Home - Federation of American Scientists

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://fas.org/wp-content/themes/fas/assets/images/favicon.ico">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-N6TJX7F');</script>  <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Home - Federation of American Scientists</title> <meta name="description" content="FAS envisions a world where cutting-edge science, technology, ideas and talent are deployed to solve the biggest challenges of our time." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fas.org/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Home - Federation of American Scientists" /> <meta property="og:description" content="FAS envisions a world where cutting-edge science, technology, ideas and talent are deployed to solve the biggest challenges of our time." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://fas.org/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Federation of American Scientists" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-01T16:02:14+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FAS-SocialIcon.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="500" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@FAScientists" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://fas.org/","url":"https://fas.org/","name":"Home - Federation of American Scientists","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/#organization"},"datePublished":"2023-02-14T13:25:17+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-01T16:02:14+00:00","description":"FAS envisions a world where cutting-edge science, technology, ideas and talent are deployed to solve the biggest challenges of our time.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://fas.org/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://fas.org/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://fas.org/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/#website","url":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/","name":"Federation of American Scientists","description":"Striving For A Safer World Since 1945","publisher":{"@id":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/#organization","name":"Federation of American Scientists","alternateName":"FAS","url":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FAS-SocialCard.jpg","contentUrl":"https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FAS-SocialCard.jpg","width":500,"height":194,"caption":"Federation of American Scientists"},"image":{"@id":"https://fas.tghp.co.uk/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://twitter.com/FAScientists","https://www.linkedin.com/company/federation-of-american-scientists/"]}]}</script>  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Federation of American Scientists » Home Comments Feed" href="https://fas.org/home/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/fas.org\/wp\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.1.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode,e=(p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0),i.toDataURL());return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(p&&p.fillText)switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])?!1:!s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([129777,127995,8205,129778,127999],[129777,127995,8203,129778,127999])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(e=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(c(e.twemoji),c(e.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://fas.org/wp/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.1.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='classic-theme-styles-css' href='https://fas.org/wp/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css?ver=1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-purple-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red: url('#wp-duotone-blue-red');--wp--preset--duotone--midnight: url('#wp-duotone-midnight');--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green: url('#wp-duotone-purple-green');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange: url('#wp-duotone-blue-orange');--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://fas.org/wp-content/plugins/tablepress/css/build/default.css?ver=2.1.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://fas.org/wp-content/themes/fas/assets/dist/main.js?ver=1719331708' id='main-js'></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://fas.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://fas.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/2" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://fas.org/wp/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://fas.org/wp/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.1.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://fas.org/' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://fas.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://fas.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2F&format=xml" /> <style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";.site-header{background-color:#f4f4f4;border-bottom:1px solid #255979;z-index:100}.site-header:not(.site-nav-open .site-header){position:sticky;top:0}.site-header__inner{max-width:1440px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;height:60px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px}@media (max-width: 44.99em){.site-header__inner{padding-left:20px}}@media (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.site-header__inner{padding-left:30px}}@media (min-width: 64em){.site-header__inner{padding-left:40px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em){.site-header__inner{padding-right:20px}}@media (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.site-header__inner{padding-right:30px}}@media (min-width: 64em){.site-header__inner{padding-right:40px}}@media (min-width: 45em){.site-header__inner{height:80px}}.site-header__logo{display:flex}@media (min-width: 70em){.site-header__menu-toggle{display:none}}.site-header__menu-toggle-view,.site-header__menu-toggle-close{display:flex;cursor:pointer}.site-header__menu-toggle-close,.site-nav-open .site-header__menu-toggle .site-header__menu-toggle-view{display:none}.site-nav-open .site-header__menu-toggle .site-header__menu-toggle-close{display:flex}@media (max-width: 69.99em){.site-header__nav{display:none}.site-nav-open .site-header__nav{display:block}}@media (min-width: 70em){.site-nav__mobile{display:none}}@media (max-width: 69.99em){.site-nav__desktop{display:none}}@media (max-width: 69.99em){.site-nav{position:absolute;top:61px;left:0;width:100%;background-color:#f4f4f4}}@media (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 69.99em){.site-nav{top:81px}}.site-nav__menu{position:relative}@media (max-width: 69.99em){.site-nav__menu{padding:50px 25px}.site-nav__menu>li{border-top:1px solid #000000}.site-nav__menu>li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid #000000}}@media (min-width: 70em){.site-nav__menu{display:flex;flex-direction:row;column-gap:40px}}@media (min-width: 75em){.site-nav__menu{column-gap:50px}}@media (max-width: 69.99em){.site-nav__menu li{font-family:FraktionMono,"serif";font-weight:700;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:#000}.site-nav__menu li a{display:block;padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:14px}}@media (min-width: 70em){.site-nav__menu li{font-family:FraktionMono,"serif";font-weight:400;font-size:.875rem;line-height:.65;text-transform:uppercase;color:#255979}}*:where(:not(html,iframe,canvas,img,svg,video,audio):not(svg *,symbol *)){all:unset;display:revert}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}a,button{cursor:revert}ol,ul,menu{list-style:none}img{max-inline-size:100%;max-block-size:100%}table{border-collapse:collapse}input,textarea{-webkit-user-select:auto}textarea{white-space:revert}meter{-webkit-appearance:revert;appearance:revert}:where(pre){all:revert}::placeholder{color:unset}::marker{content:initial}:where([hidden]){display:none}:where([contenteditable]:not([contenteditable=false])){-moz-user-modify:read-write;-webkit-user-modify:read-write;overflow-wrap:break-word;-webkit-line-break:after-white-space;-webkit-user-select:auto}:where([draggable=true]){-webkit-user-drag:element}:where(dialog:modal){all:revert}:root{--color--science: #36BD96;--color--social: #FFBD12;--color--national: #E94F37;--color--tech: #45A6FF;--color--regional: #A77AD7;--color--blue: #255979;--color--grey: #E7E7E7;--color--offwhite: #F4F4F4;--color--black: #000000;--issue-color: var(--color--blue);--issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite);--image-block--width: 100%}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{height:100%}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;background-color:#f4f4f4;font-variant-numeric:slashed-zero}@media (max-width: 61.24em){body.site-nav-open .site-main,body.site-nav-open .site-footer{display:none}}body.no-scroll{overflow:hidden}img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto} .page-hero{max-width:1440px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:grid;gap:30px;padding-bottom:30px}@media (max-width: 44.99em){.page-hero{padding-left:20px}}@media (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.page-hero{padding-left:30px}}@media (min-width: 64em){.page-hero{padding-left:40px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em){.page-hero{padding-right:20px}}@media (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.page-hero{padding-right:30px}}@media (min-width: 64em){.page-hero{padding-right:40px}}@media (min-width: 41.25em){.page-hero{grid-template-columns:335px auto;gap:20px;padding-bottom:40px}.page-hero__content{order:1}.page-hero__image{order:2}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.page-hero{grid-template-columns:555px minmax(auto,785px)}}.page-hero__content{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:flex-end;gap:15px}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.page-hero__content{gap:30px}}.page-hero__content-title{font-weight:400;font-size:2.625rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.05em;text-transform:none;color:#255979;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.page-hero__content-title{font-size:5rem;line-height:1}}.page-hero__content-text{color:#000}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.page-hero__content-text{font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:-.015em}}.page-hero__content-text p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.page-hero__content-link{position:relative;padding-left:20px;user-select:none;font-family:FraktionMono,"serif";font-weight:400;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase}@media (min-width: 64em){.page-hero__content-link{font-family:FraktionMono,"serif";font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;line-height:1}}.page-hero__content-link:not(a){cursor:pointer}.page-hero__content-link svg{position:absolute;width:12px;height:9px;top:50%;left:6px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.page-hero__content-link svg path{fill:#255979}.page-hero__content--has-flag{position:relative;padding-left:15px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:15px}.page-hero__content--has-flag:before{content:"";display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:2px;height:100%;background-color:var(--issue-color)}.page-hero__content--has-flag .page-hero__flag{margin-left:-15px;z-index:1}@media (min-width: 45em){.page-hero__content--has-flag .page-hero__flag{display:flex}}.page-hero__content--has-flag .page-hero__flag>*{font-family:FraktionMono,"serif";font-weight:700;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;padding:5px 15px 6px;width:fit-content;background-color:var(--issue-color);color:var(--issue-font-color)}@media (min-width: 45em){.page-hero__content--has-flag .page-hero__flag>*{font-family:FraktionMono,"serif";font-weight:700;font-size:1rem;line-height:1}}.page-hero__content--has-flag .page-hero__flag>*:nth-child(2){background-color:var(--color--black);color:var(--color--offwhite)}.page-hero__image{position:relative}.page-hero__image:before{content:"";display:block}.page-hero__image:before{padding-top:99.3630573248%}.page-hero__image img{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}.page-hero__image img{mix-blend-mode:luminosity}.page-hero__image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1;background-color:#255979;mix-blend-mode:soft-light}@media (max-width: 41.24em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.page-hero__image{margin-left:-20px}}@media (max-width: 41.24em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.page-hero__image{margin-left:-30px}}@media (max-width: 41.24em) and (min-width: 64em){.page-hero__image{margin-left:-40px}}@media (max-width: 41.24em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.page-hero__image{margin-right:-20px}}@media (max-width: 41.24em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.page-hero__image{margin-right:-30px}}@media (max-width: 41.24em) and (min-width: 64em){.page-hero__image{margin-right:-40px}}@media (min-width: 41.25em) and (max-width: 61.24em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.page-hero__image{margin-right:-20px}}@media (min-width: 41.25em) and (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.page-hero__image{margin-right:-30px}}@media (min-width: 41.25em) and (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 64em){.page-hero__image{margin-right:-40px}}@media (min-width: 45em){.page-hero__image{max-width:min(100%,max(450px,80vh));display:flex;margin-left:auto;width:100%}}.fallback-header{margin-top:40px}.fallback-header h1{font-weight:700;font-size:2rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.04em;text-transform:capitalize;color:#255979;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 45em){.fallback-header h1{font-size:2.8125rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.05em}}.fallback-header:has(+ .block-content-grid .block--full-width:first-child){margin-bottom:40px}@media (max-width: 61.24em){.fallback-header--content-grid{max-width:1440px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.fallback-header--content-grid{padding-left:20px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.fallback-header--content-grid{padding-left:30px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 64em){.fallback-header--content-grid{padding-left:40px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.fallback-header--content-grid{padding-right:20px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.fallback-header--content-grid{padding-right:30px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 64em){.fallback-header--content-grid{padding-right:40px}}@media (min-width: 61.25em) and (min-width: 61.25em){.fallback-header--content-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:40px minmax(auto,346px) 670px 40px 1fr}}@media (min-width: 61.25em) and (min-width: 75em){.fallback-header--content-grid{grid-template-columns:auto 40px 231px 115px 670px 115px minmax(auto,230px) 40px auto}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.fallback-header--content-grid .fallback-header__title{grid-column:3}}@media (min-width: 75em){.fallback-header--content-grid .fallback-header__title{grid-column:5}}.fallback-header--template-full-width{max-width:1440px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@media (max-width: 44.99em){.fallback-header--template-full-width{padding-left:20px}}@media (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.fallback-header--template-full-width{padding-left:30px}}@media (min-width: 64em){.fallback-header--template-full-width{padding-left:40px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em){.fallback-header--template-full-width{padding-right:20px}}@media (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.fallback-header--template-full-width{padding-right:30px}}@media (min-width: 64em){.fallback-header--template-full-width{padding-right:40px}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.block-content-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:40px minmax(auto,346px) 670px 40px 1fr}}@media (min-width: 75em){.block-content-grid{grid-template-columns:auto 40px 231px 115px 670px 115px minmax(auto,230px) 40px auto}}@media (max-width: 61.24em){.block-content-grid>*:not(.block--full-width,.block--contained,.wp-block-quote,ul){max-width:1440px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.block-content-grid>*:not(.block--full-width,.block--contained,.wp-block-quote,ul){padding-left:20px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.block-content-grid>*:not(.block--full-width,.block--contained,.wp-block-quote,ul){padding-left:30px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 64em){.block-content-grid>*:not(.block--full-width,.block--contained,.wp-block-quote,ul){padding-left:40px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.block-content-grid>*:not(.block--full-width,.block--contained,.wp-block-quote,ul){padding-right:20px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.block-content-grid>*:not(.block--full-width,.block--contained,.wp-block-quote,ul){padding-right:30px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 64em){.block-content-grid>*:not(.block--full-width,.block--contained,.wp-block-quote,ul){padding-right:40px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.block-content-grid ul,.block-content-grid .wp-block-quote,.block-content-grid .data-wrapper,.block-content-grid .button-block{margin-left:20px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.block-content-grid ul,.block-content-grid .wp-block-quote,.block-content-grid .data-wrapper,.block-content-grid .button-block{margin-left:30px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 64em){.block-content-grid ul,.block-content-grid .wp-block-quote,.block-content-grid .data-wrapper,.block-content-grid .button-block{margin-left:40px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.block-content-grid ul,.block-content-grid .wp-block-quote,.block-content-grid .data-wrapper,.block-content-grid .button-block{margin-right:20px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.block-content-grid ul,.block-content-grid .wp-block-quote,.block-content-grid .data-wrapper,.block-content-grid .button-block{margin-right:30px}}@media (max-width: 61.24em) and (min-width: 64em){.block-content-grid ul,.block-content-grid .wp-block-quote,.block-content-grid .data-wrapper,.block-content-grid .button-block{margin-right:40px}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.block-content-grid .block-content-grid__header{grid-column:2/4}.block-content-grid>*:not(.block-content-grid__header){grid-column:3}}@media (min-width: 75em){.block-content-grid .block-content-grid__header{grid-column:3/6}.block-content-grid>*:not(.block-content-grid__header){grid-column:5}.block-content-grid .image-block,.block-content-grid .video-block,.block-content-grid .data-embed{grid-column:4/7}}.block-content-grid__header{display:grid}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.block-content-grid__header{grid-template-columns:minmax(auto,346px) 670px auto;grid-template-areas:". image" "aside title"}.block-content-grid__header .block-content-grid__image{grid-area:image}.block-content-grid__header .block-content-grid__sidebar{grid-area:aside}.block-content-grid__header .block-content-grid__title-area{grid-area:title}}@media (min-width: 75em){.block-content-grid__header{grid-template-columns:231px 115px 670px;grid-template-areas:". . image" "aside aside title"}}.block-content-grid>.block,.block-content-grid .wp-block-separator,.block-content-grid .wp-block-quote{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.block-content-grid [class*=block]:has(+ :is(h1,h2,h3,h4)){margin-bottom:30px}.block-content-grid:not(.block-content-grid.featured-section)>*:not(.block-content-grid__header,.block--full-width):first-child{margin-top:30px}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.block-content-grid:not(.block-content-grid.featured-section)>*:not(.block-content-grid__header,.block--full-width):first-child{margin-top:40px}}.block-content-grid>.block--full-width{grid-column:1/-1}.block-content-grid>.block--contained{grid-column:1/-1}@media (min-width: 64em){.block-content-grid>.block--contained{grid-column:2/4}}@media (min-width: 75em){.block-content-grid>.block--contained{grid-column:4/7}}.block-content-grid>.block--full-width,.block-content-grid>.block--contained{border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.5);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.5)}.block-content-grid>.block--full-width:first-child,.block-content-grid>.block--full-width+.block--full-width,.block-content-grid>.block--contained:first-child,.block-content-grid>.block--contained+.block--full-width{margin-top:0}.block-content-grid>.block--full-width:last-child,.block-content-grid>.block--full-width:has(+ .block--full-width),.block-content-grid>.block--contained:last-child,.block-content-grid>.block--contained:has(+ .block--full-width){margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:none}.block-content-grid>.block--full-width+p,.block-content-grid>.block--contained+p{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:15px}.block-content-grid h1+:is(h1,h2,h3,h4),.block-content-grid h2+:is(h1,h2,h3,h4),.block-content-grid h3+:is(h1,h2,h3,h4),.block-content-grid h4+:is(h1,h2,h3,h4){margin-top:5px}.block-content-grid h1+.is-style-subtitle,.block-content-grid h2+.is-style-subtitle,.block-content-grid h3+.is-style-subtitle,.block-content-grid h4+.is-style-subtitle{margin-top:25px}.block-content-grid h1.is-style-subtitle:has(+ p),.block-content-grid h2.is-style-subtitle:has(+ p),.block-content-grid h3.is-style-subtitle:has(+ p),.block-content-grid h4.is-style-subtitle:has(+ p){margin-bottom:30px}.block-content-grid>p+p.is-style-featured,.block-content-grid>ul+p.is-style-featured{margin-top:25px}.block-content-grid>p:has(+ :is(h1,h2,h3,h4)),.block-content-grid>ul:has(+ :is(h1,h2,h3,h4)){margin-bottom:25px}.block-content-grid>p:has(+ p.is-style-featured,+ .wp-block-quote),.block-content-grid>ul:has(+ p.is-style-featured,+ .wp-block-quote){margin-bottom:0}.block-content-grid:not(.block-content-grid.featured-section)>p:last-child:not(:has(+ *)),.block-content-grid:not(.block-content-grid.featured-section)>ul:last-child:not(:has(+ *)){margin-bottom:45px}.block-content-grid .block.accordion-items+.block--full-width,.block-content-grid .block.accordion-items:has(+ .block--full-width){border-top:none}.block-content-grid .block.accordion-items:has(+ .block--full-width){margin-bottom:30px}.block-content-grid .wp-block-separator+.block--full-width:not(.day-one-cta){border-top:none}.block-content-grid .wp-block-separator+p{margin-top:10px}.site-main:has(.block-content-grid:first-child) .block--full-width:not(.featured-section):first-child{border-top:none} .home-page__hero{max-width:1440px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:grid;gap:30px;padding-bottom:25px}@media (max-width: 44.99em){.home-page__hero{padding-left:20px}}@media (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.home-page__hero{padding-left:30px}}@media (min-width: 64em){.home-page__hero{padding-left:40px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em){.home-page__hero{padding-right:20px}}@media (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.home-page__hero{padding-right:30px}}@media (min-width: 64em){.home-page__hero{padding-right:40px}}@media (min-width: 45em){.home-page__hero{grid-template-columns:4fr 6fr}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.home-page__hero{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media (min-width: 75em){.home-page__hero{grid-template-columns:6fr 4fr;padding-bottom:40px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em){.home-page__hero-image{border-bottom:1px solid #255979}}@media (max-width: 44.99em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.home-page__hero-image{margin-left:-20px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.home-page__hero-image{margin-left:-30px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em) and (min-width: 64em){.home-page__hero-image{margin-left:-40px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em) and (max-width: 44.99em){.home-page__hero-image{margin-right:-20px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em) and (min-width: 45em) and (max-width: 63.99em){.home-page__hero-image{margin-right:-30px}}@media (max-width: 44.99em) and (min-width: 64em){.home-page__hero-image{margin-right:-40px}}@media (min-width: 45em){.home-page__hero-image{max-width:min(100%,max(450px,80vh))}}.home-page__hero-text{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;gap:17px}@media (min-width: 64em){.home-page__hero-text{gap:30px}}.home-page__hero-title{font-weight:400;font-size:2.625rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.05em;color:#255979;max-width:334px}@media (min-width: 45em){.home-page__hero-title{margin-top:15px}}@media (min-width: 64em){.home-page__hero-title{font-size:3.25rem;line-height:1;margin-top:15px;max-width:457px}}@media (min-width: 75em){.home-page__hero-title{font-size:5rem;line-height:1}}.home-page__hero-content p:last-child{margin:0}.home-page__hero-link{position:relative;padding-left:20px;user-select:none;font-family:FraktionMono,"serif";font-weight:400;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase}@media (min-width: 64em){.home-page__hero-link{font-family:FraktionMono,"serif";font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;line-height:1}}.home-page__hero-link:not(a){cursor:pointer}.home-page__hero-link svg{position:absolute;width:12px;height:9px;top:50%;left:6px;transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.home-page__hero-link svg path{fill:#255979} </style> <link rel="preload" href="https://fas.org/wp-content/themes/fas/assets/dist/main.css?version=1719331708" as="style"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fas.org/wp-content/themes/fas/assets/dist/main.css?version=1719331708" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"></head> <body class="home page-template page-template-templates page-template-template-home page-template-templatestemplate-home-php page page-id-2 wp-embed-responsive">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N6TJX7F" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <header class="site-header"> <div class="site-header__inner"> <a href="https://fas.org/" title="Federation of American Scientists" rel="home" class="site-header__logo"> <svg width="202" height="40" viewBox="0 0 202 40" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g clip-path="url(#clip0_1711_7019)"> <path d="M24.6516 6.45017H6.27381V16.9877H21.7154V22.7993H6.27381V39.4464H0V0.574707H24.6516V6.45017Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M77.4619 40C69.4982 40 64.0693 36.1256 64.0693 27.4615H70.2798C70.2798 32.826 72.4767 34.2949 77.4619 34.2949H77.7577C82.5105 34.2949 84.6652 32.8686 84.6652 28.9942C84.6652 24.4386 79.2997 23.4168 75.1172 21.9905C68.442 19.7127 64.7031 16.6898 64.8298 10.4737C64.9354 3.57642 70.0897 -0.0212402 76.7648 -0.0212402H77.1028C84.6863 -0.0212402 89.9462 3.85316 89.9462 12.5812H83.7357C83.7357 7.17408 81.7078 5.68392 77.1239 5.68392H76.7859C73.1104 5.68392 71.1247 7.17408 71.1247 10.4737C71.1247 14.412 74.5046 15.6041 78.3702 16.7962C85.489 18.9676 90.9179 21.7563 90.9179 28.9942C90.9179 36.2321 85.5524 40 77.7999 40H77.5042H77.4619Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M48.036 0.574707H38.657L28.2852 39.4464H58.1755L48.036 0.574707ZM36.439 33.5923L43.093 6.45017H43.7056L50.2541 33.5923H36.439Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M112.991 2.44815H107.626V5.51361H112.125V7.21664H107.626V12.0703H105.788V0.745117H112.97V2.44815H112.991Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M122.687 2.44815H117.448V5.51361H121.483V7.21664H117.448V10.346H122.687V12.049H115.61V0.745117H122.687V2.44815Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M128.856 0.745117C131.095 0.745117 132.679 2.12883 132.679 4.89626V7.91915C132.679 10.6866 131.095 12.0703 128.856 12.0703H125.096V0.745117H128.856ZM130.841 4.89626C130.841 3.00164 130.229 2.44815 128.856 2.44815H126.933V10.346H128.856C130.229 10.346 130.841 9.77119 130.841 7.89786V4.87497V4.89626Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M142.438 2.44815H137.199V5.51361H141.234V7.21664H137.199V10.346H142.438V12.049H135.361V0.745117H142.438V2.44815Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M152.598 4.36406C152.598 6.34384 151.732 7.49339 150.063 7.81271V7.94043L152.556 12.0703H150.528L148.057 7.91915H146.958V12.0703H145.142V0.745117H148.923C151.352 0.745117 152.598 1.91595 152.598 4.3002V4.36406ZM150.803 4.3002C150.803 2.93777 150.401 2.44815 148.923 2.44815H146.958V6.21611H148.923C150.401 6.21611 150.803 5.7052 150.803 4.36406V4.3002Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M160.9 12.0703L160.119 8.85581H156.823L156.021 12.0703H154.077L157.098 0.745117H159.844L162.801 12.0703H160.9ZM157.246 7.15278H159.717L158.577 2.44815H158.386L157.246 7.15278Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M172.455 0.745117V2.44815H169.223V12.0703H167.385V2.44815H164.153V0.745117H172.434H172.455Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M181.749 2.44815H179.109V10.346H181.749V12.049H174.673V10.346H177.292V2.44815H174.673V0.745117H181.749V2.44815Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M188.024 12.2192C185.785 12.2192 184.2 10.8355 184.2 8.0681V4.70461C184.2 1.93718 185.785 0.553467 188.024 0.553467H188.129C190.368 0.553467 191.953 1.93718 191.953 4.70461V8.0681C191.953 10.8355 190.368 12.2192 188.129 12.2192H188.024ZM188.129 10.5588C189.502 10.5588 190.115 9.94144 190.115 8.0681V4.70461C190.115 2.83127 189.502 2.21392 188.129 2.21392H188.024C186.651 2.21392 186.038 2.83127 186.038 4.70461V8.0681C186.038 9.94144 186.651 10.5588 188.024 10.5588H188.129Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M194.318 12.0703V0.745117H196.895L199.642 9.17513H199.832V0.745117H201.585V12.0703H199.008L196.262 3.64027H196.072V12.0703H194.318Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M107.393 23.3954C106.084 23.3954 105.154 22.5864 105.154 20.9686V19.0101C105.154 17.3922 106.084 16.5833 107.393 16.5833H107.457C108.766 16.5833 109.696 17.3922 109.696 19.0101V20.9686C109.696 22.5864 108.766 23.3954 107.457 23.3954H107.393ZM107.457 22.4161C108.26 22.4161 108.619 22.0542 108.619 20.9686V19.0101C108.619 17.9244 108.26 17.5625 107.457 17.5625H107.393C106.591 17.5625 106.232 17.9244 106.232 19.0101V20.9686C106.232 22.0542 106.591 22.4161 107.393 22.4161H107.457Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M115.463 17.6902H112.336V19.4784H114.956V20.4577H112.336V23.2889H111.28V16.6897H115.463V17.6902Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M131.263 25.6733L130.482 22.4588H127.187L126.384 25.6733H124.44L127.461 14.3481H130.207L133.165 25.6733H131.263ZM127.609 20.7558H130.081L128.94 16.0512H128.75L127.609 20.7558Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M134.791 25.6733V14.3481H136.84L138.593 18.9038H138.762L140.515 14.3481H142.565V25.6733H140.832V17.4775H140.642L139.058 21.4583H138.213L136.65 17.4775H136.46V25.6733H134.728H134.791Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M152.303 16.0512H147.064V19.1166H151.099V20.8197H147.064V23.949H152.303V25.652H145.227V14.3481H152.303V16.0512Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M162.485 17.9671C162.485 19.9469 161.619 21.0964 159.95 21.4157V21.5435L162.443 25.6733H160.415L157.943 21.5222H156.845V25.6733H155.028V14.3481H158.81C161.239 14.3481 162.485 15.519 162.485 17.9032V17.9671ZM160.69 17.9032C160.69 16.5408 160.288 16.0512 158.81 16.0512H156.845V19.8191H158.81C160.288 19.8191 160.69 19.3082 160.69 17.9671V17.9032Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M171.864 16.0512H169.223V23.949H171.864V25.652H164.787V23.949H167.406V16.0512H164.787V14.3481H171.864V16.0512Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M178.158 25.8435C175.919 25.8435 174.335 24.4598 174.335 21.6924V18.3289C174.335 15.5614 175.919 14.1777 178.158 14.1777H178.264C180.503 14.1777 182.087 15.5614 182.087 18.3289H180.25C180.25 16.4555 179.637 15.8382 178.264 15.8382H178.158C176.785 15.8382 176.173 16.4555 176.173 18.3289V21.6924C176.173 23.5657 176.785 24.1831 178.158 24.1831H178.264C179.637 24.1831 180.25 23.5657 180.25 21.6924H182.087C182.087 24.4598 180.503 25.8435 178.264 25.8435H178.158Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M190.537 25.6733L189.755 22.4588H186.46L185.657 25.6733H183.714L186.735 14.3481H189.481L192.438 25.6733H190.537ZM186.882 20.7558H189.354L188.213 16.0512H188.023L186.882 20.7558Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M194.318 25.6733V14.3481H196.895L199.62 22.7782H199.811V14.3481H201.564V25.6733H199.008L196.262 17.2433H196.072V25.6733H194.318Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M109.062 39.4465C106.739 39.4465 105.154 38.3183 105.154 35.785H106.971C106.971 37.339 107.605 37.7861 109.062 37.7861H109.147C110.541 37.7861 111.153 37.3816 111.153 36.2321C111.153 34.9122 109.59 34.6142 108.365 34.1884C106.422 33.5285 105.323 32.6344 105.366 30.8249C105.387 28.8239 106.908 27.7808 108.851 27.7808H108.957C111.154 27.7808 112.696 28.909 112.696 31.4423H110.879C110.879 29.867 110.287 29.4412 108.957 29.4412H108.851C107.774 29.4412 107.203 29.867 107.203 30.8462C107.203 31.9958 108.196 32.3364 109.316 32.6983C111.386 33.3369 112.97 34.1458 112.97 36.2534C112.97 38.3609 111.407 39.4678 109.147 39.4678H109.062V39.4465Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M118.885 39.4465C116.646 39.4465 115.062 38.0628 115.062 35.2954V31.9319C115.062 29.1645 116.646 27.7808 118.885 27.7808H118.991C121.23 27.7808 122.814 29.1645 122.814 31.9319H120.976C120.976 30.0586 120.343 29.4412 118.991 29.4412H118.885C117.512 29.4412 116.899 30.0586 116.899 31.9319V35.2954C116.899 37.1687 117.533 37.7861 118.885 37.7861H118.991C120.364 37.7861 120.976 37.1687 120.976 35.2954H122.814C122.814 38.0628 121.23 39.4465 118.991 39.4465H118.885Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M132.362 29.654H129.721V37.5518H132.362V39.2548H125.285V37.5518H127.905V29.654H125.285V27.9509H132.362V29.654Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M142.438 29.654H137.199V32.7195H141.234V34.4225H137.199V37.5518H142.438V39.2549H135.361V27.9297H142.438V29.6327V29.654Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M144.952 39.2761V27.9509H147.529L150.254 36.3809H150.444V27.9509H152.198V39.2761H149.642L146.896 30.8461H146.705V39.2761H144.952Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M162.591 27.9509V29.654H159.359V39.2761H157.521V29.654H154.289V27.9509H162.591Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M171.864 29.654H169.223V37.5518H171.864V39.2548H164.787V37.5518H167.406V29.654H164.787V27.9509H171.864V29.654Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M178.201 39.4465C175.877 39.4465 174.293 38.3183 174.293 35.785H176.11C176.11 37.339 176.743 37.7861 178.201 37.7861H178.285C179.658 37.7861 180.292 37.3816 180.292 36.2321C180.292 34.9122 178.729 34.6142 177.504 34.1884C175.56 33.5285 174.483 32.6344 174.504 30.8249C174.546 28.8239 176.046 27.7808 177.99 27.7808H178.095C180.313 27.7808 181.834 28.909 181.834 31.4423H180.018C180.018 29.867 179.426 29.4412 178.095 29.4412H177.99C176.912 29.4412 176.342 29.867 176.342 30.8462C176.342 31.9958 177.335 32.3364 178.454 32.6983C180.525 33.3369 182.109 34.1458 182.109 36.2534C182.109 38.3609 180.546 39.4678 178.285 39.4678H178.201V39.4465Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M192.206 27.9509V29.654H188.974V39.2761H187.136V29.654H183.904V27.9509H192.185H192.206Z" fill="#255979"/> <path d="M197.952 39.4465C195.628 39.4465 194.044 38.3183 194.044 35.785H195.861C195.861 37.339 196.494 37.7861 197.952 37.7861H198.036C199.409 37.7861 200.043 37.3816 200.043 36.2321C200.043 34.9122 198.48 34.6142 197.255 34.1884C195.311 33.5285 194.234 32.6344 194.255 30.8249C194.297 28.8239 195.797 27.7808 197.741 27.7808H197.846C200.064 27.7808 201.585 28.909 201.585 31.4423H199.769C199.769 29.867 199.177 29.4412 197.846 29.4412H197.741C196.663 29.4412 196.093 29.867 196.093 30.8462C196.093 31.9958 197.086 32.3364 198.205 32.6983C200.276 33.3369 201.86 34.1458 201.86 36.2534C201.86 38.3609 200.297 39.4678 198.036 39.4678H197.952V39.4465Z" fill="#255979"/> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_1711_7019"> <rect width="201.86" height="40" fill="white"/> </clipPath> </defs> </svg> </a> <button class="site-header__menu-toggle" type="button" role="button" data-gw-main-init='{ "mobile-nav-toggle": {} }'> <div class="site-header__menu-toggle-view"> <svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <rect y="-0.000488281" width="30" height="5.17241" fill="#255979"/> <rect y="12.1714" width="30" height="5.17241" fill="#255979"/> <rect y="24.3452" width="30" height="5.17241" fill="#255979"/> </svg> </div> <div class="site-header__menu-toggle-close"> <svg width="30" height="29" viewBox="0 0 30 29" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <rect x="0.000976562" y="25.54" width="36.105" height="4.89277" transform="rotate(-45 0.000976562 25.54)" fill="#255979"/> <rect x="3.78418" width="36.105" height="4.89277" transform="rotate(45 3.78418 0)" fill="#255979"/> </svg> </div> </button> <nav class="site-header__nav site-nav"> <div class="site-nav__mobile" data-gw-main-init='{ "main-nav-links--mobile": {} }'> <ul id="menu-main-navigation" class="site-nav__menu"><li id="menu-item-8" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8"><a href="#">Issues</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-37" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-issues menu-item-37"><a href="https://fas.org/issue/climate-environment/">Environment</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-issues menu-item-39"><a href="https://fas.org/issue/emerging-technology/">Emerging Technology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-35" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-issues menu-item-35"><a href="https://fas.org/issue/energy/">Clean Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31389" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-31389"><a href="https://fas.org/initiative/nuclear-information-project/">Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-issues menu-item-36"><a href="https://fas.org/issue/global-risk/">Global Risk</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-33" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33"><a href="https://fas.org/publications/">Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1674"><a href="https://fas.org/day-one-project/">Day One Project</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1829" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1829"><a href="https://fas.org/talent-hub/">Talent Hub</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-45"><a href="https://fas.org/about-fas/">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1673"><a href="https://fas.org/about-fas/">About us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31"><a href="https://fas.org/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1671"><a href="https://fas.org/diversity-equity-inclusion-and-belonging/">DEIB</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17438" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-17438"><a href="https://fas.org/fas-experts/?expert-category=staff">Staff</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1312"><a href="https://fas.org/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1675"><a href="https://fas.org/fiscal-sponsorship/">Fiscal Sponsorship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1686"><a href="https://fas.org/ways-to-engage/">Ways to engage</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-32" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-32"><a href="https://fas.org/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34"><a href="https://fas.org/search/">Search</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-nav__desktop" data-gw-main-init='{ "main-nav-links--desktop": {} }'> <ul id="menu-main-navigation-1" class="site-nav__menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8"><a href="#">Issues</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-issues menu-item-37"><a href="https://fas.org/issue/climate-environment/">Environment</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-issues menu-item-39"><a href="https://fas.org/issue/emerging-technology/">Emerging Technology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-issues menu-item-35"><a href="https://fas.org/issue/energy/">Clean Energy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-31389"><a href="https://fas.org/initiative/nuclear-information-project/">Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-issues menu-item-36"><a href="https://fas.org/issue/global-risk/">Global Risk</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33"><a href="https://fas.org/publications/">Publications</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1674"><a href="https://fas.org/day-one-project/">Day One Project</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1829"><a href="https://fas.org/talent-hub/">Talent Hub</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-45"><a href="https://fas.org/about-fas/">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1673"><a href="https://fas.org/about-fas/">About us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31"><a href="https://fas.org/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1671"><a href="https://fas.org/diversity-equity-inclusion-and-belonging/">DEIB</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-17438"><a href="https://fas.org/fas-experts/?expert-category=staff">Staff</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1312"><a href="https://fas.org/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1675"><a href="https://fas.org/fiscal-sponsorship/">Fiscal Sponsorship</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1686"><a href="https://fas.org/ways-to-engage/">Ways to engage</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-32"><a href="https://fas.org/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34"><a href="https://fas.org/search/">Search</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main class="site-main"> <div class="home-page__hero"> <div class="home-page__hero-image"> <img src="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/homepage-hero.jpg" srcset="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/homepage-hero-402x388.jpg 402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/homepage-hero-462x446.jpg 462w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/homepage-hero-662x639.jpg 662w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/homepage-hero-722x697.jpg 722w" sizes="100vw, (min-width: 720px) 50vw" alt="" /> </div> <div class="home-page__hero-text"> <h1 class="home-page__hero-title"> Striving for a safer world <strong>since 1945.</strong> </h1> <div class="home-page__hero-content"> <p>FAS envisions a world where cutting-edge science, technology, ideas and talent are deployed to solve the biggest challenges of our time. We embed science, technology, innovation, and experience into government and public discourse in order to build a healthy, safe, prosperous and equitable society.</p> </div> <a href="https://fas.org/about-fas/" class="home-page__hero-link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>Read more about us</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="block-content-grid"> <section class="block block--full-width content-listing content-listing--post-type-publications content-listing--featured"> <div class="content-listing__inner"> <header class="block-header"> <div class="block-header__heading"> <div class="block-header__heading-title"> Featured Publication </div> </div> <a href="https://fas.org/publications-archive/" class="block-header__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>See all</span> <span class="block-header__link-title"></span> </a> </header> <div class="content-listing__featured" style="--issue-color: var(--color--blue); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)"> <div class="content-listing__featured-image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/yes-to-evidence-based-policy.png" srcset="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/yes-to-evidence-based-policy-402x209.png 402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/yes-to-evidence-based-policy-462x241.png 462w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/yes-to-evidence-based-policy-662x345.png 662w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/yes-to-evidence-based-policy-722x376.png 722w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/yes-to-evidence-based-policy-982x511.png 982w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/yes-to-evidence-based-policy-1032x538.png 1032w" sizes="100vw, (min-width: 720px) 50vw" alt="" /> <div class="content-listing__featured-image-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="content-listing__featured-post"> <a href="https://fas.org/publication/policy-entrepreneurs-presidential-transition-opportunity/" class="archive-post" style="--issue-color: var(--color--blue); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)" data-post-id="33262"> <div class="archive-post__issue no-issue-assigned"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> FAS </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__types"> <div class="archive-post__types-item"> Blog </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-title"> How Policy Entrepreneurs Can Seize the Presidential Transition Opportunity </div> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> <p>Policy entrepreneurs have a unique opportunity to shape the agenda for the next administration. Knowing when and how to act is crucial to turning policy ideas into action.</p> </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__details"> <span>10.29.24</span> <span>|</span> <span>4 min read</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>read more</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="block block--full-width content-listing content-listing--post-type-publications content-listing--grid"> <div class="content-listing__inner"> <header class="block-header"> <div class="block-header__heading"> <div class="block-header__heading-title"> Latest </div> </div> <a href="https://fas.org/publications-archive/" class="block-header__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>See all</span> <span class="block-header__link-title"></span> </a> </header> <div class="content-listing__grid"> <a href="https://fas.org/publication/expanding-access-innovation-economy/" class="archive-post" style="--issue-color: var(--color--tech); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)" data-post-id="33935"> <div class="archive-post__issue is-day-one"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Emerging Technology </div> <div class="archive-post__issue-day-one"> day one project </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__types"> <div class="archive-post__types-item"> Policy Memo </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-title"> Strategies to Accelerate and Expand Access to the U.S. Innovation Economy </div> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> <p> With targeted policy interventions, we can efficiently and effectively support the U.S. innovation economy through the translation of breakthrough scientific research from the lab to the market.</p> </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__details"> <span>11.27.24</span> <span>|</span> <span>16 min read</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>read more</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </a> <a href="https://fas.org/publication/collaborative-intelligence-harnessing-crowd-forecasting-for-national-security/" class="archive-post" style="--issue-color: var(--color--black); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)" data-post-id="33908"> <div class="archive-post__issue is-day-one"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Government Capacity </div> <div class="archive-post__issue-day-one"> day one project </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__types"> <div class="archive-post__types-item"> Policy Memo </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-title"> Collaborative Intelligence: Harnessing Crowd Forecasting for National Security </div> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> <p>Crowd forecasting methods offer a systematic approach to quantifying the U.S. intelligence community’s uncertainty about the future and predicting the impact of interventions, allowing decision-makers to strategize effectively and allocate resources by outlining risks and tradeoffs in a legible format.</p> </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__details"> <span>11.27.24</span> <span>|</span> <span>5 min read</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>read more</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </a> <a href="https://fas.org/publication/the-energy-transition-workforce-initiative/" class="archive-post" style="--issue-color: var(--color--regional); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)" data-post-id="16945"> <div class="archive-post__issue is-day-one"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Clean Energy </div> <div class="archive-post__issue-day-one"> day one project </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__types"> <div class="archive-post__types-item"> Policy Memo </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-title"> The Energy Transition Workforce Initiative </div> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> <p>The energy transition underway in the United States continues to present a unique set of opportunities to put Americans back to work through the deployment of new technologies, infrastructure, energy efficiency, and expansion of the electricity system to meet our carbon goals.</p> </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__details"> <span>11.27.24</span> <span>|</span> <span>5 min read</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>read more</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </a> <a href="https://fas.org/publication/fusion-energy-leadership-tritium-capacity/" class="archive-post" style="--issue-color: var(--color--regional); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)" data-post-id="33926"> <div class="archive-post__issue is-day-one"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Clean Energy </div> <div class="archive-post__issue-day-one"> day one project </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__types"> <div class="archive-post__types-item"> Policy Memo </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-title"> Promoting Fusion Energy Leadership with U.S. Tritium Production Capacity </div> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> <p>The United States has the only proven and scalable tritium production supply chain, but it is largely reserved for nuclear weapons. Excess tritium production capacity should be leveraged to ensure the success of and U.S. leadership in fusion energy.</p> </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__details"> <span>11.26.24</span> <span>|</span> <span>12 min read</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>read more</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </a></div> </div> </section> <section class="block block--full-width issue-listing"> <div class="issue-listing__inner"> <header class="block-header"> <div class="block-header__heading"> <div class="block-header__heading-subtitle"> issues </div> </div> </header> <div class="issue-listing__grid issue-listing__grid--image-card"> <a href="https://fas.org/issue/government-capacity/" class="listing-card listing-card--short-image" style="--issue-color: var(--color--black); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)"> <div class="issue-listing__image listing-card__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/government-capacity.png" srcset="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/government-capacity-402x402.png 402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/government-capacity-462x462.png 462w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/government-capacity-662x662.png 662w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/government-capacity-722x722.png 722w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/government-capacity-982x982.png 982w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/government-capacity-1032x1032.png 1032w" sizes="100vw, (min-width: 720px) 50vw" alt="" /> <div class="listing-card__image-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="listing-card__body"> <div class="archive-post"> <div class="archive-post__issue"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Government Capacity </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> The federal government has a long history of creating and deploying innovative science and technology solutions – but institutional complexity and bureaucratic bottlenecks too often stifle its ability to solve problems. </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>view issue</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://fas.org/issue/emerging-technology/" class="listing-card listing-card--short-image" style="--issue-color: var(--color--tech); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)"> <div class="issue-listing__image listing-card__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/emerging-technology.png" srcset="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/emerging-technology-402x402.png 402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/emerging-technology-462x462.png 462w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/emerging-technology-662x662.png 662w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/emerging-technology-722x722.png 722w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/emerging-technology-982x982.png 982w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/emerging-technology-1032x1032.png 1032w" sizes="100vw, (min-width: 720px) 50vw" alt="" /> <div class="listing-card__image-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="listing-card__body"> <div class="archive-post"> <div class="archive-post__issue"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Emerging Technology </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> Rapidly emerging technologies have societal benefits and risks that have not been fully realized, but the United States does not have the robust R&D strategy or funding needed to lead on innovation, development, and commercialization. </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>view issue</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://fas.org/issue/education-workforce/" class="listing-card listing-card--short-image" style="--issue-color: var(--color--social); --issue-font-color: var(--color--black)"> <div class="issue-listing__image listing-card__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-scaled.jpg" srcset="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-402x250.jpg 402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-462x288.jpg 462w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-662x412.jpg 662w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-722x449.jpg 722w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-982x611.jpg 982w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-1032x642.jpg 1032w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-1402x873.jpg 1402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-1702x1059.jpg 1702w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kenny-eliason-zFSo6bnZJTw-unsplash-2002x1246.jpg 2002w" sizes="100vw, (min-width: 720px) 50vw" alt="" /> <div class="listing-card__image-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="listing-card__body"> <div class="archive-post"> <div class="archive-post__issue"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Education & Workforce </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> American society is grappling with inequalities in education, housing, workforce development, and more, but a fair government can ensure everyone prospers while leaving nobody behind. </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>view issue</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://fas.org/issue/climate-environment/" class="listing-card listing-card--short-image" style="--issue-color: var(--color--science); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)"> <div class="issue-listing__image listing-card__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate.png" srcset="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-402x402.png 402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-462x462.png 462w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-662x662.png 662w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-722x722.png 722w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-982x982.png 982w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-1032x1032.png 1032w" sizes="100vw, (min-width: 720px) 50vw" alt="" /> <div class="listing-card__image-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="listing-card__body"> <div class="archive-post"> <div class="archive-post__issue"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Environment </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> Governments and communities are largely unprepared to address the cascading impacts of climate-related hazards, let alone proactively prepare for them. </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>view issue</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://fas.org/issue/global-risk/" class="listing-card listing-card--short-image" style="--issue-color: var(--color--national); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)"> <div class="issue-listing__image listing-card__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/01-GLOBE.png" srcset="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/01-GLOBE-402x267.png 402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/01-GLOBE-462x307.png 462w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/01-GLOBE-662x440.png 662w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/01-GLOBE-722x480.png 722w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/01-GLOBE-982x653.png 982w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/01-GLOBE-1032x686.png 1032w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/01-GLOBE-1402x933.png 1402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/01-GLOBE-1702x1132.png 1702w" sizes="100vw, (min-width: 720px) 50vw" alt="" /> <div class="listing-card__image-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="listing-card__body"> <div class="archive-post"> <div class="archive-post__issue"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Global Risk </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> Humanity must proactively develop and pursue sound policies to protect against global catastrophe, including through scientific and political cooperation. </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>view issue</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://fas.org/issue/energy/" class="listing-card listing-card--short-image" style="--issue-color: var(--color--regional); --issue-font-color: var(--color--offwhite)"> <div class="issue-listing__image listing-card__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/energy.png" srcset="https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/energy-402x402.png 402w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/energy-462x462.png 462w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/energy-662x662.png 662w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/energy-722x722.png 722w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/energy-982x982.png 982w, https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/energy-1032x1032.png 1032w" sizes="100vw, (min-width: 720px) 50vw" alt="" /> <div class="listing-card__image-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="listing-card__body"> <div class="archive-post"> <div class="archive-post__issue"> <div class="archive-post__issue-title"> Clean Energy </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__body"> <div class="archive-post__body-content archive-post__body-content--has-excerpt"> We work to support more efficient commercialization of energy decarbonization technologies, innovative research, and more effective deployment of smart energy policy. </div> </div> <div class="archive-post__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>view issue</span> </div> <div class="archive-post__hover-background"></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> <section class="block block--full-width day-one-cta"> <div class="day-one-cta__inner"> <div class="day-one-cta__grid"> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel"> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel-logo"> <svg width="126" height="71" viewBox="0 0 126 71" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M7.36174 0C11.5732 0 14.5252 2.52528 14.5252 7.61469V13.1703C14.5252 18.2597 11.5732 20.785 7.36174 20.785H0.316406V0H7.36174ZM11.1009 7.61469C11.1009 4.157 9.92011 3.14689 7.36174 3.14689H3.74068V17.6381H7.36174C9.92011 17.6381 11.1009 16.5891 11.1009 13.1703V7.61469Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M30.3465 20.7461L28.8902 14.8797H22.7108L21.2151 20.7461H17.5547L23.1831 0H28.2998L33.8102 20.7461H30.2678H30.3465ZM23.498 11.7328H28.103L25.9776 3.10804H25.6234L23.4586 11.7328H23.498Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M42.5859 20.7461V12.199L35.8555 0H39.5946L44.121 8.7802H44.4752L48.9622 0H52.662L46.0102 12.2767V20.785H42.6253L42.5859 20.7461Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M7.16343 46.0006C2.99132 46.0006 0 43.4753 0 38.3859V32.2475C0 27.1581 2.95196 24.6328 7.16343 24.6328H7.36022C11.5717 24.6328 14.5236 27.1581 14.5236 32.2475V38.3859C14.5236 43.4753 11.5717 46.0006 7.36022 46.0006H7.16343ZM7.36022 42.9702C9.91859 42.9702 11.0994 41.8436 11.0994 38.4247V32.2863C11.0994 28.8675 9.91859 27.7408 7.36022 27.7408H7.16343C4.60506 27.7408 3.42427 28.8675 3.42427 32.2863V38.4247C3.42427 41.8824 4.60506 42.9702 7.16343 42.9702H7.36022Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M18.9727 45.6875V24.9414H23.7745L28.8912 40.4039H29.2455V24.9414H32.5517V45.6875H27.7498L22.6331 30.2251H22.2789V45.6875H18.9727Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M51.2443 28.0494H41.4438V33.6828H49.0008V36.7908H41.4438V42.5407H51.2443V45.6875H38.0195V24.9414H51.2443V28.0883V28.0494Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M8.22469 49.8438C12.751 49.8438 15.1126 52.0194 15.1126 56.3706V56.4872C15.1126 60.8384 12.751 63.0141 8.22469 63.0141H4.1313V70.6287H0.707031V49.8826H8.22469V49.8438ZM11.7277 56.3706C11.7277 53.8842 10.9799 52.9906 8.22469 52.9906H4.1313V59.906H8.22469C11.0192 59.906 11.7277 58.9736 11.7277 56.4872V56.3706Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M33.2968 56.4872C33.2968 60.1003 31.6831 62.1982 28.5343 62.8198V63.0529L33.1788 70.5899H29.4003L24.7558 62.9752H22.7091V70.5899H19.3242V49.8438H26.3696C30.8959 49.8438 33.2575 52.0194 33.2575 56.3706V56.4872H33.2968ZM29.9513 56.3706C29.9513 53.8842 29.2035 52.9906 26.4483 52.9906H22.7879V59.906H26.4483C29.2428 59.906 29.9513 58.9736 29.9513 56.4872V56.3706Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M44.1595 70.942C39.9874 70.942 36.9961 68.4167 36.9961 63.3273V57.1889C36.9961 52.0995 39.9481 49.5742 44.1595 49.5742H44.3563C48.5678 49.5742 51.5197 52.0995 51.5197 57.1889V63.3273C51.5197 68.4167 48.5678 70.942 44.3563 70.942H44.1595ZM44.3563 67.9116C46.9147 67.9116 48.0955 66.785 48.0955 63.3661V57.2278C48.0955 53.8089 46.9147 52.6823 44.3563 52.6823H44.1595C41.6012 52.6823 40.4204 53.8089 40.4204 57.2278V63.3661C40.4204 66.8238 41.6012 67.9116 44.1595 67.9116H44.3563Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M58.9219 49.8435H69.6277V63.8297C69.6277 68.4529 66.9906 70.9005 62.8185 70.9005H62.6217C58.4496 70.9005 55.8125 68.4529 55.8125 63.8297V60.644H59.2368V63.8297C59.2368 66.86 60.0633 67.8313 62.6217 67.8313H62.8185C65.3769 67.8313 66.2428 66.8212 66.2428 63.8297V52.9516H58.9219V49.8047V49.8435Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M88.2053 52.9908H78.4047V58.6242H85.9618V61.7322H78.4047V67.4821H88.2053V70.629H74.9805V49.8828H88.2053V53.0297V52.9908Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M99.5814 70.942C95.4093 70.942 92.418 68.4167 92.418 63.3273V57.1889C92.418 52.0995 95.3699 49.5742 99.5814 49.5742H99.7782C103.99 49.5742 106.942 52.0995 106.942 57.1889H103.517C103.517 53.7701 102.337 52.6434 99.7782 52.6434H99.5814C97.023 52.6434 95.8422 53.7701 95.8422 57.1889V63.3273C95.8422 66.785 97.023 67.8728 99.5814 67.8728H99.7782C102.337 67.8728 103.517 66.7461 103.517 63.3273H106.942C106.942 68.4167 103.99 70.942 99.7782 70.942H99.5814Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> <path d="M125.91 49.8438V52.9906H119.849V70.6287H116.425V52.9906H110.363V49.8438H125.871H125.91Z" fill="#F4F4F4"/> </svg> </div> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel-bg-image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://fas.org/wp-content/themes/fas/assets/images/day-one-block-background-mobile.png" alt="Day One Project" class="day-one-cta__project-panel-bg-image-mobile" /> <img decoding="async" src="https://fas.org/wp-content/themes/fas/assets/images/day-one-block-background-desktop.png" alt="Day One Project" class="day-one-cta__project-panel-bg-image-desktop" /> </div> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel-title"> Changing Policy <br /> from a Noun to a <strong>Verb.</strong> </div> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel-description"> We connect people with ideas to training in policy entrepreneurship, and give them access to the tools, mindsets, and networks that can shape ideas into reality through our Day One platform. </div> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel-features"> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel-features-item"> Accelerators </div> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel-features-item"> Memos </div> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel-features-item"> Ideation campaigns </div> <div class="day-one-cta__project-panel-features-item"> Idea challenges </div> </div> <a href="https://fas.org/day-one-project/" class="day-one-cta__project-panel-link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>VISIT THE DAY ONE PROJECT</span> </a> </div> <div class="day-one-cta__features-panel"> <div class="day-one-cta__feature"> <div class="day-one-cta__feature-title"> Talent Hub </div> <div class="day-one-cta__feature-description"> FAS Fellowships provide opportunities for impact across the science and technology policy community. </div> <a href="https://fas.org/talent-hub/" target="_self" class="day-one-cta__feature-link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>Read more</span> </a> </div> <div class="day-one-cta__feature"> <div class="day-one-cta__feature-title"> Fiscal Sponsorship </div> <div class="day-one-cta__feature-description"> The FAS Fiscal Sponsorship Program seeks to support burgeoning entrepreneurs in science and technology policy. </div> <a href="https://fas.org/fiscal-sponsorship/" target="_self" class="day-one-cta__feature-link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>Read more</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </main> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__panels"> <div class="site-footer__careers-panel"> <header class="block-header"> <div class="block-header__heading"> <div class="block-header__heading-title"> Careers </div> </div> <a href="https://fas.org/careers/" class="block-header__link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>SEE OPEN POSITIONS</span> <span class="block-header__link-title"></span> </a> </header> <div class="site-footer__cta"> <div class="site-footer__cta-flag"> <div class="site-footer__cta-flag-title"> Join Team FAS </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__cta-featured"> We believe in embracing a growth oriented and entrepreneurial mindset to drive impact for our colleagues, our customers and the world. </div> <a href="https://fas.org/careers/" class="site-footer__cta-link"> <svg width="11" height="9" viewBox="0 0 11 9" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11 5.95025L11 3.12439L-3.57628e-07 1.31174e-07L-2.50304e-07 9L11 5.95025Z" fill="#255979"/> </svg><span>SEE OPEN POSITIONS</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__contact-panel" style="--issue-color: var(--color--offwhite);"> <div class="site-footer__cta"> <div class="site-footer__cta-flag"> <div class="site-footer__cta-flag-title"> Stay Informed </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__cta-text"> Sign up for newsletter to receive the latest news and announcements </div> <div class="site-footer__cta-signup-form"> <form action="//fas.us8.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=33c6e6fc9f63792ebcbb7ef9d&id=56a7496199" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll" class="site-footer__cta-signup-form-grid" style="--issue-font-color: var(--color--blue)"> <div class="site-footer__cta-signup-form-grid-email"> <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="required email form-control" placeholder="YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS" id="mce-EMAIL"> </div>  <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;" aria-hidden="true"> <input type="text" name="b_33c6e6fc9f63792ebcbb7ef9d_56a7496199" tabindex="-1" value=""> </div> <input type="submit" value="Submit" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="site-footer__cta-signup-form-grid-submit"> <div id="mce-responses" class="clear"> <div class="response" id="mce-error-response" style="display:none"></div> <div class="response" id="mce-success-response" style="display:none"></div> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__contact-panel-row-2"> <div class="site-footer__cta"> <div class="site-footer__cta-flag"> <div class="site-footer__cta-flag-title"> CONTACT </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__cta-text"> <ul> <li><a href="mailto:fas@fas.org" target="_blank">fas@fas.org</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__cta"> <div class="site-footer__cta-flag"> <div class="site-footer__cta-flag-title"> CONNECT WITH US </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__cta-text"> <ul> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/scientistsorg" target="_blank">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/federation-of-american-scientists/" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__foot"> <div class="site-footer__foot-inner"> <nav class="site-footer__foot-nav"> <ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="site-footer__foot-nav-menu"><li id="menu-item-69" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-69"><a href="https://fas.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12986" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-12986"><a href="https://fas.org/privacy-policy/">Cookie Policy</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="site-footer__foot-copyright"> Federation of American Scientists © 2024 </div> <div class="site-footer__foot-website"> <a href="https://and-now.co.uk/" target="_blank">Designed by And–Now</a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '') history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash) </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Home - Federation of American Scientists