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title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Émile Picard</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شارل إميل بيكار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شارل إميل بيكار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="امیل پیکار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="امیل پیکار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Charles Émile Picard – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Charles Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Charles Émile Picard – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Charles Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="امیل پیکار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امیل پیکار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%B0%80_%ED%94%BC%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4" title="에밀 피카르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에밀 피카르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Էմիլ Պիկար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էմիլ Պիկար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8" title="אמיל פיקאר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמיל פיקאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ემილ პიკარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ემილ პიკარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Charles Émile Picard – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Charles Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aemilius_Picard" title="Aemilius Picard – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aemilius Picard" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em%C4%ABls_Pik%C4%81rs" title="Emīls Pikārs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Emīls Pikārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شارل اميل بيكار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شارل اميل بيكار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Charles Émile Picard – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charles Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="エミール・ピカール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エミール・ピカール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Charles Émile Picard – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Charles Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Charles-Émile Picard – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charles-Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Charles Émile Picard – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Charles Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80,_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пикар, Эмиль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пикар, Эмиль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шарл Емил Пикар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шарл Емил Пикар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Émile Picard" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Еміль Пікар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еміль Пікар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%8D%A1" title="埃米尔·皮卡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃米尔·皮卡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q286375#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French mathematician (1856–1941)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Émile Picard</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society of London">FRS(For)</a> <a href="/wiki/FRSE" class="mw-redirect" title="FRSE">FRSE</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard.jpg/220px-Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1a/Charles_%C3%89mile_Picard.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Charles Émile Picard</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1856-07-24</span>)</span>24 July 1856<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 December 1941<span style="display:none">(1941-12-11)</span> (aged 85)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École Normale Supérieure</a> (Paris)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Picard_functor" class="mw-redirect" title="Picard functor">Picard functor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard_group" title="Picard group">Picard group</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard_horn" title="Picard horn">Picard horn</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard_modular_group" title="Picard modular group">Picard modular group</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard_modular_surface" title="Picard modular surface">Picard modular surface</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard_theorem" title="Picard theorem">Picard theorem</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard_variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Picard variety">Picard variety</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard%E2%80%93Lefschetz_formula" class="mw-redirect" title="Picard–Lefschetz formula">Picard–Lefschetz formula</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard%E2%80%93Lindel%C3%B6f_theorem" title="Picard–Lindelöf theorem">Picard–Lindelöf theorem</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard%E2%80%93Vessiot_theory" title="Picard–Vessiot theory">Picard–Vessiot theory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Picard%E2%80%93Fuchs_equation" title="Picard–Fuchs equation">Picard–Fuchs equation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Painlev%C3%A9_transcendents" title="Painlevé transcendents">Painlevé transcendents</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">ForMemRS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909)</span><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Poncelet_Prize" title="Poncelet Prize">Poncelet Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1886)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Centrale_Paris" title="École Centrale Paris">École Centrale Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Applications des complexes lineaires a l'etude des surfaces et des courbes gauches </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Darboux" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaston Darboux">Gaston Darboux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Natanovich_Bernstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Natanovich Bernstein">Sergei Bernstein</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dubreil" title="Paul Dubreil">Paul Dubreil</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Hadamard" title="Jacques Hadamard">Jacques Hadamard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Julia" title="Gaston Julia">Gaston Julia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Traian_Lalescu" title="Traian Lalescu">Traian Lalescu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Le_Corbeiller" title="Philippe Le Corbeiller">Philippe Le Corbeiller</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Paul Painlevé</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mihailo_Petrovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihailo Petrović">Mihailo Petrović</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Simion_Stoilow" title="Simion Stoilow">Simion Stoilow</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Vessiot" title="Ernest Vessiot">Ernest Vessiot</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Henri_Villat" title="Henri Villat">Henri Villat</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Weil" title="André Weil">André Weil</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Zaremba_(mathematician)" title="Stanisław Zaremba (mathematician)">Stanisław Zaremba</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Émile Picard</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society of London">FRS(For)</a><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/FRSE" class="mw-redirect" title="FRSE">FRSE</a></span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʃaʁl<span class="wrap"> </span>emil<span class="wrap"> </span>pikaʁ]</a></span>; 24 July 1856 – 11 December 1941) was a French <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>. He was elected the fifteenth member to occupy seat 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie française</a> in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Picard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> on 24 July 1856 and educated there at the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Henri-IV" title="Lycée Henri-IV">Lycée Henri-IV</a>. He then studied mathematics at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École Normale Supérieure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Picard's mathematical papers, textbooks, and many popular writings exhibit an extraordinary range of interests, as well as an impressive mastery of the mathematics of his time. <a href="/wiki/Picard%27s_little_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Picard's little theorem">Picard's little theorem</a> states that every nonconstant <a href="/wiki/Entire_function" title="Entire function">entire function</a> takes every value in the <a href="/wiki/Complex_plane" title="Complex plane">complex plane</a>, with perhaps one exception. <a href="/wiki/Picard%27s_great_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Picard's great theorem">Picard's great theorem</a> states that an <a href="/wiki/Analytic_function" title="Analytic function">analytic function</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Essential_singularity" title="Essential singularity">essential singularity</a> takes every value infinitely often, with perhaps one exception, in any neighborhood of the singularity. He made important contributions in the theory of <a href="/wiki/Differential_equation" title="Differential equation">differential equations</a>, including work on <a href="/wiki/Picard%E2%80%93Vessiot_theory" title="Picard–Vessiot theory">Picard–Vessiot theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painlev%C3%A9_transcendents" title="Painlevé transcendents">Painlevé transcendents</a> and his introduction of a kind of <a href="/wiki/Symmetry_group" title="Symmetry group">symmetry group</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Linear_differential_equation" title="Linear differential equation">linear differential equation</a>. He also introduced the <a href="/wiki/Picard_group" title="Picard group">Picard group</a> in the theory of <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_surface" title="Algebraic surface">algebraic surfaces</a>, which describes the classes of <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_curve" title="Algebraic curve">algebraic curves</a> on the surface modulo linear equivalence. In connection with his work on function theory, he was one of the first mathematicians to use the emerging ideas of <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_topology" title="Algebraic topology">algebraic topology</a>. In addition to his theoretical work, Picard made contributions to <a href="/wiki/Applied_mathematics" title="Applied mathematics">applied mathematics</a>, including the theories of <a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">telegraphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)" title="Elasticity (physics)">elasticity</a>. His collected papers run to four volumes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_Couturat" title="Louis Couturat">Louis Couturat</a> studied <a href="/wiki/Integral_calculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Integral calculus">integral calculus</a> with Picard in 1891-1892, taking detailed notes of the lectures. These notes were preserved and now are available in three cahiers from <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like his contemporary, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a>, Picard was much concerned with the training of mathematics, physics, and engineering students. He wrote a classic textbook on <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_analysis" title="Mathematical analysis">analysis</a> and one of the first textbooks on the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">theory of relativity</a>. Picard's popular writings include biographies of many leading French mathematicians, including his father in law, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hermite" title="Charles Hermite">Charles Hermite</a>. </p><p>Picard was an International Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an International Member of the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an International Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Picard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1881 he married Marie, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hermite" title="Charles Hermite">Charles Hermite</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Picard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles Émile Picard was one of the founder members in 1930 of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Friends_of_Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="Society of Friends of André-Marie Ampère">Society of Friends of André-Marie Ampère</a> which was created to develop the first science museum in France, the <a href="/wiki/Amp%C3%A8re_Museum" title="Ampère Museum">Ampère Museum</a> close to <a href="/wiki/Lyons" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyons">Lyons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Picard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1891–96: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traitdanalyse07picagoog"><i>Traité d'Analyse</i></a>. Paris: Gauthier-Villars et fils. 1891. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/530823">530823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trait%C3%A9+d%27Analyse&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Gauthier-Villars+et+fils&rft.date=1891&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F530823&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftraitdanalyse07picagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1905: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lasciencemodern01picagoog"><i>La science Moderne et son état Actuel</i></a>. Paris: E. Flammarion. 1914. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43307396">43307396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+science+Moderne+et+son+%C3%A9tat+Actuel&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=E.+Flammarion&rft.date=1914&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43307396&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flasciencemodern01picagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>1906 : (with Georges Simart) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thoriedesfoncti00simagoog/page/n7">Theorie des Fonctions Algebrique de deux Variables Independente</a> volume 2, via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>1922: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lathoriedelare00picauoft"><i>La Théorie de la Relativité et ses Applications à l'astronomie</i></a>. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. 1922. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1025334">1025334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Th%C3%A9orie+de+la+Relativit%C3%A9+et+ses+Applications+%C3%A0+l%27astronomie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Gauthier-Villars&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1025334&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flathoriedelare00picauoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>1922: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoursetmlan00picauoft"><i>Discours et Mélanges</i></a>. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. 1922. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4855336">4855336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discours+et+M%C3%A9langes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Gauthier-Villars&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4855336&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoursetmlan00picauoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>1931: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Éloges et Discours Académiques</i>. Paris: s.n. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13473598">13473598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89loges+et+Discours+Acad%C3%A9miques&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=s.n.&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13473598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>1978–81: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Œuvres de Ch.-É. Picard</i>. Vol. <span class="nowrap">I–</span>IV. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4615520">4615520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%92uvres+de+Ch.-%C3%89.+Picard&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Centre+National+de+la+Recherche+Scientifique&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4615520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Picard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard_Medal" title="Émile Picard Medal">Émile Picard Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picard_modular_group" title="Picard modular group">Picard modular group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picard_modular_surface" title="Picard modular surface">Picard modular surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picard_horn" title="Picard horn">Picard horn</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Picard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadamard1942" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Hadamard" title="Jacques Hadamard">Hadamard, J.</a> (1942). "Emile Picard. 1856–1941". <i><a href="/wiki/Obituary_Notices_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society">Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>4</b> (11): <span class="nowrap">129–</span>150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1942.0012">10.1098/rsbm.1942.0012</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162244074">162244074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obituary+Notices+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Emile+Picard.+1856%E2%80%931941&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E129-%3C%2Fspan%3E150&rft.date=1942&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1942.0012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162244074%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hadamard&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Picard_Emile.html">"Émile Picard"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C3%89mile+Picard&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FPicard_Emile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf"><i>Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X"><bdi>0-902-198-84-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Index+of+Former+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh+1783%E2%80%932002&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2006-07&rft.isbn=0-902-198-84-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Ffellows%2Fbiographical_index%2Ffells_indexp2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Couturat" title="Louis Couturat">Louis Couturat</a> notes (1891,2) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ENS01_Ms0124_01/page/n1">Cours de Calcul Integral par M. Picard, cahier 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ENS01_Ms0124_02/page/n2">cahier 2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ENS01_Ms0124_03/page/n2">cahier 3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/charles-emile-picard">"Charles Emile Picard"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i>. 2023-02-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Charles+Emile+Picard&rft.date=2023-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fcharles-emile-picard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001877.html">"Emile Picard"</a>. <i>www.nasonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasonline.org&rft.atitle=Emile+Picard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F20001877.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=C.+Emile+Picard&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DC.%2BEmile%2BPicard%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Bulletin de la Société des Amis d'André-Marie Ampère". <i>Bulletin de la Société des Amis d'André-Marie Ampère</i> (in French). <b>1</b>. Malkoff (Seine): Société des Amis d'André-Marie Ampère. 1931.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Amis+d%27Andr%C3%A9-Marie+Amp%C3%A8re&rft.atitle=Bulletin+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Amis+d%27Andr%C3%A9-Marie+Amp%C3%A8re&rft.volume=1&rft.date=1931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig,_T.1893" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Craig_(mathematician)" title="Thomas Craig (mathematician)">Craig, T.</a> (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1893-03-02/S0002-9904-1893-00166-3/">"Picard's <i>Traité d'Analyse</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society" title="Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society">Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society</a></i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">39–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1893-00166-3">10.1090/s0002-9904-1893-00166-3</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Mathematical+Society&rft.atitle=Picard%27s+Trait%C3%A9+d%27Analyse&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1893-00166-3&rft.au=Craig%2C+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1893-03-02%2FS0002-9904-1893-00166-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Picard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Picard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C3%89mile_Picard" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Émile Picard">Émile Picard</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=34266">Émile Picard</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/40486">Works by Émile 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class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux">Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux</a> (1684)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Jean d'Estrées">Jean d'Estrées</a> (1711)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc-Ren%C3%A9_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson_(1652%E2%80%931721)" title="Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1652–1721)">Marc-René d'Argenson</a> (1718)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Languet_de_Gergy" title="Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy">Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy</a> (1721)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_Comte_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon">George-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon</a> (1753)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Vicq-d%27Azyr" title="Félix Vicq-d'Azyr">Félix Vicq-d'Azyr</a> (1788)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Urbain_Domergue" title="François-Urbain Domergue">François-Urbain Domergue</a> (1803)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ange-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fariau" title="Ange-François Fariau">Ange-François Fariau</a> (1810)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Parseval-Grandmaison" title="François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison">François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison</a> (1811)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narcisse-Achille_de_Salvandy" title="Narcisse-Achille de Salvandy">Narcisse-Achille de Salvandy</a> (1835)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Augier" title="Émile Augier">Émile Augier</a> (1857)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Charles de Freycinet</a> (1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Émile Picard</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Michel Debré</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Furet" title="François Furet">François Furet</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_R%C3%A9mond" title="René Rémond">René Rémond</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Dagens" title="Claude Dagens">Claude Dagens</a> (2008)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119196377">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00452766">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35880645">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2011658534&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1297315">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/572031">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810676978005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/288877">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007271482905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058520444506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00748676?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=34266">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16546950100">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:picard.emile">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/329119">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1128937">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118792067.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118792067">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/088747328">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6nk5jzn">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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