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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Werk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Werk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Crutzen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 61 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%86" title="بول كروتزن – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بول كروتزن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%86" title="بول چوزيف كروتزن – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بول چوزيف كروتزن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Krutzen" title="Paul Krutzen – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paul Krutzen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%86" title="پاول کروتزن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاول کروتزن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Паўль Крутцэн – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўль Крутцэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Паул Крутцен – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Паул Крутцен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87._%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%81" title="পাউল জে. ক্যোর্তজঁ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাউল জে. ক্যোর্তজঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Jozef_Crutzen" title="Paul Jozef Crutzen – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paul Jozef Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Πάουλ Κρέτσεν – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πάουλ Κρέτσεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paul Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%86" title="پاول کروتزن – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاول کروتزن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="aanbevolen artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Josef_Crutzen" title="Paul Josef Crutzen – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paul Josef Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Jozef_Crutzen" title="Paul Jozef Crutzen – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Paul Jozef Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%9F" title="פול קרוצן – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פול קרוצן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Josef_Crutzen" title="Paul Josef Crutzen – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paul Josef Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paul Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3" title="パウル・クルッツェン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パウル・クルッツェン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9A%B8_%ED%81%AC%EB%A4%BC%EC%B2%9C" title="파울 크뤼천 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파울 크뤼천" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulus_Iosephus_Crutzen" title="Paulus Iosephus Crutzen – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Paulus Iosephus Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Paul Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Jozef_Crutzen" title="Paul Jozef Crutzen – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paul Jozef Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Josef_Crutzen" title="Paul Josef Crutzen – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Paul Josef Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%86" title="پاول کروتزن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاول کروتزن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Josef_Crutzen" title="Paul Josef Crutzen – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Paul Josef Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Jozef_Crutzen" title="Paul Jozef Crutzen – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paul Jozef Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paul Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B2%D9%86" title="پال کروٹزن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پال کروٹزن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paul Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paul Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Крутцен, Пауль – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крутцен, Пауль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Josef_Crutzen" title="Paul Josef Crutzen – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paul Josef Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Паул Круцен – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Паул Круцен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Paul Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பால் சோசப் கிரட்சன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பால் சோசப் கிரட்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paul Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Пауль Крутцен – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пауль Крутцен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Пауль Крутцен – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пауль Крутцен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%DB%92_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B2%D9%86" title="پاول جے کوٹزن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاول جے کوٹزن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Paul J. Crutzen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პაულ კრუტცენი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პაულ კრუტცენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Paul J. 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Paul Josef Crutzen </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/3_december" title="3 december">3 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> - 28 januari <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Paul_Crutzen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Paul Josef Crutzen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Paul_Crutzen.jpg/266px-Paul_Crutzen.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Paul_Crutzen.jpg/399px-Paul_Crutzen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Paul_Crutzen.jpg/532px-Paul_Crutzen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2694" data-file-height="3696" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Paul Josef Crutzen</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2">Scheikunde </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">"Voor hun verrichtingen op het gebied van de <a href="/wiki/Atmosfeerchemie" title="Atmosfeerchemie">atmosfeerchemie</a>, in het bijzonder het <a href="/wiki/Ozongat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozongat">ozongat</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <th>Samen met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Mario J. Molina</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_Olah" class="mw-redirect" title="George Olah">George Olah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Harold Kroto</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Scheikunde" title="Portaal:Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Paul Josef Crutzen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/3_december" title="3 december">3 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/28_januari" title="28 januari">28 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederlandse</a> <a href="/wiki/Meteoroloog" title="Meteoroloog">meteoroloog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samen met <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Mario Molina</a> en <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a> won hij in 1995 de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Scheikunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Scheikunde">Nobelprijs voor de Scheikunde</a> voor hun verrichtingen op het gebied van de <a href="/wiki/Atmosfeerchemie" title="Atmosfeerchemie">atmosfeerchemie</a>, in het bijzonder het <a href="/wiki/Ozongat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozongat">ozongat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Crutzen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Crutzen&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul Crutzen werd geboren in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> op 3 december 1933 als zoon van Jozef Crutzen en Anna Gurk. Zijn vader was kelner en zijn moeder kokkin. Hij deed aan het <a href="/wiki/St.-Ignatiuscollege" class="mw-redirect" title="St.-Ignatiuscollege">St.-Ignatiuscollege</a> te Amsterdam examen <a href="/wiki/Hogereburgerschool" title="Hogereburgerschool">HBS</a> in 1951. Omdat hij ten gevolge van ziekte anders dan voor de exacte vakken onvoldoende resultaat had behaald, kreeg hij geen beurs voor de universiteit. In plaats daarvan volgde hij de <a href="/wiki/Middelbare_technische_school" title="Middelbare technische school">mts</a>. Dit was (tot 1957) de aanduiding van wat later <a href="/wiki/Hts" class="mw-redirect" title="Hts">hts</a> zou heten, een opleiding op wat tegenwoordig heet <a href="/wiki/Hoger_beroepsonderwijs" title="Hoger beroepsonderwijs">hbo</a>-niveau. Van 1954 tot 1958 werkte hij als bruggenbouwer voor de gemeente Amsterdam en vervulde hij zijn dienstplicht. </p><p>In Zwitserland ontmoette hij de Finse Terttu Soininen, met wie hij in 1958 in het huwelijk trad. Zij gingen in <a href="/wiki/Zweden" title="Zweden">Zweden</a> wonen. Crutzen kreeg een baan als computerprogrammeur bij de vakgroep <a href="/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie">Meteorologie</a> aan de universiteit van <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. Tot 1966 was hij betrokken bij een aantal projecten, met name op het gebied van numerieke voorspellingsmodellen. </p><p>Op advies van de toenmalige directeur Bert Bolin volgde hij zijn werkcolleges en in 1963 behaalde hij zijn doctoraalexamen aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Stockholm" title="Universiteit van Stockholm">universiteit van Stockholm</a> in een combinatie van wiskunde, statistiek en meteorologie. Hij kon geen <a href="/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde">natuurkunde</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde">scheikunde</a> studeren, omdat hij de tijd niet had om practica te doen; daarom werd hij theoreticus. </p><p>Crutzen <a href="/wiki/Wetenschappelijke_promotie" title="Wetenschappelijke promotie">promoveerde</a> in <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> aan de Universiteit van Stockholm tot <a href="/wiki/Doctor" title="Doctor">doctor</a> in de meteorologie. Aan dezelfde universiteit was hij van <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> werkzaam als onderzoeker. Van <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> doceerde hij ook aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Oxford" title="Universiteit van Oxford">Universiteit van Oxford</a>. In 1974 verhuisde hij met zijn jonge gezin naar de Verenigde Staten (hij was inmiddels vader van twee dochters). Van <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> werkte hij in het <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Center for Atmospheric Research (de pagina bestaat niet)">National Center for Atmospheric Research</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado)">Boulder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_(staat)" title="Colorado (staat)">Colorado</a>. Vanaf <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> is Crutzen hoofd van het departement voor atmosferische chemie van het <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Instituut" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Instituut">Max Planck Instituut</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>. In 1998 ging hij met emeritaat en droeg hij de leiding van het instituut over aan de Nederlander Jos Lelieveld. Van 1997 tot 2002 was hij hoogleraar Aeronomie bij de faculteit Natuur- en sterrenkunde van de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_Utrecht" title="Universiteit Utrecht">Universiteit Utrecht</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werk">Werk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Crutzen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Werk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Crutzen&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Werk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de jaren zestig en zeventig bestudeerde Crutzen de invloed van <a href="/wiki/Stikstofoxiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Stikstofoxiden">stikstofoxiden</a> op de <a href="/wiki/Ozonlaag" title="Ozonlaag">ozonlaag</a>. De op dat moment bekende theorie van Chapman over de samenhang van <a href="/wiki/Zuurstof_(element)" title="Zuurstof (element)">zuurstof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolette straling</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ozon_(stof)" title="Ozon (stof)">O<sub>3</sub> (ozon)</a> leverde slechts een kwalitatieve overeenkomst op met ozonwaarnemingen, en geen kwantitatieve. Crutzen <a href="/wiki/Axioma" title="Axioma">postuleerde</a> dat ook de invloed van <a href="/wiki/Stikstofmonoxide" title="Stikstofmonoxide">NO</a>, vooral afkomstig van het van <a href="/wiki/Biogeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Biogeen">biogene</a> oorsprong zijnde <a href="/wiki/Distikstofmonoxide" title="Distikstofmonoxide">lachgas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Distikstofoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Distikstofoxide">N<sub>2</sub>O</a>), van belang is om het gedrag van ozon in de <a href="/wiki/Stratosfeer" title="Stratosfeer">stratosfeer</a> te verklaren. NO, via <a href="/wiki/Fotolyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotolyse">fotolyse</a> gevormd uit lachgas, gaat een <a href="/wiki/Katalyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Katalyse">katalytische</a> reactie met ozon aan, waarbij ozon wordt omgezet in gewone zuurstof (O<sub>2</sub>). Die reacties leiden tot een evenwichtsconcentratie van ozon die ook <a href="/wiki/Kwantitatief" title="Kwantitatief">kwantitatief</a> in overeenstemming is met ozonwaarnemingen. NO blijft bij de reacties intact en kan telkens opnieuw ozon omzetten in zuurstof. </p><p>Dit postulaat van Crutzen was van groot belang en leidde tot de gedachte dat wellicht ook andere (door menselijke activiteit veroorzaakte) sporengassen dergelijke katalytische reacties kunnen veroorzaken en de ozonlaag kunnen afbreken. De Amerikaan van Mexicaanse afkomst <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Molina">Mario J. Molina</a> en de Amerikaan <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a> ontdekten in <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> dat dit inderdaad het geval is voor <a href="/wiki/Chloorfluorkoolwaterstoffen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloorfluorkoolwaterstoffen">cfk's</a>, waaruit zich via fotolyse chloorradicalen kunnen losmaken. De theorie van Crutzen werd in <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> nogmaals bevestigd toen een groot gat in de ozonlaag boven <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> ontdekt werd. Het gevolg van die ontdekking was een drastische beperking in de toepassing van cfk's (toen voornamelijk gebruikt als drijfgassen in spuitbussen en als koelmiddel in koelkasten), waarna een langzaam herstel van de ozonlaag kon intreden. </p><p>Crutzen won in <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Scheikunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Scheikunde">Nobelprijs voor de Scheikunde</a> voor zijn werk in de atmosferische chemie, samen met Rowland en Molina voor hun ontdekking welke chemicaliën betrokken zijn bij de afbraak van de ozonlaag. De Nobelprijs was niet alleen een persoonlijk succes voor Crutzen, maar vormde tevens de internationale erkenning van de atmosferische chemie als zelfstandige wetenschapsdiscipline. Vanwege zijn Nobelprijs werd Cutzen benoemd tot commandeur in de <a href="/wiki/Orde_van_de_Nederlandse_Leeuw" title="Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw">Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 19 oktober 2017 werd hij benoemd tot erelid van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Chemische Vereniging <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kncv.nl">(KNCV)</a>. </p><p>Paul Crutzen is mede de uitvinder van de term <a href="/wiki/Antropoceen" title="Antropoceen">Antropoceen</a>: het geologische tijdperk dat begonnen is en waar de menselijke invloed op de planeet zo sterk is geworden dat we met zuiver geologische factoren niet meer alles kunnen verklaren.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 24 december 2019 ontving Crutzen als tweede Nederlander ooit de <a href="/wiki/Gouden_Lomonosov-medaille" title="Gouden Lomonosov-medaille">Gouden Lomonosov-medaille</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Russische_academie_van_wetenschappen" class="mw-redirect" title="Russische academie van wetenschappen">Russische academie van wetenschappen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hij overleed in het <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitse</a> Mainz op 87-jarige leeftijd.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Crutzen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Crutzen&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2366382-nobelprijswinnaar-paul-crutzen-overleden.html">Nobelprijswinnaar Paul Crutzen overleden</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Duits">(<span>de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpg.de/16358125/die-max-planck-gesellschaft-trauert-um-paul-crutzen?c=2191">Nobelpreisträger Paul Crutzen gestorben</a> Max-Planck-Gesellschaft</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profs.library.uu.nl/index.php/profrec/getprofdata/442/30/181/0">Catalogus Professorum - Prof Detail</a>. <i>profs.library.uu.nl</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-01-29">29 januari 2021</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digibron.nl/viewer/collectie/Digibron/id/tag:RD.nl,19960426:newsml_c3c3548503f9a44cf6083c733b4462c91beb7d9536da42653ef44172">Reformatorisch dagblad</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es903118j">The New World of the Anthropocene</a> <i>Environmental Science & Technology</i>, 2010, 44 (7), pp 2228–2231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Russisch">(<span>ru</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ras.ru/FStorage/Download.aspx?id=2b33ee65-9ec4-4a7b-97c8-6bac186a0a86">Постановление Президиума РАН «О присуждении Большой золотой медали Российской академии наук имени М. В. Ломоносова 2019 года» № 221 от 24 декабря 2019 года</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/04/science/paul-crutzen-dead.html">Paul J. Crutzen, a Dutch scientist who earned a Nobel Prize for work that warned the world about the threat of chemicals to the planet’s ozone layer and who went on to push for action against global warming, died on Jan. 28 in Mainz, Germany. He was 87.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">Bibsys</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90669288">90669288</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12418538b">cb12418538b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12418538b">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07471956?l=en">DA07471956</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Digitale_Bibliotheek_voor_de_Nederlandse_Letteren" title="Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren">Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/auteurs/auteur.php?id=crut001">crut001</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124174256">124174256</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000109237520">0000 0001 0923 7520</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n88060471">n88060471</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Letland" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland">Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000306715&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000306715</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00665345">00665345</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0259977&CON_LNG=ENG">xx0259977</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007440474905171">987007440474905171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071776621">071776621</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89RO" title="RÉRO">Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A003145838">02-A003145838</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/182554">182554</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60q3dr1">w60q3dr1</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033305803">033305803</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/90722427">90722427</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/90722427">90722427</a></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie winnaars van de Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde">Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <p><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus van 't Hoff">Van 't Hoff</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">E. Fischer</a></span> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Baeyer</a> · 1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a> · 1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Sabatier</a> · 1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a> · 1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a> · 1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Willstätter</a> · 1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a> · 1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a> · 1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a> · 1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a> · 1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a> · 1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Wieland</a> · 1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a> · 1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Euler-Chelpin</a></span> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer_(scheikundige)" title="Hans Fischer (scheikundige)">H. Fischer</a> · 1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a> · 1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Urey</a> · <span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a></span> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Haworth" title="Walter Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Lavoslav Ružička">Ružička</a> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">Hevesy</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Virtanen</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner" title="James Batcheller Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a> · 1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a> · 1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg">Seaborg</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin" title="Archer John Porter Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Synge</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vigneaud</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Semjonov" title="Nikolaj Semjonov">Semjonov</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">Todd</a> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler_(scheikundige)" title="Karl Ziegler (scheikundige)">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Woodward</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Stein" title="William Stein">Stein</a> · <span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E.O. Fischer</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a> · 1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a> · 1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a> · 1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell_(biochemicus)" title="Peter Mitchell (biochemicus)">Mitchell</a> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brown" title="Herbert Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg_(scheikundige)" title="Paul Berg (scheikundige)">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> · 1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a> · 1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">Polanyi</a> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Cram" title="Donald Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a> · 1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Marcus</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(scheikundige)" title="Michael Smith (scheikundige)">Smith</a> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">Olah</a> · 1995: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a> · 1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a> · 1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> · 2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Noyori" title="Ryoji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steitz" title="Thomas Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Yonath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Shechtman" title="Daniel Shechtman">Shechtman</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">Moerner</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Winter</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(scheikundige)" title="George Smith (scheikundige)">Smith</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a> · 2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> · 2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Jekimov" title="Alexei Jekimov">Jekimov</a> · 2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemicus)" title="David Baker (biochemicus)">Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jumper" title="John Jumper">Jumper</a> </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Opwarming_van_de_Aarde" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_klimaatverandering" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie klimaatverandering"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_klimaatverandering" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_klimaatverandering&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Opwarming_van_de_Aarde" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Opwarming_van_de_Aarde" title="Opwarming van de Aarde">Opwarming van de Aarde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Algemeen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Broeikasgas" title="Broeikasgas">broeikasgas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatverandering" title="Klimaatverandering">klimaatverandering</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatcrisis" title="Klimaatcrisis">klimaatcrisis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Systeem_Aarde" title="Systeem Aarde">systeem Aarde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">koolstofdioxide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stikstofoxide" title="Stikstofoxide">stikstofoxiden</a> · <a href="/wiki/Methaan" title="Methaan">methaan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Most_Affected_People_and_Areas" title="Most Affected People and Areas">Most Affected People and Areas</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Gevolgen_van_de_opwarming_van_de_Aarde" title="Gevolgen van de opwarming van de Aarde">Fenomenen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Antropoceen" title="Antropoceen">antropoceen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Droogte" title="Droogte">droogte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Extreem_weer" title="Extreem weer">extreem weer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Flitsdroogte" title="Flitsdroogte">flitsdroogte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hittegolf" title="Hittegolf">hittegolf</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verwoestijning" title="Verwoestijning">verwoestijning</a> · <a href="/wiki/Waterschaarste" title="Waterschaarste">waterschaarste</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zeespiegelstijging" title="Zeespiegelstijging">zeespiegelstijging</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kantelpunten_in_het_klimaat" title="Kantelpunten in het klimaat">kantelpunten in het klimaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatvluchteling" title="Klimaatvluchteling">klimaatvluchteling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Terugtrekking_van_gletsjers_sinds_1850" title="Terugtrekking van gletsjers sinds 1850">terugtrekking van gletsjers sinds 1850</a> · <a href="/wiki/Global_dimming" title="Global dimming">global dimming</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gat_in_de_ozonlaag#Samenhang_broeikaseffect_en_ozonafbraak" title="Gat in de ozonlaag">gat in de ozonlaag</a> · <a href="/wiki/Massa-extinctie" title="Massa-extinctie">massa-extinctie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Internationaal overleg:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Kopenhagen_2009#Akkoord_van_Kopenhagen" title="Klimaatconferentie van Kopenhagen 2009">Akkoord van Kopenhagen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Akkoord_van_Parijs" title="Akkoord van Parijs">Akkoord van Parijs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Desertificatieverdrag" title="Desertificatieverdrag">Desertificatieverdrag</a> · <a href="/wiki/Europees_systeem_voor_emissiehandel" title="Europees systeem voor emissiehandel">Europees systeem voor emissiehandel</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Forests_Now_Declaration" title="Forests Now Declaration">Forests Now Declaration</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Klimaatfonds#Green_Climate_Fund" title="Klimaatfonds">Green Climate Fund</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Kopenhagen_2009" title="Klimaatconferentie van Kopenhagen 2009">Klimaatconferentie van Kopenhagen 2009</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Lima_2014" title="Klimaatconferentie van Lima 2014">Klimaatconferentie van Lima 2014 (COP-20)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Parijs_2015" title="Klimaatconferentie van Parijs 2015">Klimaatconferentie van Parijs 2015 (COP-21)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Marrakesh_2016" title="Klimaatconferentie van Marrakesh 2016">Klimaatconferentie van Marrakesh 2016 (COP-22)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Bonn_2017" title="Klimaatconferentie van Bonn 2017">Klimaatconferentie van Bonn 2017 (COP-23)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Katowice_2018" title="Klimaatconferentie van Katowice 2018">Klimaatconferentie van Katowice 2018 (COP24)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Madrid_2019" title="Klimaatconferentie van Madrid 2019">Klimaatconferentie van Madrid 2019 (COP25)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Glasgow_2021" title="Klimaatconferentie van Glasgow 2021">Klimaatconferentie van Glasgow 2021 (COP26)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Sharm-el-Sheikh_2022" title="Klimaatconferentie van Sharm-el-Sheikh 2022">Klimaatconferentie van Sharm-el-Sheikh 2022 (COP27)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Dubai_2023" title="Klimaatconferentie van Dubai 2023">Klimaatconferentie van Dubai (COP28)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Bakoe_2024" title="Klimaatconferentie van Bakoe 2024">Klimaatconferentie van Bakoe (COP29)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatverdrag" title="Klimaatverdrag">Klimaatverdrag (UNFCCC)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kyoto-protocol" title="Kyoto-protocol">Kyoto-protocol</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Maatregelen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bebossing" title="Bebossing">bebossing</a> · <a href="/wiki/BECCS" title="BECCS">BECCS</a> · <a href="/wiki/CO2-afvang_en_-opslag" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2-afvang en -opslag">CO<sub>2</sub>-afvang en -opslag</a> · <a href="/wiki/CO2-belasting" title="CO2-belasting">CO<sub>2</sub>-belasting</a> · <a href="/wiki/Duurzame_ontwikkeling" title="Duurzame ontwikkeling">duurzame ontwikkeling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emissiehandel" title="Emissiehandel">emissiehandel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Energiebesparing" title="Energiebesparing">energiebesparing</a> · <a href="/wiki/Energietransitie" title="Energietransitie">energietransitie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Europese_klimaatwet" title="Europese klimaatwet">Europese klimaatwet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geo-engineering" title="Geo-engineering">geo-engineering</a> · <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kerosinetaks" title="Kerosinetaks">kerosinetaks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatadaptatie" title="Klimaatadaptatie">klimaatadaptatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatmitigatie" title="Klimaatmitigatie">klimaatmitigatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatneutraal" title="Klimaatneutraal">klimaatneutraal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatrechtspraak" title="Klimaatrechtspraak">klimaatrechtspraak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatwet" title="Klimaatwet">klimaatwet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koolstofput" title="Koolstofput">koolstofput</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zonnestralingsbeheer" title="Zonnestralingsbeheer">zonnestralingsbeheer</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Metingen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Hockeystickcurve" title="Hockeystickcurve">Hockeystickcurve</a> · <a href="/wiki/Keelingcurve" title="Keelingcurve">Keelingcurve</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa_Observatorium" title="Mauna Loa Observatorium">Mauna Loa Observatorium</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Ny-%C3%85lesund" title="Ny-Ålesund">Ny-Ålesund</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Climate" title="State of the Climate">State of the Climate</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Temperatuurstijging_in_het_noordpoolgebied" title="Temperatuurstijging in het noordpoolgebied">Temperatuurstijging in het noordpoolgebied</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wereld_Meteorologische_Organisatie" title="Wereld Meteorologische Organisatie">Wereld Meteorologische Organisatie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Onderzoek:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Algemeen_circulatiemodel" title="Algemeen circulatiemodel">Algemeen circulatiemodel</a> (ACM, GCM) · <i><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_Performance_Index" title="Climate Change Performance Index">Climate Change Performance Index</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker" title="Climate Action Tracker">Climate Action Tracker</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Gaia-hypothese" title="Gaia-hypothese">Gaia-hypothese</a> · <a href="/wiki/IPCC-rapport_2014" title="IPCC-rapport 2014">IPCC-rapport 2014</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_klimaatwetenschappers" title="Lijst van klimaatwetenschappers">Lijst van klimaatwetenschappers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Planetaire_grenzen" title="Planetaire grenzen">Planetaire grenzen</a> · <a href="/wiki/RCP_scenario%27s" title="RCP scenario's">RCP scenario's</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Stern_Review" title="Stern Review">Stern Review</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Tellus_Institute_(Boston)" title="Tellus Institute (Boston)">Tellus Institute</a></i></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Overheidsprogramma's:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Deltaprogramma" title="Deltaprogramma">Deltaprogramma</a> · <a href="/wiki/Energieakkoord_voor_duurzame_groei" title="Energieakkoord voor duurzame groei">Energieakkoord voor duurzame groei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Energiebox" title="Energiebox">Energiebox</a> · <a href="/wiki/Europese_Green_Deal" title="Europese Green Deal">Europese Green Deal</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatbos" title="Klimaatbos">klimaatbos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatnoodtoestand" title="Klimaatnoodtoestand">klimaatnoodtoestand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nationaal_emissieplafond" title="Nationaal emissieplafond">Nationaal emissieplafond</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Emissieautoriteit" title="Nederlandse Emissieautoriteit">Nederlandse Emissieautoriteit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sigmaplan" title="Sigmaplan">Sigmaplan</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Opinie en controverse:</b></td><td class="rechts"><i><a href="/wiki/Climategate" title="Climategate">Climategate</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Controverse_over_de_opwarming_van_de_Aarde" title="Controverse over de opwarming van de Aarde">Controverse over de opwarming van de Aarde</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Koch_Industries" title="Koch Industries">Koch Industries</a></i></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Sociale actie & media:</b></td><td class="rechts"><i><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth" title="An Inconvenient Truth">An Inconvenient Truth</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Dikketruiendag_en_Warmetruiendag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dikketruiendag en Warmetruiendag">Dikketruiendag en Warmetruiendag</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Hour" title="Earth Hour">Earth Hour</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Energy_Survival" title="Energy Survival">Energy Survival</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatactivist_in_de_politiek" title="Klimaatactivist in de politiek">Klimaatactivist in de politiek</a> (boek) · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatrechtvaardigheid" title="Klimaatrechtvaardigheid">Klimaatrechtvaardigheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatvisualisatie" title="Klimaatvisualisatie">Klimaatvisualisatie</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Live_Earth" title="Live Earth">Live Earth</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Internationaal_pooljaar" title="Internationaal pooljaar">pooljaar</a> (2007-2009) · <a href="/wiki/Vleesloze_dag" title="Vleesloze dag">Vleesloze dag</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaatbeweging" title="Klimaatbeweging">Klimaatbeweging</a> · <a href="/wiki/Schoolstaking_voor_het_klimaat" title="Schoolstaking voor het klimaat">Schoolstaking voor het klimaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Anuna_De_Wever" title="Anuna De Wever">Anuna De Wever</a> · <a href="/wiki/Het_Klimaatboek" title="Het Klimaatboek">Het Klimaatboek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Extinction_Rebellion" title="Extinction Rebellion">Extinction Rebellion</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grootouders_voor_het_Klimaat" title="Grootouders voor het Klimaat">Grootouders voor het Klimaat</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Crutzen&oldid=61572505">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Crutzen&oldid=61572505</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Klimatoloog" title="Categorie:Klimatoloog">Klimatoloog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Nederlands_scheikundige" title="Categorie:Nederlands scheikundige">Nederlands scheikundige</a></li><li><a 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