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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropia_molar_est%C3%A0ndard" title="Entropia molar estàndard - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Entropia molar estàndard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardn%C3%AD_mol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_entropie" title="Standardní molární entropie - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Standardní molární entropie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B7_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πρότυπη μοριακή εντροπία - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρότυπη μοριακή εντροπία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_molar_entropy" title="Standard molar entropy - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Standard molar entropy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrop%C3%ADa_molar_est%C3%A1ndar" title="Entropía molar estándar - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Entropía molar estándar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="آنتروپی مولی استاندارد - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنتروپی مولی استاندارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropie_molaire_standard" title="Entropie molaire standard - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Entropie molaire standard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_mol%C3%A1ris_entr%C3%B3pia" title="Standard moláris entrópia - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Standard moláris entrópia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropi_molar_standar" title="Entropi molar standar - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Entropi molar standar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC" title="標準モルエントロピー - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="標準モルエントロピー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%AA%B0_%EC%97%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%BC" title="표준 몰 엔트로피 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="표준 몰 엔트로피" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropi_molar_piawai" title="Entropi molar piawai - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Entropi molar piawai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropia_molar_padr%C3%A3o" title="Entropia molar padrão - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Entropia molar padrão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardna_molarna_entropija" title="Standardna molarna entropija - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Standardna molarna entropija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mol%C3%A4r_entropi" title="Molär entropi - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Molär entropi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="திட்ட மோலார் சிதறம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திட்ட மோலார் சிதறம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Стандартна молярна ентропія - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стандартна молярна ентропія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="noprint toccolours" border="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 10px 10px; border: 1px #aaa solid; font-size: 95%; float: right;" width="170px"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center; background-color: #dddddd;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Termochimica" title="Termochimica">Termochimica</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #eeeeee;"><b>Concetti base</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">Temperatura</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Calore" title="Calore">Calore</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Reazione_chimica" title="Reazione chimica">Reazione chimica</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Processo_spontaneo" title="Processo spontaneo">Processo spontaneo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Condizioni_standard" title="Condizioni standard">Condizioni standard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #eeeeee;"><b>Grandezze in termochimica</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_di_legame" title="Entalpia di legame">Entalpia di legame</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_standard_di_formazione" title="Entalpia standard di formazione">Entalpia standard di formazione</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_standard_di_reazione" title="Entalpia standard di reazione">Entalpia standard di reazione</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Entropia molare standard</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Energia_libera_di_Gibbs_standard_di_formazione" title="Energia libera di Gibbs standard di formazione">Energia libera di Gibbs standard di formazione</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #eeeeee;"><b>Leggi in termochimica</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Hess" title="Legge di Hess">Legge di Hess</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_Kirchhoff" title="Equazione di Kirchhoff">Equazione di Kirchhoff</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #eeeeee;"><b><a href="/wiki/Calorimetria" title="Calorimetria">Calorimetria</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Calorimetro" title="Calorimetro">Calorimetro</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"> <td><a href="/wiki/Calorimetro_delle_mescolanze" title="Calorimetro delle mescolanze">Calorimetro delle mescolanze</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #dddddd; font-size:90%"><i><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Termochimica" title="Categoria:Termochimica">Categoria:Termochimica</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Termochimica" title="Termochimica">termochimica</a>, l'<b>entropia molare standard</b>, <b>S°</b>, è l'<a href="/wiki/Entropia_(termodinamica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropia (termodinamica)">entropia</a> associata a una <a href="/wiki/Mole" title="Mole">mole</a> di sostanza, in condizioni di <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">pressione</a> <a href="/wiki/Condizioni_standard" title="Condizioni standard">standard</a> (ovvero 1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Bar (unità di misura)">bar</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In questo caso per "temperatura standard" si adotta in genere il valore di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 298,15\,\mathrm {K} =25^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>298</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>25</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 298,15\,\mathrm {K} =25^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd1d64399148abc2da8dbf5a655d8d0eda0b605b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.197ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 298,15\,\mathrm {K} =25^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }"></span> (dove <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {K} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {K} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/715131ccf06a4d6af0074374757de835af3889e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {K} }"></span> è il simbolo del <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a>), i cui valori sono comunemente tabulati in letteratura specialistica con lo scopo di agevolare i calcoli evitando di ricorrere all'<a href="/wiki/Integrale" title="Integrale">integrazione</a>), ma nulla vieta di adottare un altro valore di riferimento per la temperatura. </p><p>Il <a href="/wiki/Terzo_principio_della_termodinamica" title="Terzo principio della termodinamica">terzo principio della termodinamica</a> stabilisce che <i>ogni sostanza possiede un valore positivo di entropia, la quale diviene uguale a zero alla temperatura di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0\,\mathrm {K} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0\,\mathrm {K} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4880103cc255690baaae1b27022f8ae30be99283" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.358ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0\,\mathrm {K} }"></span></i>. L'unità di misura nel <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema internazionale">SI</a> è il <i><a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a> fratto Kelvin ·<a href="/wiki/Mole" title="Mole">mole</a></i> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\mathrm {J} }{\mathrm {K} \cdot mol}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\mathrm {J} }{\mathrm {K} \cdot mol}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c7ac8d0e9e9ef154ddfd124b0b3ee3d07fbf5587" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:11.606ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\mathrm {J} }{\mathrm {K} \cdot mol}}\right)}"></span>, ma comunemente viene espressa in <i>unità entropiche</i>, dove al joule viene preferita la <a href="/wiki/Caloria" title="Caloria">caloria</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\mathrm {cal} }{\mathrm {K} \cdot mol}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\mathrm {cal} }{\mathrm {K} \cdot mol}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a361a5d462a2d0d73e4165128791e1db79094e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:11.606ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\mathrm {cal} }{\mathrm {K} \cdot mol}}\right)}"></span>. </p><p>Analizzando i valori tabulati, si possono facilmente evincere le seguenti considerazioni (in accordo con il concetto di "entropia"): </p> <ul><li>come ovvio, i valori di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S^{\circ }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S^{\circ }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/710e49d319b558807e99eecf0f79cee924dd6dfa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.576ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S^{\circ }}"></span> aumentano nell'ordine <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">solido</a> - <a href="/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido">liquido</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>;</li> <li>i valori di entropia molare standard relativi a un <a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elemento</a> sono solitamente minori rispetto a quelli relativi ai suoi <a href="/wiki/Composto_chimico" title="Composto chimico">composti</a>, valori che tendono ad aumentare all'aumentare della complessità molecolare;</li> <li>per le forme <a href="/wiki/Allotropia_(chimica)" title="Allotropia (chimica)">allotrope</a> degli elementi è possibile determinare la <a href="/wiki/Reticolo_cristallino" class="mw-redirect" title="Reticolo cristallino">struttura cristallina</a> più stabile, alla quale corrisponde il minor valore di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S^{\circ }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S^{\circ }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/710e49d319b558807e99eecf0f79cee924dd6dfa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.576ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S^{\circ }}"></span>.</li></ul> <p>Dalla applicazione della relazione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta S^{\circ }=\sum S_{prod}^{\circ }-\sum S_{reag}^{\circ }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>∑</mo> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>−</mo> <mo>∑</mo> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta S^{\circ }=\sum S_{prod}^{\circ }-\sum S_{reag}^{\circ }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/21975266c4643c1bc4bffac46759a85d4a3db467" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:27.641ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta S^{\circ }=\sum S_{prod}^{\circ }-\sum S_{reag}^{\circ }}"></span>, è possibile calcolare la variazione di <b>entropia molare standard di reazione</b> associata a una <a href="/wiki/Reazione_chimica" title="Reazione chimica">reazione chimica</a> sottraendo all'entropia totale dei prodotti l'entropia totale dei <a href="/wiki/Reagente" title="Reagente">reagenti</a>. Questo calcolo viene comunemente effettuato quando si devono determinare i parametri termodinamici che descrivono un dato <a href="/wiki/Equilibrio_chimico" title="Equilibrio chimico">equilibrio chimico</a>. </p><p>A titolo di esempio, il <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta S^{\circ }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta S^{\circ }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c68e609337707234fbe0ef644e56bdce18ff018e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.512ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta S^{\circ }}"></span> relativo alla formazione dell'<a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a> gassosa a partire dai suoi elementi si può calcolare nel modo seguente: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2(g)\ +\ {\frac {1}{2}}O2(g)\leftrightarrows H2O(g)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⇆</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2(g)\ +\ {\frac {1}{2}}O2(g)\leftrightarrows H2O(g)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e38d4e7af2bbea5bb68fb208ca5f196794c1eb81" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:29.182ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2(g)\ +\ {\frac {1}{2}}O2(g)\leftrightarrows H2O(g)}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dai valori tabulati <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S^{\circ }\mathrm {H_{2}(g)} =31,21\,u.e.\,\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>31</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>21</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S^{\circ }\mathrm {H_{2}(g)} =31,21\,u.e.\,\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79ef00f5fa92bbcab017150cc3c1b38114d67f18" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.382ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S^{\circ }\mathrm {H_{2}(g)} =31,21\,u.e.\,\,}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \,\,S^{\circ }\mathrm {O_{2}(g)} =49\,u.e.\,\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>49</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \,\,S^{\circ }\mathrm {O_{2}(g)} =49\,u.e.\,\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4efdc8d0670cf5d236e3750b97c2e13de7ecc68c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.863ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \,\,S^{\circ }\mathrm {O_{2}(g)} =49\,u.e.\,\,}"></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \,\,S^{\circ }\mathrm {H_{2}O(g)} =45,11\,u.e.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>45</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \,\,S^{\circ }\mathrm {H_{2}O(g)} =45,11\,u.e.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/055d287ae1ed02297da736ce3a9585d7e2d59c52" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.191ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \,\,S^{\circ }\mathrm {H_{2}O(g)} =45,11\,u.e.}"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta S^{\circ }=\sum S_{prod}^{\circ }-\sum S_{reag}^{\circ }=45,11-(31,12+{\frac {1}{2}}\cdot 49)=-10,6\,u.e.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>∑</mo> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>−</mo> <mo>∑</mo> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>45</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>31</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>49</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta S^{\circ }=\sum S_{prod}^{\circ }-\sum S_{reag}^{\circ }=45,11-(31,12+{\frac {1}{2}}\cdot 49)=-10,6\,u.e.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f821a346df257c1a87bb633f85d091ced1c24882" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:69.509ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta S^{\circ }=\sum S_{prod}^{\circ }-\sum S_{reag}^{\circ }=45,11-(31,12+{\frac {1}{2}}\cdot 49)=-10,6\,u.e.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>diminuzione di entropia correlata con la diminuzione di molecole gassose (da <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1,5}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1,5}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68234df58719e1cdef2533375c9aa5590534a657" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.359ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1,5}"></span> a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92d98b82a3778f043108d4e20960a9193df57cbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1}"></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropia_molare_standard&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropia_molare_standard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1982/pdf/5406x1239.pdf">http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1982/pdf/5406x1239.pdf</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropia_molare_standard&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropia_molare_standard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condizioni_standard" title="Condizioni standard">Condizioni standard</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropia_molare_standard&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropia_molare_standard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itchiavari.org/chimica/tabelle/entropie.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Entropie molari standard</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">itchiavari.org</span>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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