.jpeg/440px-Trecerea_dunarii_1878.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2397" data-file-height="1550" /></a><figcaption>The Romanian Army crossing the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The new governing coalition appointed <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a> as the new Ruling Prince of Romania in a move initially rejected by the European powers but later on accepted. In the first year of Carol's reign Romania adopted its <a href="/wiki/1866_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1866 Constitution of Romania">first constitution</a>. This instrument provided for a hereditary <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, with a Parliament being elected through <a href="/wiki/Censitary_suffrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Censitary suffrage">censitary suffrage</a> although the country remained under Ottoman suzerainty. Carol was not unanimously accepted, and a rise in republican sentiment culminated with an <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Republic of Ploiești">uprising in Ploiești</a> in 1870 and a revolt in Bucharest in 1871, both of which were quelled by the army.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In April 1877, in the wake of a new <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish war</a>, Romania signed a convention by which Russian troops were allowed to pass through Romanian territory in their advance towards the Ottoman Empire. On May 9, the Romanian parliament declared the independence of the principality, and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">joined the war</a> on the Russian side. After several Romanian victories south of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> and the ultimate victory of the Russian-led side in the war, the European powers recognized Romania's independence under the 1878 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a>. Nevertheless, Romania was made to exchange Southern Bessarabia for Northern <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a>, and allow non-Christians living in Romania access to Romanian citizenship.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1881, the country's parliament proclaimed Romania a kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_princes_of_Romania">List of princes of Romania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of princes of Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="clear:right; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Prince </th> <th>Reign </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Johann_Cuza_Kriehuber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Alexander_Johann_Cuza_Kriehuber.jpg/80px-Alexander_Johann_Cuza_Kriehuber.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Alexander_Johann_Cuza_Kriehuber.jpg/120px-Alexander_Johann_Cuza_Kriehuber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Alexander_Johann_Cuza_Kriehuber.jpg/160px-Alexander_Johann_Cuza_Kriehuber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan I</a><br />(Alexandru Ioan Cuza) </td> <td>5 February 1862 – 22 February 1866<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<span data-sort-value="7003147800000000000♠"></span>4 years, 17 days)</span> </td> <td>Born in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2rlad" title="Bârlad">Bârlad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg/80px-Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg/120px-Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg/160px-Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a><br />(Karl Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen) </td> <td>20 April 1866 – 15 March 1881<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<span data-sort-value="7003544300000000000♠"></span>14 years, 329 days)</span> </td> <td>First <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Romania" title="Germans of Romania">German</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King of Romania</a> from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_royal_family" title="Romanian royal family">Romanian branch</a> of this German royal dynasty </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Moldavia" title="Administrative divisions of Moldavia">Administrative divisions of Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historical_administrative_divisions_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical administrative divisions of Romania">Historical administrative divisions of Romania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Principalities,_1861,_with_counties.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/United_Principalities%2C_1861%2C_with_counties.svg/220px-United_Principalities%2C_1861%2C_with_counties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/United_Principalities%2C_1861%2C_with_counties.svg/330px-United_Principalities%2C_1861%2C_with_counties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/United_Principalities%2C_1861%2C_with_counties.svg/440px-United_Principalities%2C_1861%2C_with_counties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>1861 map of the United Principalities Moldavia (in blue) and Wallachia (in yellow);<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> marks for the two capitals (Iași and Bucharest), and the proposed judicial capital, <a href="/wiki/Foc%C8%99ani" title="Focșani">Focșani</a>, located on the former border, thus in the middle.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_administrative_divisions,_1864.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Romania_administrative_divisions%2C_1864.svg/220px-Romania_administrative_divisions%2C_1864.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Romania_administrative_divisions%2C_1864.svg/330px-Romania_administrative_divisions%2C_1864.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Romania_administrative_divisions%2C_1864.svg/440px-Romania_administrative_divisions%2C_1864.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Administrative map of the Romanian Principality (1864–1878)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_Judete_Antebelice_(RO).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Romania_Judete_Antebelice_%28RO%29.svg/220px-Romania_Judete_Antebelice_%28RO%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Romania_Judete_Antebelice_%28RO%29.svg/330px-Romania_Judete_Antebelice_%28RO%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Romania_Judete_Antebelice_%28RO%29.svg/440px-Romania_Judete_Antebelice_%28RO%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Administrative map of Romania (after 1878 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">A.D.</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 1872, the Romanian Principality was organized into 33 counties of which 17 were in Wallachia (12 in <a href="/wiki/Muntenia" title="Muntenia">Muntenia</a> and 5 in <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a>), and 16 were in Moldavia (13 in <a href="/wiki/Western_Moldavia" title="Western Moldavia">western Moldavia</a> and 3 in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bessarabia" title="Southern Bessarabia">southern Bessarabia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Demographics of Romania</a></div> <p>According to the 1859–1860 census, the United Principalities had a population of 3,864,848.<sup id="cite_ref-analiza_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-analiza-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" border="5" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion and ethnic group</th> <th>number</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td align="right">3,638,749</td> <td align="right">94.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Jewish</a></td> <td align="right">134,168</td> <td align="right">3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Romania">Roman Catholic</a></td> <td align="right">45,152</td> <td align="right">1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Romania">Protestant</a></td> <td align="right">28,903</td> <td align="right">0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lipovans" title="Lipovans">Lipovans</a></td> <td align="right">8,375</td> <td align="right">0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenians_of_Romania" title="Armenians of Romania">Armenians</a></td> <td align="right">8,178</td> <td align="right">0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Romania" title="Islam in Romania">Muslim</a></td> <td align="right">1,323</td> <td align="right">0.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td align="right">3,864,848</td> <td align="right">100.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cities with more than 10,000 inhabitants, in 1859:<sup id="cite_ref-analiza_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-analiza-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Region </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></td> <td align="right">121,734</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Muntenia" title="Muntenia">Muntenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a></td> <td align="right">65,745</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Western_Moldavia" title="Western Moldavia">Moldavia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Izmail" title="Izmail">Izmail</a><sup><b>1</b></sup></td> <td align="right">31,779</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bessarabia" title="Southern Bessarabia">Southern Bessarabia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Boto%C8%99ani" title="Botoșani">Botoșani</a></td> <td align="right">27,147</td> <td align="left">Moldavia </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">5</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a></td> <td align="right">26,468</td> <td align="left">Muntenia </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">6</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a></td> <td align="right">26,050</td> <td align="left">Moldavia </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">7</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Craiova</a></td> <td align="right">21,521</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">8</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a></td> <td align="right">15,767</td> <td align="left">Muntenia </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">9</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2rlad" title="Bârlad">Bârlad</a></td> <td align="right">13,165</td> <td align="left">Moldavia </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">10</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Foc%C8%99ani" title="Focșani">Focșani</a></td> <td align="right">13,164</td> <td align="left">Moldavia </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">11</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hu%C8%99i" title="Huși">Huși</a></td> <td align="right">12,764</td> <td align="left">Moldavia </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">12</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Piatra_Neam%C8%9B" title="Piatra Neamț">Piatra Neamț</a></td> <td align="right">11,805</td> <td align="left">Moldavia </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">13</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Roman,_Romania" title="Roman, Romania">Roman</a></td> <td align="right">10,818</td> <td align="left">Moldavia </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">14</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Giurgiu" title="Giurgiu">Giurgiu</a></td> <td align="right">10,557</td> <td align="left">Muntenia </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>Notes: <b>1</b> - data for 1856.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Romania portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Old_Kingdom" title="Romanian Old Kingdom">Romanian Old Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-anuarul-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anuarul_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anuarul_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anuarul_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anuarul_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Anuarul Statistic al României 1937 si 1938</i> [<i><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Statistical_Yearbook" title="Romanian Statistical Yearbook">Romanian Statistical Yearbook</a></i>]. Bucharest: <a href="/wiki/INSSE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSSE">INSSE</a>. 1939. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anuarul+Statistic+al+Rom%C3%A2niei+1937+si+1938&rft.place=Bucharest&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=INSSE&rft.date=1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Principalities+of+Moldavia+and+Wallachia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-histnames-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-histnames_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzeltin2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Metzeltin, Michael (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411080323/https://www.philippide.ro/Identitate%20culturala_2006/207...223%20-%202006%20VOLUM%20METZELTIN%20bun.pdf">"Nume ale României: o istorie complexă"</a> [Names of Romania: a complex history] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Institutul de Filologie Română „A. Philippide” (ed.). <i>Identitatea culturală romanească în contextul integrării europene</i> [<i>Romanian cultural identity in the context of European integration</i>] (in Romanian). Editura Alfa Iași. pp. 207–223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789738953215" title="Special:BookSources/9789738953215"><bdi>9789738953215</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philippide.ro/Identitate%20culturala_2006/207...223%20-%202006%20VOLUM%20METZELTIN%20bun.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nume+ale+Rom%C3%A2niei%3A+o+istorie+complex%C4%83&rft.btitle=Identitatea+cultural%C4%83+romaneasc%C4%83+%C3%AEn+contextul+integr%C4%83rii+europene&rft.pages=207-223&rft.pub=Editura+Alfa+Ia%C8%99i&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789738953215&rft.aulast=Metzeltin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philippide.ro%2FIdentitate%2520culturala_2006%2F207...223%2520-%25202006%2520VOLUM%2520METZELTIN%2520bun.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Principalities+of+Moldavia+and+Wallachia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6ygCAAAAYAAJ/page/n23">Histoire du congrès de Paris</a>, Edouard Gourdon (1857)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoia2001" class="citation book cs1">Boia, Lucian (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHTN-TQkd3cC&pg=PA79"><i>Romania: Borderland of Europe</i></a>. Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781861891037" title="Special:BookSources/9781861891037"><bdi>9781861891037</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romania%3A+Borderland+of+Europe&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781861891037&rft.aulast=Boia&rft.aufirst=Lucian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzHTN-TQkd3cC%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Principalities+of+Moldavia+and+Wallachia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/File:Mihai_1600.png" title="File:Mihai 1600.png">map of principalities</a>, Principalities under Michael the Brave</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Principalities-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Principalities_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Principalities_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJelavichJelavich2012" class="citation book cs1">Jelavich, Charles; Jelavich, Barbara (20 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LBYriPYyfUoC&pg=PA114"><i>The establishment of the Balkan national states, 1804–1920</i></a>. University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295803609" title="Special:BookSources/9780295803609"><bdi>9780295803609</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+establishment+of+the+Balkan+national+states%2C+1804%E2%80%931920&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2012-09-20&rft.isbn=9780295803609&rft.aulast=Jelavich&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Jelavich%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLBYriPYyfUoC%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Principalities+of+Moldavia+and+Wallachia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKremnitz" class="citation book cs1">Kremnitz, Mite. <i>Reminiscences of the King of Roumania</i>. pp. 317–318.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reminiscences+of+the+King+of+Roumania&rft.pages=317-318&rft.aulast=Kremnitz&rft.aufirst=Mite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Principalities+of+Moldavia+and+Wallachia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610212008/https://editiadedimineata.ro/regele-carol-asa-cum-l-au-descris-cativa-dintre-cei-care-l-au-cunoscut/">"Regele Carol I, așa cum l-au descris câțiva dintre cei care l-au cunoscut - Editia de Dimineata"</a>. 2021-06-10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://editiadedimineata.ro/regele-carol-asa-cum-l-au-descris-cativa-dintre-cei-care-l-au-cunoscut/">the original</a> on 2021-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regele+Carol+I%2C+a%C8%99a+cum+l-au+descris+c%C3%A2%C8%9Biva+dintre+cei+care+l-au+cunoscut+-+Editia+de+Dimineata&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feditiadedimineata.ro%2Fregele-carol-asa-cum-l-au-descris-cativa-dintre-cei-care-l-au-cunoscut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Principalities+of+Moldavia+and+Wallachia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Charta_Principateloru_Unite_ale_Rom%C3%A2niei">Source</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> Map: <a class="external autonumber" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Charta_Principateloru_Unite_ale_Rom%C3%A2niei">[1]</a> & Encyclopedic book <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bmim.muzeulbucurestiului.ro/fisiere/21-Bucuresti-Materiale-de-Istorie-si-Muzeografie-XXI-2007_061.pdf">O lucrare enciclopedica despre Romania, aparuta in primii ani de domnie ai lui Carol I</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-analiza-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-analiza_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-analiza_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColescu1944" class="citation book cs1">Colescu, Leonida (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://omeka.bjc.ro/omeka/files/original/23/1264/BJAman_T_II_3.030.1.pdf"><i>Analiza Rezultatelor Recensământului General al Populației României dela 1899</i></a> [<i>Analysis of the Results of the General Census of the Romanian Population from 1899</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bucharest: <a href="/wiki/INSSE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSSE">INSSE</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analiza+Rezultatelor+Recens%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului+General+al+Popula%C8%9Biei+Rom%C3%A2niei+dela+1899&rft.place=Bucharest&rft.pub=INSSE&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Colescu&rft.aufirst=Leonida&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fomeka.bjc.ro%2Fomeka%2Ffiles%2Foriginal%2F23%2F1264%2FBJAman_T_II_3.030.1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Principalities+of+Moldavia+and+Wallachia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924087904656">"Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people"</a>. London [etc.] : W. and R. Chambers. 8 January 1860. p. 649 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chambers%27s+encyclopaedia%3B+a+dictionary+of+universal+knowledge+for+the+people&rft.pages=649&rft.pub=London+%5Betc.%5D+%3A+W.+and+R.+Chambers&rft.date=1860-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924087904656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Principalities+of+Moldavia+and+Wallachia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Hitchins" title="Keith Hitchins">Keith Hitchins</a>, <i>The Romanians, 1774–1866</i> (1996) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/59535292/the-romanians-1774-1866">online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Dimitrie_Alexandru_Sturdza_-_Europa,_Rusia_%C8%99i_Rom%C3%A2nia_-_Studiu_etnic_%C8%99i_politic.pdf" title="File:Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza - Europa, Rusia și România - Studiu etnic și politic.pdf">Europa, Rusia si Romania</a>, Ethnic and Political Studies, D. A. Sturdza, 1890 <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Romanian_history" title="Timeline of Romanian history">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Romania" title="Timeline of ancient Romania">ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Romania">Prehistoric Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Romania">Early Modern Era</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Principalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Communist Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Since 1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Romania" title="Climate of Romania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Romania" title="List of earthquakes in Romania">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Romania" title="Fauna of Romania">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Romania" title="Flora of Romania">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_Romania" title="Historical regions of Romania">Historical regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Romania" title="List of islands of Romania">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Romania" title="List of lakes of Romania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Romania" title="List of mountains in Romania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Romania" title="Protected areas of Romania">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Romania" title="List of rivers of Romania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Romania" title="Territorial evolution of Romania">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Romania" title="Topography of Romania">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Romania" title="Human rights in Romania">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Romania">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Romania" title="Judiciary of Romania">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Romania">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Romanian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Romanian General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification with Moldova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Romania" title="Agriculture in Romania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Romania" title="Energy in Romania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Romania" title="List of exports of Romania">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Romania" title="Foreign direct investment in Romania">Foreign investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Romania" title="Foreign trade of Romania">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Romania" title="Forestry in Romania">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Romania" title="Great Depression in Romania">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Romania" title="Industry of Romania">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania">automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Romania" title="Mining industry of Romania">mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry_in_Romania" title="Petrochemical industry in Romania">petrochemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Leu <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_property_bubble" title="Romanian property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Romania" title="Science and technology in Romania">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_in_Romania" title="Services in Romania">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Romania" title="Squatting in Romania">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Stock_Exchange" title="Bucharest Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Romania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Romania" title="Tourism in Romania">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Romania" title="Transport in Romania">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Romania" title="Category:Society of Romania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Romania" title="Crime in Romania">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Romania" title="Healthcare in Romania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Romania" title="Languages of Romania">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Romania" title="Minorities in Romania">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Romania" title="Prostitution in Romania">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Romania" title="Public holidays in Romania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Romania" title="Racism in Romania">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Romania" title="Refugees in Romania">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Gypsies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_Romania" title="Social structure of Romania">Social structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Romania" title="Welfare in Romania">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_architecture" title="Romanian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_art" title="Romanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Romania" title="Folklore of Romania">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_humour" title="Romanian humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_literature" title="Romanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Romania" title="Mass media in Romania">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_philosophy" title="Romanian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Romania" title="Sport in Romania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Romania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Romania">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romania" title="Category:Romania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Independent_and_autonomous_principalities_created_or_recognized_by_the_Congress_of_Berlin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Principalities_declared_independent_and_autonomous_after_the_Congress_of_Berlin" title="Template:Principalities declared independent and autonomous after the Congress of Berlin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Principalities_declared_independent_and_autonomous_after_the_Congress_of_Berlin" title="Template talk:Principalities declared independent and autonomous after the Congress of Berlin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Principalities_declared_independent_and_autonomous_after_the_Congress_of_Berlin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Principalities declared independent and autonomous after the Congress of Berlin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Independent_and_autonomous_principalities_created_or_recognized_by_the_Congress_of_Berlin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomous</a> <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principalities</a> created or recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Montenegro"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></span> (fully recognized)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romania</a> (recognised)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia"><img alt="Principality of Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Serbia</a> (recognised)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958291#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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