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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Catholic Church</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Catholic_Church-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Catholic Church subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original_form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Original form</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure_of_the_original_Tenebrae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_of_the_original_Tenebrae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Structure of the original Tenebrae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_the_original_Tenebrae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table_illustrating_the_contents_of_the_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table_illustrating_the_contents_of_the_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Table illustrating the contents of the service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table_illustrating_the_contents_of_the_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Rite_since_1970" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Rite_since_1970"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Roman Rite since 1970</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Rite_since_1970-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Western_Christian_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Western_Christian_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other Western Christian Churches</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_Western_Christian_Churches-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other Western Christian Churches subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_Western_Christian_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lutheran_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheran_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lutheran practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lutheran_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglican_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglican_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Anglican practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglican_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methodist_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodist_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Methodist practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodist_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish_National_Catholic_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish_National_Catholic_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Polish National Catholic practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish_National_Catholic_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reformed_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reformed_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Reformed practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reformed_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Orthodox_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Orthodox_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Western Orthodox practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Orthodox_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temn%C3%A9_hodinky" title="Temné hodinky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Temné hodinky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmette" title="Karmette – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karmette" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficio_de_tinieblas" title="Oficio de tinieblas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oficio de tinieblas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinieblak" title="Tinieblak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tinieblak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_des_T%C3%A9n%C3%A8bres" title="Office des Ténèbres – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Office des Ténèbres" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%84%A4%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%98" title="테네브래 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테네브래" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufficio_delle_Tenebre" title="Ufficio delle Tenebre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ufficio delle Tenebre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenebrae_(officium)" title="Tenebrae (officium) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tenebrae (officium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciemna_jutrznia" title="Ciemna jutrznia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ciemna jutrznia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of%C3%ADcio_de_Trevas" title="Ofício de Trevas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ofício de Trevas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Tenebrae" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distindow%C3%A8s_matenes" title="Distindowès matenes – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Distindowès matenes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Christian religious service</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tenebrae_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tenebrae (disambiguation)">Tenebrae (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Barcelona)_Tenebrae_Candelabra_-_Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD_-_Museums_of_the_Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%28Barcelona%29_Tenebrae_Candelabra_-_Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD_-_Museums_of_the_Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia.jpg/260px-%28Barcelona%29_Tenebrae_Candelabra_-_Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD_-_Museums_of_the_Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%28Barcelona%29_Tenebrae_Candelabra_-_Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD_-_Museums_of_the_Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia.jpg/390px-%28Barcelona%29_Tenebrae_Candelabra_-_Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD_-_Museums_of_the_Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%28Barcelona%29_Tenebrae_Candelabra_-_Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD_-_Museums_of_the_Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia.jpg/520px-%28Barcelona%29_Tenebrae_Candelabra_-_Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD_-_Museums_of_the_Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4738" data-file-height="7477" /></a><figcaption>Fifteen candles on Tenebrae hearse - <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Antoni Gaudí</a> - <a href="/wiki/Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia" title="Sagrada Família">Sagrada Família</a>. The candles are extinguished one by one during the course of the service.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#dcf5dc;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#dcf5dc;">Death and Resurrection of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entombment of Christ"><img alt="Entombment of Christ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg/150px-Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg/225px-Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg/300px-Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></b></li> <li><b>Trials</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_at_Herod%27s_court" title="Jesus at Herod's court">Herod's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus" title="Mocking of Jesus">Mocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">Crown of thorns</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion and Death</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus#Biblical_accounts" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Biblical accounts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Overview_of_resurrection_appearances_in_the_Gospels_and_Paul" title="Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul">overview</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere" title="Noli me tangere">Noli me tangere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus_appearance" title="Road to Emmaus appearance">Road to Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Monday" title="Holy Monday">Holy Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Tuesday" title="Holy Tuesday">Holy Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Spy Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Significance</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Visions of Jesus</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vision_theory_of_Jesus%27_appearances" title="Vision theory of Jesus' appearances">Vision theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">Visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Empty tomb theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_body_hypothesis" title="Stolen body hypothesis">Stolen body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swoon_hypothesis" title="Swoon hypothesis">Swoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_body_hypothesis" title="Lost body hypothesis">Lost body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substitution_hypothesis" title="Substitution hypothesis">Twin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Jesus%27_crucifixion" title="Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion">Instrument of crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_darkness" title="Crucifixion darkness">Crucifixion darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">Conversion of Paul the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_Jesus%27s_death" title="Islamic views on Jesus's death">Islamic view</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <small><small><b>Portals: </b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/16px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/24px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible</a></small></small></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Death_of_Jesus" title="Template:Death of Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Death_of_Jesus" title="Template talk:Death of Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Death_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Death of Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tenebrae</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for 'darkness') is a religious service of <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a> held during the three days preceding Easter Day, and characterized by gradual extinguishing of candles, and by a "strepitus" or "loud noise" taking place in total darkness near the end of the service. </p><p>Tenebrae was originally a celebration of <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">matins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">lauds</a> of the last three days of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a>) in the evening of the previous day (<a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Holy Wednesday</a>, Maundy Thursday and Good Friday) to the accompaniment of special ceremonies that included the display of lighted candles on a special triangular candelabra.<sup id="cite_ref-Kosloski2017_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kosloski2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern celebrations called Tenebrae may be of quite different content and structure, based for example on the <a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Seven Last Words</a> or readings of the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a>. They may be held on only one day of Holy Week, especially Spy Wednesday (Holy Wednesday).<sup id="cite_ref-Kosloski2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kosloski2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PECUSA2018_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PECUSA2018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may be held during the daylight hours and the number of candles, if used, may vary.<sup id="cite_ref-RW1986_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW1986-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tenebrae liturgical celebrations of this kind now exist in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformed_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed church">Reformed churches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_form">Original form</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Original form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, "Tenebrae" is the name given to the celebration, with special ceremonies, of <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">matins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">lauds</a>, the first two <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">hours</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours#Prior_to_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Divine Office</a> of each of the last three days of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> Tenebrae was celebrated in all churches with a sufficient number of clergy until the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a> in the 1950s. The traditions regarding this service go back at least to the ninth century.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matins, originally celebrated a few hours after midnight, and lauds, originally celebrated at dawn, were anticipated by the late Middle Ages on the afternoon or evening of the preceding day,<sup id="cite_ref-Tenebrae_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tenebrae-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were given the name "Tenebrae" because concluding when darkness was setting in.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The celebration of matins and lauds of these days on the previous evening in the form referred to as Tenebrae in churches with a sufficient number of clergy was universal in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_Liturgy_Reforms#The_New_Rite_of_Holy_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Pius XII Liturgy Reforms">reform of the Holy Week ceremonies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> in 1955. He restored the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a> as a night office, moving that Easter liturgy from Holy Saturday morning to the following night and likewise moved the principal liturgies of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> from morning to afternoon or evening. Thus matins and lauds of Good Friday and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a> could no longer be anticipated on the preceding evening, and even matins and lauds of Holy Thursday was allowed to be anticipated only in the case of cathedral churches in which the <a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a> was held on Holy Thursday morning.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1960 <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a>, which was incorporated in the next typical edition of the Roman Breviary, published on 5 April 1961, a year ahead of the publication of the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowed no anticipation whatever of lauds, though matins alone could still be anticipated to the day before, later than the hour of vespers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In sum: </p> <ul><li>Until 1955 the three consecutive Tenebrae services for <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a>, Good Friday and Holy Saturday, including the typical ceremonies such as the extinguishing of candles, with each of these three services anticipated on the previous evening, were widely celebrated as an integral part of the liturgy of Holy Week in churches with a sufficient number of clergy wherever the Roman Rite was followed. A rich tradition of music composed for these central occasions had developed.</li> <li>From 1956 to 1970 the practice largely declined: <ul><li>The 1955 papal document restored the celebration of matins and lauds of Holy Thursday, Good Friday and Holy Saturday to their original timing as morning services, with only a little allowance for anticipating any of them on the evening before. On these three days attention shifted from what became morning services to the services that were now to be held in the afternoon or evening. Communal celebration of matins and lauds became limited generally to communities that observed the full Divine Office in congregational form. Matins and lauds, having lost their exceptional character, provided composers with little incentive to produce new music for them and there was no demand for grand performances of the existing music earlier composed for Tenebrae.</li> <li>The Roman Breviary, as updated in 1961, did not mention any specific Tenebrae ceremonies to accompany the no longer anticipated matins and lauds of Maundy Thursday, Good Friday and Holy Saturday.</li></ul></li> <li>Finally, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>, matins and lauds throughout the year were completely reformed. Matins, for instance, no longer had the nine <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">psalms</a> and lauds the five psalms that determined the number of candles extinguished in the Tenebrae celebration.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Structure_of_the_original_Tenebrae">Structure of the original Tenebrae</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure of the original Tenebrae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The structure is the same for all three days. The first part of the service is <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">matins</a>, which in its pre-1970 form is composed of three <a href="/wiki/Nocturns" title="Nocturns">nocturns</a>, each consisting of three psalms, a <a href="/wiki/Versicle" title="Versicle">versicle</a>, a silent <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Pater noster</a>, and three readings, each followed by a <a href="/wiki/Responsory" title="Responsory">responsory</a>. The pre-1970 <a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">lauds</a> consists of five psalms, a short versicle and response, and the <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a> Gospel <a href="/wiki/Canticle" title="Canticle">canticle</a>, followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Christus_factus_est" title="Christus factus est">Christus factus est</a></i>, a silent Pater Noster, and the appointed <a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">collect</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Patri" title="Gloria Patri">Gloria Patri</a> is not said after each psalm.<sup id="cite_ref-Benzinger1875_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benzinger1875-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guéranger1870_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guéranger1870-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The principal Tenebrae ceremony is the gradual extinguishing of <a href="/wiki/Candle#Christianity" title="Candle">candles</a> upon a stand in the sanctuary called a hearse.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the Roman Rite settled on fifteen candles, one of which is extinguished after each of the nine psalms of matins and the five of lauds. The six altar candles are put out during the Benedictus, gradually reducing also the lighting in the church throughout the chanting of the canticle.<sup id="cite_ref-Herdt_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herdt-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then any remaining lights in the church are extinguished and the last candle on the hearse is hidden behind the altar (if the altar is such as does not hide the light, the candle, still lit, is put inside a <a href="/wiki/Candle_lantern" class="mw-redirect" title="Candle lantern">candle lantern</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ending the service in total darkness. The <i>strepitus</i> (Latin for "great noise"), made by slamming a book shut, banging a <a href="/wiki/Hymnal" title="Hymnal">hymnal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">breviary</a> against the pew, or stomping on the floor, symbolizes the earthquake that followed Christ's death, although it may have originated as a simple signal to depart.<sup id="cite_ref-Tenebrae_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tenebrae-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the candle has been shown to the people, it is extinguished, and then put "on the credence table," or simply taken to the sacristy. All rise and then leave in silence.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Table_illustrating_the_contents_of_the_service">Table illustrating the contents of the service</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Table illustrating the contents of the service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1 November 1911 <a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_Roman_Breviary_by_Pope_Pius_X" title="Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X">reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X</a> radically reorganized the weekly recitation of the Psalter. In the Tridentine <a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> (1568), Psalms 62/63 and 66/67 (treated as a single unit) and Psalms 148–150 (again treated as a single unit) were recited at lauds every day of the week. Pius X eliminated such repetitions and provided a quite different choice of psalms for lauds. </p><p>The situation before the 1911 reform is illustrated in 19th-century publications such as <a href="/wiki/Prosper_Gu%C3%A9ranger" title="Prosper Guéranger">Prosper Guéranger</a>'s <i>Passiontide and Holy Week</i>, (Dublin 1870)<sup id="cite_ref-Guéranger1870_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guéranger1870-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>The Complete Office of Holy Week According to the Roman Missal and Breviary, in Latin and English</i> (Benziger 1875).<sup id="cite_ref-Benzinger1875_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benzinger1875-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is more difficult to find similar online 20th-century publication, but the text of the Tenebrae services as reformed by Pope Pius X in 1911 is available in the 1924 edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Usualis" title="Liber Usualis">Liber Usualis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1961 edition, with English rubrics and explanations, is available on more than one site.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3">(note: Psalm numbering<br />as in the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a>) </td> <th>Maundy Thursday </th> <th>Good Friday </th> <th>Holy Saturday </th> <th>Practices </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #ffdead;">Matins </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">First Nocturn (readings from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations of Jeremiah</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a> </td> <td>Zelus domus </td> <td>Astiterunt reges terrae </td> <td>In pace </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#68:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 68</a> (<span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+68&version=63">Psalm 68</a></span></span>) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#2:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 2</a> (<span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+2&version=63">Psalm 2</a></span></span>) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#4:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 4</a> (<span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+4&version=63">Psalm 4</a></span></span>) </td> <td>1st candle extinguished at end<sup id="cite_ref-Herdt_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herdt-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Avertantur retrorsum </td> <td>Diviserunt sibi </td> <td>Habitabit in tabernaculo </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#69:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 69</a> (<span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+69&version=63">Psalm 69</a></span></span>) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#21:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 21</a> (<span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+21&version=63">Psalm 21</a></span></span>) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#14:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 14</a> (<span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+14&version=63">Psalm 14</a></span></span>) </td> <td>2nd candle extinguished </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Deus meus eripe me </td> <td>Insurrexerunt in me </td> <td>Caro mea </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#70:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 70</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#26:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 26</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#15:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 15</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3rd candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Versicle" title="Versicle">Versicle</a> </td> <td>Avertantur retrorsum </td> <td>Diviserunt sibi </td> <td>In pace in idipsum </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Our Father</a> (silent) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1st reading </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+1:1–5&version=63">Lamentations 1:1–1:5</a></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+2:8–11&version=63">Lamentations 2:8–2:11</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+3:22–30&version=63">Lamentations 3:22–3:30</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1st responsory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/In_monte_Oliveti" class="mw-redirect" title="In monte Oliveti">In monte Oliveti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omnes_amici_mei" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnes amici mei">Omnes amici mei</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sicut_ovis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicut ovis">Sicut ovis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd reading </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+1:6–9&version=63">Lamentations 1:6–1:9</a></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+2:12–15&version=63">Lamentations 2:12–2:15</a></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+4:1–6&version=63">Lamentations 4:1–4:6</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd responsory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tristis_est_anima_mea_(responsory)" title="Tristis est anima mea (responsory)">Tristis est anima mea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velum_templi" class="mw-redirect" title="Velum templi">Velum templi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem surge">Jerusalem surge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd reading </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+1:10–14&version=63">Lamentations 1:10–1:14</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+3:1–9&version=63">Lamentations 3:1–3:9</a></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+5:1–11&version=63">Lamentations 5:1–5:11</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd responsory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecce_vidimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecce vidimus">Ecce vidimus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vinea_mea" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinea mea">Vinea mea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plange_quasi_virgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Plange quasi virgo">Plange quasi virgo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <th colspan="3">Second Nocturn (readings from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Augustine">Saint Augustine</a>'s <i>Commentaries on the Psalms</i>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Liberavit Dominus </td> <td>Vim faciebant </td> <td>Elevamini </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#71:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 71</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#37:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 37</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#23:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 23</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Cogitaverunt impii </td> <td>Confundantur </td> <td>Credo videre </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#72:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 72</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#39:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 39</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#26:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 26</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Exsurge, Domine </td> <td>Alieni insurrexerunt </td> <td>Domine, abstraxisti </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#73:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 73</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#53:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 53</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#29:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 29</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Versicle </td> <td>Deus meus, eripe me </td> <td>Insurrexerunt in me </td> <td>Tu autem </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">Our Father (silent) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th reading </td> <td>from <i>Comm. on <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#54:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 54</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Aug54_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aug54-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2">from <i>Commentary on <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#63:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 63</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Aug63_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aug63-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th responsory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amicus_meus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amicus meus">Amicus meus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamquam_ad_latronem" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamquam ad latronem">Tamquam ad latronem</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Recessit_pastor_noster" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessit pastor noster">Recessit pastor noster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th reading </td> <td>from <i>Comm. on <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#54:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 54</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Aug54_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aug54-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2">from <i>Commentary on <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#63:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 63</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Aug63_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aug63-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th responsory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judas_mercator_pessimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Judas mercator pessimus">Judas mercator pessimus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae_factae_sunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenebrae factae sunt">Tenebrae factae sunt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_vos_omnes" title="O vos omnes">O vos omnes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th reading </td> <td>from <i>Comm. on <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#54:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 54</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Aug54_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aug54-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2">from <i>Commentary on <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#63:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 63</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Aug63_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aug63-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th responsory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unus_ex_discipulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Unus ex discipulis">Unus ex discipulis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animam_meam_dilectam" class="mw-redirect" title="Animam meam dilectam">Animam meam dilectam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecce_quomodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecce quomodo">Ecce quomodo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <th colspan="3">Third Nocturn (readings from two <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament epistles">New Testament epistles</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Dixi iniquis </td> <td>Ab insurgentibus </td> <td>Deus adjuvat me </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#74:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 74</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#58:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 58</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#53:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 53</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>7th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Terra tremuit </td> <td>Longe fecisti </td> <td>In pace factus </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#75:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 75</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#87:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 87</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#75:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 75</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>In die tribulationis </td> <td>Captabunt </td> <td>Factus sum </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#76:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 76</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#93:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 93</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#87:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 87</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Versicle </td> <td>Exsurge, Domine </td> <td><span class="nowrap">Locuti sunt adversum me</span> </td> <td>In pace factus est </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">Our Father (silent) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th reading </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11:17–22&version=63">1 Corinthians 11:17–11:22</a></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+4:11–15&version=63">Hebrews 4:11–4:15</a></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9:11–14&version=63">Hebrews 9:11–9:14</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th responsory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eram_quasi_agnus_innocens" class="mw-redirect" title="Eram quasi agnus innocens">Eram quasi agnus innocens</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tradiderunt_me" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradiderunt me">Tradiderunt me</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astiterunt_reges_terrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Astiterunt reges terrae">Astiterunt reges terrae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th reading </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11:23–26&version=63">1 Corinthians 11:23–11:26</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+4:16–5:3&version=63">Hebrews 4:16–5:3</a></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9:15–18&version=63">Hebrews 9:15–9:18</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th responsory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Una_hora" class="mw-redirect" title="Una hora">Una hora</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jesum_tradidit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesum tradidit">Jesum tradidit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aestimatus_sum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aestimatus sum">Aestimatus sum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th reading </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11:27–34&version=63">1 Corinthians 11:27–11:34</a></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+5:4–10&version=63">Hebrews 5:4–5:10</a></span></span> </td> <td><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9:19–22&version=63">Hebrews 9:19–9:22</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th responsory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seniores_populi" class="mw-redirect" title="Seniores populi">Seniores populi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caligaverunt_oculi_mei" class="mw-redirect" title="Caligaverunt oculi mei">Caligaverunt oculi mei</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sepulto_Domino" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepulto Domino">Sepulto Domino</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <th colspan="3" style="background: #ffdead;">Lauds </th></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Justificeris, Domine </td> <td>Proprio Filio </td> <td>O mors </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#50:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 50</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">Miserere</a>) </td> <td>10th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Dominus tamquam ovis </td> <td>Anxiatus est </td> <td>Plangent eum </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#89:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 89</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#142:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 142</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#91:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 91</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pre-1912)<br />Psalm 91<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from 1912) </td> <td>11th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Contritum est cor meum </td> <td>Ait latro ad latronem </td> <td>Attendite </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#62:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalms 62</a>+<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#66:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">66</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pss62+66_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pss62+66-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pre-1912)<br /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#35:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 35</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from 1912) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#62:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalms 62</a>+<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#66:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">66</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pss62+66_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pss62+66-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pre-1912)<br /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#84:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 84</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from 1912) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#62:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalms 62</a>+<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#66:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">66</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pss62+66_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pss62+66-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pre-1912)<br /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#63:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 63</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from 1912) </td> <td>12th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Exhortatus es </td> <td>Dum conturbata </td> <td>A porta inferi </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canticle" title="Canticle">canticle</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canticle_of_Moses" class="mw-redirect" title="Canticle of Moses">Canticle of Moses</a><br /><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+15:1–18&version=63">Exodus 15:1–15:18</a></span></span> </td> <td>Canticle of <a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habacuc</a><br /><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Habakkuk+3:2–19&version=63">Habakkuk 3:2–3:19</a></span></span> </td> <td>Canticle of <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Ezechias</a><br /><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+38:10–20&version=63">Isaiah 38:10–38:20</a></span></span> </td> <td>13th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Oblatus est </td> <td>Memento mei </td> <td>O vos omnes qui transitis </td></tr> <tr> <th>Psalm </th> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#148:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalms 148</a>+<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#149:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">149</a>+<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#150:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">150</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pss148-150_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pss148-150-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pre-1912)<br /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#146:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 146</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from 1912) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#148:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalms 148</a>+<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#149:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">149</a>+<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#150:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">150</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pss148-150_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pss148-150-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pre-1912)<br /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#147:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 147</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from 1912) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#148:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalms 148</a>+<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#149:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">149</a>+<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#150:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">150</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pss148-150_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pss148-150-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pre-1912)<br /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#150:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 150</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from 1912) </td> <td>14th candle extinguished at end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Versicle </td> <td>Homo pacis meae </td> <td>Collocavit me </td> <td>Caro mea </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antiphon </td> <td>Traditor autem </td> <td>Posuerunt super caput </td> <td>Mulieres sedentes </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a> </th> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Canticle_of_Zachary" class="mw-redirect" title="Canticle of Zachary">Canticle of Zachary</a><br /> <span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+1:68–79&version=63">Luke 1:68–1:79</a></span></span> </td> <td>Altar candles extinguished at<br />different verses of Benedictus;<br />Last burning candle hidden<br />after repeat of antiphon </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christus_factus_est" title="Christus factus est">Christus factus est</a> (based on <span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Philippians+2:8–9&version=63">Philippians 2:8–2:9</a></span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">Our Father (silent) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi#50:1" class="extiw" title="s:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Psalmi">Psalm 50</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">Miserere</a>), omitted after 1955<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Prayer </th> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">Respice quaesumus </td> <td>Followed by <i>strepitus</i>;<br />last candle brought back </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music">Music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lamentations_of_Jeremiah_the_Prophet" title="Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet">Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%A7ons_de_t%C3%A9n%C3%A8bres" title="Leçons de ténèbres">Leçons de ténèbres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Responsories_for_Holy_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Responsories for Holy Week">Responsories for Holy Week</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Psalm_51#Musical_settings" title="Psalm 51">Psalm 51 § Musical settings</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremia_Lamentationes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jeremia_Lamentationes.jpg/220px-Jeremia_Lamentationes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jeremia_Lamentationes.jpg/330px-Jeremia_Lamentationes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jeremia_Lamentationes.jpg/440px-Jeremia_Lamentationes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>"The saddest melody within the whole range of music": the opening of the Tenebrae chanting of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Book of Lamentations</a> of the Prophet Jeremiah</figcaption></figure> <p>The lessons of the first <a href="/wiki/Nocturn" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturn">nocturn</a> at <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">matins</a> are taken on all three days from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Book of Lamentations</a> and are sung to a specific <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Reciting_tone" title="Reciting tone">reciting tone</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has been called "the saddest melody within the whole range of music".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lamentations_of_Jeremiah_the_Prophet" title="Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet">Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet</a> have been set to polyphonic music by many composers, including <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Palestrina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Tallis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orlande_de_Lassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlande de Lassus">Lassus</a>. Such High-Renaissance polyphonic choral settings of Lamentations at Tenebrae, culminating in those of Lassus (1584), share the same texts with, but in musical idiom are to be distinguished from, the French Baroque genre of <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%A7ons_de_t%C3%A9n%C3%A8bres" title="Leçons de ténèbres">Leçons de ténèbres</a>, as composed by <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a> (54 settings, H.91 - H.144), <a href="/wiki/Michel_Lambert" title="Michel Lambert">Michel Lambert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Couperin" title="François Couperin">François Couperin</a>. In the 20th century <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Ernst Krenek</a> wrote a <i><a href="/wiki/Lamentatio_Jeremiae_prophetae_(Krenek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamentatio Jeremiae prophetae (Krenek)">Lamentatio Jeremiae prophetae</a></i>, Op. 93 (1941–1942), and <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> composed <i><a href="/wiki/Threni_(Stravinsky)" title="Threni (Stravinsky)">Threni</a></i> (1957–1958). </p><p>Each day, the lessons of the second nocturn are from writings of <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Augustine">St. Augustine</a>, and the lessons of the third nocturn from two <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament epistles">New Testament epistles</a>. These are chanted to the ordinary <a href="/wiki/Reciting_tone" title="Reciting tone">lesson tone</a> and have been relatively neglected by composers, though there are a few settings by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cardoso_(composer)" title="Manuel Cardoso (composer)">Manuel Cardoso</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tenebrae_responsories" title="Tenebrae responsories">Tenebrae responsories</a> have been set by, among others, <a href="/wiki/Lassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lassus">Lassus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gesualdo" title="Carlo Gesualdo">Gesualdo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Luis_de_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomas Luis de Victoria">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Antonio_Vallotti" title="Francesco Antonio Vallotti">Francesco Antonio Vallotti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Dismas_Zelenka" title="Jan Dismas Zelenka">Jan Dismas Zelenka</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Allegri" title="Gregorio Allegri">Gregorio Allegri</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Miserere_(Allegri)" title="Miserere (Allegri)">setting of the <i>Miserere</i> psalm</a>, to be sung at the Tenebrae Lauds, is one of the best known compositions for the service. Also Gesualdo includes a setting of that psalm in his <i><a href="/wiki/Responsoria_et_alia_ad_Officium_Hebdomadae_Sanctae_spectantia" class="mw-redirect" title="Responsoria et alia ad Officium Hebdomadae Sanctae spectantia">Responsoria et alia ad Officium Hebdomadae Sanctae spectantia</a></i>, along with a setting of the Benedictus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Rite_since_1970">Roman Rite since 1970</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roman Rite since 1970"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catholic_Tenebrae_service.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Catholic_Tenebrae_service.jpg/220px-Catholic_Tenebrae_service.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Catholic_Tenebrae_service.jpg/330px-Catholic_Tenebrae_service.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Catholic_Tenebrae_service.jpg/440px-Catholic_Tenebrae_service.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A modern Tenebrae service in a Catholic church on <a href="/wiki/Spy_Wednesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy Wednesday">Spy Wednesday</a> 2019, adapted by, for instance, replacing the 15-candle hearse with individual candlesticks for a much smaller number of candles and omitting the six altar candles</figcaption></figure> <p>After the 1970 revision of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a>, now called the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a>, a 1988 circular letter from the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Divine_Worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Divine Worship">Congregation for Divine Worship</a> recommended communal celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Readings" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Readings">Office of Readings</a> and Morning Prayer − which were formerly called matins and lauds − on Good Friday and Holy Saturday, and remarked that this office was "formerly called 'Tenebrae'".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>General Instruction of the Liturgy of the Hours</i> says: "Before morning Lauds on Good Friday and Holy Saturday, the Office of Readings is, if possible, to be celebrated publicly and with the people taking part."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Ceremonial of Bishops</i> (1984) says: "It is also desirable that, if at all possible, the bishop take part with the clergy and people in the office of readings and morning prayer on Good Friday and Holy Saturday."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Office of Readings and Morning Prayer have only 6 psalms (3 in either hour), not the older form's 14, after each of which a candle was extinguished. The readings are no longer 3, divided into 9 sections, but 2 longer readings, and there is provision for extending the Office of Readings on more solemn occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the older form, liturgical practice on those days differed from that on other days, even those of Lent: for instance, <i>Gloria Patri</i> was not included at the end of psalms and responsories.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office of Tenebrae was abandoned at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> in Jerusalem only in 1977 − although the rule against anticipation of Matins and Lauds to the previous evening was already in effect there − because the times of Catholic Holy Week services had to remain unchanged due to the established rights of other churches.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i> (2007) permits clerics bound to recitation of the Divine Office to use the 1961 Roman Breviary. Several religious and secular institutes and societies of apostolic life have availed themselves of this permission. The 1955 and 1960 changes incorporated into that edition of the Breviary continue to exclude anticipation of matins and lauds to the previous evening, whether celebrated with or without the Tenebrae ceremonies. </p><p>Services called Tenebrae, differing in several respects from the original form and not necessarily connected with <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>, are held even where the pre-Vatican II 1961 Roman Breviary is not used: </p> <ul><li>The Jesuit Institute provides a service, denominated Tenebrae, without psalms and not necessarily in darkness, in which a candle is extinguished after the reading of each of seven Scripture passages related to the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A modified form of the old-style Tenebrae that leaves the church in darkness is used by the <a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_Saint_John_Cantius" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius">Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius</a> in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Several Catholic cathedrals and other churches arrange one-off services with Gregorian chant and polyphonic music from the traditional Tenebrae service, sometimes as an evening concert.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Unlike the original well-attended Tenebrae, these modern adaptations have attracted little attention on the part of musical composers. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Western_Christian_Churches">Other Western Christian Churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other Western Christian Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_Side_of_Good_Friday_Church_Bulletin_(Faith_Lutheran_Church).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/Front_Side_of_Good_Friday_Church_Bulletin_%28Faith_Lutheran_Church%29.jpg/260px-Front_Side_of_Good_Friday_Church_Bulletin_%28Faith_Lutheran_Church%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/Front_Side_of_Good_Friday_Church_Bulletin_%28Faith_Lutheran_Church%29.jpg/390px-Front_Side_of_Good_Friday_Church_Bulletin_%28Faith_Lutheran_Church%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/Front_Side_of_Good_Friday_Church_Bulletin_%28Faith_Lutheran_Church%29.jpg/520px-Front_Side_of_Good_Friday_Church_Bulletin_%28Faith_Lutheran_Church%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The front cover of a Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Church_bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="Church bulletin">church bulletin</a> for <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, describing the significance, as well as the summary of components, of a typical tenebrae <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">service</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Protestant_denomination" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant denomination">Protestant denominations</a> retained elements of the Roman Tenebrae liturgy, or added others. The Tenebrae services in the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> traditions, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a> (inclusive of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Reformed">Continental Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a> denominations) churches that hold them, all contain "the pattern of extinguishing the candles (and the overhead lights) and restoring the Christ candle", along with the <i>strepitus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-RW1986_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW1986-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some liturgical <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> congregations also hold Tenebrae Services.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variations of Tenebrae are sometimes celebrated in less formal or <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">non-denominational churches</a> as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lutheran_practice">Lutheran practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lutheran practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> churches that observe the celebration, the Tenebrae service is typically held on Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday) as the following days that form the Paschal Triduum have set liturgies.<sup id="cite_ref-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henson2021_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henson2021-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a gradual dimming of the lights and extinguishing of the candles as the service progresses.<sup id="cite_ref-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toward the end of the service, the Christ candle, if present, is removed from the sanctuary.<sup id="cite_ref-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A concluding <i>Strepitus</i>, or loud noise, typically made by slamming shut the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, is made, symbolizing the earthquake that took place, and the agony of creation, at the death of Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays_78-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Certain <a href="/wiki/Tenebrae_responsory" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenebrae responsory">Tenebrae responsory</a> settings have led their own life in Lutheran practice, for instance: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Handl" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Handl">Jacob Handl</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ecce_quomodo_moritur_justus_(Gallus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecce quomodo moritur justus (Gallus)">Ecce quomodo moritur justus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Tristis_est_anima_mea_(attributed_to_Kuhnau)" title="Tristis est anima mea (attributed to Kuhnau)">Tristis est anima mea</a></i> setting attributed to <a href="/wiki/Johann_Kuhnau" title="Johann Kuhnau">Johann Kuhnau</a><sup id="cite_ref-Melamed_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melamed-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglican_practice">Anglican practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Anglican practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most Anglican churches that celebrate the Tenebrae service do so only on Wednesday, so as not to deflect attention from the Holy Thursday and Good Friday practices. But this practice is not universal. </p><p>In its Book of Occasional Services, the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church (United States)</a> provides for a single Tenebrae service on Holy Wednesday in the evening. That service preserves the number of nine Tenebrae lessons, each followed by a responsory.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Church Publishing also offers a booklet called, In the Shadows of Holy Week: The Office of Tenebrae. It provides the full ancient form of Tenebrae as it appears in basic outline in The Book of Occasional Services. This booklet develops that outline providing all of the materials necessary for a recitation of the office: All of the psalms, canticles, responsories, antiphons, and readings are reproduced in full. Rubrics guide participants through each phase of the service. <sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parishes of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Anglican Church of Canada</a> that do celebrate Tenebrae follow a variety of practices. The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Mary_Magdalene_(Toronto)" title="Church of St. Mary Magdalene (Toronto)">Church of St. Mary Magdalene (Toronto)</a> is notable for the excellence of its music, of which the musical Tenebrae services are exemplary. Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton) uses Tenebrae in a sung traditional language form on the Wednesday evening of Holy Week which includes lessons from Jeremiah with responding psalms, the fourth being from John 17, and Benedictus. At the Church of the Epiphany (Oakville) Tenebrae is described as the reversal of the Advent wreath: "starting Lent with the brightness of six candles, the darkness grows as a candle is extinguished each week in anticipation of Jesus dying on the cross on Good Friday." This abbreviated Tenebrae liturgy begins worship services on Sundays during Lent.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisterhood_of_Saint_John_the_Divine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sisterhood of Saint John the Divine (page does not exist)">Sisterhood of Saint John the Divine</a> have their own liturgy, "The Order of Tenebrae", published in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methodist_practice">Methodist practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Methodist practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> tradition, fourteen candles, along with a central Christ candle, are lit on the Tenebrae hearse after the Opening Prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-UMBOW2016_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UMBOW2016-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are consequently extinguished after each of the Tenebrae lessons.<sup id="cite_ref-UMBOW2016_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UMBOW2016-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the reading of the sixteenth lesson, the Christ candle on the Tenebrae hearse is extinguished and then the <a href="/wiki/Church_bell" title="Church bell">church bells</a> are tolled.<sup id="cite_ref-UMBOW2016_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UMBOW2016-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sixteenth lesson is read in darkness, followed by the conclusion of the liturgy.<sup id="cite_ref-UMBOW2016_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UMBOW2016-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish_National_Catholic_practice">Polish National Catholic practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Polish National Catholic practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Catholic_Church" title="Polish National Catholic Church">Polish National Catholic</a> service usually takes place on Good Friday, mostly at night. A standing cross is put on the altar with a black veil over it and 12 to 14 candles are placed behind it. The service has a combination of <a href="/wiki/Bitter_Lamentations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter Lamentations">Bitter Lamentations</a>, Matins, and Vespers. Several of the PNCC clergy, vested with <a href="/wiki/Cantor_(church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantor (church)">cantors</a>, are seated at the high place and the service is chanted. Gradually a minor cleric puts out each candle except for the top one that is taken around the sanctuary into the <a href="/wiki/Vestry" title="Vestry">vestry</a>. At that time a moment of silence is held for Christ's death. Then the candle is placed back; the lights in the church are turned back on; and the final hymns are sung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reformed_practice">Reformed practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reformed practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a> versions of Tenebrae service, particularly on Maundy Thursday or Good Friday, often contain readings from the gospels which describe the time between the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">Passion of Christ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RW1986_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW1986-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Orthodox_practice">Western Orthodox practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Western Orthodox practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Rite Orthodox">Western Rite Orthodox</a> parishes observe the service of Tenebrae<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Among the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> Orthodox the nearest equivalent is <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> of <a href="/wiki/Great_Friday" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Friday">Great Friday</a>, when a candlestick with 12 candles is set up<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in the center of the <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temple</a> behind the <a href="/wiki/Analogion" title="Analogion">analogion</a> from which the Twelve Passion Gospels are read. However, here after each reading one of the candles is lit rather than extinguished.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>New Oxford American Dictionary</i> (Second ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Oxford+American+Dictionary&rft.edition=Second&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kosloski2017-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kosloski2017_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosloski2017" class="citation book cs1">Kosloski, Philip (12 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleteia.org/2017/04/12/into-the-darkness-of-good-friday-the-ancient-liturgy-of-tenebrae/"><i>Into the darkness of Good Friday: The ancient liturgy of Tenebrae</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>On each day of Tenebrae (Spy Wednesday, Holy Thursday and Good Friday) a special triangular candelabrum (called a Tenebrae hearse) is displayed, traditionally holding 15 candles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Into+the+darkness+of+Good+Friday%3A+The+ancient+liturgy+of+Tenebrae&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft.aulast=Kosloski&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faleteia.org%2F2017%2F04%2F12%2Finto-the-darkness-of-good-friday-the-ancient-liturgy-of-tenebrae%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/tenebrae#websters">Webster's New World College Dictionary (2014)</a> defines Tenebrae as "a Holy Week night service (Wednesday through Friday), formerly widely observed in the Western Church, consisting of group recitation of Matins and Lauds of the following day in commemoration of Christ's death and burial". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/tenebrae">Collins English Dictionary</a> (British usage) gives: "(formerly) the matins and lauds for Thursday, Friday, and Saturday of Holy Week, usually sung in the evenings or at night.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kosloski2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kosloski2018_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosloski2018" class="citation web cs1">Kosloski, Philip (28 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleteia.org/2018/03/28/what-is-spy-wednesday/">"What is "Spy Wednesday"?"</a>. Aleteia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>From Wednesday onward, Judas secretly watched for a chance to turn Jesus over to the chief priests, and so many Christians labeled this day as "Spy Wednesday." In the same vein various cultures reflected the somber mood of this day by calling it "Black Wednesday" or "Wednesday of Shadows," which also corresponds to the liturgical rite of Tenebrae that is celebrated on this day.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+%22Spy+Wednesday%22%3F&rft.pub=Aleteia&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft.aulast=Kosloski&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faleteia.org%2F2018%2F03%2F28%2Fwhat-is-spy-wednesday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PECUSA2018-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PECUSA2018_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Book of Occasional Services</i>. <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States">Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States</a>. 2018. <q>In this book, provision is made for Tenebrae on Wednesday evening only, in order that the proper liturgies of Maundy Thursday and Good Friday may find their place as the principal services of those days.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Occasional+Services&rft.pub=Protestant+Episcopal+Church+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RW1986-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RW1986_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RW1986_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RW1986_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoonstra1986" class="citation web cs1">Boonstra, Harry (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reformedworship.org/article/december-1986/tenebrae">"Tenebrae"</a>. Reformed Worship<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2018</span>. <q>Tenebrae services today, usually held on one day instead of three, follow many of the ancient customs. The pastor and members of the congregation read a number of Scripture passages— either the traditional fourteen or fewer. Often these passages are not psalms but rather portions of the Passion story. But no matter which Scripture and music are selected, the pattern of extinguishing the candles (and the overhead lights) and restoring the Christ candle remains the same. Some churches accentuate the darkness by tolling the bells.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tenebrae&rft.pub=Reformed+Worship&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Boonstra&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reformedworship.org%2Farticle%2Fdecember-1986%2Ftenebrae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuehlmann2008" class="citation web cs1">Ruehlmann, Greg (21 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bustedhalo.com/features/in-the-dark">"In the Dark"</a>. Busted Halo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>It has not been popular in decades, and it would be misleading to call it a "best-kept secret" of the Catholic Church—it's celebrated by some mainline Anglican and Lutheran communities as well.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+the+Dark&rft.pub=Busted+Halo&rft.date=2008-03-21&rft.aulast=Ruehlmann&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbustedhalo.com%2Ffeatures%2Fin-the-dark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Monti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ErAQU5bT2LkC&dq=tenebrae+%22ON+THE+MORNINGS+OF%22&pg=PA79"><i>The Week of Salvation: History and Traditions of Holy Week</i> p. 79 ff.</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0879735325" title="Special:BookSources/0879735325">0879735325</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879735326" title="Special:BookSources/9780879735326">9780879735326</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tenebrae-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tenebrae_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tenebrae_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert Thurston, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14506a.htm">Tenebrae</a>," <i>Catholic Encyclopedia,</i> vol. 14 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sQATBgAAQBAJ&dq=liturgies+tenebrae+darkness&pg=PT43">Theresa Sanders, "Festivals of Holy Pain : In the Wake of Good Friday" in Marko Zlomislic, Neal DeRoo (editors), <i>Cross and Khora</i> (Wipf and Stock 2010)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Matins and lauds are not anticipated in the evening, but are said in the morning, at the proper hour. In cathedral churches, however, since the Mass of the Chrism is celebrated in the morning of Thursday of the Lord's Supper, Matins and Lauds of the same Thursday can be anticipated in the evening." Decree <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=11136"><i>Maxima redemptionis nostrae mysteria</i> (16 November 1955)</a>, No. 5, §2, translated from <a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-47-1955-ocr.pdf">47 (1955)</a>, pp. 838–847.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarini1962" class="citation book cs1">Marini, Piero (1962-06-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DhnbGGkNvwwC&q=john+xxiii+breviary+1961&pg=PR16"><i>Piero Marini, </i>A Challenging Reform: Realizing the Vision of the Liturgical Renewal, 1963–1975<i> (Liturgical Press 2007), quotation: "new standard editions of the Breviary (April 5, 1961)" ..."</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814630358" title="Special:BookSources/9780814630358"><bdi>9780814630358</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Piero+Marini%2C+A+Challenging+Reform%3A+Realizing+the+Vision+of+the+Liturgical+Renewal%2C+1963%E2%80%931975+%28Liturgical+Press+2007%29%2C+quotation%3A+%22new+standard+editions+of+the+Breviary+%28April+5%2C+1961%29%22+...%22&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1962-06-23&rft.isbn=9780814630358&rft.aulast=Marini&rft.aufirst=Piero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDhnbGGkNvwwC%26q%3Djohn%2Bxxiii%2Bbreviary%2B1961%26pg%3DPR16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradshaw2012" class="citation book cs1">Bradshaw, Paul (2012-06-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8FupAwAAQBAJ&q=%22released+in+1961%22+breviary&pg=PT194"><i>Paul Bradshaw and Maxwell E. Johnson, </i>The Eucharistic Liturgies: Their evolution and interpretation<i> (SPCK 2012), quotation: "A new Roman Breviary was released in 1961"</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780281068081" title="Special:BookSources/9780281068081"><bdi>9780281068081</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+Bradshaw+and+Maxwell+E.+Johnson%2C+The+Eucharistic+Liturgies%3A+Their+evolution+and+interpretation+%28SPCK+2012%29%2C+quotation%3A+%22A+new+Roman+Breviary+was+released+in+1961%22&rft.date=2012-06-21&rft.isbn=9780281068081&rft.aulast=Bradshaw&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8FupAwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522released%2Bin%2B1961%2522%2Bbreviary%26pg%3DPT194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFlisar1@charter.net2015" class="citation web cs1">lisar1@charter.net (2015-11-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magnificatmedia.com/liturgical-books-of-the-roman-liturgy/">"Liturgical Books of the Roman Liturgy"</a>. Magnificat Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liturgical+Books+of+the+Roman+Liturgy&rft.pub=Magnificat+Media&rft.date=2015-11-11&rft.au=lisar1%40charter.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magnificatmedia.com%2Fliturgical-books-of-the-roman-liturgy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Latin Mass Society: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lmswrexham.weebly.com/news-blog/the-changes-to-the-breviary-in-the-60s-and-70s">The changes to the Breviary in the 60's and 70's</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"If the Office is recited in choir or in common, matins is not anticipated the evening before, but is said in the morning at a suitable hour. In churches where the Mass of the Chrism is celebrated, however, matins may be anticipated the evening before." Introductory rubric, Matins, Thursday of the Lord’s Supper, The Hours of the Divine Office in English and Latin, vol. 2 (Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 1964) p. 1099. "In accord with the typical edition."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benzinger1875-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Benzinger1875_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benzinger1875_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/completeofficeh00churgoog#page/n178/mode/2up"><i>The Complete Office of Holy Week According to the Roman Missal and Breviary, in Latin and English</i>, pp. 184–250; 282–336; 380–418</a> Benziger brothers, 1875</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guéranger1870-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guéranger1870_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guéranger1870_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Gu%C3%A9ranger" title="Prosper Guéranger">Prosper Guéranger</a>, translated by Laurence Shepherd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/liturgicalyear06gura#page/304/mode/2up"><i>Passiontide and Holy Week</i>, Volume VI of The Liturgical Year, pp. 304–352; 414–450; 519–546</a> Dublin, 1870.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leo Kelly, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14506a.htm">Tenebrae Hearse</a>," <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>, vol. 7 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herdt-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herdt_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herdt_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kAWH1Ya4rCsC&dq=herdt+%22post+finem%22&pg=PA41">P. J. B. de Herdt, <i>Sacrae liturgiae praxis, juxta ritum romanum</i> (Vanlinthout, Louvain, 1863), vol. 3, p. 41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceremoniaire.net/guide/jeudi_st/triduum_classique.html#VI.II"><i>De l'office des Ténèbres, Cérémonies à observer</i>, 338,3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Fortescue" title="Adrian Fortescue">Adrian Fortescue</a>, <i>The Ceremonies of the Roman Rite Described</i>, 1917, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakewoodsound.com/quilisma/pdf_files/liber_seasonal/13_triduum_maundy_thursday_tenebrae.pdf">1924 Liber Usualis, with modern musical notation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheLiberUsualis1961/page/n771">Liber Usualis 1961 edition on archive.org</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanctamissa.org/en/music/gregorian-chant/choir/liber-usualis-1961.pdf">on sanctamissa.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217002346/https://sanctamissa.org/en/music/gregorian-chant/choir/liber-usualis-1961.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-02-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+70&version=63">Psalm 70</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+26&version=63">Psalm 26</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+15&version=63">Psalm 15</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+71&version=63">Psalm 71</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+37&version=63">Psalm 37</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+23&version=63">Psalm 23</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+72&version=63">Psalm 72</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+39&version=63">Psalm 39</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+26&version=63">Psalm 26</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+73&version=63">Psalm 73</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+53&version=63">Psalm 53</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+29&version=63">Psalm 29</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aug54-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aug54_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aug54_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aug54_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1801055.htm">Augustine, <i>Exposition on Psalm 55</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aug63-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aug63_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aug63_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aug63_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1801064.htm">Augustine, <i>Exposition on Psalm 64</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+74&version=63">Psalm 74</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Psalm] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |3= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+91&version=63">Psalm 91</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pss62+66-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pss62+66_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pss62+66_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pss62+66_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+62&version=63">Psalm 62</a></span></span>+<span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+66&version=63">Psalm 66</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+35&version=63">Psalm 35</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+84&version=63">Psalm 84</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+63&version=63">Psalm 63</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pss148-150-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pss148-150_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pss148-150_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pss148-150_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+148–150&version=63">Psalm 148–150</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+146&version=63">Psalm 146</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+147&version=63">Psalm 147</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+150&version=63">Psalm 150</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+50&version=63">Psalm 50</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Breviarium Romanum 1981 (totum), pp. 501, 512, 521</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicasacra.com/pdf/liberusualis.pdf">Liber Usualis 1981, p. 660, also referenced on pp. 719, 776C</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicasacra.com/pdf/liberusualis.pdf">Liber Usualis, p. 631</a>. Other Gregorian melodic patterns are found in manuscripts, but only this one is now commonly used (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0012_0_11786.html">Lamentations, Book of.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Km0hCgAAQBAJ&dq=tenebrae+saddest+melody&pg=PT161">John F. Sullivan, <i>The Externals of the Catholic Church</i> (Aeterna Press 1951)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Congregation for Divine Worship, Circular Letter <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.net/library/CURIA/CDWEASTF.HTM">Paschalis sollemnitatis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040737/http://www.ewtn.net/library/CURIA/CDWEASTF.HTM">Archived</a> 2011-07-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Concerning the Preparation and Celebration of the Easter Feasts (16 January 1988), n. 40: <i>Notitiae</i> 24 (1988) pp. 81–107: "It is recommended that there be a communal celebration of the Office of Readings and Morning Prayer on Good Friday and Holy Saturday. It is fitting that the bishop should celebrate the Office in the cathedral, with as far as possible the participation of the clergy and people. This Office, formerly called 'Tenebrae', held a special place in the devotion of the faithful as they meditated upon the passion, death and burial of the Lord, while awaiting the announcement of the resurrection."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liturgyoffice.org.uk/Resources/Rites/GILH.pdf"><i>The General Instruction of the Liturgy of the Hours, 210</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Congregation for Divine Worship, <i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6remoniale_Episcoporum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cæremoniale Episcoporum">Ceremonial of Bishops</a></i> (1984), n. 296; also nn. 189 and 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/curia/cdwgilh.htm">General Instruction of the Liturgy of the Hours</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705220739/http://www.ewtn.com/library/curia/cdwgilh.htm">Archived</a> 2019-07-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 73; Ceremonial of Bishops (1984), 214–216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/music/gregorian-chant/choir/liber-usualis-1961.html">Liber Usualis (1961)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226110111/http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/music/gregorian-chant/choir/liber-usualis-1961.html">Archived</a> 2014-02-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 625]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213302/http://servus.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/easter/Reform.html">"Reform of the Holy Week Liturgy at the Holy Sepulchre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://servus.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/easter/Reform.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reform+of+the+Holy+Week+Liturgy+at+the+Holy+Sepulchre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fservus.christusrex.org%2Fwww1%2Fofm%2Feaster%2FReform.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jesuitinstitute.org/Pages/Liturgy/Tenebrae.htm">"The Liturgy of Tenebrae"</a>. Jesuit Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Liturgy+of+Tenebrae&rft.pub=Jesuit+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjesuitinstitute.org%2FPages%2FLiturgy%2FTenebrae.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.org/prwire/headline.php?ID=6244">"Tenebrae for Holy Week – Back by Popular Demand"</a>. Catholic.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tenebrae+for+Holy+Week+%E2%80%93+Back+by+Popular+Demand&rft.pub=Catholic.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Fprwire%2Fheadline.php%3FID%3D6244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diosav.org/lent-2017/tenebrae">"Diocese of Savannah: Tenebrae Service and Concert"</a>. Diosav.org. 2017-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diocese+of+Savannah%3A+Tenebrae+Service+and+Concert&rft.pub=Diosav.org&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiosav.org%2Flent-2017%2Ftenebrae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dioceseoftrenton.org/events/tenebrae-service-1">"Tenebrae Service"</a>. Diocese of Trenton. 2017-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tenebrae+Service&rft.pub=Diocese+of+Trenton&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdioceseoftrenton.org%2Fevents%2Ftenebrae-service-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reginamag.com/time-bring-tenebrae-shadows/">"Regina magazine: Time to bring Tenebrae out of the shadows"</a>. Reginamag.com. 21 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regina+magazine%3A+Time+to+bring+Tenebrae+out+of+the+shadows&rft.pub=Reginamag.com&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freginamag.com%2Ftime-bring-tenebrae-shadows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ravensworth Baptist Church, <a href="/wiki/Annandale,_Virginia" title="Annandale, Virginia">Annandale, Virginia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs004/1102670663045/archive/1109564856566.html#LETTER.BLOCK19">"Holy Week 2012"</a> in <i>News from the Corner</i>, April 1–14, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays_78-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LivingLutheranTheThreeDays_78-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livinglutheran.org/2013/04/three-days-traditions-maundy-thursday-good-friday-vigil-easter/">"The Three Days: traditions of Maundy Thursday, Good Friday and the Vigil of Easter"</a>. Living Lutheran. 5 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Three+Days%3A+traditions+of+Maundy+Thursday%2C+Good+Friday+and+the+Vigil+of+Easter&rft.pub=Living+Lutheran&rft.date=2013-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livinglutheran.org%2F2013%2F04%2Fthree-days-traditions-maundy-thursday-good-friday-vigil-easter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henson2021-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henson2021_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenson2021" class="citation web cs1">Henson, Michael D. (31 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trinityh.org/live-stream-of-tenebrae-wed-at-3-pm-3-31/">"Tenebrae on Holy Wednesday"</a>. Trinity Lutheran Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tenebrae+on+Holy+Wednesday&rft.pub=Trinity+Lutheran+Church&rft.date=2021-03-31&rft.aulast=Henson&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrinityh.org%2Flive-stream-of-tenebrae-wed-at-3-pm-3-31%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomasz Jeż. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1439975/The_Motets_of_Jacob_Handl_in_Inter-confessional_Silesian_Liturgical_Practice">"The Motets of Jacob Handl in Inter-confessional Silesian Liturgical Practice"</a> in <i>De musica disserenda</i> III/2, 2007, pp. 37–48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melamed-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Melamed_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelamed1995" class="citation book cs1">Melamed, Daniel R. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JDlBMqI628UC&pg=PA148"><i>J.S. Bach and the German Motet</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 148–149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-52-141864-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-52-141864-X"><bdi>0-52-141864-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.S.+Bach+and+the+German+Motet&rft.pages=148-149&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-52-141864-X&rft.aulast=Melamed&rft.aufirst=Daniel+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJDlBMqI628UC%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Church_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Publishing">Church Publishing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3FZGE2CAdfUC&dq=%22Tenebrae+on+Wednesday+evening+only%22&pg=PA74"><i>The Book of Occasional Services • 2003</i>, pp. 74–83.</a> New York, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/089869664X" title="Special:BookSources/089869664X">089869664X</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898696646" title="Special:BookSources/9780898696646">9780898696646</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Church_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Publishing">Church Publishing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WcLtAQAAQBAJ&dq=In+the+Shadows+of+Holy+Week:+The+Office+of+Tenebrae.&pg=PR5"><i>In the Shadows of Holy Week: The Office of Tenebrae • 2002</i></a> United Kingdom, 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898697094" title="Special:BookSources/9780898697094">9780898697094</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://niagaraanglican.news/2017/05/11/an-idea-worth-sharing-lenten-tenebrae-liturgy/">"An idea worth sharing – Lenten Tenebrae Liturgy – The Niagara Anglican"</a>. Niagaraanglican.news. 11 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+idea+worth+sharing+%E2%80%93+Lenten+Tenebrae+Liturgy+%E2%80%93+The+Niagara+Anglican&rft.pub=Niagaraanglican.news&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fniagaraanglican.news%2F2017%2F05%2F11%2Fan-idea-worth-sharing-lenten-tenebrae-liturgy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Z7WAQAAQBAJ&q=Tenebrae&pg=PA268"><i>A Journey Just Begun: The Story of an Anglican Sisterhood – The Sisterhood of St. John the Divine – Google Books</i></a>. Dundurn. 2015-02-21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781459723702" title="Special:BookSources/9781459723702"><bdi>9781459723702</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Journey+Just+Begun%3A+The+Story+of+an+Anglican+Sisterhood+%E2%80%93+The+Sisterhood+of+St.+John+the+Divine+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2015-02-21&rft.isbn=9781459723702&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Z7WAQAAQBAJ%26q%3DTenebrae%26pg%3DPA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UMBOW2016-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UMBOW2016_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UMBOW2016_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UMBOW2016_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UMBOW2016_86-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The United Methodist Book of Worship</i>. Kingswood Books. 5 April 2016. pp. 299–301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781426735004" title="Special:BookSources/9781426735004"><bdi>9781426735004</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+Methodist+Book+of+Worship&rft.pages=299-301&rft.pub=Kingswood+Books&rft.date=2016-04-05&rft.isbn=9781426735004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATenebrae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uccfiles.com/docs/ww040612.doc">"Tenebrae: Service of Shadows – Good Friday – April 6, 2012"</a> in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.org/worship_worship-ways_worship-ways-1">Worship Ways</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenebrae&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sistersofcarmel.com/tenebrae.php">Catholic devotions: Tenebrae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liturgies.net/Lent/Tenebrae.htm">An Episcopal Tenebrae service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14506a.htm">Tenebrae</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a> article</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07162c.htm">Tenebrae Hearse</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a> article</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714031444/http://www.mapc.com/html/03_worship/PDF/2008-03-21b-GF-Tenebrae.pdf">Presbyterian Tenebrae Order of Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.umc.org/interior.asp?ptid=1&mid=2874">United Methodist Church Tenebrae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalpurity.com/tenebrae.html">Sample non-denominational Tenebrae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jesuitinstitute.org/Pages/Liturgy/Tenebrae.htm">Tenebrae – The Jesuit Institute</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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id="Ordinary_Form_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1969_Calendar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Ordinary Form</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">1969 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Sunday" title="Advent Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sunday of Advent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Sunday of Advent">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">December 17 to 23</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/250px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/375px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/500px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Mary, Mother of God</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Baptism_of_the_Lord" title="Feast of the Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Presentation of the Lord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">5th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">2nd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">7th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Feast of the Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Nativity of John the Baptist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1960_Calendar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1960 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sunday of Advent">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sunday of Advent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Sunday of Advent">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rorate_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rorate Mass">Rorate Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">Greater Ferias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Winter Ember Days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Circumcision_of_Christ" title="Feast of the Circumcision of Christ">Octave Day of Christmas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus">Holy Name of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_season" title="Epiphany season">Epiphany Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Purification of Mary</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Spring Ember Days</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">P</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tenebrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">P</a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays after Easter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation Days</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i><sup><a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">P</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Pentecost Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Summer Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Feast of the Most Precious Blood">Precious Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Autumn Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Maternity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ffea7d"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>P = <a href="/wiki/Procession#Roman_Catholics" title="Procession">Ordinary Procession</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: gold;"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd><i>Italic font</i> marks the 10 <a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">holy days of obligation</a> in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Older calendars <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">pre-1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">Computus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easter_cycle" title="Easter cycle">Easter cycle</a></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">rites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">liturgies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Catholic Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Eucharistic liturgies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great">Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom">Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgical hours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> (nighttime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">Lauds</a> (early morning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)" title="Prime (liturgy)">Prime</a> (first hour of daylight)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terce" title="Terce">Terce</a> (third hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sext" title="Sext">Sext</a> (noon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nones_(liturgy)" title="Nones (liturgy)">Nones</a> (ninth hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a> (sunset/evening) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evensong" title="Evensong">Evensong</a> (Anglican Use Vespers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsha" title="Ramsha">Ramsha</a> (West Syriac Vespers)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compline" title="Compline">Compline</a> (end of the day)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other liturgical services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Exorcism in the Catholic Church">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">Funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procession#Catholic_Church" title="Procession">Procession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_hours" title="Book of hours">Book of hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_Daily_Office" title="Divine Worship: Daily Office">Divine Worship: Daily Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical" title="Pontifical">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Liturgical language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Liturgical<br />rites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin<br />liturgical rites</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Rite of Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Extraordinary Form</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Rite" title="African Rite">African Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquileian_Rite" title="Aquileian Rite">Aquileian Rite</a></li> <li>British <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Rite" title="Durham Rite">Durham Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Hereford" title="Use of Hereford">Hereford Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Sarum Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_York" title="Use of York">York Use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican Rite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Nautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa sicca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Venatoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic<br />Churches</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic<br />liturgy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar rite">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shrovetide" title="Shrovetide">Shrovetide</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Monday" title="Shrove Monday">Shrove Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastelavn" title="Fastelavn">Fastelavn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslenitsa" title="Maslenitsa">Maslenitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Lent proper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sunday_of_Lent" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sunday of Lent">First Sunday of Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Ember days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare Sunday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mothering_Sunday" title="Mothering Sunday">Mothering Sunday</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lenten_veil" title="Lenten veil">Lenten veil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenten_shrouds" title="Lenten shrouds">Lenten shrouds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_of_Sorrows" title="Friday of Sorrows">Friday of Sorrows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Regina_caelorum" title="Ave Regina caelorum">Ave Regina caelorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(music)" title="Passion (music)">Passion (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Passion_hymns" title="List of Passion hymns">Passion hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater" title="Stabat Mater">Stabat Mater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Ferias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Monday" title="Holy Monday">Holy Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Tuesday" title="Holy Tuesday">Holy Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Holy Wednesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tenebrae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crotalus_(instrument)" title="Crotalus (instrument)">Crotalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper_in_Christian_art" title="Last Supper in Christian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripping_of_the_Altar" title="Stripping of the Altar">Stripping of the Altar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi">Arma Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Descent from the Cross</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamentation_of_Christ" title="Lamentation of Christ">Lamentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_(liturgical)" title="Epitaphios (liturgical)">Epitaphios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_Thrinos" title="Epitaphios Thrinos">Encomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0" title="Pietà">Pietà</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sepulchre" title="Easter Sepulchre">Easter Sepulchre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer" title="Good Friday prayer">Good Friday prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer_for_the_Jews" title="Good Friday prayer for the Jews">for the Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorzkie_%C5%BCale" title="Gorzkie żale">Gorzkie żale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99conka" title="Święconka">Święconka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Fire" title="Holy Fire">Holy Fire</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumen_Christi" title="Lumen Christi">Lumen Christi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exsultet" title="Exsultet">Exsultet</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Christian_Initiation_of_Adults" class="mw-redirect" title="Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults">Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Judas" title="Burning of Judas">Burning of Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">Processions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Colombia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Popay%C3%A1n" title="Holy Week in Popayán">Popayán</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala" title="Holy Week processions in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Barcellona_Pozzo_di_Gotto" title="Holy Week in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto">Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Ruvo_di_Puglia" title="Holy Week in Ruvo di Puglia">Ruvo di Puglia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Week in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Mexico" title="Holy Week in Mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Taxco" title="Holy Week in Taxco">Taxco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_the_Philippines" title="Holy Week in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Braga" title="Holy Week in Braga">Braga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain" title="Holy Week in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Cuenca" title="Holy Week in Cuenca">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_M%C3%A1laga" title="Holy Week in Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Salamanca" title="Holy Week in Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="Holy Week in San Cristóbal de La Laguna">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Santa_Cruz_de_La_Palma" title="Holy Week in Santa Cruz de La Palma">Santa Cruz de La Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville" title="Holy Week in Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Valladolid" title="Holy Week in Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Viveiro" title="Holy Week in Viveiro">Viveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Zamora" title="Holy Week in Zamora">Zamora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Day" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art">Art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Road to Emmaus">Road to Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_service" title="Sunrise service">Sunrise service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">Date</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_for_Easter" title="List of dates for Easter">List of dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">Calculation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Liturgical features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostarion" title="Pentecostarion">Pentecostarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_trikirion" title="Paschal trikirion">Trikirion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bright_Week" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Bright_Week" title="Bright Week">Bright Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Amigus-dyngus" title="Śmigus-dyngus">Śmigus-dyngus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_whip" title="Easter whip">Easter whip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Tuesday" title="Easter Tuesday">Easter Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Wednesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Wednesday">Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Thursday">Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Friday" title="Easter Friday">Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Saturday" title="Easter Saturday">Saturday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">Second Sunday of Easter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radonitsa" title="Radonitsa">Radonitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">Third Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">Fourth Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Pentecost" title="Mid-Pentecost">Mid-Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">Fifth Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Ascensiontide" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascensiontide">Ascensiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Ascension of Jesus in Christian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Feast of the Ascension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenacle" title="Cenacle">Cenacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">Novena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias the Apostle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_traditions" title="Easter traditions">Traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_basket" title="Easter basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_bonnet" title="Easter bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bunny" title="Easter Bunny">Bunny</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bilby" title="Easter Bilby">Bilby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_seals_(philately)" title="Easter seals (philately)">Easter seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_food" title="Easter food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Greeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_Egg_play" title="Pace Egg play">Pace Egg play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_postcard" title="Easter postcard">Postcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouketopolemos" title="Rouketopolemos">Rouketopolemos</a></li> <li>Saitopolemos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoppio_del_carro" title="Scoppio del carro">Scoppio del carro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg" title="Easter egg">Easter eggs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_dance" title="Egg dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating" title="Egg decorating">Decorating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating_in_Slavic_culture" title="Egg decorating in Slavic culture">in Slavic culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_rolling" title="Egg rolling">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_hunt" title="Egg hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterbrunnen" title="Osterbrunnen">Osterbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tapping" title="Egg tapping">Tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_tree" title="Easter egg tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tossing" title="Egg tossing">Tossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pisanica_(Croatian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisanica (Croatian)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisanka_(Polish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisanka (Polish)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasika" title="Fasika">Ethiopia and Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Italy" title="Easter in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Latvia" title="Easter in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Poland" title="Easter in Poland">Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Pre-Christian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ēostre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Easter_Oratorio" title="Easter Oratorio">Easter Oratorio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Will_Mention_the_Loving-kindnesses" title="I Will Mention the Loving-kindnesses">I Will Mention the Loving-kindnesses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Easter_Festival_Overture" title="Russian Easter Festival Overture">Russian Easter Festival Overture</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Easter_Festival" title="Salzburg Easter Festival">Salzburg Easter Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Liturgical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Regina_caeli" title="Regina caeli">Regina caeli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimae_paschali_laudes" title="Victimae paschali laudes">Victimae paschali laudes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Cantatas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleib_bei_uns,_denn_es_will_Abend_werden,_BWV_6" title="Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden, BWV 6"><i>Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden</i>, BWV 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_lag_in_Todes_Banden,_BWV_4" title="Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4"><i>Christ lag in Todes Banden</i>, BWV 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Friede_sei_mit_dir,_BWV_158" title="Der Friede sei mit dir, BWV 158"><i>Der Friede sei mit dir</i>, BWV 158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Himmel_lacht!_Die_Erde_jubilieret,_BWV_31" title="Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret, BWV 31"><i>Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret</i>, BWV 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Herz,_das_seinen_Jesum_lebend_wei%C3%9F,_BWV_134" title="Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß, BWV 134"><i>Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß</i>, BWV 134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfreut_euch,_ihr_Herzen,_BWV_66" title="Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen, BWV 66"><i>Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen</i>, BWV 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ich_lebe,_mein_Herze,_zu_deinem_Erg%C3%B6tzen,_BWV_145" title="Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen, BWV 145"><i>Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen</i>, BWV 145</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_hymns" title="List of Easter hymns">Hymns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_Lord_Is_Risen_Today" title="Christ the Lord Is Risen Today">Christ the Lord Is Risen Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Is_Risen_Today" title="Jesus Christ Is Risen Today">Jesus Christ Is Risen Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_filii_et_filiae" title="O filii et filiae">O filii et filiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strife_is_O%27er,_the_Battle_Done" title="The Strife is O'er, the Battle Done">The Strife is O'er, the Battle Done</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Choral music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surrexit_a_mortuis" title="Surrexit a mortuis">Surrexit a mortuis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Film and TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_films" title="List of Easter films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_television_episodes" title="List of Easter television episodes">Television episodes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Season" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Octave" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Pentecost" class="mw-redirect" title="Octave of Pentecost">Octave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitsun" title="Whitsun">Whitsun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Monday" title="Whit Monday">Whit Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Tuesday" title="Whit Tuesday">Whit Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Ember days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_Priest" title="Feast of Christ the Priest">Feast of Christ the Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Feast of Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Feast of the Sacred Heart">Feast of the Sacred Heart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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