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<span>Distilled</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distilled-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumption_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumption_by_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Consumption by region</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Consumption_by_region-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Consumption by region subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Consumption_by_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia_and_Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia_and_Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Indonesia and Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia_and_Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Other areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumption_by_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumption_by_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Consumption by animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumption_by_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Palm wine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="لاقبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاقبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuak" title="Tuak – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tuak" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пальмавае віно – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пальмавае віно" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="ताड़ी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ताड़ी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_de_palma" title="Vi de palma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vi de palma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmov%C3%A9_v%C3%ADno" title="Palmové víno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palmové víno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bam" title="Bam – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Bam" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmwein" title="Palmwein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Palmwein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7" title="ރުކުރާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރުކުރާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino_de_palma" title="Vino de palma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vino de palma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmovino" title="Palmovino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Palmovino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin_de_palme" title="Vin de palme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vin de palme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%9E%90%EC%88%A0" title="야자술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야자술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="ताड़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ताड़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmanya_nkw%E1%BB%A5" title="Mmanya nkwụ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmanya nkwụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuak_nira" title="Tuak nira – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tuak nira" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injemane" title="Injemane – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Injemane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino_di_palma" title="Vino di palma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vino di palma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciu_palem" title="Ciu palem – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ciu palem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1" title="ಹೆಂಡ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೆಂಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="პალმის ღვინო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პალმის ღვინო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Тодди – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тодди" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuo" title="Tuo – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Tuo" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ns%C3%A1mb%C3%A1" title="Nsámbá – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nsámbá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D" title="കള്ള് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കള്ള്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="ताडी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ताडी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نبيت النخيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نبيت النخيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="ထန်းရည် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ထန်းရည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmwijn" title="Palmwijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Palmwijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B7%E9%85%92" title="ヤシ酒 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤシ酒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmevin" title="Palmevin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Palmevin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmevin" title="Palmevin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Palmevin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wino_palmowe" title="Wino palmowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wino palmowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinho_de_palma" title="Vinho de palma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vinho de palma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пальмовое вино – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пальмовое вино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F_(%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA)" title="රා (පානය) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රා (පානය)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Palm wine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmovo_vino" title="Palmovo vino – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Palmovo vino" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmuviini" title="Palmuviini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palmuviini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmvin" title="Palmvin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Palmvin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కల్లు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కల్లు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕಲಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пальмове вино – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пальмове вино" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_d%E1%BB%ABa" title="Rượu dừa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rượu dừa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E6%AB%9A%E9%85%92" title="棕櫚酒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="棕櫚酒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E6%A6%88%E9%85%92" title="棕榈酒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="棕榈酒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Palm wine" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q839492#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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sap</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Palm wine (disambiguation)">Palm wine (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn ingredient">Palm wine</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Toddy_Bottle_and_Glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Toddy_Bottle_and_Glass.jpg/220px-Toddy_Bottle_and_Glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Toddy_Bottle_and_Glass.jpg/330px-Toddy_Bottle_and_Glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Toddy_Bottle_and_Glass.jpg/440px-Toddy_Bottle_and_Glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bottles and a glass of palm wine</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Alcoholic beverage</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Country of origin </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Palm wine</b>, known by several <a href="#Names">local names</a>, is an alcoholic beverage created from the <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a> of various species of <a href="/wiki/Palm_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm tree">palm trees</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Borassus" title="Borassus">palmyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Date_palms" class="mw-redirect" title="Date palms">date palms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> palms.<sup id="cite_ref-jak_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jak-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is known by various names in different regions and is common in various parts of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>. </p><p>Palm wine production by smallholders and individual farmers may promote conservation as palm trees become a source of regular household income that may economically be worth more than the value of timber sold.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). (January 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tapping">Tapping</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tapping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toddy00_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Toddy00_crop.jpg/140px-Toddy00_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Toddy00_crop.jpg/210px-Toddy00_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Toddy00_crop.jpg/280px-Toddy00_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="1174" /></a><figcaption>Toddy collectors at work on <i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_nucifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos nucifera">Cocos nucifera</a></i> palms</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timor_palm_wine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Timor_palm_wine.jpg/170px-Timor_palm_wine.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Timor_palm_wine.jpg/255px-Timor_palm_wine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Timor_palm_wine.jpg/340px-Timor_palm_wine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tapping palm sap in <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The sap is extracted and collected by a tapper. Typically the sap is collected from the cut flower of the palm tree. A container is fastened to the flower stump to collect the sap. The white liquid that initially collects tends to be very sweet and non-<a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic</a> before it is <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermented</a>. An alternative method is the felling of the entire tree. Where this is practised, a fire is sometimes lit at the cut end to facilitate the collection of sap. </p><p>Palm sap begins fermenting immediately after collection, due to natural <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeasts</a> in the air (often spurred by residual yeast left in the collecting container). Within two hours, fermentation yields an aromatic wine of up to 4% alcohol content, mildly <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">intoxicating</a> and sweet. The wine may be allowed to ferment longer, up to a day, to yield a stronger, more sour, and acidic taste, which some people prefer. Longer fermentation produces vinegar instead of stronger wine.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distilled">Distilled</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distilled"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palm wine may be <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distilled</a> to create a stronger drink, which goes by different names depending on the region (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Arrack_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrack (drink)">arrack</a></i>, <i>palm <a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">feni</a></i>, <i><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/sopi" class="extiw" title="id:sopi">sopi</a></i>, <i>village gin</i>, <i>charayam</i>, and <i>country whiskey</i>). </p><p>In Nigeria, this is commonly called palm wine. In southwestern Nigeria and some parts of Cameroon, it is also known as <i>Emu</i> or <i>Matango</i>. In both Congos, it is called <i>nsámbá</i>. In parts of southern <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, distilled palm wine is called <i><a href="/wiki/Akpeteshie" title="Akpeteshie">akpeteshi</a></i> or <i>burukutu</i>. In Togo and Benin, it is called <i>sodabe</i>, while in Tunisia it is called <i>lagmi</i>. In coastal parts of Kenya, it is known as <i>mnazi</i>. In India, it is called <i>toddy</i>. In Ivory Coast, it is called <i>koutoukou</i>. </p><p>In the Philippines, the most common distilled palm liquor is <i><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">lambanog</a></i> which is made from aged <i><a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A2" title="Tubâ">tubâ</a></i>. It has very high <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a>, at 40 to 45% <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">abv</a> (80 to 90 <a href="/wiki/Proof_(alcohol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proof (alcohol)">proof</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Sanchez_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumption_by_region">Consumption by region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Consumption by region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Refreshing_palm_wine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Refreshing_palm_wine.jpg/220px-Refreshing_palm_wine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Refreshing_palm_wine.jpg/330px-Refreshing_palm_wine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Refreshing_palm_wine.jpg/440px-Refreshing_palm_wine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Palm wine is collected, fermented, and stored in <a href="/wiki/Calabash" title="Calabash">calabashes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bandundu_Province" title="Bandundu Province">Bandundu Province</a>, Democratic Republic of the Congo (c. 1990)</figcaption></figure> <p>In Africa, the sap used to create palm wine is most often taken from wild <a href="/wiki/Date_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Date (fruit)">date palms</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_sylvestris" title="Phoenix sylvestris">silver date palm</a> (<i>Phoenix sylvestris</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Borassus" title="Borassus">palmyra</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">jaggery</a> palm (<i><a href="/wiki/Caryota_urens" title="Caryota urens">Caryota urens</a></i>), or <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">oil</a> palm such as the <a href="/wiki/African_Oil_Palm" class="mw-redirect" title="African Oil Palm">African Oil Palm</a> (<i>Elaeis guineense</i>) or from <i><a href="/wiki/Raffia_palm" title="Raffia palm">Raffia palms</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kithul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kithul (page does not exist)">kithul</a></i> palms, or <i><a href="/wiki/Nypa_fruticans" title="Nypa fruticans">nipa</a></i> palms. In part of the central and western <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, palm wine is called <i>malafu</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calebasse1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of Calabash for palm wine storage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Calebasse1.jpg/220px-Calebasse1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Calebasse1.jpg/330px-Calebasse1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Calebasse1.jpg/440px-Calebasse1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Image of Calabash for palm wine storage</figcaption></figure> <p>Palm wine plays an important role in many ceremonies in many tribes and nations of Nigeria such as among the <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a> peoples, and elsewhere in <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">Western Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guests at weddings, birth celebrations, funerals, and gatherings to observe important festivals and holidays are served in generous quantities. Palm wine is often infused with medicinal herbs to remedy a wide variety of physical complaints. As a token of respect to deceased ancestors, many drinking sessions begin with a small amount of palm wine spilled on the ground (<i>Kulosa malafu</i> in <a href="/wiki/Kituba_language" title="Kituba language">Kikongo ya Leta</a>). Palm wine is enjoyed by men and women, although women usually drink it in less public venues. </p><p>In parts of southeastern Nigeria, namely Igboland, palm wine is locally referred to as "mmanya ocha" (literally, "white drink"), with "ngwo" and "nkwu" variants. It plays a very important role in traditional Igbo settings. In Urualla, for instance, and other "ideato" towns, it is the drink of choice for traditional weddings. A young man who is going for the first introduction at his in-laws’ house is required to bring palm wine with him. There are varying gallons of palm wine required, depending on the customs of the different regions in Igboland. This culture can be observed similarly in the neighboring north-western regions of Cameroon. (North West Region).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poyo is a fermented drink made in Sierra Leone from various species of palm trees. In Sierra Leone, poyo plays an important role among the local people. According to the Limbas people, one of the oldest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, he who brings poyo brings life. It is served at weddings, birth celebrations and funeral wakes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are four types of palm wine in the central and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo. From the oil palm comes <i>ngasi</i>, <i>dibondo</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Raffia_palm" title="Raffia palm">raffia palm</a>, <i>cocoti</i> from the coconut palm, and <i>mahusu</i> from a short palm that grows in the savannah areas of western <a href="/wiki/Bandundu_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandundu (province)">Bandundu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kasai_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasai region">Kasai</a> provinces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toddy-tapper_climbing_a_toddy_palm_1785.jpg_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Toddy-tapper_climbing_a_toddy_palm_1785.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Toddy-tapper_climbing_a_toddy_palm_1785.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Toddy-tapper_climbing_a_toddy_palm_1785.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Toddy-tapper_climbing_a_toddy_palm_1785.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Toddy-tapper_climbing_a_toddy_palm_1785.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Toddy-tapper climbing a toddy palm in <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>, ca. 1785</figcaption></figure><p> In <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian countries</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> palms and <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmyra palm">Palmyra palms</a> such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Borassus" title="Borassus">Borassus</a></i> are preferred. It is mainly produced from the lala palm (<i><a href="/wiki/Hyphaene_coriacea" title="Hyphaene coriacea">Hyphaene coriacea</a></i>) by cutting the stem and collecting the sap. In some areas of India, palm wine is <a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">evaporated</a> to produce the unrefined sugar called <a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">jaggery</a>.</p><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toddy_tapper_(India).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Toddy_tapper_%28India%29.jpg/170px-Toddy_tapper_%28India%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Toddy_tapper_%28India%29.jpg/255px-Toddy_tapper_%28India%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Toddy_tapper_%28India%29.jpg/340px-Toddy_tapper_%28India%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A toddy tapper in the state of <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> selling toddy (2014)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palm_Wine_Drawers_1870_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Palm_Wine_Drawers_1870_India.jpg/220px-Palm_Wine_Drawers_1870_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Palm_Wine_Drawers_1870_India.jpg/330px-Palm_Wine_Drawers_1870_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Palm_Wine_Drawers_1870_India.jpg/440px-Palm_Wine_Drawers_1870_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption>Toddy Drawer in India, 1870</figcaption></figure> <p>In parts of India, the unfermented sap is called <i><a href="/wiki/Neera" title="Neera">neera</a></i> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">patanīr</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>) and is refrigerated, stored, and distributed by semi-government agencies. A small amount of <a href="/wiki/Lime_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime (mineral)">lime</a> (calcium hydroxide) is added to the sap to prevent it from fermenting. <i>Neera</i>, similar to fruit juice products, is relatively rich in potassium. </p><p>In India, palm wine or toddy is served as either <i><a href="/wiki/Neera" title="Neera">neera</a></i> or <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">patanīr</i></span> (a sweet, non-alcoholic beverage derived from fresh sap) or <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Indic languages language) transliteration"><i lang="inc-Latn">kallu</i></span> (a sour beverage made from fermented sap, but not as strong as wine).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palm sap contains natural yeasts, which perform the fermentation of glucose to alcohol, as well as <a href="/wiki/Acetobacter" title="Acetobacter">acetobacter</a>, which subsequently converts the alcohol to acetic acid (vinegar). The optimal consumption time is one day after tapping when the vinegar content is minimal; beyond this time, it becomes increasingly sour. Some palm wine drinkers prefer their beverage more sour than usual, but fermenting for too long will result in vinegar rather than wine. Refrigeration extends beverage life, as do a variety of spices, which also contribute to flavor. </p><p>In India, palm wine is usually available at <a href="/wiki/Toddy_shop" title="Toddy shop">toddy shops</a> (known as <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Malayalam language) transliteration"><i lang="ml-Latn">kallu śāp</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">kallu kaḍai</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Indic languages language) transliteration"><i lang="inc-Latn">kalita gaḍaṅg</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a>, <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">kallu dukānaṁ</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Kannada language) transliteration"><i lang="kn-Latn">kallu aṅgaḍi</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>). In <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, this beverage is currently banned, though the legality fluctuates with politics. In the absence of legal toddy, <a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">moonshine</a> distillers of arrack often sell <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>-contaminated alcohol, which can have lethal consequences. To discourage this practice, authorities have pushed for inexpensive "<a href="/wiki/Indian_Made_Foreign_Liquor" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Made Foreign Liquor">Indian Made Foreign Liquor</a>" (IMFL). </p><p>In the states of <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, and Andhra Pradesh (India), toddy is a popular drink in rural parts that is frequently consumed at the end of the day after work. </p><p>There are two main types of toddy (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">kallu</i></span>) in the states of <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> and Andhra Pradesh, namely <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">taḍi kallu</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>: తాటికల్లు) (from <a href="/wiki/Borassus_flabellifer" title="Borassus flabellifer">Toddy Palmyra</a> trees) and <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">īta kallu</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>: ఈతకల్లు) (from <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_sylvestris" title="Phoenix sylvestris">silver date palms</a>). <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">Īta kallu</i></span> is very sweet and less intoxicating, whereas <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">taḍi kallu</i></span> is stronger (sweet in the morning, becoming sour to bitter-sour in the evening) and is highly intoxicating. People enjoy <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">kallu</i></span> right at the trees where it is brought down. They drink out of leaves by holding them to their mouths while the Goud pours the <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">kallu</i></span> from the <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">biṅki</i></span> (kallu pot). There are different types of toddy according to the season: <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">poḍḍataḍu</i></span>, <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">parpuḍtaḍu</i></span>, <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">paṇḍuḍtaḍu</i></span>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>In the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, toddy is used in leavening (as a substitute for yeast) a local form of <a href="/wiki/Appam" title="Appam">hopper</a> called the <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Malayalam language) transliteration"><i lang="ml-Latn">vellayappam</i></span>. Toddy is mixed with rice dough and left overnight to aid in fermentation and expansion of the dough causing the dough to rise overnight, making the bread soft when prepared. </p><p>In Kerala, toddy is sold under a license issued by the excise department and it is an industry having more than 50,000 employees with a welfare board under the labor department. It is also used in the preparation of a soft variety of <a href="/wiki/Sanna_(dish)" title="Sanna (dish)">Sanna</a>, which is famous in the parts of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> in India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia_and_Malaysia">Indonesia and Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Indonesia and Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_palmwijnverkoper_en_een_inheemse_soldaat_TMnr_3728-732.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_palmwijnverkoper_en_een_inheemse_soldaat_TMnr_3728-732.jpg/170px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_palmwijnverkoper_en_een_inheemse_soldaat_TMnr_3728-732.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_palmwijnverkoper_en_een_inheemse_soldaat_TMnr_3728-732.jpg/255px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_palmwijnverkoper_en_een_inheemse_soldaat_TMnr_3728-732.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_palmwijnverkoper_en_een_inheemse_soldaat_TMnr_3728-732.jpg/340px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_palmwijnverkoper_en_een_inheemse_soldaat_TMnr_3728-732.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Lithograph of a palm wine vendor and a native <a href="/wiki/KNIL" class="mw-redirect" title="KNIL">KNIL</a> soldier consuming tuak (1854)</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Tuak</i>, which can refer to both palm wine and <a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">rice wine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is imbibed in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> of Indonesia and parts of Malaysia such as <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a>. The beverage is a popular drink among the <a href="/wiki/Kadazan-Dusun" title="Kadazan-Dusun">Kadazan-Dusun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Ibans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayaks</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Gawai_Dayak" title="Gawai Dayak">Gawai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaamatan" title="Kaamatan">Kaamatan</a> festivals, weddings, hosting of guests, and other special occasions. The <a href="/wiki/Batak_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak people">Batak people</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a> also consume palm wine,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with palm sap mixed with raru bark to make Tuak. The brew is served at stalls along with snacks.<sup id="cite_ref-jak_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jak-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same word is used for other drinks in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, for example, those made using fermented rice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuba_Colima.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tuba_Colima.JPG/170px-Tuba_Colima.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tuba_Colima.JPG/255px-Tuba_Colima.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tuba_Colima.JPG/340px-Tuba_Colima.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><i>Tuba fresca</i> from <a href="/wiki/Colima" title="Colima">Colima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>; a non-alcoholic drink made from coconut sap derived from <a href="/wiki/Philippine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine">Philippine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A2" title="Tubâ">tubâ</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Mexican <i>tuba</i> made from coconut sap is common in western <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, especially in the states of <a href="/wiki/Colima" title="Colima">Colima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a>. <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconuts</a> are not native to the Americas. They were introduced to Mexico from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Galleons" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Galleons">Manila Galleons</a> to <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>, along with <i>tuba</i> manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-Astudillo-Melgar_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astudillo-Melgar-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Veneracion_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veneracion-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mercene_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercene-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mexican <i>tuba</i> is made in the same way as Filipino <i><a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A2" title="Tubâ">tubâ</a></i>. The traditional sap collectors are known as <i>tuberos</i> (which also means "<a href="/wiki/Plumber" title="Plumber">plumber</a>" in both Mexico and the Philippines). It became so popular that in 1619, Captain Sebastian de Piñeda wrote to King <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a> complaining about the Filipino "<i><a href="/wiki/Filipinos#Names" title="Filipinos">Indio</a></i>" settlers in <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Nueva España">Nueva España</a> who were causing significant loss of profits to <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberian</a> alcohol exporters due to <i>tuba</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbs1912_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibbs1912-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mexican <i>tuba</i> is also commonly sold as <i>tuba fresca</i>, a non-alcoholic version made from fresh coconut sap. It is traditionally sold by street vendors in large <a href="/wiki/Bottle_gourd" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottle gourd">bottle gourds</a> mixed with <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">coconut milk</a>, ice, and sugar. It is usually topped with peanuts and diced fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A2" title="Tubâ">Tubâ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:190px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahalina-coconut-wine-1471976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bahalina-coconut-wine-1471976.jpg/107px-Bahalina-coconut-wine-1471976.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bahalina-coconut-wine-1471976.jpg/161px-Bahalina-coconut-wine-1471976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bahalina-coconut-wine-1471976.jpg/214px-Bahalina-coconut-wine-1471976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3568" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:59px;max-width:59px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:190px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambanog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Lambanog.jpg/57px-Lambanog.jpg" decoding="async" width="57" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Lambanog.jpg/86px-Lambanog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Lambanog.jpg/114px-Lambanog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippine</a> palm wines: <b>left:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">bahalina</a></i>; <b>right</b>: bubblegum-flavoured <i><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">lambanog</a></i></div></div></div></div> <p>Palm wines are widely consumed in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and are part of the traditional palm vinegar industry. They are gathered mostly from <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa palm">nipa palms</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaong palm">kaong palms</a>. Palm wines fermented for a few days to a few weeks are generally referred to as <a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">tubâ</a>. There are two notable traditional derivations of tubâ with higher alcohol contents. The first is <a href="/wiki/Distilled" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled">distilled</a> <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">liquor</a>, generally known as <i><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">lambanog</a></i> (coconut) and <i><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">laksoy</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa palm">nipa palm</a>). They are milky white to clear in colour. The second is the <i><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">bahalina</a></i> which is typically deep brown-orange due to the use of bark extracts from the mangrove <i><a href="/wiki/Ceriops_tagal" title="Ceriops tagal">Ceriops tagal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanchez_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other types of palm wines indigenous to the islands include subtypes of tubâ like <i><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">tuhak</a></i> or <i>tubâ sa hidikup</i> which is made from <a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaong palm">kaong palm</a> sap, and <i><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">tunggang</a></i> which is made from <a href="/wiki/Fishtail_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishtail palm">fishtail palm</a> sap.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanchez_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the island of <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a> in the central Philippines, the red <i>tubâ</i> is aged with the <a href="/wiki/Tanbark" title="Tanbark">tanbark</a> for up to six months to two years, until it gets dark red, and tapping its glass container gives off a deep hollow sound. This type of <i>tubâ</i> is called <i>bahal</i> (for <i>tubâ</i> aged this way for up to six months) and <i>bahalina</i> (for <i>tubâ</i> aged thus for up to a year or more). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Production of palm wine may have contributed to the endangered status of the <a href="/wiki/Jubaea" title="Jubaea">Chilean wine palm</a> (<i>Jubaea chilensis</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_areas">Other areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, the process of making toddy can be seen with tapped palm trees that line <a href="/wiki/Funafuti_International_Airport" title="Funafuti International Airport">Funafuti International Airport</a>. In Kiribati, it is called Karewe and freshly tapped sap from coconut spathe is used as a refreshing drink and the fermented sap is used as an alcoholic beverage. Karewe is boiled to reduce into a thick light brown liquid, called <i>kamwaimwai</i>, used as a sweetener and spread. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumption_by_animals">Consumption by animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Consumption by animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some small <a href="/wiki/Pollinating" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollinating">pollinating</a> mammals consume large amounts of fermented palm nectar as part of their diet, especially the Southeast Asian <a href="/wiki/Pen-tailed_treeshrew" title="Pen-tailed treeshrew">pen-tailed treeshrew</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescences</a> of the bertam palm contain populations of <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> that ferment the nectar in the flowers to up to 3.8% alcohol (average: 0.6%). The treeshrews metabolise the alcohol very efficiently and do not appear to become drunk from the fermented nectar.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Megabats" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabats">Megabats</a> have been known to drink from containers of harvested palm sap and then urinate into the containers, leading to the transmission of the <a href="/wiki/Nipah_virus_infection#Prevention" title="Nipah virus infection">Nipah virus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a variety of regional names for palm wine: </p> <table style="float:left;" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f99;"> <th>State / Territory / Region</th> <th>Name used </th></tr> <tr> <td>Algeria</td> <td>لاقمي <i>lāgmi</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bangladesh</td> <td>তাড়ি <i>taṛi</i>, তাড়ু <i>taṛu</i>, tuak<sup id="cite_ref-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benin</td> <td><i>sodavi</i> (distilled), <i>sodabe</i>, <i>atan</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cambodia</td> <td><i>tek tnaot chu</i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ទឹកត្នោតជូរ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cameroon</td> <td><i>mimbo</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>matango</i>, <i>mbuh</i>, <i>palm wine</i>, <i>tumbu liquor</i>, <i>vin de palme</i>, miluh </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central America</td> <td><i>vino de coyol</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>People's Republic of China</td> <td>棕榈酒 <i>zōng lǘ jiǔ</i><sup id="cite_ref-English-Chinese_Translation_of_"palm_wine"_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English-Chinese_Translation_of_"palm_wine"-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Democratic Republic of the Congo</td> <td><i>malafu ya ngasi</i> (Kikongo), <i>masanga ya mbila</i> (Lingala), <i>vin de palme</i> (French) </td></tr> <tr> <td>East Timor</td> <td><i>tuaka</i>, <i>tua mutin</i>, brandy is called <i>tua sabu</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Equatorial Guinea </td> <td><i>topé</i> (most widespread name), also called <i>bahú</i> in the north and <i>mahú</i> in the south<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gabon</td> <td><i>toutou</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gambia</td> <td><i>singer</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ghana</td> <td><i>doka</i>, <i>nsafufuo</i>, <i>palm wine</i>, <i>yabra</i>, <i>dεha</i>, <i>tér daññ</i>, <i>Akpeteshi (when it is further distilled)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guam</td> <td><i>tuba</i> (originated from the Philippines) </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Toddy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Toddy (disambiguation)">Toddy</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <br /> கள்ளு <i>kaḷḷu</i> in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> <br /> കള്ള് <i>kaḷḷŭ</i> in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a> <br /> ಕಳ್ಳು <i>kaḷḷu</i> or <i>sendi</i> in <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> <br /> <i>kali</i> in <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a> <br /> తాటి కల్లు <i>tāṭi kallu</i> in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> <br /> Tadi in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> <br /> তাড়ি <i>taṛi</i> in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> <br /> <i>sur</i> in <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> <br />Tadi in <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indonesia</td> <td><i>arak</i><sup id="cite_ref-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>tuak</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Batak_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak (Indonesia)">Batak</a> region, <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>: <i>lapo tuak</i>. In South Sulawesi (especially in Tana Toraja): <i>ballo</i>. In North Sulawesi: <i>saguer</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ivory Coast</td> <td><i>bandji</i>, <i>koutoukou</i> (when it is further distilled) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kenya</td> <td><i>mnazi</i> (which means coconut palm in <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Mijikenda</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kiribati</td> <td><i>karewe</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Libya</td> <td>لاقبي <i>lāgbi</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="arz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">[ˈlaːɡbi]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Madagascar</td> <td><i>soura</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malaysia</td> <td><i>nira</i> (Malay for fresh juice obtained from the blossom of the coconut, palm or sugar-palm, which can be made into sugar or the said palm wine, which is also known as <i>tuak</i><sup id="cite_ref-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <i>toddy</i> (English), <i>bahar</i> (Kadazan/Dusun), <i>goribon</i> (Rungus), <i>tuba</i> (Borneo) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maldives</td> <td>ދޯރާ،ރުކުރާ،މީރާ (<i>dōrā</i>, <i>rukurā</i>, <i>mīrā)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mali</td> <td><i>bandji</i>, <i>sibiji</i>, <i>chimichama</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marianas</td> <td><i>tuba</i> (originated from the Philippines) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mexico</td> <td><i>tuba</i> (garnished with peanuts, originated from the Philippines) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Myanmar</td> <td>ထန်းရည် <i>htan yay</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Namibia</td> <td><i>omulunga</i>, <i>palm-wine</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nauru</td> <td><i>demangi</i><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nepal</td> <td>tāri <i>तारि</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nigeria</td> <td><i>palm-wine</i>, <i>palmy</i>, <i>ukọt nsuñ</i>, <i>mmin efik</i>, <i>emu</i>, <i>oguro</i>, <i>tombo liquor</i>, <i>mmanya ngwo</i>, <i>nkwu enu</i>, <i>nkwu ocha</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Papua New Guinea</td> <td><i>segero</i>, <i>tuak</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philippines</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A2" title="Tubâ">tubâ</a></i> (general term for fermented and unfermented palm sap), <i><a href="/wiki/Lamban%C3%B3g" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambanóg">lambanóg</a></i> (distilled coconut sap, also <i>vino de coco</i>, <i>dalisay de coco</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">laksoy</a></i> (distilled <a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa palm">nipa palm</a> sap, also <i>dalisay de nipa</i>, <i>barik</i>), <i>bahalina</i> or <i>bahal</i> (aged <i>tubâ</i> with mangrove bark extracts), <i>tuhak</i> or <i>tubâ sa hidikup</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arenga_pinnata" title="Arenga pinnata">sugar palm</a> wine), <i>tunggang</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fishtail_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishtail palm">fishtail palm</a> wine), <i>dalisay</i> (general term for distilled palm liquor) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seychelles</td> <td><i>kalou</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sierra Leone</td> <td><i>poyo</i>, <i>mampama</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Africa</td> <td><i>ubusulu</i>, <i>injemane</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sri Lanka</td> <td>රා <i>rā</i> (Sinhala), கள்ளு <i>kaḷḷu</i> (Tamil), <i>panam culloo</i><sup id="cite_ref-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tanzania</td> <td><i>pómbe</i> (which means alcohol) or <i>tembo</i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thailand</td> <td><i>kache (กะแช่)</i>, <i>namtanmao (น้ำตาลเมา)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tunisia</td> <td>لاقمي <i>lāgmi</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tuvalu</td> <td><i>kaleve</i> (unfermented), <i>kao</i> (fermented), or in English, <i>toddy</i> (unfermented), <i>sour toddy</i> (fermented) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vietnam</td> <td><i>rượu dừa</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular_fermented_foods_and_beverages_in_South-east_Asia-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>a</sup> <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>.<br /><sup>b</sup> <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>.</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kom_van_kalebas_voor_het_drinken_van_palmwijn_TMnr_A-1053.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bowl for tuak drinking made from a gourd (late 19th century)"><img alt="Bowl for tuak drinking made from a gourd (late 19th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kom_van_kalebas_voor_het_drinken_van_palmwijn_TMnr_A-1053.jpg/120px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kom_van_kalebas_voor_het_drinken_van_palmwijn_TMnr_A-1053.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kom_van_kalebas_voor_het_drinken_van_palmwijn_TMnr_A-1053.jpg/180px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kom_van_kalebas_voor_het_drinken_van_palmwijn_TMnr_A-1053.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kom_van_kalebas_voor_het_drinken_van_palmwijn_TMnr_A-1053.jpg/240px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kom_van_kalebas_voor_het_drinken_van_palmwijn_TMnr_A-1053.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bowl for tuak drinking made from a gourd (late 19th century)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_tappen_van_een_arenpalm_op_Ambon_Molukken._TMnr_60013217.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tapping the sap of the immature flower flasks in "arènpalm" (Arenga pinnata), one of the palms used to make palm wine, in Ambon, Moluccas (1919). The wine was called toewak (Dutch), tuak or sagoweer (saguer). The fresh sap, "sugar water", was also so drunk."><img alt="Tapping the sap of the immature flower flasks in "arènpalm" (Arenga pinnata), one of the palms used to make palm wine, in Ambon, Moluccas (1919). The wine was called toewak (Dutch), tuak or sagoweer (saguer). The fresh sap, "sugar water", was also so drunk." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_tappen_van_een_arenpalm_op_Ambon_Molukken._TMnr_60013217.jpg/85px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_tappen_van_een_arenpalm_op_Ambon_Molukken._TMnr_60013217.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_tappen_van_een_arenpalm_op_Ambon_Molukken._TMnr_60013217.jpg/127px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_tappen_van_een_arenpalm_op_Ambon_Molukken._TMnr_60013217.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_tappen_van_een_arenpalm_op_Ambon_Molukken._TMnr_60013217.jpg/169px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_tappen_van_een_arenpalm_op_Ambon_Molukken._TMnr_60013217.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tapping the sap of the immature flower flasks in "arènpalm" (<a href="/wiki/Arenga_pinnata" title="Arenga pinnata">Arenga pinnata</a>), one of the palms used to make palm wine, in <a href="/wiki/Ambon,_Maluku" title="Ambon, Maluku">Ambon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moluccas" class="mw-redirect" title="Moluccas">Moluccas</a> (1919). The wine was called toewak (Dutch), tuak or sagoweer (saguer). The fresh sap, "sugar water", was also so drunk.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_verkoper_van_palmwijn_(tuak)_op_Bali_TMnr_10002905.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palm wine seller in Bali (1929)"><img alt="Palm wine seller in Bali (1929)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_verkoper_van_palmwijn_%28tuak%29_op_Bali_TMnr_10002905.jpg/120px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_verkoper_van_palmwijn_%28tuak%29_op_Bali_TMnr_10002905.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_verkoper_van_palmwijn_%28tuak%29_op_Bali_TMnr_10002905.jpg/180px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_verkoper_van_palmwijn_%28tuak%29_op_Bali_TMnr_10002905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_verkoper_van_palmwijn_%28tuak%29_op_Bali_TMnr_10002905.jpg/240px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_verkoper_van_palmwijn_%28tuak%29_op_Bali_TMnr_10002905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palm wine seller in Bali (1929)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuba_Gatherer.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Taken in Southern Leyte, Philippines where a tuba gatherer climb the coconut tree to harvest some tuba."><img alt="Taken in Southern Leyte, Philippines where a tuba gatherer climb the coconut tree to harvest some tuba." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tuba_Gatherer.JPG/120px-Tuba_Gatherer.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tuba_Gatherer.JPG/180px-Tuba_Gatherer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tuba_Gatherer.JPG/240px-Tuba_Gatherer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Taken in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Leyte" title="Southern Leyte">Southern Leyte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> where a tuba gatherer climb the coconut tree to harvest some tuba.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_days_work.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sitting on the coconut palm while gathering tuba."><img alt="Sitting on the coconut palm while gathering tuba." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/A_days_work.JPG/120px-A_days_work.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/A_days_work.JPG/180px-A_days_work.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/A_days_work.JPG/240px-A_days_work.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sitting on the coconut palm while gathering tuba.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toddy_tapper.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A young Toddy-picker climbing a palm tree to collect palm wine, visakhapatnam, India."><img alt="A young Toddy-picker climbing a palm tree to collect palm wine, visakhapatnam, India." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Toddy_tapper.jpg/90px-Toddy_tapper.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Toddy_tapper.jpg/135px-Toddy_tapper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Toddy_tapper.jpg/180px-Toddy_tapper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A young Toddy-picker climbing a palm tree to collect palm wine, visakhapatnam, India.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palampore_(India),_mid%E2%80%93late_18th_century_(CH_18467289-3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palampore tapestry depicting toddy tappers, India, 1750 CE."><img alt="Palampore tapestry depicting toddy tappers, India, 1750 CE." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Palampore_%28India%29%2C_mid%E2%80%93late_18th_century_%28CH_18467289-3%29.jpg/120px-Palampore_%28India%29%2C_mid%E2%80%93late_18th_century_%28CH_18467289-3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Palampore_%28India%29%2C_mid%E2%80%93late_18th_century_%28CH_18467289-3%29.jpg/180px-Palampore_%28India%29%2C_mid%E2%80%93late_18th_century_%28CH_18467289-3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Palampore_%28India%29%2C_mid%E2%80%93late_18th_century_%28CH_18467289-3%29.jpg/240px-Palampore_%28India%29%2C_mid%E2%80%93late_18th_century_%28CH_18467289-3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palampore tapestry depicting toddy tappers, India, 1750 CE. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manananggot_in_Visayan_Dialect.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Locally called "manananggot" for tuba gatherer."><img alt="Locally called "manananggot" for tuba gatherer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Manananggot_in_Visayan_Dialect.JPG/120px-Manananggot_in_Visayan_Dialect.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Manananggot_in_Visayan_Dialect.JPG/180px-Manananggot_in_Visayan_Dialect.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Manananggot_in_Visayan_Dialect.JPG/240px-Manananggot_in_Visayan_Dialect.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Locally called "manananggot" for tuba gatherer.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Up_on_the_Coconut_Tree.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Gathering tuba from the coconut tree."><img alt="Gathering tuba from the coconut tree." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Up_on_the_Coconut_Tree.JPG/90px-Up_on_the_Coconut_Tree.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Up_on_the_Coconut_Tree.JPG/135px-Up_on_the_Coconut_Tree.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Up_on_the_Coconut_Tree.JPG/180px-Up_on_the_Coconut_Tree.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1984" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gathering tuba from the coconut tree.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WELD_1862_in_India_pg370_(088_Climbing_Toddy-Drawer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toddey tapper at work, India, ca.1862."><img alt="Toddey tapper at work, India, ca.1862." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/WELD_1862_in_India_pg370_%28088_Climbing_Toddy-Drawer.jpg/120px-WELD_1862_in_India_pg370_%28088_Climbing_Toddy-Drawer.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/WELD_1862_in_India_pg370_%28088_Climbing_Toddy-Drawer.jpg/180px-WELD_1862_in_India_pg370_%28088_Climbing_Toddy-Drawer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/WELD_1862_in_India_pg370_%28088_Climbing_Toddy-Drawer.jpg/240px-WELD_1862_in_India_pg370_%28088_Climbing_Toddy-Drawer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Toddey tapper at work, India, ca.1862.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shendhi,_also_known_as_Toddy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toddey trapper climbing palm tree with a hanging ladder, India."><img alt="Toddey trapper climbing palm tree with a hanging ladder, India." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Shendhi%2C_also_known_as_Toddy.jpg/78px-Shendhi%2C_also_known_as_Toddy.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Shendhi%2C_also_known_as_Toddy.jpg/118px-Shendhi%2C_also_known_as_Toddy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Shendhi%2C_also_known_as_Toddy.jpg/157px-Shendhi%2C_also_known_as_Toddy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3663" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Toddey trapper climbing palm tree with a hanging ladder, India.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Page_369_Life_in_India_or_Madras,_the_Neilgherries,_and_Calcutta.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coconut trees, and Toddy gatherers of southern India (1855)"><img alt="Coconut trees, and Toddy gatherers of southern India (1855)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Page_369_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png/90px-Page_369_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Page_369_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png/135px-Page_369_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Page_369_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png/180px-Page_369_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="1755" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coconut trees, and Toddy gatherers of <a href="/wiki/Southern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern India">southern India</a> (1855)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmwine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palmwine"><img alt="Palmwine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Palmwine.jpg/120px-Palmwine.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Palmwine.jpg/180px-Palmwine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Palmwine.jpg/240px-Palmwine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="424" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palmwine </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tapping and consumption of palm wine are recurrent motifs in the <a href="/wiki/Chinua_Achebe" title="Chinua Achebe">Chinua Achebe</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Things_Fall_Apart" title="Things Fall Apart">Things Fall Apart</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/Amos_Tutuola" title="Amos Tutuola">Amos Tutuola</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Palm-Wine_Drinkard" title="The Palm-Wine Drinkard">The Palm-Wine Drinkard</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also mentioned in the 2006 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Diamond" title="Blood Diamond">Blood Diamond</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a>, an alcoholic beverage distilled from coconut palm wine in southeast Asia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyol_wine" title="Coyol wine">Coyol wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai_Veeran_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madurai Veeran (Hinduism)">Madurai Veeran</a>, a deity who consumes toddy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogogoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogogoro">Ogogoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm-wine_music" title="Palm-wine music">Palm-wine music</a>, a West African musical genre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Muthappan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Muthappan">Sree Muthappan</a>, another deity who consumes toddy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indonesian beverages">List of Indonesian beverages</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jak-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jak_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jak_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/01/21/enjoying-tuak-batak-country.html">Enjoying ‘tuak’ in Batak country</a> by Wan Ulfa Nur Zuhra, NORTH SUMATRA, Feature, 21 January 2013 Jakarta Post</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume5number4/Thechileanwinepalm.html">Rundel, Philip W. <i>The Chilean Wine Palm</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060104073913/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume5number4/Thechileanwinepalm.html">Archived</a> 4 January 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in the <i>Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden Newsletter</i>, Fall 2002, Volume 5(4). Retrieved 31 August 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Confirel:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.confirel.com/?mid=3&lang=">Sugar Palm Tree – Conservation of natural heritage</a>. Retrieved 15 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comundos.org/en/content/palm-wine-production">"Palm Wine Production"</a>. <i>Comundos</i>. 30 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comundos&rft.atitle=Palm+Wine+Production&rft.date=2020-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comundos.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fpalm-wine-production&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalm+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/x0560e/x0560e09.htm">"Fermented and vegetables. A global perspective. Chapter 4"</a>. <i>fao.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fao.org&rft.atitle=Fermented+and+vegetables.+A+global+perspective.+Chapter+4.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2Fx0560e%2Fx0560e09.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalm+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanchez-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanchez_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanchez_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanchez_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanchez2008" class="citation book cs1">Sanchez, Priscilla C. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smfr-KYgtWkC&pg=PT174"><i>Philippine Fermented Foods: Principles and Technology</i></a>. UP Press. pp. 151–153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789715425544" title="Special:BookSources/9789715425544"><bdi>9789715425544</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippine+Fermented+Foods%3A+Principles+and+Technology&rft.pages=151-153&rft.pub=UP+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789715425544&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Priscilla+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsmfr-KYgtWkC%26pg%3DPT174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalm+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgunnaike2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ogunnaike, Ayodeji (Spring 2019). 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Rough Guides UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-23749-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-23749-6"><bdi>978-0-241-23749-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Tanzania&rft.pub=Rough+Guides+UK&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-241-23749-6&rft.au=Rough+Guides&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZcnlBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalm+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Achebe, Chinua. <i>Things Fall Apart</i>. UK: William Heinemann Ltd., 1958.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tutuola, Amos. <i>The Palm-Wine Drinkard</i>. Grove Press, 1954.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_wine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palm_wine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Palm wine">Palm wine</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wayblima.com/cebu-food-tuba.html">Article on Philippine palm wine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcoholic_beverages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template talk:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcoholic_beverages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_and_production" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and production</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of alcoholic beverages">History of alcoholic beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_beer" title="History of beer">History of beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bordeaux_wine" title="History of Bordeaux wine">History of Bordeaux wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champagne" title="History of Champagne">History of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chianti" title="History of Chianti">History of Chianti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rioja_wine" title="History of Rioja wine">History of Rioja wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sherry" title="History of Sherry">History of Sherry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol industry">Alcohol industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">Brewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malting" title="Malting">Malting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautering" title="Lautering">Lautering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">Wort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drinking establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation" title="Ethanol fermentation">Fermentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple syrup">Simple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fermented_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink#Fermented_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">Fermented drinks</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a></li></ul></li> <li>Banana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_wine" title="Banana wine">Banana wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bignay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bignay_wine" title="Bignay wine">Bignay wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bokbunja <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokbunja-ju" title="Bokbunja-ju">Bokbunja-ju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistelle">Mistelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscatel_de_Set%C3%BAbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscatel de Setúbal">Moscatel de Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosé wine">Rosé wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Java plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duhat_wine" title="Duhat wine">Duhat wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longan_wine" title="Longan wine">Longan wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lychee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lychee_wine" title="Lychee wine">Lychee wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">Perry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pineapple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache">Tepache</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plum_jerkum" title="Plum jerkum">Plum jerkum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pomegranate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimon (wine)">Rimon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prickly pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonche" title="Colonche">Colonche</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conditum" title="Conditum">Conditum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubonnet" title="Dubonnet">Dubonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">Hippocras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabol" title="Jabol">Jabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabidh" title="Nabidh">Nabidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangria" title="Sangria">Sangria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corn <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Millet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oshikundu" title="Oshikundu">Oshikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongba" title="Tongba">Tongba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agkud" title="Agkud">Agkud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_(drink)" title="Apo (drink)">Apo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beopju" title="Beopju">Beopju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brem" title="Brem">Brem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">Choujiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaha-ju" title="Gwaha-ju">Gwaha-ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariya" title="Hariya">Hariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli">Makgeolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiu" title="Mijiu">Mijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Rượu cần">Rượu cần</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sato (beverage)">Sato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(rice_drink)" title="Sonti (rice drink)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendh%C4%81" title="Pendhā">Pendhā</a></li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agave americana</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuak">Tuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">Tubâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">Tuhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">Tunggang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ginger <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Galangal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bais_(wine)" title="Bais (wine)">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarawan" title="Kabarawan">Kabarawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">Mead</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilju" title="Kilju">Kilju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intus" title="Intus">Intus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palek" title="Palek">Palek</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakari" title="Parakari">Parakari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibwatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibwatu">Ibwatu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liquors_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Liquors</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applejack_(drink)" title="Applejack (drink)">Applejack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvados" title="Calvados">Calvados</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cashew apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">Kirschwasser</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araqi_(drink)" title="Araqi (drink)">Araqi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fig <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(brandy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armagnac (brandy)">Armagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Slivovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">Țuică</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">Pomace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace_brandy" title="Pomace brandy">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">Orujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsikoudia" title="Tsikoudia">Tsikoudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsipouro" title="Tsipouro">Tsipouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">Eau de vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geist_(liquor)" title="Geist (liquor)">Geist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbeergeist" title="Himbeergeist">Himbeergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenschnaps" title="Marillenschnaps">Marillenschnaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalewka" title="Nalewka">Nalewka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghi_(drink)" title="Oghi (drink)">Oghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1linka" title="Pálinka">Pálinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Rakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schnaps">Schnaps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_whisky" title="Japanese whisky">Japanese whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierbrand" title="Bierbrand">Bierbrand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Buckwheat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maize <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee whiskey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (wine)">Cheongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholai" title="Cholai">Cholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao-Lao" title="Lao-Lao">Lao-Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihing" title="Lihing">Lihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiang_Baijiu" title="Mixiang Baijiu">Mixiang Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shochu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shochu">Shochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soju" title="Soju">Soju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korn_(liquor)" title="Korn (liquor)">Korn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starka" title="Starka">Starka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">Agave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila">Tequila</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotol" title="Sotol">Sotol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhi" title="Arkhi">Arkhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacha%C3%A7a" title="Cachaça">Cachaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairin" title="Clairin">Clairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaro_(drink)" title="Guaro (drink)">Guaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seco_Herrerano" title="Seco Herrerano">Seco Herrerano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Akvavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_(drink)" title="Bangla (drink)">Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Horilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liqueurs_and_infused_distilled_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">Liqueurs</a> and infused distilled drinks by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Almond <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_Noyaux" title="Crème de Noyaux">Crème de Noyaux</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">Absinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisado" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado">Anisado</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisado_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado Mallorca">Anisado Mallorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierbas" title="Hierbas">Hierbas</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbs_de_Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs de Majorca">Herbs de Majorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastika" title="Mastika">Mastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzo" title="Ouzo">Ouzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierlik%C3%B6r" title="Bierlikör">Bierlikör</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blackthorn shrub <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patxaran" title="Patxaran">Patxaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Heering" title="Cherry Heering">Cherry Heering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chili peppers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Pertsivka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chocolate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_liqueur" title="Chocolate liqueur">Chocolate liqueur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cinnamon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentura" title="Tentura">Tentura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Cloudberry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakka" title="Lakka">Lakka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Malibu Rum">Malibu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coffee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tia_Maria" title="Tia Maria">Tia Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cream <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cream_liqueur" title="Cream liqueur">Cream liqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Irish cream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">Advocaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hazelnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictine" title="Bénédictine">Bénédictine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenniv%C3%ADn" title="Brennivín">Brennivín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_menthe" title="Crème de menthe">Crème de menthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxa" title="Metaxa">Metaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicum" title="Unicum">Unicum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renfang" title="Bärenfang">Bärenjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drambuie" title="Drambuie">Drambuie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glayva" title="Glayva">Glayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Irish Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupnik" title="Krupnik">Krupnik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borovi%C4%8Dka" title="Borovička">Borovička</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">Jenever</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mammee apple flower <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_cr%C3%A9ole" class="mw-redirect" title="Eau créole">Eau créole</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cointreau" title="Cointreau">Cointreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marnier" title="Grand Marnier">Grand Marnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_sec" title="Triple sec">Triple sec</a></li></ul></li> <li>Star anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastis" title="Pastis">Pastis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane/molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charanda" title="Charanda">Charanda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vanilla <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licor_43" title="Licor 43">Licor 43</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedratine" title="Cedratine">Cedratine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_banane" title="Crème de banane">Crème de banane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_cassis" title="Crème de cassis">Crème de cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnapps" title="Schnapps">Schnapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloe_gin" title="Sloe gin">Sloe gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Walnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="List of alcoholic drinks">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Non-timber_forest_products" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Template:Non-timber forest products"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Template talk:Non-timber forest products"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Non-timber forest products"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Non-timber_forest_products" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" title="Non-timber forest product">Non-timber forest products</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_product" title="Animal product">Animal products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">Furs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pine_honey" title="Pine honey">pine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Wild game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">Berries</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree" title="Fruit tree">tree fruit</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilberry" title="Bilberry">Bilberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_binucao" title="Garcinia binucao">Binukaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">Blackberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">Blueberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_gummi-gutta" title="Garcinia gummi-gutta">Gambooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huckleberry" title="Huckleberry">Huckleberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_vitis-idaea" title="Vaccinium vitis-idaea">Lingonberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">Raspberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">Strawberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca">Woodland strawberry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaf_vegetables" title="List of leaf vegetables">Edible plants</a> / <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betel" title="Betel">Betel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddlehead" title="Fiddlehead">Fiddlehead ferns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_palm" title="Heart of palm">Heart of palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhuca_longifolia#Mahuwa_flowers" title="Madhuca longifolia">Mahuwa flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroxylon_sagu" title="Metroxylon sagu">Sago palm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycas_circinalis" title="Cycas circinalis">queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%A9_powder" title="Filé powder">filé powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">root beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenoa" title="Serenoa">Saw palmetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng#Wild_ginseng" title="Ginseng">Wild ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_onion" title="Wild onion">Wild onions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_ursinum" title="Allium ursinum">Bear garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_canadense" title="Allium canadense">Canada onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_vineale" title="Allium vineale">Crow garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_bisceptrum" title="Allium bisceptrum">Twincrest onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_validum" title="Allium validum">Pacific mountain onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tricoccum" title="Allium tricoccum">Ramps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">Mushrooms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russula_vesca" title="Russula vesca">Bare-toothed russula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imleria_badia" title="Imleria badia">Bay bolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leccinum_scabrum" title="Leccinum scabrum">Birch bolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boletus_edulis" title="Boletus edulis">Cep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantharellus" title="Cantharellus">Chanterelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armillaria_mellea" title="Armillaria mellea">Honey mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingzhi_(mushroom)" title="Lingzhi (mushroom)">Lingzhi</a> (reishi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsutake" title="Matsutake">Matsutake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agaricus_campestris" title="Agaricus campestris">Meadow mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morchella" title="Morchella">Morel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleurotus_ostreatus" title="Pleurotus ostreatus">Oyster mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrolepiota_procera" title="Macrolepiota procera">Parasol mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leccinum_aurantiacum" title="Leccinum aurantiacum">Red cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactarius_deliciosus" title="Lactarius deliciosus">Saffron milk cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suillus_luteus" title="Suillus luteus">Slippery jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricholoma_equestre" title="Tricholoma equestre">Yellow knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaphium_affine" title="Scaphium affine">Malva nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Oil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">waxes</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allanblackia_oil" title="Allanblackia oil">Allanblackia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babassu_oil" title="Babassu oil">Babassu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonia" title="Platonia">Bacuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlenut_oil" title="Candlenut oil">Candlenut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobroma_grandiflorum" title="Theobroma grandiflorum">Capuacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnauba_wax" title="Carnauba wax">Carnauba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydnocarpus_wightiana_seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydnocarpus wightiana seed oil">Chaulmoogra <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Hydnocarpus wightiana</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_butter" title="Cocoa butter">Cocoa butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptol" title="Eucalyptol">Eucalyptol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_oil" title="Eucalyptus oil">Eucalyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illipe" title="Illipe">Illipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_wax" title="Japan wax">Japan wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokum_butter" title="Kokum butter">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pycnanthus_angolensis" title="Pycnanthus angolensis">Kombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadesma_butyracea" title="Pentadesma butyracea">Kpangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusum_oil" title="Kusum oil">Kusum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichilia_emetica" title="Trichilia emetica">Mafura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhuca_longifolia#Oil" title="Madhuca longifolia">Mahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_oil" title="Mango oil">Mango butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum_murumuru" title="Astrocaryum murumuru">Murumuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagkesar_seed_oil" title="Nagkesar seed oil">Nagkesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palm_kernel_oil" title="Palm kernel oil">kernel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulwara_oil" title="Phulwara oil">Phulwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilu_oil" title="Pilu oil">Pilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongamia_oil" title="Pongamia oil">Pongamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea_robusta_seed_oil" title="Shorea robusta seed oil">Sal-seed <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Shorea robusta</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalwood_oil" title="Sandalwood oil">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_butter" title="Shea butter">Shea butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamanu_oil" title="Tamanu oil">Tamanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_seed_oil" title="Tea seed oil">Tea-seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tree_oil" title="Tea tree oil">Tea-tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum_aculeatum" title="Astrocaryum aculeatum">Tucuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucuhuba_seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ucuhuba seed oil">Ucuuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vateria_indica_oil" title="Vateria indica oil"><i>Vateria indica</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">Resins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoin_(resin)" title="Benzoin (resin)">Benzoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_tar" class="mw-redirect" title="Birch tar">Birch tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creosote#Wood-tar_creosote" title="Creosote">Creosote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamboge" title="Gamboge">Gamboge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauri_gum" title="Kauri gum">Kauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">Lacquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">Myrrh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_tar" title="Pine tar">Pine tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(resin)" title="Pitch (resin)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosin" title="Rosin">Rosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine">Turpentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">Varnish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Sap</a> / <a href="/wiki/Natural_gum" title="Natural gum">gum</a> / etc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birch_syrup" title="Birch syrup">Birch syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicle" title="Chicle">Chicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">chewing gum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_sugar" title="Coconut sugar">Coconut sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_sugar" title="Date sugar">Date sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_syrup" title="Fruit syrup">Fruit syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">Gum arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_(botany)" title="Kino (botany)">Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">Latex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_sugar" title="Maple sugar">Maple sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm sugar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palm wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akpeteshie" title="Akpeteshie">akpeteshie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogogoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogogoro">ogogoro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_gum" title="Spruce gum">Spruce gum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadou" title="Amadou">Amadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">Bamboo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">edible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_musical_instruments" title="Bamboo musical instruments">musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_textile" title="Bamboo textile">textiles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_bark" title="Birch bark">Birch bark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_beer" title="Birch beer">Birch beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Ferns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">Forage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaria" title="Uncaria">Gambier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss#Commercial" title="Moss">Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">Natural dyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">henna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">Quinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">Shellac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanbark" title="Tanbark">Tanbark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tannin" title="Tannin">tannin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diospyros_melanoxylon" title="Diospyros melanoxylon">Tendu leaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">Thatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_ivory" title="Vegetable ivory">Vegetable ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow#Medicinal" title="Willow">Willow bark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehesa" title="Dehesa"><i>Dehesa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Iberian agroforestry)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest farming">Forest farming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_hunting" title="Honey hunting">Honey hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_produce_(India)" title="Forest produce (India)">Indian forest produce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Mushroom hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_stores" title="Naval stores">Naval stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resin_extraction" title="Resin extraction">Resin extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_tapping" title="Rubber tapping">Rubber tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcrafting" title="Wildcrafting">Wildcrafting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Category:Non-timber forest products">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Non-timber_forest_products" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Non-timber forest products">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Cambodia&#124;link=Cambodia_Cambodian_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cambodian_cuisine" title="Template:Cambodian cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Cambodian_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Cambodian cuisine (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cambodian_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cambodian cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Cambodia&#124;link=Cambodia_Cambodian_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bai_pong_moan" title="Bai pong moan">Bai pong moan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay_sach_chruk" title="Bay sach chruk">Bay sach chruk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_lok_lak" class="mw-redirect" title="Beef lok lak">Beef lok lak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bok_trop_pgnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bok trop pgnon (page does not exist)">Bok trop pgnon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chanang" title="Chanang">Chanang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cha_kroeung" title="Cha kroeung">Cha kroeung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chha_kh%27nhei" title="Chha kh'nhei">Chha kh'nhei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chha_trob" title="Chha trob">Chha trob</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prahok_ktis" title="Prahok ktis">Prahok ktis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampot_Pepper_Crab" title="Kampot Pepper Crab">Kampot Pepper Crab</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khor_sach_chrouk" class="mw-redirect" title="Khor sach chrouk">Khor sach chrouk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kha_(cooking_technique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kha (cooking technique)">Kha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khor_cheung_chrouk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khor cheung chrouk (page does not exist)">Khor cheung chrouk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khmom_ang" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmom ang">Khmom ang</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kola noodles">Kola noodles</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fishcake" title="Fishcake">Phahut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samlor_kako" class="mw-redirect" title="Samlor kako">Samlor kako</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samlor_ktis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samlor ktis (page does not exist)">Samlor ktis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samlor_machu" title="Samlor machu">Samlor machu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samlor_prahal" title="Samlor prahal">Samlor prahal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sngao_mreah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sngao mreah (page does not exist)">Sngao mreah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sngor_ngam_ngov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sngor ngam ngov (page does not exist)">Sngor ngam ngov</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stir_fried_water_spinach" class="mw-redirect" title="Stir fried water spinach">Stir-fried morning glory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trei_boeng_kanh_chhet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trei boeng kanh chhet (page does not exist)">Trei boeng kanh chhet</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Curries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_amok" title="Fish amok">Fish amok</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Num_banhchok" title="Num banhchok">Num banhchok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kari_sach_moan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kari sach moan">Kari sach moan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraman_curry" title="Saraman curry">Saraman curry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine#Salads" title="Cambodian cuisine">Salads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neorm_svay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neorm svay (page does not exist)">Neorm svay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pleah_sach_ko" title="Pleah sach ko">Pleah sach ko</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neorm_trasak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neorm trasak (page does not exist)">Neorm trasak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neorm_masour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neorm masour (page does not exist)">Neorm masour</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neorm_kroch_thlong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neorm kroch thlong (page does not exist)">Neorm kroch thlong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Larb" title="Larb">Larb</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sauces, spices and flavourings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kampot_fish_sauce" title="Kampot fish sauce">Kampot fish sauce</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kroeung" title="Kroeung">Kroeung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prahok" title="Prahok">Prahok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste#Kapi" title="Shrimp paste">Kapi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamarind sauce">Tamarind sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts, snacks and pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banh_chao" class="mw-redirect" title="Banh chao">Banh chao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bey_dom_neib" class="mw-redirect" title="Bey dom neib">Bey dom neib</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha_houy_teuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cha houy teuk (page does not exist)">Cha houy teuk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chek_ktis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chek ktis (page does not exist)">Chek ktis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kralan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kralan">Kralan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nataing" title="Nataing">Nataing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Num_ansom" title="Num ansom">Num ansom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nom_chak_chol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nom chak chol (page does not exist)">Nom chak chol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Num_chak_kachan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Num chak kachan (page does not exist)">Num chak kachan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Num_chak_chan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Num chak chan (page does not exist)">Num chak chan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Num_chek_chien" class="mw-redirect" title="Num chek chien">Num chek chien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Num_kreab" title="Num kreab">Num kreab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Num_krok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Num krok (page does not exist)">Num krok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Num_pang" title="Num pang">Num pang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Num_pom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Num pom (page does not exist)">Num pom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sankya_lapov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankya lapov">Sankya lapov</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poat_dot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poat dot (page does not exist)">Poat dot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trei_ngeat_ovlek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trei ngeat ovlek (page does not exist)">Trei ngeat ovlek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vawee" class="mw-redirect" title="Vawee">Vawee</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine#Beverages" title="Cambodian cuisine">Beverages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkor_Beer" title="Angkor Beer">Angkor Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">Green tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longan_wine" title="Longan wine">Longan wine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sra_peang" title="Sra peang">Sra peang</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Sugarcane juice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian Chinese dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Babor_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babor (dish)">Babor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banh_chaneouk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banh chaneouk (page does not exist)">Banh chaneouk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fried_rice#Cambodia" title="Fried rice">Bai cha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuyteav" title="Kuyteav">Kuyteav</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lort_cha" title="Lort cha">Lort cha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mee_katang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mee katang (page does not exist)">Mee katang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mee_kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Mee kiev">Mee kiev</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naem_chien" class="mw-redirect" title="Naem chien">Naem chien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Num_kachai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Num kachai (page does not exist)">Num kachai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Num_kroch" class="mw-redirect" title="Num kroch">Num kroch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modak" title="Modak">Num kom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Num_pang_chen" class="mw-redirect" title="Num pang chen">Num pang chen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Num_pao" class="mw-redirect" title="Num pao">Num pao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Num_pia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Num pia (page does not exist)">Num pia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Num_por_pia" class="mw-redirect" title="Num por pia">Num por pia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siev_mai" class="mw-redirect" title="Siev mai">Siev mai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yao_hon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yao hon">Yao hon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cambodian_cuisine" title="Category:Cambodian cuisine">Category: Cambodian cuisine</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka_Sri_Lankan_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Template:Sri Lankan cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Template talk:Sri Lankan cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sri Lankan cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka_Sri_Lankan_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">Biryani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyabath" title="Diyabath">Diyabath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasi_kuning" title="Nasi kuning">Kaha bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribath" title="Kiribath">Kiribath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamprais" title="Lamprais">Lamprais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasi_goreng" title="Nasi goreng">Nasi goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttu" title="Puttu">Pittu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_and_curry" title="Rice and curry">Rice and curry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">Roti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothamba_roti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gothamba roti (page does not exist)">Gothamba roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothu_roti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kothu roti">Kottu roti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol_roti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pol roti (page does not exist)">Pol roti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uraippu_roti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uraippu roti (page does not exist)">Uraippu roti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dosa_(food)" title="Dosa (food)">Dosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appam" title="Appam">Hoppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stir_fried_water_spinach" class="mw-redirect" title="Stir fried water spinach">Kankun mallung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_kanda" title="Kola kanda">Kola kanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine#Kool" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Kool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mie_goreng" title="Mie goreng">Mee goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Sathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiyappam" title="Idiyappam">String hoppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upma" title="Upma">Upma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Side dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gal_Banis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gal Banis (page does not exist)">Gal Banis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jam_paan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jam paan (page does not exist)">Jam paan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimbula_Banis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimbula Banis (page does not exist)">Kimbula Banis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalu_paan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maalu paan (page does not exist)">Maalu paan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roast_Paan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roast Paan (page does not exist)">Roast Paan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeni_sambol" title="Seeni sambol">Seeni Banis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_tea_bun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Lankan tea bun (page does not exist)">Sri Lankan tea bun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theti_Paan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theti Paan (page does not exist)">Theti Paan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">Curry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_(curry)" title="Ceylon (curry)">Curry</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apple curry (page does not exist)">Apple curry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beetroot_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beetroot curry (page does not exist)">Beetroot curry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinjal_paal_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinjal paal curry (page does not exist)">Brinjal paal curry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cashew_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cashew curry (page does not exist)">Cashew curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_curry" title="Chicken curry">Chicken curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakuluwo_curry" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakuluwo curry">Kakuluwo curry (Crab curry)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elumas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elumas (page does not exist)">Elumas (Lamb curry)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismoru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismoru (page does not exist)">Ismoru (Beef curry)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaffna_lamb_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaffna lamb curry (page does not exist)">Jaffna lamb curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malu_Mirisata" title="Malu Mirisata">Malu Mirisata (Fish curry)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mango_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mango curry (page does not exist)">Mango curry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moju_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moju curry (page does not exist)">Moju (Pork curry)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murunga_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murunga curry (page does not exist)">Murunga curry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polos_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polos curry (page does not exist)">Polos (Jackfruit curry)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potato_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potato curry (page does not exist)">Potato curry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pumpkin_curry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pumpkin curry (page does not exist)">Pumpkin curry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine#Malay_Achcharu" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Malay Achcharu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine#Babath" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Babath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlet" title="Cutlet">Fish Cutlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine#Ekor_soup" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Ekor soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centella_asiatica#Culinary_use" title="Centella asiatica">Gotukola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gova_Kaldu" title="Gova Kaldu">Gova Kaldu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiri_hodi" title="Kiri hodi">Kiri hodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallung" title="Mallung">Mallung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papadum" class="mw-redirect" title="Papadum">Papadum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasam_(dish)" title="Rasam (dish)">Rasam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal#Sri_Lanka" title="Sambal">Sambol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunumiris" title="Lunumiris">Katta sambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol_sambol" title="Pol sambol">Pol sambol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeni_sambol" title="Seeni sambol">Seeni sambol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaalai_kai_sambal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaalai kai sambal">Vaalai kai sambal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_omelette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Lankan omelette (page does not exist)">Sri Lankan omelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakkadi" title="Thakkadi">Thakkadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine#Short_eats" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Chinese rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_Patties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fish Patties (page does not exist)">Fish Patties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadala (page does not exist)">Kadala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavariya" title="Lavariya">Lavariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odiyal" title="Odiyal">Odiyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol_Pani" title="Pol Pani">Pol Pani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugwa">Sanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay#Sathe" title="Satay">Sathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadar_gulung" title="Dadar gulung">Surul appam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapioca_chips" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapioca chips">Tapioca chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_(food)" title="Vada (food)">Vade</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isso_vade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isso vade (page does not exist)">Isso vade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parippu_vade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parippu vade (page does not exist)">Parippu vade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medu_vada" title="Medu vada">Ulundu vade</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Beer in Sri Lanka">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falooda" title="Falooda">Faluda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koththamalli" title="Koththamalli">Koththamalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">Masala chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Sri Lankan sweets and desserts">Sweets &<br />desserts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aasmi" title="Aasmi">Aasmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggala" title="Aggala">Aggala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpal" title="Alpal">Älpäl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluwa" title="Aluwa">Aluwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athirasa" title="Athirasa">Athirasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibikkan" title="Bibikkan">Bibikkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_fiado" title="Bolo fiado">Bolo fiado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombai_muttai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombai muttai (page does not exist)">Bombai muttai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breudher" title="Breudher">Breudher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_cake" title="Butter cake">Butter cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_biscuit_pudding" title="Chocolate biscuit pudding">Chocolate biscuit pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadar_gulung" title="Dadar gulung">Surul appam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodol" title="Dodol">Dodol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalu_dodol" title="Kalu dodol">Kalu dodol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiri_Dodol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiri Dodol (page does not exist)">Kiri Dodol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosi_(food)" title="Dosi (food)">Dosi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inguru_dosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inguru dosi (page does not exist)">Inguru dosi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiri_dosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiri dosi (page does not exist)">Kiri dosi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puhul_dosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puhul dosi (page does not exist)">Puhul dosi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijzerkoekje" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijzerkoekje">Ijzer koekjes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">Hakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevum" title="Kevum">Kevum</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konda_kevum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konda kevum (page does not exist)">Konda kevum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mung_kevum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mung kevum (page does not exist)">Mung kevum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naran_kevum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naran kevum (page does not exist)">Naran kevum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thala_kevum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thala kevum (page does not exist)">Thala kevum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undu_kevum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undu kevum (page does not exist)">Undu kevum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiri_aluwa" title="Kiri aluwa">Kiri aluwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokis" title="Kokis">Kokis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_cake" title="Love cake">Love cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhukkatta" title="Kozhukkatta">Modhakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_curd" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo curd">Mudavāpu meekiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_cake" title="Pandan cake">Pandan cake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pani_Kaju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pani Kaju (page does not exist)">Pani Kaju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pani_walalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pani walalu (page does not exist)">Pani walalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushnambu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushnambu">Pushnambu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakkarai_Muttai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakkarai Muttai (page does not exist)">Sakkarai Muttai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nian_gao#Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Nian gao">Seenakku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukiri (page does not exist)">Sukiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thala_Guli" title="Thala Guli">Thala Guli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undu_Walalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undu Walalu (page does not exist)">Undu Walalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watalappam" title="Watalappam">Watalappam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weli_Thalapa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weli Thalapa (page does not exist)">Weli Thalapa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine#Chinese_chili_paste" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Chinese chili paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunumiris" title="Lunumiris">Lunumiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_pith" title="Banana pith">Banana pith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Coconut milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensed_milk" title="Condensed milk">Condensed milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Karapincha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipomoea_aquatica" title="Ipomoea aquatica">Kangkung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryota_urens" title="Caryota urens">Kithull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemongrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_amaryllifolius" title="Pandanus amaryllifolius">Pandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_rice_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Traditional rice of Sri Lanka">Traditional rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treacle" title="Treacle">Treacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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