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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>2 Samuel 23:13 At harvest time, three of the thirty chief men went down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/2_samuel/23-13.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/10/10_2Sa_23_13.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="2 Samuel 23:13 - David's Mighty Men" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="At harvest time, three of the thirty chief men went down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/2_samuel/23-13.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/2_samuel/23-13.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/2_samuel/">2 Samuel</a> > <a href="/2_samuel/23.htm">Chapter 23</a> > Verse 13</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad13.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/2_samuel/23-12.htm" title="2 Samuel 23:12">◄</a> 2 Samuel 23:13 <a href="/2_samuel/23-14.htm" title="2 Samuel 23:14">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/2_samuel/23.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/2_samuel/23.htm">New International Version</a> During harvest time, three of the thirty chief warriors came down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a band of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/nlt/2_samuel/23.htm">New Living Translation</a> Once during the harvest, when David was at the cave of Adullam, the Philistine army was camped in the valley of Rephaim. The Three (who were among the Thirty—an elite group among David’s fighting men) went down to meet him there. <a href="/esv/2_samuel/23.htm">English Standard Version</a> And three of the thirty chief men went down and came about harvest time to David at the cave of Adullam, when a band of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/bsb/2_samuel/23.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> At harvest time, three of the thirty chief men went down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/kjv/2_samuel/23.htm">King James Bible</a> And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/nkjv/2_samuel/23.htm">New King James Version</a> Then three of the thirty chief men went down at harvest time and came to David at the cave of Adullam. And the troop of Philistines encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/nasb_/2_samuel/23.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> Then three of the thirty chief men went down and came to David at harvest time to the cave of Adullam, while the army of the Philistines was camping in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/nasb/2_samuel/23.htm">NASB 1995</a> Then three of the thirty chief men went down and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam, while the troop of the Philistines was camping in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/nasb77/2_samuel/23.htm">NASB 1977 </a> Then three of the thirty chief men went down and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam, while the troop of the Philistines was camping in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/lsb/2_samuel/23.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> Then three of the thirty chief men went down and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam, while the troop of the Philistines was camping in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/amp/2_samuel/23.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Then three of the thirty chief men went down and came to David at harvest time in the cave of Adullam, while an army of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/csb/2_samuel/23.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> Three of the thirty leading warriors went down at harvest time and came to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was camping in Rephaim Valley. <a href="/hcsb/2_samuel/23.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> Three of the 30 leading warriors went down at harvest time and came to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was camping in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/asv/2_samuel/23.htm">American Standard Version</a> And three of the thirty chief men went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/cev/2_samuel/23.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> One year at harvest time, the Three Warriors went to meet David at Adullam Cave. The Philistine army had set up camp in Rephaim Valley <a href="/erv/2_samuel/23.htm">English Revised Version</a> And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/gwt/2_samuel/23.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> At harvest time three of the thirty leading men came to David at the cave of Adullam when a troop from the Philistine army was camping in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/gnt/2_samuel/23.htm">Good News Translation</a> Near the beginning of harvest time three of "The Thirty" went down to Adullam Cave, where David was, while a band of Philistines was camping in Rephaim Valley. <a href="/isv/2_samuel/23.htm">International Standard Version</a> One day while the Philistine army was camping in the valley of giants, three of the 30 leaders joined David at the cave of Adullam. <a href="/msb/2_samuel/23.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> At harvest time, three of the thirty chief men went down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/net/2_samuel/23.htm">NET Bible</a> At the time of the harvest three of the thirty leaders went down to David at the cave of Adullam. A band of Philistines was camped in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/nheb/2_samuel/23.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> And three of the Thirty chief men went down, and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines was camped in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/wbt/2_samuel/23.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And three of the thirty chiefs went down, and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/web/2_samuel/23.htm">World English Bible</a> Three of the thirty chief men went down, and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/2_samuel/23.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And three of the thirty heads go down and come to the harvest, to David, to the cave of Adullam, and the company of the Philistines are encamping in the Valley of Rephaim, <a href="/ylt/2_samuel/23.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And three of the thirty heads go down and come unto the harvest, unto David, unto the cave of Adullam, and the company of the Philistines are encamping in the valley of Rephaim, <a href="/slt/2_samuel/23.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And three of the thirty heads will go down and come to the harvest, to David, to the cave of Adullam: and the wild beasts, the rovers, encamped in the valley of Rephaim.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/2_samuel/23.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> Moreover also before this the three who were princes among the thirty, went down and came to David in the harvest time into the cave of Odollam: and the camp of the Philistines was in the valley of the giants. <a href="/cpdv/2_samuel/23.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> And moreover, before this, the three who were leaders among the thirty descended and went to David at harvest time, in the cave of Adullam. But the camp of the Philistines was positioned in the Valley of the giants. <a href="/nabre/2_samuel/23.htm">New American Bible</a> Three of the Thirty chiefs went down to David in the cave of Adullam during the harvest, while a Philistine clan was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. <a href="/nrsvce/2_samuel/23.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> Towards the beginning of harvest three of the thirty chiefs went down to join David at the cave of Adullam, while a band of Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/2_samuel/23.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> And three of the valiant men went down and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Arlam; and the Philistines' cattle were grazing in the Plain of Giants. <a href="/hpbt/2_samuel/23.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And three of the mighty men went down, and they came in the time of harvest to David to the cave of Arlam, and the cattle of the Philistines were loose in the Plain of the Giants<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/2_samuel/23.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim. <a href="/sep/2_samuel/23.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> And three out of the thirty went down, and came to Cason to David, to the cave of Odollam; and there was an army of the Philistines, and they encamped in the valley of Raphain. <a href="/parallel/2_samuel/23-13.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_0ajZHUzMKw?start=7205" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/2_samuel/23.htm">David's Mighty Men</a> …12But Shammah took his stand in the middle of the field, defended it, and struck down the Philistines. So the LORD brought about a great victory. 13<a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el- (Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">At</a> <a href="/hebrew/7105.htm" title="7105: qā·ṣîr (N-ms) -- From qatsar; severed, i.e. Harvest, the crop, the time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb.">harvest time,</a> <a href="/hebrew/7970.htm" title="7970: šə·lō·šīm (Number-ms) -- Thirty. Or shloshiym; multiple of shalowsh; thirty; or thirtieth.">three</a> <a href="/hebrew/7970.htm" title="7970: mê·haš·šə·lō·šîm (Prep-m, Art:: Number-cp) -- Thirty. Or shloshiym; multiple of shalowsh; thirty; or thirtieth.">of the thirty</a> <a href="/hebrew/7218.htm" title="7218: rōš (N-ms) -- Head. From an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head, whether literal or figurative.">chief men</a> <a href="/hebrew/3381.htm" title="3381: way·yê·rə·ḏū (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp) -- To come or go down, descend. ">went down</a> <a href="/hebrew/935.htm" title="935: way·yā·ḇō·’ū (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp) -- To come in, come, go in, go. A primitive root; to go or come."></a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el- (Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">to</a> <a href="/hebrew/1732.htm" title="1732: dā·wiḏ (N-proper-ms) -- Perhaps beloved one, a son of Jesse. Rarely; Daviyd; from the same as dowd; loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse.">David</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el- (Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">at</a> <a href="/hebrew/4631.htm" title="4631: mə·‘ā·raṯ (N-fsc) -- A cave. From uwr; a cavern.">the cave</a> <a href="/hebrew/5725.htm" title="5725: ‘ă·ḏul·lām (N-proper-fs) -- A Canaanite city. Probably from the passive participle of the same as Adlay; Adullam, a place in Palestine.">of Adullam,</a> <a href="/hebrew/2416.htm" title="2416: wə·ḥay·yaṯ (Conj-w:: N-fsc) -- Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life. From chayah; alive; hence, raw; fresh, strong; also life, whether literally or figuratively.">while a company</a> <a href="/hebrew/6430.htm" title="6430: pə·liš·tîm (N-proper-mp) -- Inhab. of Philistia. Patrial from Plesheth; a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth.">of Philistines</a> <a href="/hebrew/2583.htm" title="2583: ḥō·nāh (V-Qal-Prtcpl-fs) -- A primitive root; properly, to incline; by implication, to decline; specifically, to pitch a tent; gen. To encamp.">was encamped</a> <a href="/hebrew/6010.htm" title="6010: bə·‘ê·meq (Prep-b:: N-msc) -- A vale. From amaq; a vale.">in the Valley</a> <a href="/hebrew/7497.htm" title="7497: rə·p̄ā·’îm (N-proper-mp) -- Inhab. of an area E. of the Jordan. Or raphah; from rapha' in the sense of invigorating; a giant.">of Rephaim.</a> 14At that time David was in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was at Bethlehem.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm">1 Chronicles 11:15-19</a> Three of the thirty chief men went down to David, to the rock at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. / At that time David was in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was at Bethlehem. / David longed for water and said, “Oh, that someone would get me a drink of water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem!” ... <a href="/judges/6-33.htm">Judges 6:33</a> Then all the Midianites, Amalekites, and other people of the east gathered together, crossed over the Jordan, and camped in the Valley of Jezreel. <a href="/1_samuel/22-1.htm">1 Samuel 22:1-2</a> So David left Gath and took refuge in the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and the rest of his father’s household heard about it, they went down to him there. / And all who were distressed or indebted or discontented rallied around him, and he became their leader. About four hundred men were with him. <a href="/1_samuel/17-1.htm">1 Samuel 17:1</a> Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war at Socoh in Judah, and they camped between Socoh and Azekah in Ephes-dammim. <a href="/1_samuel/7-13.htm">1 Samuel 7:13-14</a> So the Philistines were subdued, and they stopped invading the territory of Israel. And the hand of the LORD was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel. / The cities from Ekron to Gath, which the Philistines had taken, were restored to Israel, who also delivered the surrounding territory from the hand of the Philistines. And there was peace between the Israelites and the Amorites. <a href="/1_samuel/14-52.htm">1 Samuel 14:52</a> And the war with the Philistines was fierce for all the days of Saul. So whenever he noticed any strong or brave man, Saul would enlist him. <a href="/1_samuel/13-5.htm">1 Samuel 13:5</a> Now the Philistines assembled to fight against Israel with three thousand chariots, six thousand horsemen, and troops as numerous as the sand on the seashore. They went up and camped at Michmash, east of Beth-aven. <a href="/1_samuel/23-13.htm">1 Samuel 23:13-14</a> Then David and his men, about six hundred strong, set out and departed from Keilah, moving from place to place. When Saul was told that David had escaped from Keilah, he declined to go forth. / And David stayed in the wilderness strongholds and in the hill country of the Wilderness of Ziph. Day after day Saul searched for him, but God would not deliver David into his hand. <a href="/1_samuel/30-9.htm">1 Samuel 30:9-10</a> So David and his six hundred men went to the Brook of Besor, where some stayed behind / because two hundred men were too exhausted to cross the brook. But David and four hundred men continued in pursuit. <a href="/1_kings/19-9.htm">1 Kings 19:9</a> There Elijah entered a cave and spent the night. And the word of the LORD came to him, saying, “What are you doing here, Elijah?” <a href="/psalms/34-1.htm">Psalm 34:1-22</a> Of David, when he pretended to be insane before Abimelech, so that the king drove him away. I will bless the LORD at all times; His praise will always be on my lips. / My soul boasts in the LORD; let the oppressed hear and rejoice. / Magnify the LORD with me; let us exalt His name together. ... <a href="/psalms/57-1.htm">Psalm 57:1-11</a> For the choirmaster. To the tune of “Do Not Destroy.” A Miktam of David, when he fled from Saul into the cave. Have mercy on me, O God, have mercy, for in You my soul takes refuge. In the shadow of Your wings I will take shelter until the danger has passed. / I cry out to God Most High, to God who fulfills His purpose for me. / He reaches down from heaven and saves me; He rebukes those who trample me. Selah God sends forth His loving devotion and His truth. ... <a href="/psalms/142-1.htm">Psalm 142:1-7</a> A Maskil of David, when he was in the cave. A prayer. I cry aloud to the LORD; I lift my voice to the LORD for mercy. / I pour out my complaint before Him; I reveal my trouble to Him. / Although my spirit grows faint within me, You know my way. Along the path I travel they have hidden a snare for me. ... <a href="/matthew/4-1.htm">Matthew 4:1-11</a> Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. / After fasting forty days and forty nights, He was hungry. / The tempter came to Him and said, “If You are the Son of God, tell these stones to become bread.” ... <a href="/mark/1-12.htm">Mark 1:12-13</a> At once the Spirit drove Jesus into the wilderness, / and He was there for forty days, being tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and the angels ministered to Him.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.three, etc.<a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm">1 Chronicles 11:15-19</a> Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim… <a href="/2_samuel/23-8.htm">2 Samuel 23:8</a> These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.<a href="/exodus/14-7.htm">Exodus 14:7</a> And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over every one of them.the cave<a href="/joshua/12-15.htm">Joshua 12:15</a> The king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;<a href="/joshua/15-35.htm">Joshua 15:35</a> Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,<a href="/1_samuel/22-1.htm">1 Samuel 22:1</a> David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his brethren and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither to him.the valley<a href="/2_samuel/5-18.htm">2 Samuel 5:18,22</a> The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim… <a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm">1 Chronicles 11:15</a> Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.<a href="/1_chronicles/14-9.htm">1 Chronicles 14:9</a> And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_samuel/22-1.htm">Adullam</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-33.htm">Band</a> <a href="/1_samuel/29-1.htm">Camping</a> <a href="/2_samuel/17-9.htm">Cave</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-8.htm">Chief</a> <a href="/1_samuel/14-38.htm">Chiefs</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-11.htm">Company</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-9.htm">David</a> <a href="/2_samuel/17-26.htm">Encamped</a> <a href="/1_samuel/29-1.htm">Encamping</a> <a href="/ruth/1-22.htm">Grain-Cutting</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-10.htm">Harvest</a> <a href="/2_samuel/18-1.htm">Heads</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-12.htm">Philistines</a> <a href="/2_samuel/17-26.htm">Pitched</a> <a href="/2_samuel/12-28.htm">Position</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-22.htm">Rephaim</a> <a href="/2_samuel/5-22.htm">Reph'aim</a> <a href="/1_samuel/29-10.htm">Start</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-33.htm">Strong</a> <a href="/2_samuel/6-1.htm">Thirty</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-9.htm">Three</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-8.htm">Time</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-11.htm">Troop</a> <a href="/2_samuel/17-13.htm">Valley</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm">Adullam</a> <a href="/1_kings/7-35.htm">Band</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm">Camping</a> <a href="/1_kings/18-4.htm">Cave</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-18.htm">Chief</a> <a href="/1_kings/5-16.htm">Chiefs</a> <a href="/1_kings/8-5.htm">Company</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-14.htm">David</a> <a href="/2_samuel/24-5.htm">Encamped</a> <a href="/1_kings/16-15.htm">Encamping</a> <a href="/2_samuel/24-15.htm">Grain-Cutting</a> <a href="/job/4-8.htm">Harvest</a> <a href="/2_samuel/24-4.htm">Heads</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-14.htm">Philistines</a> <a href="/2_samuel/24-5.htm">Pitched</a> <a href="/1_kings/2-35.htm">Position</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm">Rephaim</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm">Reph'aim</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/34-18.htm">Start</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-14.htm">Strong</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-18.htm">Thirty</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-16.htm">Three</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-14.htm">Time</a> <a href="/1_kings/11-24.htm">Troop</a> <a href="/2_samuel/24-5.htm">Valley</a><div class="vheading2">2 Samuel 23</div>1. <a href="/2_samuel/23-1.htm">David, in his last words, professes his faith in God's promises</a> 6. <a href="/2_samuel/23-6.htm">The different state of the wicked</a> 8. <a href="/2_samuel/23-8.htm">A catalogue of David's mighty men</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_samuel/23.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_samuel/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/2_samuel/23.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>At harvest time This phrase indicates a specific time of year, likely late spring or early summer, when crops such as barley and wheat were gathered. Harvest time was significant in Israelite culture, often associated with festivals and offerings to God, such as the Feast of Weeks (Shavuot). It was a time of both celebration and vulnerability, as enemies might attack to seize the harvest.three of the thirty chief men The "thirty chief men" refers to a group of elite warriors who were part of David's mighty men, a select group of soldiers known for their bravery and loyalty. These men were renowned for their military exploits and played a crucial role in establishing David's kingdom. The mention of "three" suggests a subset of these warriors, possibly the most distinguished among them, highlighting their importance and valor.went down to David at the cave of Adullam The cave of Adullam served as a stronghold for David during his flight from King Saul. It is located in the Judean hills, providing a strategic and defensible position. This location is significant as it became a gathering place for those who were in distress, in debt, or discontented, who joined David and became his followers (<a href="/1_samuel/22.htm">1 Samuel 22:1-2</a>). The cave symbolizes refuge and the beginning of David's rise to power.while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim The Philistines were a constant threat to Israel during this period, often engaging in battles with David and his men. The Valley of Rephaim, located southwest of Jerusalem, was a fertile area and a strategic location for military campaigns. The presence of the Philistines in this valley indicates a time of conflict and tension, as they sought to assert control over the region. This setting underscores the challenges David faced and his reliance on God for victory, as seen in other battles against the Philistines (<a href="/2_samuel/5-18.htm">2 Samuel 5:18-25</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/d/david.htm">David</a> The anointed king of Israel, who at this time was not yet reigning over all of Israel. He was a man after God's own heart and a central figure in the Old Testament. 2. <a href="/topical/t/three_of_the_thirty_chief_men.htm">Three of the Thirty Chief Men</a> These were part of David's elite warriors, known for their bravery and loyalty. They were among the "mighty men" who supported David during his rise to power. 3. <a href="/topical/c/cave_of_adullam.htm">Cave of Adullam</a> A stronghold where David sought refuge while fleeing from King Saul. It became a gathering place for those who were in distress or discontented, who later became David's loyal followers. 4. <a href="/topical/p/philistines.htm">Philistines</a> A perennial enemy of Israel, often at war with them. They were encamped in the Valley of Rephaim, posing a threat to David and his men. 5. <a href="/topical/v/valley_of_rephaim.htm">Valley of Rephaim</a> A fertile valley near Jerusalem, often a battleground between the Israelites and the Philistines.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/l/loyalty_and_brotherhood.htm">Loyalty and Brotherhood</a> The three chief men exemplify loyalty and brotherhood, risking their lives for David. In our lives, we should cultivate relationships that are marked by loyalty and mutual support. <a href="/topical/f/faith_in_adversity.htm">Faith in Adversity</a> David's time in the cave of Adullam was marked by faith and reliance on God. In times of personal "caves" or trials, we should seek refuge in God and trust His plan. <a href="/topical/s/spiritual_warfare.htm">Spiritual Warfare</a> The presence of the Philistines in the Valley of Rephaim symbolizes the constant spiritual battles we face. We must be vigilant and prepared to stand firm in our faith. <a href="/topical/l/leadership_and_influence.htm">Leadership and Influence</a> David's ability to attract and lead a group of distressed individuals into a formidable force shows the power of godly leadership. We should strive to lead others by example, drawing them closer to God.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_2_samuel_23.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 2 Samuel 23</a> <a href="/q/is_the_water-fetching_story_credible.htm">(2 Samuel 23:13–17) How credible is the story of warriors breaking through enemy lines just to draw water and then pouring it out? </a> <a href="/q/ark_to_jerusalem__before_or_after_philistines.htm">When did David bring the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem? Before defeating the Philistines or after? After (2 Samuel 5 and 6) Before (I Chronicles 13 and 14)</a> <a href="/q/why_is_the_cave_of_adullam_important.htm">What is the significance of the Cave of Adullam?</a> <a href="/q/what_does_'no_respecter_of_persons'_mean.htm">Why did David slay more than Saul?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/2_samuel/23.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(13) Three of the thirty.--For "three" the Hebrew text reads "thirty" by a manifest error, which is corrected in the margin. These are not the same three (since there is no definite article) with those just mentioned, but were another three more eminent than the rest of the thirty, two of them being, no doubt, Abishai and Benaiah (<a href="/2_samuel/23-18.htm" title="And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and slew them, and had the name among three.">2Samuel 23:18</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/23-23.htm" title="He was more honorable than the thirty, but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard.">2Samuel 23:23</a>). "The thirty" seems to have been a common name for this band of heroes (comp. <a href="/context/2_samuel/23-23.htm" title="He was more honorable than the thirty, but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard.">2Samuel 23:23-24</a>, &c), who were perhaps originally exactly thirty, but whose number varied from time to time, being here given (<a href="/2_samuel/23-39.htm" title="Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.">2Samuel 23:39</a>) as thirty-seven.In the harvest time.--"The preposition does not mean in, and the reading in <a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm" title="Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.">1Chronicles 11:15</a> 'to the rock' is perhaps the true one" (Kirkpatrick). On "the valley of Rephaim," see Note on <a href="/2_samuel/5-18.htm" title="The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.">2Samuel 5:18</a>. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/2_samuel/23.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 13. - And three. The Hebrew text has "thirty," for which both the Authorized Version and the Revised Version silently substitute "three," as is correctly given in Chronicles. The absence of the article shows that these three were not Jashobeam, Eleazar, and Shammah, but probably Abishai, Be-naiah, and another whose name and exploits have been purposely omitted both here and in Chronicles. Apparently this narrative, so interesting as showing the fascination which David exercised over his men, is given as having led to the institution of this second order of three in the brotherhood of the mighties. In the harvest time. The Hebrew is "to harvest," but in <a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm">1 Chronicles 11:15</a> "to the rock." As the preposition used here cannot mean "in," this is probably the right reading. In this case, also, it is the similarity of the words that has led to the con. fusion. Is it possible that these lists were taken from very old and worn catalogues, which it was very difficult to decipher? <a href="/commentaries/2_samuel/23-13.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>At אֶל־ (’el-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> Near, with, among, to harvest time, קָצִיר֙ (qā·ṣîr) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7105.htm">Strong's 7105: </a> Severed, harvest, the crop, the time, the reaper, a limb three שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה (šə·lō·šāh) Number - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7970.htm">Strong's 7970: </a> Thirty, thirtieth of the thirty מֵהַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים (mê·haš·šə·lō·šîm) Preposition-m, Article | Number - common plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7970.htm">Strong's 7970: </a> Thirty, thirtieth chief men רֹ֗אשׁ (rōš) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7218.htm">Strong's 7218: </a> The head went down וַיֵּרְד֨וּ (way·yê·rə·ḏū) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3381.htm">Strong's 3381: </a> To come or go down, descend to אֶל־ (’el-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> Near, with, among, to David דָּוִ֔ד (dā·wiḏ) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1732.htm">Strong's 1732: </a> David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse at אֶל־ (’el-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> Near, with, among, to the cave מְעָרַ֖ת (mə·‘ā·raṯ) Noun - feminine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4631.htm">Strong's 4631: </a> A cavern of Adullam, עֲדֻלָּ֑ם (‘ă·ḏul·lām) Noun - proper - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5725.htm">Strong's 5725: </a> Adullam -- a Canaanite city while a company וְחַיַּ֣ת (wə·ḥay·yaṯ) Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2416.htm">Strong's 2416: </a> Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life of Philistines פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים (pə·liš·tîm) Noun - proper - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6430.htm">Strong's 6430: </a> Philistines -- inhabitants of Philistia was encamped חֹנָ֖ה (ḥō·nāh) Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2583.htm">Strong's 2583: </a> To incline, to decline, to pitch a, tent, gen, to encamp in the Valley בְּעֵ֥מֶק (bə·‘ê·meq) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6010.htm">Strong's 6010: </a> A vale of Rephaim. רְפָאִֽים׃ (rə·p̄ā·’îm) Noun - proper - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7497.htm">Strong's 7497: </a> Rephaim -- inhabitants of an area East of the Jordan <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/2_samuel/23-13.htm">2 Samuel 23:13 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-13.htm">OT History: 2 Samuel 23:13 Three of the thirty chief men went (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/2_samuel/23-12.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2 Samuel 23:12"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2 Samuel 23:12" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/2_samuel/23-14.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2 Samuel 23:14"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2 Samuel 23:14" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>