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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duke_of_Lorraine_and_of_Bar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Duke of Lorraine and of Bar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duke_of_Lorraine_and_of_Bar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Play_and_opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Play_and_opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Play and opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Play_and_opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stanisław Leszczyński</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislas_Leszczynski" title="Stanislas Leszczynski – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stanislas Leszczynski" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="ستانيسلاف ليزينسكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستانيسلاف ليزينسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estanislau_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Estanislau Leszczyński – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estanislau Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Le%C5%9F%C5%9Finski" title="Stanislav Leşşinski – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Stanislav Leşşinski" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Станіслаў Ляшчынскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Станіслаў Ляшчынскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Станіслаў Ляшчынскі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Станіслаў Ляшчынскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Станислав Лешчински – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Станислав Лешчински" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estanislau_I_de_Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Estanislau I de Polònia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estanislau I de Polònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_I._Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanislav I. Leszczyński – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stanislav I. Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaw_Leszczynski" title="Stanislaw Leszczynski – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stanislaw Leszczynski" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaus_I._Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanislaus I. Leszczyński – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stanislaus I. Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%86_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Στανίσουαφ Λεστσίνσκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στανίσουαφ Λεστσίνσκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estanislao_I_Leszczynski" title="Estanislao I Leszczynski – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estanislao I Leszczynski" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislao_la_1-a" title="Stanislao la 1-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stanislao la 1-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="استانیسلاو لیزینسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استانیسلاو لیزینسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislas_Leszczynski" title="Stanislas Leszczynski – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stanislas Leszczynski" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%94%84_%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%88%EC%B9%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="스타니스와프 레슈친스키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스타니스와프 레슈친스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislao_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanislao Leszczyński – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stanislao Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="סטניסלאב לשצ'ינסקי, מלך פולין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטניסלאב לשצ'ינסקי, מלך פולין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="სტანისლავ ლეშჩინსკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტანისლავ ლეშჩინსკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaus_I_(rex_Poloniae)" title="Stanislaus I (rex Poloniae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stanislaus I (rex Poloniae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C5%86islavs_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Di%C5%86skis" title="Staņislavs Leščiņskis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Staņislavs Leščiņskis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_I._Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław I. Leszczyński – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stanisław I. Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislovas_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinskis" title="Stanislovas Leščinskis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stanislovas Leščinskis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Szaniszl%C3%B3_lengyel_kir%C3%A1ly" title="I. Szaniszló lengyel király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Szaniszló lengyel király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8" title="पोलंडचा पहिला स्तानिस्लॉस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलंडचा पहिला स्तानिस्लॉस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="ستانيسلاف ليزينسكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ستانيسلاف ليزينسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaus_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanislaus Leszczyński – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stanislaus Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%81%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD" title="スタニスワフ・レシチニスキ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スタニスワフ・レシチニスキ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław I Leszczyński – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stanisław I Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estanislau_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski_da_Pol%C3%B4nia" title="Estanislau I Leszczyński da Polônia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estanislau I Leszczyński da Polônia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Станислав Лещинский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Станислав Лещинский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_I._(Po%C4%BEsko)" title="Stanislav I. (Poľsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stanislav I. (Poľsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinski" title="Stanislav Leščinski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stanislav Leščinski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Станислав Лешћински – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Станислав Лешћински" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław I Leszczyński – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stanisław I Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Stanisław Leszczyński" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Станіслав Лещинський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Станіслав Лещинський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczycki" title="Stanisław Leszczycki">Stanisław Leszczycki</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Stanisław I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanislaw_I_Leszczynski_of_Poland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Stanislaw_I_Leszczynski_of_Poland.jpg/220px-Stanislaw_I_Leszczynski_of_Poland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Stanislaw_I_Leszczynski_of_Poland.jpg/330px-Stanislaw_I_Leszczynski_of_Poland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Stanislaw_I_Leszczynski_of_Poland.jpg/440px-Stanislaw_I_Leszczynski_of_Poland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1621" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1706</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Poland">King of Poland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Lithuania">Grand Duke of Lithuania</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1st reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">12 July 1704 – 8 July 1709</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Poland" title="Coronations in Poland">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 October 1705</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Augustus II the Strong">Augustus II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Augustus II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2nd reign</th><td class="infobox-data">12 September 1733 – <span class="nowrap">26 January 1736</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Augustus II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus III">Augustus III</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Lorraine">Duke of Lorraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Bar</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">9 July 1737 – 23 February 1766</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_III_Stephen" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis III Stephen">Francis III Stephen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Escheat" title="Escheat">Escheated</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1677-10-20</span>)</span>20 October 1677<br /><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów">Lwów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 February 1766<span style="display:none">(1766-02-23)</span> (aged 88)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Lunéville">Lunéville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Duchy of Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Wawel_Cathedral" title="Wawel Cathedral">Wawel Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Opali%C5%84ska" title="Catherine Opalińska">Catherine Opalińska</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Leszczy%C5%84ska_(1699%E2%80%931717)" title="Anna Leszczyńska (1699–1717)">Anna Leszczyńska</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Marie, Queen of France</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Stanisław Bogusław Leszczyński</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Leszczy%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Leszczyński">Leszczyński</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Leszczy%C5%84ski_(1650%E2%80%931703)" title="Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703)">Rafał Leszczyński</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Leszczy%C5%84ska_(1660%E2%80%931727)" title="Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727)">Anna Jabłonowska</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autograph_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stanisław I's signature"><img alt="Stanisław I's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Autograph_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski.PNG/125px-Autograph_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski.PNG" decoding="async" width="125" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Autograph_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski.PNG/188px-Autograph_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Autograph_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski.PNG/250px-Autograph_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1372" data-file-height="385" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stanisław I Leszczyński</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Polish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[staˈɲiswaf<span class="wrap"> </span>lɛʂˈt͡ʂɨj̃skʲi]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: <i lang="lt">Stanislovas Leščinskis</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lithuanian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">[staˈɲɪsɫɔvas<span class="wrap"> </span>lɛʃˈtʃɪŋskʲɪs]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Stanislas Leczinski</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[stanislas<span class="wrap"> </span>lɛɡzɛ̃ski]</a></span> 20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766), also <a href="/wiki/Anglicization" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicization">Anglicized</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latinisation_of_names" title="Latinisation of names">Latinized</a> as <b>Stanislaus I</b>, was twice <a href="/wiki/King_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Poland">King of Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Lithuania">Grand Duke of Lithuania</a>, and at various times <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="Palatine Zweibrücken">Prince of Deux-Ponts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Bar">Duke of Bar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Lorraine">Duke of Lorraine</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a>, multiple candidates had emerged after the death of <a href="/wiki/John_III_Sobieski" title="John III Sobieski">John III Sobieski</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_elections_in_Poland" title="Royal elections in Poland">elective kingship</a> of Poland (which also included the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as part of the <a href="/wiki/Poland-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>). Backed by powerful neighbors in <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sejm_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Sejm</a> elected <a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Augustus II the Strong">Augustus the Strong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elector_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Elector of Saxony">Elector of Saxony</a> to succeed John III in 1697 as August II. Russia's primary antagonist in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Sweden</a> had supported Stanisław Leszczyński for the throne, and after defeating a combined army of Saxon and Polish-Lithuanian forces, deposed August II and installed Leszczyński as Stanisław I in 1704. </p><p>In 1709, <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII of Sweden</a>, Stanisław's main supporter, suffered a defeat by the Russians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poltava" title="Battle of Poltava">Battle of Poltava</a>, and was subsequently driven into exile in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. As a result, Augustus II returned to the throne, and while Charles served his exile in the Ottoman Empire, Stanisław accepted the rule of the tiny state of <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="Palatine Zweibrücken">Palatine Zweibrücken</a>, a small state of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> which was in personal union with Sweden and located near the region of <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>. After Charles's death in 1719, he moved to nearby <a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Wissembourg</a> in Alsace. In 1725, his daughter <a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Marie Leszczyńska</a> married <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a> of France.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The death of Augustus II sparked the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> in 1733. As had happened on the death of <a href="/wiki/John_III_Sobieski" title="John III Sobieski">John III Sobieski</a>, foreign intrigue and influence plagued the <a href="/wiki/1733_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_royal_election" title="1733 Polish–Lithuanian royal election">Sejm election</a>. Despite the presence of Russian troops in the country, the Sejm, with support of the French, elected Stanisław to succeed Augustus II, while the Russians encouraged a group of break-away nobles to hold their own election, selecting instead <a href="/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland" title="Augustus III of Poland">Frederick Augustus II of Saxony</a>, son of Augustus II, to the kingship. War broke out almost immediately, evolving into a proxy war between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> dynasties and their supporters, with the Bourbon faction led by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700-1808)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1700-1808)">Spain</a>, with their allies <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720-1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720-1861)">Sardinia</a> and Sweden, while the Habsburg faction was led by Austria and their allies Russia, <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxony</a>. After two years of fighting across the entire continent, a ceasefire was declared in 1735. Stanislaus officially abdicated in January 1736, and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vienna_(1738)" title="Treaty of Vienna (1738)">Peace of Vienna</a> was promulgated in 1738, whereby Augustus III was officially recognized as King of Poland, and Stanisław was compensated for losing the throne a second time with the duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Bar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, both of which were nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire at the time. </p><p>While Duke of Lorraine, Stanisław lived out his remaining years at a country estate in <a href="/wiki/Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Lunéville">Lunéville</a>, and actively ruled Lorraine and Bar, sponsoring numerous public works projects. Nearby, <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>, the historic capital of Lorraine, has a <i><a href="/wiki/Place_Stanislas" title="Place Stanislas">Place Stanislas</a></i> (Stanisław Square) named in his honour, much of which was developed during his reign. He also took up <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a>, engaging in discourse with other <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> figures such as <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_Rousseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Rousseau">Jean Jacques Rousseau</a>, and wrote philosophical treatises in his native Polish, making him a figure within the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Enlightenment" title="Polish Enlightenment">Polish Enlightenment</a>. When he died in 1766, his titles passed to his son-in-law, Louis XV. His retaking of the Polish throne in 1733 formed the backdrop for <i><a href="/wiki/Un_giorno_di_regno" title="Un giorno di regno">Un giorno di regno</a></i>, an opera by composer <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a> and librettist <a href="/wiki/Felice_Romani" title="Felice Romani">Felice Romani</a>, which premiered in 1840. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in Lwów (now <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>) in 1677, he was the son of <a href="/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Leszczy%C5%84ski_(1650%E2%80%931703)" title="Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703)">Rafał Leszczyński</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">voivode</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship_(14th_century_to_1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poznań Voivodeship (14th century to 1793)">Poznań Voivodeship</a>, and Princess <a href="/wiki/Anna_Leszczy%C5%84ska_(1660%E2%80%931727)" title="Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727)">Anna Katarzyna Jabłonowska</a>. He married <a href="/wiki/Katarzyna_Opali%C5%84ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Katarzyna Opalińska">Katarzyna Opalińska</a>, by whom he had a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczynska" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Leszczynska">Maria</a>, who became Queen of France as wife of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>. In 1697, as <a href="/wiki/Podczaszy" class="mw-redirect" title="Podczaszy">Cup-bearer of Poland</a>, he signed the confirmation of the articles of <a href="/wiki/1697_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_royal_election" title="1697 Polish–Lithuanian royal election">election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Augustus II the Strong">Augustus II the Strong</a>. In 1703 he joined the Lithuanian Confederation, which the <a href="/wiki/Sapieha" title="Sapieha">Sapiehas</a> with the aid of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> had formed against Augustus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="King_for_the_first_time">King for the first time</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: King for the first time"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Civil_war_in_Poland_(1704%E2%80%9306)" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil war in Poland (1704–06)">Civil war in Poland (1704–06)</a></div> <p>The following year, Stanisław was selected by <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII of Sweden</a> after a successful <a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Poland_(1701%E2%80%931706)" title="Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706)">Swedish invasion of Poland</a>, to supersede Augustus II, who was hostile towards the Swedes. Leszczyński was a young man of blameless antecedents, respectable talents, and came from an ancient family, but certainly without sufficient force of character or political influence to sustain himself on so unstable a throne. </p><p>Nevertheless, with the assistance of a bribing fund and an army corps, the Swedes succeeded in procuring his <a href="/wiki/1704_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_royal_election" title="1704 Polish–Lithuanian royal election">election</a> by a scratch assembly of half a dozen <a href="/wiki/Castellany" class="mw-redirect" title="Castellany">castellans</a> and a few score of noblemen on 12 July 1704. A few months later, Stanisław was forced by a sudden inroad of Augustus II to seek refuge in the Swedish camp, but finally on 24 September 1705, he was crowned king with great splendor. Charles himself supplied his nominee with a new crown and scepter <i><a href="/wiki/In_lieu" class="mw-redirect" title="In lieu">in lieu</a></i> of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Polish_regalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish regalia">Polish regalia</a>, which had been carried off to <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxony</a> by Augustus. During this time the king of Sweden sent <a href="/wiki/Peter_Estenberg" title="Peter Estenberg">Peter Estenberg</a> to King Stanislaw to act as an ambassador and correspondence secretary. The Polish king's first act was to cement <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Warsaw_(1705)" title="Treaty of Warsaw (1705)">an alliance with Charles XII</a> whereby the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> engaged to assist Sweden against the Russian tsar. Stanisław did what he could to assist his patron. Thus, he induced <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mazepa" title="Ivan Mazepa">Ivan Mazepa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cossack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cossack">Cossack</a> <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">hetman</a>, to desert <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> at the most critical period of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> between Russia and Sweden, and Stanisław placed a small army corps at the disposal of the Swedes and was beaten in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koniecpol" title="Battle of Koniecpol">Battle of Koniecpol</a>. However, Stanisław depended so entirely on the success of Charles' arms that after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poltava" title="Battle of Poltava">Battle of Poltava</a> (1709), his authority vanished as a dream at the first touch of reality. Stanisław then resided in the town of <a href="/wiki/Rydzyna" title="Rydzyna">Rydzyna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_loss_of_throne">First loss of throne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First loss of throne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vast majority of Poles hastened to repudiate Stanisław and make their peace with Augustus. Henceforth a mere pensioner of Charles XII, Stanisław accompanied <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Detlof_von_Krassow" title="Ernst Detlof von Krassow">Krassow</a>'s army corps in its retreat to <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Pomerania" title="Swedish Pomerania">Swedish Pomerania</a>. On <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Thorn_(1709)" title="Treaty of Thorn (1709)">the restoration of Augustus</a>, Stanisław abdicated the Polish Crown (though he retained the royal title) in exchange for the little <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="Palatine Zweibrücken">Palatine Zweibrücken</a>. In 1716, an assassination was attempted by a Saxon officer, Lacroix, but Stanisław was saved by <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Poniatowski_(1676-1762)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanisław Poniatowski (1676-1762)">Stanisław Poniatowski</a> (father of the future king <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">Stanisław II August</a>). Forced to leave Deux-Ponts in 1719 after the death of Charles XII <a href="/wiki/Prince#Prince_exercising_head_of_state's_authority" title="Prince">in whose name he was Count Palatine</a>, Stanisław Leszczyński then resided at <a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Wissembourg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>. In 1725, he had the satisfaction of seeing his daughter <a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Maria</a> become queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a> of France. From 1725 to 1733, Stanisław lived at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chambord" title="Château de Chambord">Château de Chambord</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="King_for_a_second_time">King for a second time</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: King for a second time"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tableau_dit_de_Pange.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tableau_dit_de_Pange.JPG/220px-Tableau_dit_de_Pange.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tableau_dit_de_Pange.JPG/330px-Tableau_dit_de_Pange.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tableau_dit_de_Pange.JPG/440px-Tableau_dit_de_Pange.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1528" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption>Painting of the <i>Place Royale</i> in Nancy c. 1760 which was constructed during his rule, later renamed <a href="/wiki/Place_Stanislas" title="Place Stanislas">Place Stanislas</a> in his honour</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%AAte_%C3%A0_Lun%C3%A9ville_en_1742_par_Laurent_Charpentier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/F%C3%AAte_%C3%A0_Lun%C3%A9ville_en_1742_par_Laurent_Charpentier.jpg/220px-F%C3%AAte_%C3%A0_Lun%C3%A9ville_en_1742_par_Laurent_Charpentier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/F%C3%AAte_%C3%A0_Lun%C3%A9ville_en_1742_par_Laurent_Charpentier.jpg/330px-F%C3%AAte_%C3%A0_Lun%C3%A9ville_en_1742_par_Laurent_Charpentier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/F%C3%AAte_%C3%A0_Lun%C3%A9ville_en_1742_par_Laurent_Charpentier.jpg/440px-F%C3%AAte_%C3%A0_Lun%C3%A9ville_en_1742_par_Laurent_Charpentier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Festival at the <i>Rocher</i> grotto of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Château de Lunéville">Château de Lunéville</a> in 1742, painting by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Charpentier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurent Charpentier (page does not exist)">Laurent Charpentier</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Vincent_-_La_Galaizi%C3%A8re_est_cr%C3%A9%C3%A9_chancelier_par_Stanislas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Vincent_-_La_Galaizi%C3%A8re_est_cr%C3%A9%C3%A9_chancelier_par_Stanislas.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Vincent_-_La_Galaizi%C3%A8re_est_cr%C3%A9%C3%A9_chancelier_par_Stanislas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Vincent_-_La_Galaizi%C3%A8re_est_cr%C3%A9%C3%A9_chancelier_par_Stanislas.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Vincent_-_La_Galaizi%C3%A8re_est_cr%C3%A9%C3%A9_chancelier_par_Stanislas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Vincent_-_La_Galaizi%C3%A8re_est_cr%C3%A9%C3%A9_chancelier_par_Stanislas.jpg/440px-Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Vincent_-_La_Galaizi%C3%A8re_est_cr%C3%A9%C3%A9_chancelier_par_Stanislas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Martin_Chaumont_de_La_Galaizi%C3%A8re" title="Antoine-Martin Chaumont de La Galaizière">Antoine-Martin Chaumont de La Galaizière</a> created Chancellor of Lorraine and Barrois by Stanislas I (painting by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Vincent" title="François-André Vincent">François-André Vincent</a>, 1788</figcaption></figure> <p>Stanislaw's son-in-law Louis XV supported his claims to the Polish throne after the death of Augustus II the Strong in 1733, which led to the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a>. On 11 September 1733, Stanisław himself arrived at <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, having traveled night and day through central Europe disguised as a coachman. On the following day, despite many protests, Stanisław was duly <a href="/wiki/1733_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_royal_election" title="1733 Polish–Lithuanian royal election">elected King of Poland</a> for the second time. However, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a> was opposed to any nominee of France and Sweden. Russia protested against his election at once, in favor of the new Elector of Saxony, son of the late king, as being the candidate of her Austrian ally. </p><p>On 30 June 1734, a Russian army of 20,000 under <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lacy" title="Peter Lacy">Peter Lacy</a>, after proclaiming <a href="/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland" title="Augustus III of Poland">Frederick Augustus II of Saxony</a> as king in Warsaw, proceeded to besiege Stanisław at <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1734)" title="Siege of Danzig (1734)">Danzig</a>, where he was entrenched with his partisans (including the Primate and the French and Swedish ministers) to await the relief that had been promised by France. </p><p>The siege began in October 1734. On 17 March 1735, Marshal <a href="/wiki/Burkhard_Christoph_von_M%C3%BCnnich" title="Burkhard Christoph von Münnich">Burkhard Christoph von Münnich</a> superseded <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lacy" title="Peter Lacy">Peter Lacy</a>, and on 20 May 1735 the long-expected French fleet appeared and disembarked 2,400 men on <a href="/wiki/Westerplatte" title="Westerplatte">Westerplatte</a>. A week later, this little army gallantly attempted to force the Russian entrenchments, but was finally compelled to surrender. This was the first time that France and Russia had met as foes in the field. On 30 June 1735, Danzig capitulated unconditionally, after sustaining a siege of 135 days which cost the Russians 8,000 men. </p><p>Disguised as a peasant, Stanisław had contrived to escape two days before. He reappeared at <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> (where he briefly met the future King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a> of Prussia), whence he issued a <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">manifesto</a> to his partisans which resulted in the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a> on his behalf, and the despatch of a Polish <a href="/wiki/Envoy_(title)" title="Envoy (title)">envoy</a> to Paris to urge France to invade Saxony with at least 40,000 men. In Ukraine too, Count Nicholas Potocki kept on foot to support Stanisław a motley host of 50,000 men, which was ultimately scattered by the Russians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duke_of_Lorraine_and_of_Bar">Duke of Lorraine and of Bar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Duke of Lorraine and of Bar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 26 January 1736, Stanisław again abdicated the throne but received in compensation the duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Lorraine</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Bar</a>, which was to revert to France on his death. In 1738, he sold his estates of <a href="/wiki/Rydzyna" title="Rydzyna">Rydzyna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leszno" title="Leszno">Leszno</a> to Count (later Prince) <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Joseph_Su%C5%82kowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Joseph Sułkowski">Alexander Joseph Sułkowski</a>. He settled at <a href="/wiki/Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Lunéville">Lunéville</a> where he held court at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Château de Lunéville">Château de Lunéville</a>, which became a centre of the arts and culture, drawing a number of personalities of the enlightenment including Madame <a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet">Émilie du Châtelet</a>. In Nancy in 1750 he founded both the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_Stanislas" title="Académie de Stanislas">Académie de Stanislas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_municipale_de_Nancy" title="Bibliothèque municipale de Nancy">Bibliothèque municipale de Nancy</a>, and devoted himself for the rest of his life to science and philanthropy, engaging most notably in controversy with <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also published <i><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82os_wolny_wolno%C5%9B%C4%87_ubezpieczaj%C4%85cy" title="Głos wolny wolność ubezpieczający">Głos wolny wolność ubezpieczający</a></i>, one of the most important political treatises of the Polish Enlightenment. </p><p>His court painter was <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Joly" title="André Joly">André Joly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F54_Nancy_tombeau_Stanislas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/F54_Nancy_tombeau_Stanislas.JPG/170px-F54_Nancy_tombeau_Stanislas.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/F54_Nancy_tombeau_Stanislas.JPG/255px-F54_Nancy_tombeau_Stanislas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/F54_Nancy_tombeau_Stanislas.JPG/340px-F54_Nancy_tombeau_Stanislas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of the king in Bonsecours Church, Nancy</figcaption></figure> <p>Stanisław was still alive when his great-great-granddaughter, <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresia_of_Austria_(1762%E2%80%931770)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria (1762–1770)">Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria</a>, was born in 1762. In his last years, his close friend, the Hungarian-born Marshal of France <a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Ignace_de_Bercheny" title="Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny">Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny</a> lived on his estate to provide company. </p><p>Leszczyński died aged 88 in 1766 as a result of serious burns – his silk attire had caught fire from a spark while the King was asleep near the fireplace in his <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Château de Lunéville">palace in</a> <a href="/wiki/Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Lunéville">Lunéville</a> on 5 February. He was medically treated for several days but died of wounds on 23 February. He was the longest living Polish king.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally buried in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours,_Nancy" title="Church of Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours, Nancy">Church of Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours, Nancy</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> his remains were brought back to <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and buried in the royal tomb of the <a href="/wiki/Wawel_Cathedral" title="Wawel Cathedral">Wawel Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Children">Children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Leszczy%C5%84ska_(1699%E2%80%931717)" title="Anna Leszczyńska (1699–1717)">Anna</a> (25 May 1699 – 20 June 1717) died unmarried and childless.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Maria</a> (23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768) married <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV of France</a> and had issue.</li></ol> <p>His wife also suffered many miscarriages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Stanisław Leszczyński<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Leszczy%C5%84ski_(1579%E2%80%931636)" title="Rafał Leszczyński (1579–1636)">Rafał Leszczyński</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Bogus%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Bogusław Leszczyński">Bogusław Leszczyński</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. Anna Radzimińska</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Leszczy%C5%84ski_(1650%E2%80%931703)" title="Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703)">Rafał Leszczyński</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Kaspar_von_D%C3%B6nhoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaspar von Dönhoff">Kaspar von Dönhoff</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. Anna von Dönhoff</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Anna Aleksandra Koniecpolska</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Stanislaus I of Poland</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. Jan Jabłonowski</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Jan_Jab%C5%82onowski" title="Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski">Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. Anna Ostroróga</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Anna_Leszczy%C5%84ska_(1660%E2%80%931727)" title="Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727)">Anna Jabłonowska</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Dominik_Kazanowski" title="Aleksander Dominik Kazanowski">Aleksander Dominik Kazanowski</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Marianna_Kazanowska" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianna Kazanowska">Marianna Kazanowska</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. Anna Potocka</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Play_and_opera">Play and opera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Play and opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Loosely based on an incident of King Stanisław's life are the <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a> <i>Le faux Stanislas</i> written by the Frenchman Alexandre Vincent Pineu-Duval in 1808, transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Un_giorno_di_regno" title="Un giorno di regno">Un giorno di regno</a>, ossia Il finto Stanislao</i> (<i>A One-Day Reign, or The Pretend Stanislaus</i>, but often translated into English as <i>King for a Day</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>, to an Italian <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> written in 1818 by <a href="/wiki/Felice_Romani" title="Felice Romani">Felice Romani</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rydzyna5_Apr05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle in Rydzyna was rebuilt in 1700 by Pompeo Ferrari on his order."><img alt="Castle in Rydzyna was rebuilt in 1700 by Pompeo Ferrari on his order." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Rydzyna5_Apr05.jpg/120px-Rydzyna5_Apr05.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Rydzyna5_Apr05.jpg/180px-Rydzyna5_Apr05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Rydzyna5_Apr05.jpg/240px-Rydzyna5_Apr05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Castle in <a href="/wiki/Rydzyna" title="Rydzyna">Rydzyna</a> was rebuilt in 1700 by Pompeo Ferrari on his order.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Château de Chambord, where he lived between 1725 and 1733."><img alt="Château de Chambord, where he lived between 1725 and 1733." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/120px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/180px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/240px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="1686" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chambord" title="Château de Chambord">Château de Chambord</a>, where he lived between 1725 and 1733.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglise_Saint_Jacques_Lun%C3%A9ville.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Église Saint-Jacques in Lunéville was established by him in 1745."><img alt="Église Saint-Jacques in Lunéville was established by him in 1745." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Eglise_Saint_Jacques_Lun%C3%A9ville.jpg/86px-Eglise_Saint_Jacques_Lun%C3%A9ville.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Eglise_Saint_Jacques_Lun%C3%A9ville.jpg/128px-Eglise_Saint_Jacques_Lun%C3%A9ville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Eglise_Saint_Jacques_Lun%C3%A9ville.jpg/171px-Eglise_Saint_Jacques_Lun%C3%A9ville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="1047" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Église Saint-Jacques in <a href="/wiki/Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Lunéville">Lunéville</a> was established by him in 1745.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2012-05-14_-_Statue_of_Stanislas_Leszczy%C5%84ski_on_Place_Stanislas_in_Nancy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue at Place Stanislas in Nancy, unveiled in 1831"><img alt="Statue at Place Stanislas in Nancy, unveiled in 1831" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2012-05-14_-_Statue_of_Stanislas_Leszczy%C5%84ski_on_Place_Stanislas_in_Nancy.jpg/87px-2012-05-14_-_Statue_of_Stanislas_Leszczy%C5%84ski_on_Place_Stanislas_in_Nancy.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2012-05-14_-_Statue_of_Stanislas_Leszczy%C5%84ski_on_Place_Stanislas_in_Nancy.jpg/131px-2012-05-14_-_Statue_of_Stanislas_Leszczy%C5%84ski_on_Place_Stanislas_in_Nancy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2012-05-14_-_Statue_of_Stanislas_Leszczy%C5%84ski_on_Place_Stanislas_in_Nancy.jpg/174px-2012-05-14_-_Statue_of_Stanislas_Leszczy%C5%84ski_on_Place_Stanislas_in_Nancy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="3902" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue at Place Stanislas in Nancy, unveiled in 1831</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait by Jean-Baptiste van Loo, 1727–1728"><img alt="Portrait by Jean-Baptiste van Loo, 1727–1728" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Portrait_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski.jpg/88px-Portrait_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Portrait_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski.jpg/132px-Portrait_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Portrait_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski.jpg/176px-Portrait_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_I_Leszczy%C5%84ski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1383" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_van_Loo" title="Jean-Baptiste van Loo">Jean-Baptiste van Loo</a>, 1727–1728</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanislaw_Leszczynski.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud"><img alt="Portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Stanislaw_Leszczynski.jpg/84px-Stanislaw_Leszczynski.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Stanislaw_Leszczynski.jpg/126px-Stanislaw_Leszczynski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Stanislaw_Leszczynski.jpg/169px-Stanislaw_Leszczynski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe_Rigaud" title="Hyacinthe Rigaud">Hyacinthe Rigaud</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski_par_Girardet.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait from c. 1750"><img alt="Portrait from c. 1750" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski_par_Girardet.PNG/87px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski_par_Girardet.PNG" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski_par_Girardet.PNG/131px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski_par_Girardet.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski_par_Girardet.PNG/174px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski_par_Girardet.PNG 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1750</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski,_K%C3%B6nig_von_Polen_(Pesne).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King Stanisław I by Antoine Pesne"><img alt="King Stanisław I by Antoine Pesne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski%2C_K%C3%B6nig_von_Polen_%28Pesne%29.jpg/89px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski%2C_K%C3%B6nig_von_Polen_%28Pesne%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski%2C_K%C3%B6nig_von_Polen_%28Pesne%29.jpg/133px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski%2C_K%C3%B6nig_von_Polen_%28Pesne%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski%2C_K%C3%B6nig_von_Polen_%28Pesne%29.jpg/177px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski%2C_K%C3%B6nig_von_Polen_%28Pesne%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">King Stanisław I by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pesne" title="Antoine Pesne">Antoine Pesne</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Stanislovas_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinskis,_painted_in_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Personal coat of arms"><img alt="Personal coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Stanislovas_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinskis%2C_painted_in_1875.jpg/107px-Coat_of_arms_of_Stanislovas_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinskis%2C_painted_in_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Stanislovas_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinskis%2C_painted_in_1875.jpg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Stanislovas_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinskis%2C_painted_in_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Stanislovas_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinskis%2C_painted_in_1875.jpg/214px-Coat_of_arms_of_Stanislovas_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinskis%2C_painted_in_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Personal coat of arms</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Zieliński, Ryszard (1978). <i>Polka na francuskim tronie.</i> Czytelnik.</li> <li>Květina, Jan (2014). <i>The Polish Question as a Political Issue within Philosophical Dispute: Leszczyński versus Rousseau</i>. Oriens Aliter. Journal for Culture and History of the Central and Eastern Europe. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.academia.edu/23935174/The_Polish_Question_as_a_Political_Issue_within_Philosophical_Dispute_Leszczy%C5%84ski_versus_Rousseau">https://www.academia.edu/23935174/The_Polish_Question_as_a_Political_Issue_within_Philosophical_Dispute_Leszczy%C5%84ski_versus_Rousseau</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1569%E2%80%931795)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Poland (1569–1795)">History of Poland (1569–1795)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_philosophy_in_Poland#Renaissance" title="History of philosophy in Poland">History of philosophy in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Poles#Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Poles">List of Poles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stanislaw-I">"Stanisław I - king of Poland"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Stanis%C5%82aw+I+-+king+of+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FStanislaw-I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanis%C5%82aw+Leszczy%C5%84ski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKvětina2014" class="citation journal cs1">Květina, Jan (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/23935174">"The Polish Question as a Political Issue within Philosophical Dispute: Leszczyński versus Rousseau"</a>. <i>Oriens Aliter. Journal for Culture and History of the Central and Eastern Europe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2019</span> – via www.academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oriens+Aliter.+Journal+for+Culture+and+History+of+the+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.atitle=The+Polish+Question+as+a+Political+Issue+within+Philosophical+Dispute%3A+Leszczy%C5%84ski+versus+Rousseau&rft.date=2014-01&rft.aulast=Kv%C4%9Btina&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F23935174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanis%C5%82aw+Leszczy%C5%84ski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5397359r/f746.item"><i>Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs de tous les temps et de tous les pays. Tome 2 / Par un groupe d'écrivains spécialistes français et étrangers ; sous la direction de e. Bénézit</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+critique+et+documentaire+des+peintres%2C+sculpteurs%2C+dessinateurs+et+graveurs+de+tous+les+temps+et+de+tous+les+pays.+Tome+2+%2F+Par+un+groupe+d%27%C3%A9crivains+sp%C3%A9cialistes+fran%C3%A7ais+et+%C3%A9trangers+%3B+sous+la+direction+de+e.+B%C3%A9n%C3%A9zit.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbd6t5397359r%2Ff746.item&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanis%C5%82aw+Leszczy%C5%84ski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.szkolnictwo.pl/szukaj,Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski">"Stanisław Leszczyński - Szkolnictwo.pl"</a>. <i>www.szkolnictwo.pl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.szkolnictwo.pl&rft.atitle=Stanis%C5%82aw+Leszczy%C5%84ski+-+Szkolnictwo.pl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.szkolnictwo.pl%2Fszukaj%2CStanis%25C5%2582aw_Leszczy%25C5%2584ski&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanis%C5%82aw+Leszczy%C5%84ski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŻychliński1882" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Żychliński, Teodor (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zihbCxb9xpQC&pg=PT1"><i>Złota księga szlachty polskiéj: Rocznik IVty</i></a> (in Polish). Jarosław Leitgeber. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Z%C5%82ota+ksi%C4%99ga+szlachty+polski%C3%A9j%3A+Rocznik+IVty&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Jaros%C5%82aw+Leitgeber&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=%C5%BBychli%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Teodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzihbCxb9xpQC%26pg%3DPT1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanis%C5%82aw+Leszczy%C5%84ski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet_Bain" title="Robert Nisbet Bain">Bain, Robert Nisbet</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Stanislaus_I." class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Stanislaus I.">Stanislaus I.</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 775–776.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stanislaus+I.&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=775-776&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=Robert+Nisbet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanis%C5%82aw+Leszczy%C5%84ski" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Stanisław Leszczyński </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Leszczyński">House of Leszczyński</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 20 October 1677</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 23 February 1766</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Augustus II the Strong">Augustus II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">King of Poland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Lithuania">Grand Duke of Lithuania</a> </b><br />1704–1709 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Augustus II the Strong">Augustus II</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">King of Poland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Lithuania">Grand Duke of Lithuania</a> </b><br />1733–1736 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland" title="Augustus III of Poland">Augustus III</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis III Stephen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Lorraine">Duke of Lorraine</a> </b><br />1737–1766 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Annexation by France </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Poland" title="Template:Monarchs of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">Monarchs of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs#Legendary_rulers" title="List of Polish monarchs">Legendary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lech,_Czech,_and_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Lech, Czech, and Rus'">Lech I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krakus" title="Krakus">Krakus I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krakus_II" title="Krakus II">Krakus II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lech_II" title="Lech II">Lech II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Princess_Wanda" title="Princess Wanda">Wanda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leszko_I" title="Leszko I">Leszko I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leszko_II" title="Leszko II">Leszko II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leszko_III" title="Leszko III">Leszko III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popiel_I" title="Popiel I">Popiel I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popiel" title="Popiel">Popiel II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cho%C5%9Bcisko" title="Chościsko">Chościsko</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piast_the_Wheelwright" title="Piast the Wheelwright">Piast the Wheelwright</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs#Semi-legendary_dukes_of_the_Polans_in_Greater_Poland" title="List of Polish monarchs">Proto-historic</a> (before 966)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siemowit" title="Siemowit">Siemowit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestek" title="Lestek">Lestek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemomys%C5%82" title="Siemomysł">Siemomysł</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">Piast dynasty</a> (966–1138)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mieszko_I" title="Mieszko I">Mieszko I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I_the_Brave" title="Bolesław I the Brave">Bolesław I the Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezprym" title="Bezprym">Bezprym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieszko_II_Lambert" title="Mieszko II Lambert">Mieszko II Lambert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_the_Forgotten" title="Bolesław the Forgotten">Bolesław the Forgotten</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_I_the_Restorer" title="Casimir I the Restorer">Casimir I the Restorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_II_the_Bold" title="Bolesław II the Bold">Bolesław II the Bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_I_Herman" title="Władysław I Herman">Władysław I Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_of_Poland" title="Zbigniew of Poland">Zbigniew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Wrymouth" title="Bolesław III Wrymouth">Bolesław III Wrymouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Piast_dynasty#Fragmentation_of_the_realm_(1138–1320)" title="History of Poland during the Piast dynasty">Fragmentation<br />period</a> (1138–1320)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Seniorate_Province" title="Seniorate Province">Senior or Supreme Princes</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_II_the_Exile" title="Władysław II the Exile">Władysław II the Exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_IV_the_Curly" title="Bolesław IV the Curly">Bolesław IV the Curly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieszko_III_of_Poland" title="Mieszko III of Poland">Mieszko III the Old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_II_the_Just" title="Casimir II the Just">Casimir II the Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_the_White" title="Leszek the White">Leszek the White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_Spindleshanks" title="Władysław III Spindleshanks">Władysław III Spindleshanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Odonic" title="Władysław Odonic">Władysław Odonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieszko_IV_Tanglefoot" title="Mieszko IV Tanglefoot">Mieszko IV Tanglefoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_I_of_Masovia" title="Konrad I of Masovia">Konrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Bearded" title="Henry the Bearded">Henry the Bearded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_the_Pious" title="Henry II the Pious">Henry II the Pious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_II_the_Horned" title="Bolesław II the Horned">Bolesław the Horned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_V_the_Chaste" title="Bolesław V the Chaste">Bolesław V the Chaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_II_the_Black" title="Leszek II the Black">Leszek II the Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_IV_Probus" class="mw-redirect" title="Henryk IV Probus">Henryk IV Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przemys%C5%82_II" title="Przemysł II">Przemysł II</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Silesia" title="Duke of Silesia">Dukes of Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Greater_Poland#Dukes_of_Greater_Poland" title="Duchy of Greater Poland">Dukes of Greater Poland</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ta_sandomierscy" class="extiw" title="pl:Książęta sandomierscy">Dukes of Little Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Masovia" title="Duke of Masovia">Dukes of Masovia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adcy_Kujaw" class="extiw" title="pl:Władcy Kujaw">Dukes of Kuyavia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ta_%C5%82%C4%99czyccy" class="extiw" title="pl:Książęta łęczyccy">Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pomeranian_duchies_and_dukes#Duchy_of_Pomerelia" title="List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes">Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pomeranian_duchies_and_dukes#Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes">Dukes of Pomerania</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid dynasty</a> (1296–1306)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus III</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restored <a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">Piast dynasty</a> (1320–1370)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_I_%C5%81okietek" title="Władysław I Łokietek">Władysław I Łokietek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_III_the_Great" title="Casimir III the Great">Casimir III the Great</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Capet-Anjou dynasty</a> (1370-1399)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I the Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadwiga_of_Poland" title="Jadwiga of Poland">Jadwiga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellonian dynasty</a> (1386–1572)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_II_Jagie%C5%82%C5%82o" title="Władysław II Jagiełło">Władysław II Jagiełło</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland" title="Władysław III of Poland">Władysław III of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_IV_Jagiellon" title="Casimir IV Jagiellon">Casimir IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_Albert" title="John I Albert">John I Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jagiellon" title="Alexander Jagiellon">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_I_the_Old" title="Sigismund I the Old">Sigismund I the Old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_Augustus" title="Sigismund II Augustus">Sigismund II Augustus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Royal_elections_in_Poland" title="Royal elections in Poland">Elective monarchy</a> (1572–1795)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Jagiellon" title="Anna Jagiellon">Anna Jagiellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa" title="Władysław IV Vasa">Władysław IV Vasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa" title="John II Casimir Vasa">John II Casimir Vasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Korybut_Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki">Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_Sobieski" title="John III Sobieski">John III Sobieski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Augustus II the Strong">Augustus II the Strong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stanisław I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland" title="Augustus III of Poland">Augustus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">Stanisław August Poniatowski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">Duchy of Warsaw</a> (1807–1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus I of Saxony">Frederick Augustus I</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanov_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanov dynasty">Romanov dynasty</a> (1815–1917)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia">Alexander IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.2em; line-height:1.3em;"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicates monarch of questioned historicity</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Lithuania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Lithuania" title="Template:Monarchs of Lithuania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Lithuania" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Lithuania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Lithuania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Lithuania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Lithuania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchs of Lithuania</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Lithuanian_dukes" title="List of early Lithuanian dukes">List of early Lithuanian dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_monarchs" title="List of Lithuanian monarchs">List of Lithuanian monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Kingdom of Lithuania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="House_of_Mindaugas_(1236–1263)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_monarchs#List_of_monarchs_of_Lithuania" title="List of Lithuanian monarchs">House of Mindaugas</a> (1236–1263)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_monarchs#List_of_monarchs_of_Lithuania" title="List of Lithuanian monarchs">House of Mindaugas</a> (1263–1267)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treniota" title="Treniota">Treniota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%A1vilkas" title="Vaišvilkas">Vaišvilkas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monomakhovichi" title="Monomakhovichi">House of Monomakh</a> (1267–1269)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shvarn" title="Shvarn">Shvarn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_monarchs#List_of_monarchs_of_Lithuania" title="List of Lithuanian monarchs">House of Mindaugas</a> (1269–1285)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traidenis" title="Traidenis">Traidenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daumantas_of_Lithuania" title="Daumantas of Lithuania">Daumantas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gediminids" title="Gediminids">House of Gediminids</a> (1285–1440)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butigeidis" title="Butigeidis">Butigeidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butvydas" title="Butvydas">Butvydas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytenis" title="Vytenis">Vytenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gediminas" title="Gediminas">Gediminas</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gediminas" title="Family of Gediminas">family</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaunutis" title="Jaunutis">Jaunutis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas" title="Algirdas">Algirdas</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Family_of_Algirdas" class="mw-redirect" title="Family of Algirdas">family</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_II_Jagie%C5%82%C5%82o" title="Władysław II Jagiełło">Jogaila</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Family_of_Jogaila" title="Family of Jogaila">family</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%99stutis" title="Kęstutis">Kęstutis</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Family_of_K%C4%99stutis" title="Family of Kęstutis">family</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirgaila" title="Skirgaila">Skirgaila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytautas" title="Vytautas">Vytautas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vitrigaila" title="Švitrigaila">Švitrigaila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_K%C4%99stutaitis" title="Sigismund Kęstutaitis">Sigismund Kęstutaitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Jagiellon" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Jagiellon">House of Jagiellon</a> (1440–1569)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_IV_Jagiellon" title="Casimir IV Jagiellon">Casimir Jagellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jagiellon" title="Alexander Jagiellon">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_I_the_Old" title="Sigismund I the Old">Sigismund I the Old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_Augustus" title="Sigismund II Augustus">Sigismund II Augustus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Elected_(1569–1795)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Royal_elections_in_Poland" title="Royal elections in Poland">Elected</a> (1569–1795)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Jagiellon" title="Anna Jagiellon">Anna the Jagiellonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa" title="Władysław IV Vasa">Ladislaus IV Vasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa" title="John II Casimir Vasa">John II Casimir Vasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Korybut_Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki">Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_Sobieski" title="John III Sobieski">John III Sobieski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Augustus II the Strong">Augustus II the Strong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stanisław Leszczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland" title="Augustus III of Poland">August III the Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">Stanisław August Poniatowski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Kingdom of Lithuania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="House_of_Urach_(1918)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Urach" title="House of Urach">House of Urach</a> (1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Karl,_Duke_of_Urach" title="Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach">Mindaugas II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Titular_ruler" title="Titular ruler">Titular rulers</a> are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Age_of_Enlightenment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Template:Age of Enlightenment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Template talk:Age of Enlightenment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Age of Enlightenment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Age_of_Enlightenment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheism_during_the_Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Atheism during the Age of Enlightenment">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">Critical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9distes" title="Encyclopédistes">Encyclopédistes</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism" title="Enlightened absolutism">Enlightened absolutism</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8res" title="Lumières">Lumières</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_doubt" title="Cartesian doubt">Methodological skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_Enlightenment" title="Midlands Enlightenment">Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">Natural philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivity_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivity (philosophy)">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationality" title="Rationality">Rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reductionism" title="Reductionism">Reductionism</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Sapere_aude" title="Sapere aude">Sapere aude</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Science in the Age of Enlightenment">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_Enlightenment" title="Spanish American Enlightenment">Spanish America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universality_(philosophy)" title="Universality (philosophy)">Universality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopianism">Utopianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Thinkers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Thinkers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Addison" title="Joseph Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_3rd_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury">Ashley-Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Collins_(philosopher)" title="Anthony Collins (philosopher)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Gibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harrington_(author)" title="James Harrington (author)">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Price" title="Richard Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Sidney" title="Algernon Sidney">Sidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tindal" title="Matthew Tindal">Tindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">d'Alembert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Louis_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson" class="mw-redirect" title="René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson">d'Argenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Bayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chamfort" title="Nicolas Chamfort">Chamfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet">Châtelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac">Condillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle" title="Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle">Fontenelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" title="Baron d'Holbach">d'Holbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt">Jaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie" title="Julien Offray de La Mettrie">La Mettrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_Comte_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon">Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bonnot_de_Mably" title="Gabriel Bonnot de Mably">Mably</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Meslier" title="Jean Meslier">Meslier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Gabriel_Morelly" title="Étienne-Gabriel Morelly">Morelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">Quesnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Thomas_Fran%C3%A7ois_Raynal" title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal">Raynal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Turgot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geneva</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firmin_Abauzit" title="Firmin Abauzit">Abauzit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bonnet" title="Charles Bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Burlamaqui" title="Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui">Burlamaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pr%C3%A9vost_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Prévost (physicist)">Prévost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" title="Horace Bénédict de Saussure">Saussure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Christoph_Lichtenberg" title="Georg Christoph Lichtenberg">Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Mendelssohn" title="Moses Mendelssohn">Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Thomasius" title="Christian Thomasius">Thomasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Weishaupt" title="Adam Weishaupt">Weishaupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Martin_Wieland" title="Christoph Martin Wieland">Wieland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosopher)" title="Christian Wolff (philosopher)">Wolff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Modern Greek Enlightenment">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Farmakidis" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis">Farmakidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis" title="Theophilos Kairis">Kairis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Korais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Toland" title="John Toland">Toland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Enlightenment" title="Italian Enlightenment">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Galiani" title="Ferdinando Galiani">Galiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Galvani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Genovesi" title="Antonio Genovesi">Genovesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Mario_Pagano" title="Francesco Mario Pagano">Pagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Verri" title="Pietro Verri">Verri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Bekker" title="Balthasar Bekker">Bekker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_la_Court" title="Pieter de la Court">de la Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Koerbagh" title="Adriaan Koerbagh">Koerbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek" title="Antonie van Leeuwenhoek">Leeuwenhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mandeville" title="Bernard Mandeville">Mandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_Meyer" title="Lodewijk Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Nieuwentyt" title="Bernard Nieuwentyt">Nieuwentyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Swammerdam" title="Jan Swammerdam">Swammerdam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment in Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Kołłątaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Konarski" title="Stanisław Konarski">Konarski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" title="Ignacy Krasicki">Krasicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Ursyn_Niemcewicz" title="Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz">Niemcewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%99drzej_%C5%9Aniadecki" title="Jędrzej Śniadecki">Śniadecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Staszic" title="Stanisław Staszic">Staszic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Wybicki" title="Józef Wybicki">Wybicki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Carvalho e Melo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Budai-Deleanu" title="Ion Budai-Deleanu">Budai-Deleanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Maior" title="Petru Maior">Maior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuil_Micu-Klein" title="Samuil Micu-Klein">Micu-Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_%C8%98incai" title="Gheorghe Șincai">Șincai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Enlightenment" title="Russian Enlightenment">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Fonvizin" title="Denis Fonvizin">Fonvizin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_Kantemir" title="Antiochus Kantemir">Kantemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kheraskov" title="Mikhail Kheraskov">Kheraskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Lomonosov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Novikov" title="Nikolay Novikov">Novikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Radishchev" title="Alexander Radishchev">Radishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Vorontsova-Dashkova" title="Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova">Vorontsova-Dashkova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87" title="Dositej Obradović">Obradović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avram_Mrazovi%C4%87" title="Avram Mrazović">Mrazović</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cadalso" title="José Cadalso">Cadalso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Jer%C3%B3nimo_Feij%C3%B3o_y_Montenegro" title="Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro">Feijóo y Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leandro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Morat%C3%ADn" title="Leandro Fernández de Moratín">Moratín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Melchor_de_Jovellanos" title="Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos">Jovellanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Torres_Villarroel" title="Diego de Torres Villarroel">Villarroel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Beattie_(poet)" title="James Beattie (poet)">Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Blair" title="Hugh Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Boswell" title="James Boswell">Boswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnett,_Lord_Monboddo" title="James Burnett, Lord Monboddo">Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen" title="William Cullen">Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Ferguson" title="Adam Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher)" title="Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)">Hutcheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mill" title="James Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Playfair" title="John Playfair">Playfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reid" title="Thomas Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Stewart" title="Dugald Stewart">Stewart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason" title="George Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a> →</b></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Category:Age of Enlightenment">Category</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54022#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54022#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121029660">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/22586">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/65181/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcC3DBbxVXD9CPHF9YkjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118752715">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80159803">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120169415">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120169415">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2003201791&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p197614264">Netherlands</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069455511">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=129633">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dghxpl30twb8c">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810537918405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/42938">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280519205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14729451">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06863032?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500338661">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/434360">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/233814f1-b06a-44a1-a50f-839330507515">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118752715.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118752715">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027333825">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65z64cw">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/68733">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/41012427">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanisław_Leszczyński&oldid=1256966487">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanisław_Leszczyński&oldid=1256966487</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1677_births" title="Category:1677 births">1677 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