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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Internet politics</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">4,877 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Internet politics</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Internet_politics">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67268404" data-work_id="67268404" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67268404/Resisting_the_Far_Right_in_Racial_Capitalism_Sources_Possibilities_and_Limits">'Resisting' the Far Right in Racial Capitalism: Sources, Possibilities and Limits</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To contribute to studies of contemporary anti-fascism, the goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the governmental, corporate and activist institutions and tactics that aim to resist the far-right mobilization and recruitment... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67268404" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To contribute to studies of contemporary anti-fascism, the goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the governmental, corporate and activist institutions and tactics that aim to resist the far-right mobilization and recruitment processes. Focusing on the United States, this chapter highlights efforts by actors within the political sphere (e.g. the American State’s repressive and judicial apparatuses), the economic sphere (e.g. the corporate news, entertainment and high-tech industries) and civic sphere (e.g. Left anti-fascist activism) to resist the far right. While efforts by State and corporate actors to take on and take down white supremacist individuals and hate groups are positive and needed, it is important to consider the political possibilities and limits of these challenges to the far right.Racial capitalism and a largely white ruling class persists in the United States, and so the institutional sources and practices of far-right resistance must be critically examined with regard to that social context (Burden-Stelly 2020; Issar 2020; Rahman 2020; Roediger 2017, 2019; Taylor 2016; Virdee 2019). To this end, the first section contextualizes American racial capitalism, the role of the State and political parties in propping up this system and the enduring power of a mostly white and male American ruling class. Following this, the second and third sections identify some U.S. State and corporate sources of opposition to the white supremacist far right, and assess the politics of these within a country whose ‘mainstream’ political and economic institutions have long been enmeshed with the system of racial capitalism and white supremacy. For a potentially emancipatory source of resistance to the far right and to the system of racial capitalism that emboldens it, the third section looks to broad-based left anti-fascist activism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67268404" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9a31b8627efbe0a45bffcbf644bf559" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78147983,"asset_id":67268404,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78147983/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5096679" href="https://uoit.academia.edu/TannerMirrlees">Tanner Mirrlees</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5096679" type="text/json">{"id":5096679,"first_name":"Tanner","last_name":"Mirrlees","domain_name":"uoit","page_name":"TannerMirrlees","display_name":"Tanner Mirrlees","profile_url":"https://uoit.academia.edu/TannerMirrlees?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5096679/2228911/102872531/s65_tanner.mirrlees.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67268404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67268404"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67268404, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67268404", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67268404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67268404; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67268404"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67268404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67268404"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67268404; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67268404]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67268404").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67268404").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67268404"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements">Social Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208" type="text/json">{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5782" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Fascism">Neo-Fascism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5782" type="text/json">{"id":5782,"name":"Neo-Fascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Fascism?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics">Cultural Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6749" type="text/json">{"id":6749,"name":"Cultural Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Internet politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20694" type="text/json">{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67268404]'), work: {"id":67268404,"title":"'Resisting' the Far Right in Racial Capitalism: Sources, Possibilities and Limits","created_at":"2022-01-05T10:57:10.803-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67268404/Resisting_the_Far_Right_in_Racial_Capitalism_Sources_Possibilities_and_Limits?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_67268404","summary":"To contribute to studies of contemporary anti-fascism, the goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the governmental, corporate and activist institutions and tactics that aim to resist the far-right mobilization and recruitment processes. Focusing on the United States, this chapter highlights efforts by actors within the political sphere (e.g. the American State’s repressive and judicial apparatuses), the economic sphere (e.g. the corporate news, entertainment and high-tech industries) and civic sphere (e.g. Left anti-fascist activism) to resist the far right. While efforts by State and corporate actors to take on and take down white supremacist individuals and hate groups are positive and needed, it is important to consider the political possibilities and limits of these challenges to the far right.Racial capitalism and a largely white ruling class persists in the United States, and so the institutional sources and practices of far-right resistance must be critically examined with regard to that social context (Burden-Stelly 2020; Issar 2020; Rahman 2020; Roediger 2017, 2019; Taylor 2016; Virdee 2019). To this end, the first section contextualizes American racial capitalism, the role of the State and political parties in propping up this system and the enduring power of a mostly white and male American ruling class. Following this, the second and third sections identify some U.S. State and corporate sources of opposition to the white supremacist far right, and assess the politics of these within a country whose ‘mainstream’ political and economic institutions have long been enmeshed with the system of racial capitalism and white supremacy. For a potentially emancipatory source of resistance to the far right and to the system of racial capitalism that emboldens it, the third section looks to broad-based left anti-fascist activism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78147983,"asset_id":67268404,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5096679,"first_name":"Tanner","last_name":"Mirrlees","domain_name":"uoit","page_name":"TannerMirrlees","display_name":"Tanner Mirrlees","profile_url":"https://uoit.academia.edu/TannerMirrlees?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5096679/2228911/102872531/s65_tanner.mirrlees.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":5782,"name":"Neo-Fascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Fascism?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":6749,"name":"Cultural Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":43151,"name":"Anti-Fascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Fascism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":44789,"name":"Media and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":51905,"name":"Right-Wing Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Right-Wing_Movements?f_ri=20694"},{"id":70145,"name":"Digital Activism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Activism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":89524,"name":"Right-Wing Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Right-Wing_Extremism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":190202,"name":"Social Media and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_and_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":199924,"name":"Extreme and Far Right","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extreme_and_Far_Right?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1033812,"name":"Social Media and Political Activism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_and_Political_Activism?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35806183" data-work_id="35806183" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35806183/Cyber_Activism_in_China_Empowerment_Control_and_Beyond">Cyber Activism in China: Empowerment, Control, and Beyond</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Building on existing studies, this chapter examines cyberpolitics in the world’s largest authoritarian regime, China, and attempts to evaluate the impact of the Internet and social media on the authoritarian rule. Through analysis of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35806183" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Building on existing studies, this chapter examines cyberpolitics in the world’s largest authoritarian regime, China, and attempts to evaluate the impact of the Internet and social media on the authoritarian rule. Through analysis of cyberactivism and state adaptation in relation to each other, I argue that though the digital technology has empowered Chinese citizens in multiple ways, their general political inactiveness and the pluralization of cyberactivism, exacerbated by state censorship, have prevented regime transition from becoming the shared awareness. Moreover, the Chinese state has adapted far beyond censorship and propaganda. Its attempt to accommodate cyberactivism is also crucial to explain the authoritarian regime’s resilience.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35806183" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="be7de644e1863ed67feeac457c3bc98b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64917777,"asset_id":35806183,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64917777/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="832915" href="https://uga.academia.edu/RongbinHan">Rongbin Han</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="832915" type="text/json">{"id":832915,"first_name":"Rongbin","last_name":"Han","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"RongbinHan","display_name":"Rongbin Han","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/RongbinHan?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/832915/18933982/18883731/s65_rongbin.han.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35806183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35806183"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35806183, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35806183", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35806183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35806183; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35806183"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35806183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35806183"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35806183; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35806183]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35806183").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35806183").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35806183"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="966" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Censorship">Censorship</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="966" type="text/json">{"id":966,"name":"Censorship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Censorship?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies">Internet Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1759" type="text/json">{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2869" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media">Digital Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2869" type="text/json">{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35806183]'), work: {"id":35806183,"title":"Cyber Activism in China: Empowerment, Control, and Beyond","created_at":"2018-01-31T08:30:31.439-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35806183/Cyber_Activism_in_China_Empowerment_Control_and_Beyond?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_35806183","summary":"Building on existing studies, this chapter examines cyberpolitics in the world’s largest authoritarian regime, China, and attempts to evaluate the impact of the Internet and social media on the authoritarian rule. Through analysis of cyberactivism and state adaptation in relation to each other, I argue that though the digital technology has empowered Chinese citizens in multiple ways, their general political inactiveness and the pluralization of cyberactivism, exacerbated by state censorship, have prevented regime transition from becoming the shared awareness. Moreover, the Chinese state has adapted far beyond censorship and propaganda. Its attempt to accommodate cyberactivism is also crucial to explain the authoritarian regime’s resilience.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64917777,"asset_id":35806183,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":832915,"first_name":"Rongbin","last_name":"Han","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"RongbinHan","display_name":"Rongbin Han","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/RongbinHan?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/832915/18933982/18883731/s65_rongbin.han.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":966,"name":"Censorship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Censorship?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":24550,"name":"Contemporary China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_China?f_ri=20694"},{"id":34598,"name":"Authoritarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Authoritarianism?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30684618" data-work_id="30684618" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30684618/Repensar_la_multitud_Pr%C3%A1cticas_de_despolitizaci%C3%B3n_en_el_capitalismo_digital_2016_">Repensar la multitud. Prácticas de despolitización en el capitalismo digital (2016).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, I explore the concept of multitude according to the writings of Toni Negri, Michael Hardt and Paolo Virno and in opposition to the concept of mass, developed by the French thinker Gustave Le Bon. Multitude appears as a kind... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30684618" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, I explore the concept of multitude according to the writings of Toni Negri, Michael Hardt and Paolo Virno and in opposition to the concept of mass, developed by the French thinker Gustave Le Bon.<br />Multitude appears as a kind of political subject, which is based on plurality, difference and cooperation. In addition, I claim that, though multitude effectively contributed to modify the current politics in<br />many countries, it has been more significant in the field of economics. The multitude has become a productive agent in the context of the cognitive capitalism (and what we have called the capitalism of the commons) that is more convenient for the economical goals than the mass. In this space we can see the emergence of a depoliticised face of the multitude.<br /><br />Un mayor desarrollo de esta cuestión puede ser leído aquí:<br /><br /><a href="https://www.academia.edu/22660452/Senderos_nuevos_del_capital_trabajo_consumo_y_producci%C3%B3n_de_subjetividad_2016_" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/22660452/Senderos_nuevos_del_capital_trabajo_consumo_y_producci%C3%B3n_de_subjetividad_2016_</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30684618" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bad804158900da98999a89d827dd85ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51125393,"asset_id":30684618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51125393/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="465967" href="https://uoc.academia.edu/EdgarStraehle">Edgar Straehle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="465967" type="text/json">{"id":465967,"first_name":"Edgar","last_name":"Straehle","domain_name":"uoc","page_name":"EdgarStraehle","display_name":"Edgar Straehle","profile_url":"https://uoc.academia.edu/EdgarStraehle?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/465967/154584/8057792/s65_edgar.straehle.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30684618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30684618"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30684618, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30684618", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30684618]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30684618").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30684618").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30684618"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wikis">Wikis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="985" type="text/json">{"id":985,"name":"Wikis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wikis?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies">Internet Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1759" type="text/json">{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2891" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commons">Commons</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2891" type="text/json">{"id":2891,"name":"Commons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commons?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13872" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook">Facebook</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13872" type="text/json">{"id":13872,"name":"Facebook","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30684618]'), work: {"id":30684618,"title":"Repensar la multitud. Prácticas de despolitización en el capitalismo digital (2016).","created_at":"2016-12-30T13:46:43.679-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30684618/Repensar_la_multitud_Pr%C3%A1cticas_de_despolitizaci%C3%B3n_en_el_capitalismo_digital_2016_?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_30684618","summary":"In this paper, I explore the concept of multitude according to the writings of Toni Negri, Michael Hardt and Paolo Virno and in opposition to the concept of mass, developed by the French thinker Gustave Le Bon.\nMultitude appears as a kind of political subject, which is based on plurality, difference and cooperation. In addition, I claim that, though multitude effectively contributed to modify the current politics in\nmany countries, it has been more significant in the field of economics. The multitude has become a productive agent in the context of the cognitive capitalism (and what we have called the capitalism of the commons) that is more convenient for the economical goals than the mass. In this space we can see the emergence of a depoliticised face of the multitude.\n\nUn mayor desarrollo de esta cuestión puede ser leído aquí:\n\nhttps://www.academia.edu/22660452/Senderos_nuevos_del_capital_trabajo_consumo_y_producci%C3%B3n_de_subjetividad_2016_","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51125393,"asset_id":30684618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":465967,"first_name":"Edgar","last_name":"Straehle","domain_name":"uoc","page_name":"EdgarStraehle","display_name":"Edgar Straehle","profile_url":"https://uoc.academia.edu/EdgarStraehle?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/465967/154584/8057792/s65_edgar.straehle.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":985,"name":"Wikis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wikis?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":2891,"name":"Commons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commons?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":13872,"name":"Facebook","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":15322,"name":"Antonio Negri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonio_Negri?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":21556,"name":"Crowdsourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crowdsourcing?f_ri=20694"},{"id":35049,"name":"Wikipedia Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wikipedia_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":42270,"name":"Prosumer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosumer?f_ri=20694"},{"id":42350,"name":"Youtube","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youtube?f_ri=20694"},{"id":58119,"name":"Facebook Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62551,"name":"Internet and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":63741,"name":"Multitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multitude?f_ri=20694"},{"id":76258,"name":"Gustave Le Bon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gustave_Le_Bon?f_ri=20694"},{"id":122623,"name":"Wikipedia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wikipedia?f_ri=20694"},{"id":130179,"name":"Depoliticization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depoliticization?f_ri=20694"},{"id":134357,"name":"Prosumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosumption?f_ri=20694"},{"id":146600,"name":"Indignados","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indignados?f_ri=20694"},{"id":183063,"name":"Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonio_Negri_and_Michael_Hardt?f_ri=20694"},{"id":186693,"name":"Clicktivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clicktivism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":203009,"name":"Negri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negri?f_ri=20694"},{"id":249041,"name":"Slacktivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slacktivism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":316918,"name":"Yochai Benkler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yochai_Benkler?f_ri=20694"},{"id":450997,"name":"Socio-Political Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-Political_Networks?f_ri=20694"},{"id":454314,"name":"Spanish Indignados (Occupy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Indignados_Occupy_?f_ri=20694"},{"id":677438,"name":"Jeremy Rifkin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jeremy_Rifkin?f_ri=20694"},{"id":925213,"name":"Alvin Toffler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alvin_Toffler?f_ri=20694"},{"id":2516378,"name":"Digital Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Capitalism?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7897441 coauthored" data-work_id="7897441" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7897441/Between_Broadcasting_Political_Messages_and_Interacting_with_Voters_The_Use_of_Twitter_during_the_2010_UK_General_Election_Campaign">Between Broadcasting Political Messages and Interacting with Voters: The Use of Twitter during the 2010 UK General Election Campaign</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Politicians across Western democracies are increasingly adopting and experimenting with Twitter, particularly during election time. The purpose of this article is to investigate how candidates are using it during an election campaign. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7897441" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Politicians across Western democracies are increasingly adopting and experimenting with Twitter, particularly during election time. The purpose of this article is to investigate how candidates are using it during an election campaign. The aim is to create a typology of the various ways in which candidates behaved on Twitter. Our research, which included a content analysis of tweets (n = 26,282) from all twittering Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat candidates (n = 416) during the 2010 UK General Election campaign, focused on four aspects of tweets: type, interaction, function and topic. By examining candidates' twittering behaviour, the authors show that British politicians mainly used Twitter as a unidirectional form of communication. However, there were a group of candidates who used it to interact with voters by, for example, mobilizing, helping and consulting them, thus tapping into the potential Twitter offers for facilitating a closer relationship with citizens.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7897441" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fad7e5e3e7b16ee7af8b427670a0612c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34382081,"asset_id":7897441,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34382081/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-7897441">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-7897441"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarinHazelhoff">Karin Hazelhoff</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://rug.academia.edu/MarcelBroersma">Marcel Broersma</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-7897441'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-7897441').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7897441 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7897441"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7897441; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7897441]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7897441").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7897441").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7897441"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">171</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="584" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Campaigning">Campaigning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="584" type="text/json">{"id":584,"name":"Campaigning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Campaigning?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media">New Media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="933" type="text/json">{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7897441]'), work: {"id":7897441,"title":"Between Broadcasting Political Messages and Interacting with Voters: The Use of Twitter during the 2010 UK General Election Campaign","created_at":"2014-08-06T10:41:53.462-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7897441/Between_Broadcasting_Political_Messages_and_Interacting_with_Voters_The_Use_of_Twitter_during_the_2010_UK_General_Election_Campaign?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_7897441","summary":"Politicians across Western democracies are increasingly adopting and experimenting with Twitter, particularly during election time. The purpose of this article is to investigate how candidates are using it during an election campaign. The aim is to create a typology of the various ways in which candidates behaved on Twitter. Our research, which included a content analysis of tweets (n = 26,282) from all twittering Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat candidates (n = 416) during the 2010 UK General Election campaign, focused on four aspects of tweets: type, interaction, function and topic. By examining candidates' twittering behaviour, the authors show that British politicians mainly used Twitter as a unidirectional form of communication. However, there were a group of candidates who used it to interact with voters by, for example, mobilizing, helping and consulting them, thus tapping into the potential Twitter offers for facilitating a closer relationship with citizens.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34382081,"asset_id":7897441,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"},{"id":32097257,"first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Hazelhoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarinHazelhoff","display_name":"Karin Hazelhoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarinHazelhoff?f_ri=20694","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":7752720,"first_name":"Marcel","last_name":"Broersma","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"MarcelBroersma","display_name":"Marcel Broersma","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/MarcelBroersma?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7752720/2764345/3222181/s65_marcel.broersma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":584,"name":"Campaigning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Campaigning?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":1164,"name":"Democracy and Cyber-Democracy Theory and 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public sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_internet_and_the_public_sphere?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1948104,"name":"Online Political Engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Political_Engagement?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36547730" data-work_id="36547730" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36547730/CYBERSPACE_REGULATION_THE_NEED_OF_THE_HOUR">CYBERSPACE REGULATION: THE NEED OF THE HOUR</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is observed that the biggest problem or complication that the cyber world is facing at present is not of its being a universal domain but being a domain which is still highly unregulated. For a domain which is clearly three decades... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36547730" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is observed that the biggest problem or complication that the cyber world is facing at present is not of its being a universal domain but being a domain which is still highly unregulated. For a domain which is clearly three decades old, the existing regulations are clearly not sufficient. Cyber space is replete with conflicts, and threatened by a variety of threats caused by different players like unethical hackers/crackers, terrorists and non-state actors, and also by the use of covert cyber capabilities by nation states. However, the global cyber community is more focussed on enhancing and upgrading the technology in use, rather than taking coherent measures to stabilise and secure the domain, in spite of awareness about the growing threat perceptions. This is evident from the fact that new advances and further upgradation in technology are taking place daily and, as a result, new threats are emerging, while safety and security related developments are put on the back burner, and are not so often in the news. Hence, there is an urgent need to rectify this scenario and a pragmatic solution has to be found to regulate cyber space to the extent possible.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36547730" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61792511145d44f7f71b0d1accc64679" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56472159,"asset_id":36547730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56472159/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3365740" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EDilipraj">Dr. E. 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Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberspace_Governance?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3981922 coauthored" data-work_id="3981922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3981922/Do_Clique_%C3%A0_Urna_Internet_Redes_Sociais_e_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_no_Brasil">Do Clique à Urna: Internet, Redes Sociais e Eleições no Brasil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3981922" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="317617" href="https://ufpr.academia.edu/marquesjamil">Francisco Paulo Jamil Marques</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="317617" type="text/json">{"id":317617,"first_name":"Francisco Paulo Jamil","last_name":"Marques","domain_name":"ufpr","page_name":"marquesjamil","display_name":"Francisco Paulo Jamil Marques","profile_url":"https://ufpr.academia.edu/marquesjamil?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/317617/94602/38765987/s65_francisco_paulo_jamil.marques.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3981922">+6</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3981922"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ufba.academia.edu/CamiloAggio">Camilo Aggio</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ufba.academia.edu/NinaSantos">Nina F Santos</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uff.academia.edu/ArianeHolzbach">Ariane Holzbach</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SergioSoaresBraga">Sergio Braga</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/OthonJambeiro">Othon Jambeiro</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ufba.academia.edu/DilvanAzevedo">Dilvan Azevedo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3981922'), placement: 'bottom', 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class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3981922"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="497" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Informatics">Community Informatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="497" type="text/json">{"id":497,"name":"Community Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Informatics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3981922]'), work: {"id":3981922,"title":"Do Clique à Urna: Internet, Redes Sociais e Eleições no 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href="https://www.academia.edu/33631741/Eudaimonia_Guvern%C4%83rii_%C8%99i_Guvernan%C8%9Bei_Internetului">Eudaimonia Guvernării și Guvernanței Internetului</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">O scurtă analiză despre guvernarea și guvernanța internetului, prin filtrul eudaimoniei lui Aristotel.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33631741" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee5febac397dea1c5a4f22b6efe67975" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance">Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5167" type="text/json">{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16416" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_Society">Internet & Society</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16416" type="text/json">{"id":16416,"name":"Internet \u0026 Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_Society?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33631741]'), work: {"id":33631741,"title":"Eudaimonia Guvernării și 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Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=20694"},{"id":55966,"name":"Good Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Governance?f_ri=20694"},{"id":61968,"name":"IT Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IT_Governance?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7404550" data-work_id="7404550" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7404550/In_search_of_online_deliberation_Towards_a_new_method_for_examining_the_quality_of_online_discussions">In search of online deliberation: Towards a new method for examining the quality of online discussions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many advocates of deliberative democracy see in the Internet a new opportunity for the development of public spaces, public spheres, and places where deliberation can take place. An important element of the notion of the public sphere in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7404550" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many advocates of deliberative democracy see in the Internet a new opportunity for the development of public spaces, public spheres, and places where deliberation can take place. An important element of the notion of the public sphere in general and of deliberation specifically, is the quality of the debate. In the past decade, many studies have been conducted to evaluate online discussions in light of the ideal notion of the public sphere. However, a wide gap exists between theoretical approaches and the actual operationalization of such theories for empirical research. In an attempt to bridge this gap we develop a method for examining the extent to which Internet forums meet the normative requirements of rational-critical debate, reciprocity, and reflexivity. The methodological approach consists of a textual analysis of the contributions made to an online forum. The coding scheme presented in this article is based on a case study (UK Online) and guided by the theoretical notions of deliberative democracy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7404550" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ca662f99fed2f8f6b8b8f19d3c940ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33992877,"asset_id":7404550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33992877/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7404550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7404550"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7404550, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7404550", }); 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12752321/What_s_Wife_Swap_have_to_do_with_it_Talking_politics_online">What’s Wife Swap have to do with it? Talking politics online</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Talking politics online is not exclusively reserved for those spaces dedicated to politics, particularly the everyday political talk crucial to the public sphere. However, past net-based public sphere research has focused mostly on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12752321" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Talking politics online is not exclusively reserved for those spaces dedicated to politics, particularly the everyday political talk crucial to the public sphere. However, past net-based public sphere research has focused mostly on political spaces thereby neglecting an array of other genres. The aim of this article is to move beyond politically oriented communicative spaces by investigating political talk within the British reality TV discussion forum Wife Swap. The purpose is to see whether a forum dedicated to reality TV provides the communicative space, content, and style for politics that extends the public sphere. The central question is whether it fulfils the requirements of rationality and ‘decent’ deliberation. Moreover, the analysis moved beyond a formal notion by investigating how expressives influence the more traditional elements of deliberation. The findings revealed that Wife Swap participants engaged in political talk that was often deliberative. Moreover, it was a space where the use of expressives played a key role in enhancing such talk.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12752321" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07e78c1afc042bf2b16a057416cf18ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37883426,"asset_id":12752321,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37883426/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12752321 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12752321"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12752321, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12752321", }); 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js-work-card work_1147059" data-work_id="1147059" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1147059/Onda_verde_a_campanha_online_e_offline_de_Marina_Silva_em_2010">Onda verde: a campanha online e offline de Marina Silva em 2010</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1147059" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f58bb36fa1603a65821d9edfc31c3981" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":88666,"name":"PV","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PV?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="211346" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eleicoes_2010">Eleições 2010</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="211346" type="text/json">{"id":211346,"name":"Eleições 2010","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eleicoes_2010?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="212319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_e_Politica">Internet e Política</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="212319" type="text/json">{"id":212319,"name":"Internet e Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_e_Politica?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1147059]'), work: {"id":1147059,"title":"Onda verde: a campanha 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class="summarized">This paper lays the groundwork for a comprehensive typology in uncovering the factors influencing the degree of shift towards e-democracy. The paper proposes an interaction model of factors in the analysis of e-democracy by examining the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3021965" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper lays the groundwork for a comprehensive typology in uncovering the factors influencing the degree of shift towards e-democracy. The paper proposes an interaction model of factors in the analysis of e-democracy by examining the public sector, the private sector and the individuals. This interaction model is then used to discuss pertinent socio-economic and political impacts of e-democracy in Estonia. The discussion hopes to shed light on the obstacles and difficulties of achieving e- democracy and paves the way for future analysis of e-democracy implants in other countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3021965" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5edfcf49b03159e719b62762cf380c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30963412,"asset_id":3021965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30963412/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3490819" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/jianwen">Jian Wen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3490819" type="text/json">{"id":3490819,"first_name":"Jian","last_name":"Wen","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"jianwen","display_name":"Jian Wen","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/jianwen?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3490819/1189017/4118386/s65_jian.wen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3021965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3021965"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3021965, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3021965", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3021965]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3021965").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3021965").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3021965"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Internet politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20694" type="text/json">{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eparticipation">Eparticipation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54778" type="text/json">{"id":54778,"name":"Eparticipation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eparticipation?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62560" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-voting">E-voting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62560" type="text/json">{"id":62560,"name":"E-voting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-voting?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3021965]'), work: {"id":3021965,"title":"Evaluating the E-democracy Dream: A Case Study on Estonia","created_at":"2013-03-15T17:10:49.805-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3021965/Evaluating_the_E_democracy_Dream_A_Case_Study_on_Estonia?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_3021965","summary":"This paper lays the groundwork for a comprehensive typology in uncovering the factors influencing the degree of shift towards e-democracy. The paper proposes an interaction model of factors in the analysis of e-democracy by examining the public sector, the private sector and the individuals. This interaction model is then used to discuss pertinent socio-economic and political impacts of e-democracy in Estonia. The discussion hopes to shed light on the obstacles and difficulties of achieving e- democracy and paves the way for future analysis of e-democracy implants in other countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30963412,"asset_id":3021965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3490819,"first_name":"Jian","last_name":"Wen","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"jianwen","display_name":"Jian Wen","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/jianwen?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3490819/1189017/4118386/s65_jian.wen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":54778,"name":"Eparticipation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eparticipation?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":62560,"name":"E-voting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-voting?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":85743,"name":"Estonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estonia?f_ri=20694"},{"id":139463,"name":"Digital Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Inclusion?f_ri=20694"},{"id":176915,"name":"E-Democracy, Internet Politics, E-Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-Democracy_Internet_Politics_E-Participation?f_ri=20694"},{"id":270411,"name":"Social Media, Internet, Democracy and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_Internet_Democracy_and_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":289440,"name":"eDemocracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eDemocracy?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1495105" data-work_id="1495105" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1495105/Cyberspace_and_the_Public_Sphere_Exploring_the_Democratic_Potential_of_the_Net">Cyberspace and the Public Sphere: Exploring the Democratic Potential of the Net</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1495105" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ae7b34ff0cc5b5c5405d9aca6f8e771" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30831040,"asset_id":1495105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30831040/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="649123" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LincolnDahlberg">Lincoln Dahlberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="649123" type="text/json">{"id":649123,"first_name":"Lincoln","last_name":"Dahlberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LincolnDahlberg","display_name":"Lincoln Dahlberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LincolnDahlberg?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/649123/484027/761891/s65_lincoln.dahlberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1495105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1495105"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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data-work-id="1495105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1495105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1495105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1495105").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1495105").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1495105"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="994" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism">Journalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="994" type="text/json">{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics">Cultural Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6749" type="text/json">{"id":6749,"name":"Cultural Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10466" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Democracy">Media and Democracy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10466" type="text/json">{"id":10466,"name":"Media and Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Democracy?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1495105]'), work: {"id":1495105,"title":"Cyberspace and the Public Sphere: Exploring the Democratic Potential of the Net","created_at":"2012-04-01T21:22:14.630-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1495105/Cyberspace_and_the_Public_Sphere_Exploring_the_Democratic_Potential_of_the_Net?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_1495105","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30831040,"asset_id":1495105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":649123,"first_name":"Lincoln","last_name":"Dahlberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LincolnDahlberg","display_name":"Lincoln Dahlberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LincolnDahlberg?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/649123/484027/761891/s65_lincoln.dahlberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":6749,"name":"Cultural Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":10466,"name":"Media and Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Democracy?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":13958,"name":"Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=20694"},{"id":44810,"name":"Electronic Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Democracy?f_ri=20694"},{"id":51682,"name":"Digital Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Democracy?f_ri=20694"},{"id":54778,"name":"Eparticipation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eparticipation?f_ri=20694"},{"id":58992,"name":"Public Sphere, Civil Society, Deliberation and Journalism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sphere_Civil_Society_Deliberation_and_Journalism_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":65099,"name":"Political Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Transformation?f_ri=20694"},{"id":139463,"name":"Digital Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Inclusion?f_ri=20694"},{"id":176915,"name":"E-Democracy, Internet Politics, E-Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-Democracy_Internet_Politics_E-Participation?f_ri=20694"},{"id":270411,"name":"Social Media, Internet, Democracy and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_Internet_Democracy_and_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":289440,"name":"eDemocracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eDemocracy?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42893415" data-work_id="42893415" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42893415/Russia_s_Cyber_and_Information_Warfare">Russia’s Cyber and Information Warfare</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Russia's exercise of cyberpower forms an integral part of the far broader concept known as information warfare. The key principle of the Russian approach to information warfare, including cyber activities, is that information is the most... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42893415" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Russia's exercise of cyberpower forms an integral part of the far broader concept known as information warfare. The key principle of the Russian approach to information warfare, including cyber activities, is that information is the most important object of operations, independent of the channel through which it is transmitted. The aim is to control-or weaponize-information in whatever form it takes. Thus, "cyber" in particular is just a technical representation of information. In short, in Russia's comprehensive approach to the information domain, cyber is not a stand-alone discipline. This principle underpins all Russian efforts to extract, exfiltrate, manipulate, distort, or insert information. Alongside cyber activities, the channels available for doing this are as diverse as using fake or real news media to plant disinformation, trolling campaigns, issuing official government statements, giving speeches at rallies or demonstrations, posting defamatory online videos, and sending direct text messages. Russian information activities are not limited to cyberspace. Rather than using the term "cyberspace," Russian officials refer to "information space," which includes both computer and human information processing. This essay starts with an explanation of the terminological, doctrinal, and practical distinguishing features of Russian cyber activities as part of information warfare. It goes on to look at a number of Russia's agencies and capabilities involved in the prosecution of cyber activities, both offensive and defensive. In conclusion, the essay emphasizes the main implication of this distinctive approach: the need for nations to prepare a broad range of defenses against Russia's holistic approach to offensive cyber, information warfare, and other forms of hostile online activity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42893415" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec8c43a1329e4c900a723afd3f7dbf6d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63140703,"asset_id":42893415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63140703/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="257331" href="https://conflictstudies.academia.edu/KeirGiles">Keir Giles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="257331" type="text/json">{"id":257331,"first_name":"Keir","last_name":"Giles","domain_name":"conflictstudies","page_name":"KeirGiles","display_name":"Keir Giles","profile_url":"https://conflictstudies.academia.edu/KeirGiles?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/257331/197752/31563098/s65_keir.giles.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42893415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42893415"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42893415, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42893415", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42893415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42893415; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42893415"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42893415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42893415"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42893415; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42893415]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42893415").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42893415").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42893415"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1283" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security">Information Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1283" type="text/json">{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence">Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2674" type="text/json">{"id":2674,"name":"Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4810" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare">Information Warfare</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4810" type="text/json">{"id":4810,"name":"Information Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42893415]'), work: {"id":42893415,"title":"Russia’s Cyber and Information Warfare","created_at":"2020-04-29T14:34:56.763-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42893415/Russia_s_Cyber_and_Information_Warfare?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_42893415","summary":"Russia's exercise of cyberpower forms an integral part of the far broader concept known as information warfare. The key principle of the Russian approach to information warfare, including cyber activities, is that information is the most important object of operations, independent of the channel through which it is transmitted. The aim is to control-or weaponize-information in whatever form it takes. Thus, \"cyber\" in particular is just a technical representation of information. In short, in Russia's comprehensive approach to the information domain, cyber is not a stand-alone discipline. This principle underpins all Russian efforts to extract, exfiltrate, manipulate, distort, or insert information. Alongside cyber activities, the channels available for doing this are as diverse as using fake or real news media to plant disinformation, trolling campaigns, issuing official government statements, giving speeches at rallies or demonstrations, posting defamatory online videos, and sending direct text messages. Russian information activities are not limited to cyberspace. Rather than using the term \"cyberspace,\" Russian officials refer to \"information space,\" which includes both computer and human information processing. This essay starts with an explanation of the terminological, doctrinal, and practical distinguishing features of Russian cyber activities as part of information warfare. It goes on to look at a number of Russia's agencies and capabilities involved in the prosecution of cyber activities, both offensive and defensive. In conclusion, the essay emphasizes the main implication of this distinctive approach: the need for nations to prepare a broad range of defenses against Russia's holistic approach to offensive cyber, information warfare, and other forms of hostile online activity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63140703,"asset_id":42893415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":257331,"first_name":"Keir","last_name":"Giles","domain_name":"conflictstudies","page_name":"KeirGiles","display_name":"Keir Giles","profile_url":"https://conflictstudies.academia.edu/KeirGiles?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/257331/197752/31563098/s65_keir.giles.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":2674,"name":"Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":4810,"name":"Information Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":11337,"name":"Cyber Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyber_Warfare?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=20694"},{"id":46738,"name":"Cybersecurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62551,"name":"Internet and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":346639,"name":"Intelligence and security studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_and_security_studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":831496,"name":"Cybersecurity policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity_policy?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8606500" data-work_id="8606500" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8606500/Les_consultants_de_lInternet_politique_l%C3%A9mergence_dun_nouveau_march%C3%A9_de_la_communication_politique_en_France_Lexemple_des_prestations_commerciales_d%C3%A9velopp%C3%A9es_pour_les_municipales_de_2014_par_La_Netscouade_et_Li%C3%A9gey_Muller_Pons">Les consultants de l'Internet politique : l'émergence d'un nouveau marché de la communication politique en France ? : L'exemple des prestations commerciales développées pour les municipales de 2014 par La Netscouade et Liégey Muller Pons</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Qu'il soit homme de l'ombre ou homme public, le consultant joue un rôle dans l'organisation de la campagne électorale. Bien que le consultant ait un statut à part entière, c’est celui qui apporte une prestation, il reste difficile de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8606500" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Qu'il soit homme de l'ombre ou homme public, le consultant joue un rôle dans l'organisation de la campagne électorale. Bien que le consultant ait un statut à part entière, c’est celui qui apporte une prestation, il reste difficile de saisir les contours de son champ d'action. Pour quelles raisons une équipe de campagne va-t-elle choisir de faire appel à un prestataire ? Sur quels critères ce choix est-il fait ? Quelles sont les compétences qu'un consultant apporte à la campagne d'un candidat ? <br />Le consultant politique qui a longtemps bénéficié d'une image de publicitaire aux aspirations purement commerciales est-il désormais légitime dans le paysage politique ? Plus encore, le consultant a-t-il une expertise autre que communicationnelle : dans quelle mesure le consultant a-t-il une influence politique sur le candidat qu'il accompagne ? <br />Pour répondre à ces questions, nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement à ceux que la presse et des chercheurs tels que Clémence Pène nomment « les experts du Web » ou encore « les geeks de la politique ». A l'heure du faire campagne avec les outils numériques, le consultant Web fait-il de la politique ?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8606500" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55c67a1c193c7ff700cb45f4824b0670" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34972207,"asset_id":8606500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34972207/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12368654" href="https://upec.academia.edu/FannyConesa">Fanny Conesa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12368654" type="text/json">{"id":12368654,"first_name":"Fanny","last_name":"Conesa","domain_name":"upec","page_name":"FannyConesa","display_name":"Fanny Conesa","profile_url":"https://upec.academia.edu/FannyConesa?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12368654/3599781/4223223/s65_fanny.conesa.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8606500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8606500"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8606500, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8606500", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8606500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8606500; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8606500"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8606500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8606500"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8606500; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8606500]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8606500").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8606500").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8606500"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Internet politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20694" type="text/json">{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62551" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics">Internet and politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62551" type="text/json">{"id":62551,"name":"Internet and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="450473" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Consulting">Political Consulting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="450473" type="text/json">{"id":450473,"name":"Political Consulting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Consulting?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="845923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ePolitics">ePolitics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="845923" type="text/json">{"id":845923,"name":"ePolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ePolitics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8606500]'), work: {"id":8606500,"title":"Les consultants de l'Internet politique : l'émergence d'un nouveau marché de la communication politique en France ? : L'exemple des prestations commerciales développées pour les municipales de 2014 par La Netscouade et Liégey Muller Pons","created_at":"2014-10-02T08:37:40.028-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8606500/Les_consultants_de_lInternet_politique_l%C3%A9mergence_dun_nouveau_march%C3%A9_de_la_communication_politique_en_France_Lexemple_des_prestations_commerciales_d%C3%A9velopp%C3%A9es_pour_les_municipales_de_2014_par_La_Netscouade_et_Li%C3%A9gey_Muller_Pons?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_8606500","summary":"Qu'il soit homme de l'ombre ou homme public, le consultant joue un rôle dans l'organisation de la campagne électorale. Bien que le consultant ait un statut à part entière, c’est celui qui apporte une prestation, il reste difficile de saisir les contours de son champ d'action. Pour quelles raisons une équipe de campagne va-t-elle choisir de faire appel à un prestataire ? Sur quels critères ce choix est-il fait ? Quelles sont les compétences qu'un consultant apporte à la campagne d'un candidat ?\r\nLe consultant politique qui a longtemps bénéficié d'une image de publicitaire aux aspirations purement commerciales est-il désormais légitime dans le paysage politique ? Plus encore, le consultant a-t-il une expertise autre que communicationnelle : dans quelle mesure le consultant a-t-il une influence politique sur le candidat qu'il accompagne ?\r\nPour répondre à ces questions, nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement à ceux que la presse et des chercheurs tels que Clémence Pène nomment « les experts du Web » ou encore « les geeks de la politique ». A l'heure du faire campagne avec les outils numériques, le consultant Web fait-il de la politique ?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34972207,"asset_id":8606500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12368654,"first_name":"Fanny","last_name":"Conesa","domain_name":"upec","page_name":"FannyConesa","display_name":"Fanny Conesa","profile_url":"https://upec.academia.edu/FannyConesa?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12368654/3599781/4223223/s65_fanny.conesa.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":62551,"name":"Internet and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":450473,"name":"Political Consulting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Consulting?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":845923,"name":"ePolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ePolitics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6585236" data-work_id="6585236" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6585236/White_A_2014_Digital_Media_and_Society_transforming_economics_politics_and_social_practices_Basingstoke_and_New_York_Palgrave_Macmillan">White, A. (2014) Digital Media and Society: transforming economics, politics and social practices. Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">REVIEWS "White has provided a ground-breaking examination of the implications of digital media for the fundamental workings of society. Its international perspective makes this new classic required reading for any serious student of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6585236" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">REVIEWS <br /> <br />"White has provided a ground-breaking examination of the implications of digital media for the fundamental workings of society. Its international perspective makes this new classic required reading for any serious student of media in the age of global and digital communication." - John Pavlik, Rutgers, USA    <br /> <br />"In his new book, Andrew White takes the bird's eye view of digital media. He carefully guides us through the theoretical minefields opened up by the networked world: identity politics, the distinction between private/public, the democratic state, economics, surveillance, and other key concepts. White appears a reliable guide who knows how to strike a balance between complexity and elucidation, between argument and exposition, between summary and probe. I am confident this book will be very useful for students and faculty alike. It addresses poignant issues in a clear voice." - José van Dijck, University of Amsterdam, and author of The Culture of Connectivity (2013)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6585236" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96408f581e10e9f99326028e5212c041" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35080717,"asset_id":6585236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35080717/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1505588" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/AndrewWhite">Andrew White</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1505588" type="text/json">{"id":1505588,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"White","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"AndrewWhite","display_name":"Andrew White","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/AndrewWhite?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1505588/740299/38840173/s65_andrew.white.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6585236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6585236"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6585236, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6585236", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6585236]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6585236").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6585236").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6585236"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="861" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Divide">Digital Divide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="861" type="text/json">{"id":861,"name":"Digital Divide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Divide?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media">New Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="933" type="text/json">{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1012" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Libraries">Digital Libraries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1012" type="text/json">{"id":1012,"name":"Digital Libraries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Libraries?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2869" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media">Digital Media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2869" type="text/json">{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6585236]'), work: {"id":6585236,"title":"White, A. (2014) Digital Media and Society: transforming economics, politics and social practices. Basingstoke \u0026 New York: Palgrave Macmillan.","created_at":"2014-03-28T20:49:49.720-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6585236/White_A_2014_Digital_Media_and_Society_transforming_economics_politics_and_social_practices_Basingstoke_and_New_York_Palgrave_Macmillan?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_6585236","summary":"REVIEWS \r\n\r\n\"White has provided a ground-breaking examination of the implications of digital media for the fundamental workings of society. Its international perspective makes this new classic required reading for any serious student of media in the age of global and digital communication.\" - John Pavlik, Rutgers, USA \r\n\r\n\"In his new book, Andrew White takes the bird's eye view of digital media. He carefully guides us through the theoretical minefields opened up by the networked world: identity politics, the distinction between private/public, the democratic state, economics, surveillance, and other key concepts. White appears a reliable guide who knows how to strike a balance between complexity and elucidation, between argument and exposition, between summary and probe. I am confident this book will be very useful for students and faculty alike. It addresses poignant issues in a clear voice.\" - José van Dijck, University of Amsterdam, and author of The Culture of Connectivity (2013)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35080717,"asset_id":6585236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1505588,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"White","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"AndrewWhite","display_name":"Andrew White","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/AndrewWhite?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1505588/740299/38840173/s65_andrew.white.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":861,"name":"Digital Divide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Divide?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":1012,"name":"Digital Libraries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Libraries?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":7480,"name":"Surveillance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":8813,"name":"Web search","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_search?f_ri=20694"},{"id":8875,"name":"Civil Society and the Public Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Society_and_the_Public_Sphere?f_ri=20694"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":11344,"name":"Creative Industries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Industries?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":24892,"name":"Surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance?f_ri=20694"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=20694"},{"id":35838,"name":"Search Engines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_Engines?f_ri=20694"},{"id":40400,"name":"Google","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Google?f_ri=20694"},{"id":40461,"name":"Online Identity and Presence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Identity_and_Presence?f_ri=20694"},{"id":48200,"name":"Digital Library","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Library?f_ri=20694"},{"id":49804,"name":"New social movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_social_movements?f_ri=20694"},{"id":57262,"name":"Digital scholarship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_scholarship?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62551,"name":"Internet and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62706,"name":"Digital Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Economy?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62873,"name":"User Centric Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/User_Centric_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":86551,"name":"Political Economy of New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_New_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":173790,"name":"Technological Determinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_Determinism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":270411,"name":"Social Media, Internet, Democracy and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_Internet_Democracy_and_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1133874,"name":"Online Public Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Public_Sphere?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1510408" data-work_id="1510408" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1510408/The_Use_of_the_Internet_and_Social_Media_in_U_S_Presidential_Campaigns_1992_2012">The Use of the Internet and Social Media in U.S. Presidential Campaigns: 1992-2012</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since the 1992 U.S. presidential election process, candidates have gradually recognized the power of the Internet, and later social media, to further political ambitions of fundraising, engaging and interacting with the public, organizing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1510408" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since the 1992 U.S. presidential election process, candidates have gradually recognized the power of the Internet, and later social media, to further political ambitions of fundraising, engaging and interacting with the public, organizing and mobilizing supporters, gathering voter data, reaching the youth vote, and disseminating information. I provide a historical overview of new media use, in particular the Internet and social media, in U.S. presidential campaigns from 1992 to 2008. Also, a critical analysis is conducted on the appropriateness of using the term “grassroots” to describe political campaigns and how this affects the public interest. Finally, I examine the current growth of new media use thus far in the 2012 presidential election.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1510408" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0e8234dbc105ab84d49c42acae5435e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":12102037,"asset_id":1510408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12102037/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1458297" href="https://jmu.academia.edu/KatyLeuschner">Katy Leuschner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1458297" type="text/json">{"id":1458297,"first_name":"Katy","last_name":"Leuschner","domain_name":"jmu","page_name":"KatyLeuschner","display_name":"Katy Leuschner","profile_url":"https://jmu.academia.edu/KatyLeuschner?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1458297/539088/162414519/s65_katy.leuschner.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1510408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1510408"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1510408, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1510408", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1510408]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1510408").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1510408").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1510408"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">34</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements">Social Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208" type="text/json">{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media">New Media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="933" type="text/json">{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1510408]'), work: {"id":1510408,"title":"The Use of the Internet and Social Media in U.S. Presidential Campaigns: 1992-2012","created_at":"2012-04-15T11:33:46.815-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1510408/The_Use_of_the_Internet_and_Social_Media_in_U_S_Presidential_Campaigns_1992_2012?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_1510408","summary":"Since the 1992 U.S. presidential election process, candidates have gradually recognized the power of the Internet, and later social media, to further political ambitions of fundraising, engaging and interacting with the public, organizing and mobilizing supporters, gathering voter data, reaching the youth vote, and disseminating information. I provide a historical overview of new media use, in particular the Internet and social media, in U.S. presidential campaigns from 1992 to 2008. Also, a critical analysis is conducted on the appropriateness of using the term “grassroots” to describe political campaigns and how this affects the public interest. Finally, I examine the current growth of new media use thus far in the 2012 presidential election.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":12102037,"asset_id":1510408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1458297,"first_name":"Katy","last_name":"Leuschner","domain_name":"jmu","page_name":"KatyLeuschner","display_name":"Katy Leuschner","profile_url":"https://jmu.academia.edu/KatyLeuschner?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1458297/539088/162414519/s65_katy.leuschner.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=20694"},{"id":2553,"name":"Social Networking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking?f_ri=20694"},{"id":3510,"name":"Virtual Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Communities?f_ri=20694"},{"id":4032,"name":"Development communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_communication?f_ri=20694"},{"id":5401,"name":"Computer-Mediated Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication?f_ri=20694"},{"id":6423,"name":"Media Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Education?f_ri=20694"},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=20694"},{"id":7369,"name":"Political communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication?f_ri=20694"},{"id":8264,"name":"Community Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":8280,"name":"Media Literacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Literacy?f_ri=20694"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":10191,"name":"Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Justice?f_ri=20694"},{"id":13958,"name":"Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=20694"},{"id":45559,"name":"Peace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace?f_ri=20694"},{"id":52629,"name":"Political Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Identity?f_ri=20694"},{"id":54734,"name":"Media Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Research?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62394,"name":"Online Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":117139,"name":"Social Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Communication-2?f_ri=20694"},{"id":151144,"name":"Grassroots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grassroots?f_ri=20694"},{"id":176915,"name":"E-Democracy, Internet Politics, E-Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-Democracy_Internet_Politics_E-Participation?f_ri=20694"},{"id":252238,"name":"Media Impact and Effects and Usages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Impact_and_Effects_and_Usages?f_ri=20694"},{"id":270411,"name":"Social Media, Internet, Democracy and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_Internet_Democracy_and_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":375655,"name":"Youth Vote","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Vote?f_ri=20694"},{"id":396004,"name":"Media theory and Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_theory_and_Research?f_ri=20694"},{"id":431653,"name":"Barack Obama's Presidential Campaign 2008","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barack_Obamas_Presidential_Campaign_2008?f_ri=20694"},{"id":567881,"name":"Mobile and Location-Based Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_and_Location-Based_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":610822,"name":"Alternate Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternate_Media?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15256488" data-work_id="15256488" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15256488/Manufacturing_Consent_in_Cyberspace_China_s_Fifty_Cent_Army_">Manufacturing Consent in Cyberspace: China’s “Fifty-Cent Army”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Studies on public expression in China tend to focus on how the state and internet users (netizens) struggle over the limits of online expression. Few have systematically traced discourse competition within state-imposed boundaries,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15256488" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Studies on public expression in China tend to focus on how the state and internet users (netizens) struggle over the limits of online expression. Few have systematically traced discourse competition within state-imposed boundaries, particularly how the authoritarian state has adapted to manage, rather than censor, online expression. This paper explores and evaluates the state’s attempts to manipulate online expression without resorting to censorship and coercion by examining the role of internet commentators, known as the “fifty-cent army”, in Chinese cyberspace. To cope with the challenge of online expression, the authoritarian state has mobilized its agents to engage anonymously in online discussions and produce apparently spontaneous pro-regime commentary. However, due to a lack of proper motivation and the persistence of old propaganda logic, this seemingly smart adaptation has proven ineffective or even counterproductive: It not only decreases netizens’ trust in the state but also, ironically, suppresses the voices of regime supporters.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15256488" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7cb802887c50370cd16e60c565240f89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38601869,"asset_id":15256488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38601869/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="832915" href="https://uga.academia.edu/RongbinHan">Rongbin Han</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="832915" type="text/json">{"id":832915,"first_name":"Rongbin","last_name":"Han","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"RongbinHan","display_name":"Rongbin Han","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/RongbinHan?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/832915/18933982/18883731/s65_rongbin.han.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15256488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15256488"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15256488, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15256488", }); 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In diesem Sammelband werden die bisherigen und aktuellen Entwicklungen in diesem Politikfeld mit empirischen und theoretischen Analysen konfrontiert und der netzpolitische Diskurs so um kommunikations- und politikwissenschaftliche Perspektiven ergänzt.Im Fokus der elf Beiträge stehen dabei ganz grundsätzliche Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung für die Kommunikationspolitik, die von der Politik aus der Digitalisierung gezogenen kommunikationspolitischen Konsequenzen sowie der gesellschaftliche Diskurs über die politischen Antworten auf den digitalen Medienwandel.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11301449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7e4b3b67ae883743f0bf14383f5a87d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36876930,"asset_id":11301449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36876930/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15125360" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianStrippel">Christian Strippel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15125360" type="text/json">{"id":15125360,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Strippel","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"ChristianStrippel","display_name":"Christian Strippel","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianStrippel?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15125360/5005669/15154956/s65_christian.strippel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11301449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11301449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11301449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11301449", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11301449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11301449").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11301449").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11301449"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2812" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Access">Open Access</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2812" type="text/json">{"id":2812,"name":"Open Access","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Access?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Access_Publishing">Open Access Publishing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2813" type="text/json">{"id":2813,"name":"Open Access Publishing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Access_Publishing?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5401" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication">Computer-Mediated Communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5401" type="text/json">{"id":5401,"name":"Computer-Mediated Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11301449]'), work: {"id":11301449,"title":"Kommunikationspolitik für die digitale Gesellschaft","created_at":"2015-03-06T01:01:54.231-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11301449/Kommunikationspolitik_f%C3%BCr_die_digitale_Gesellschaft?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_11301449","summary":"Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung der Gesellschaft stellt die nationale und internationale Kommunikationspolitik und Medienregulierung vor eine Fülle neuer Herausforderungen: Themen wie Internetkriminalität, Daten- und Jugendschutz oder Urheber- und Leistungsschutzrecht stehen insbesondere in Europa und den USA weit oben auf der politischen und medialen Agenda. In diesem Sammelband werden die bisherigen und aktuellen Entwicklungen in diesem Politikfeld mit empirischen und theoretischen Analysen konfrontiert und der netzpolitische Diskurs so um kommunikations- und politikwissenschaftliche Perspektiven ergänzt.Im Fokus der elf Beiträge stehen dabei ganz grundsätzliche Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung für die Kommunikationspolitik, die von der Politik aus der Digitalisierung gezogenen kommunikationspolitischen Konsequenzen sowie der gesellschaftliche Diskurs über die politischen Antworten auf den digitalen Medienwandel.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36876930,"asset_id":11301449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15125360,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Strippel","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"ChristianStrippel","display_name":"Christian Strippel","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianStrippel?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15125360/5005669/15154956/s65_christian.strippel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2812,"name":"Open Access","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Access?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":2813,"name":"Open Access Publishing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Access_Publishing?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":5401,"name":"Computer-Mediated Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":7685,"name":"Copyright","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copyright?f_ri=20694"},{"id":8052,"name":"Media Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Policy?f_ri=20694"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":9972,"name":"Copyright (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copyright_Law_?f_ri=20694"},{"id":10467,"name":"Public Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sphere?f_ri=20694"},{"id":11006,"name":"Computer Mediated Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Mediated_Communication?f_ri=20694"},{"id":16416,"name":"Internet \u0026 Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_Society?f_ri=20694"},{"id":18838,"name":"Digital Copyright","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Copyright?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":24715,"name":"Media Convergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Convergence?f_ri=20694"},{"id":30946,"name":"Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication_CMC_?f_ri=20694"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=20694"},{"id":34980,"name":"Net Neutrality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Net_Neutrality?f_ri=20694"},{"id":40400,"name":"Google","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Google?f_ri=20694"},{"id":45910,"name":"Media regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_regulation?f_ri=20694"},{"id":47990,"name":"Communication sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_sciences?f_ri=20694"},{"id":52154,"name":"Communication Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62551,"name":"Internet and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":78651,"name":"Communication Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Science?f_ri=20694"},{"id":90776,"name":"Copyright Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copyright_Law?f_ri=20694"},{"id":238966,"name":"Internet Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Policy?f_ri=20694"},{"id":270411,"name":"Social Media, Internet, Democracy and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_Internet_Democracy_and_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":275555,"name":"Internet Governance, ICT policy and Regulation Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Governance_ICT_policy_and_Regulation_Research?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7265878" data-work_id="7265878" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7265878/Party_Politics_Ph_Internet_Campaigning_in_the_Philippines">Party.Politics.Ph: Internet Campaigning in the Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article is an initial assessment of Internet utilization by political parties in the Philippines. The phenomenal growth in the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the country is not lost to political parties,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7265878" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article is an initial assessment of Internet utilization by political parties in the Philippines. The phenomenal growth in the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the country is not lost to political parties, candidates, and campaign managers. Online websites offer an opportunity for political parties to strengthen linkages with citizens and voters through information provision, transparency, interactivity, and networking. The article conducted a content analysis of the websites of five mainstream political parties and twelve party list organizations represented in the 14th Congress. It appraised the online presence of these parties and assessed the level of use of the Internet as a tool for internal party administration, online electoral campaigns, voters’ participation and organization.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7265878" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f468e105e0440f7eccbc715f47b07b95" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33878579,"asset_id":7265878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33878579/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43729" href="https://dlsu.academia.edu/JulioTeehankee">Julio Teehankee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43729" type="text/json">{"id":43729,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Teehankee","domain_name":"dlsu","page_name":"JulioTeehankee","display_name":"Julio Teehankee","profile_url":"https://dlsu.academia.edu/JulioTeehankee?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43729/14058/29057854/s65_julio.teehankee.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7265878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7265878"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7265878, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7265878", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7265878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7265878; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7265878"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7265878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7265878"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7265878; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7265878]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7265878").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7265878").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7265878"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Parties">Political Parties</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1287" type="text/json">{"id":1287,"name":"Political Parties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Parties?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Internet politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20694" type="text/json">{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7265878]'), work: {"id":7265878,"title":"Party.Politics.Ph: Internet Campaigning in the Philippines","created_at":"2014-06-05T04:06:10.241-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7265878/Party_Politics_Ph_Internet_Campaigning_in_the_Philippines?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_7265878","summary":"This article is an initial assessment of Internet utilization by political parties in the Philippines. The phenomenal growth in the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the country is not lost to political parties, candidates, and campaign managers. Online websites offer an opportunity for political parties to strengthen linkages with citizens and voters through information provision, transparency, interactivity, and networking. The article conducted a content analysis of the websites of five mainstream political parties and twelve party list organizations represented in the 14th Congress. It appraised the online presence of these parties and assessed the level of use of the Internet as a tool for internal party administration, online electoral campaigns, voters’ participation and organization.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33878579,"asset_id":7265878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43729,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Teehankee","domain_name":"dlsu","page_name":"JulioTeehankee","display_name":"Julio Teehankee","profile_url":"https://dlsu.academia.edu/JulioTeehankee?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43729/14058/29057854/s65_julio.teehankee.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":1287,"name":"Political Parties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Parties?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":36289,"name":"Electoral Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electoral_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":36290,"name":"Election Campaigning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Election_Campaigning?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62551,"name":"Internet and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":270411,"name":"Social Media, Internet, Democracy and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_Internet_Democracy_and_Politics?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33006469" data-work_id="33006469" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33006469/Spoon_Theory_and_The_Fall_of_a_Populist_Princess_in_South_Korea">'Spoon Theory' and The Fall of a Populist Princess in South Korea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">On December 9, 2016, South Korea's National Assembly voted to impeach the country's president, Park Geun-hye, over abuse of power among other charges. Three months later, the Constitutional Court upheld the impeachment and she was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33006469" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">On December 9, 2016, South Korea's National Assembly voted to impeach the country's president, Park Geun-hye, over abuse of power among other charges. Three months later, the Constitutional Court upheld the impeachment and she was dismissed from office—the first South Korean president to be removed this way. New elections were called. Park was then made the subject of a criminal investigation and jailed for the trial. The allegations center on Park's relationship with an old family friend, Ch'oe Sun-sil, who became involved in official decision-making and used her influence to extract funds from businesses, but the scandal widened to involve more individuals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33006469" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9590f0ce04ffca5546f90702a68ec702" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57716619,"asset_id":33006469,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57716619/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34677711" href="https://nus.academia.edu/HyejinKim">Hyejin Kim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34677711" type="text/json">{"id":34677711,"first_name":"Hyejin","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"HyejinKim","display_name":"Hyejin Kim","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/HyejinKim?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34677711/15091748/15805155/s65_hyejin.kim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33006469 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33006469"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33006469, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33006469", }); 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Three months later, the Constitutional Court upheld the impeachment and she was dismissed from office—the first South Korean president to be removed this way. New elections were called. Park was then made the subject of a criminal investigation and jailed for the trial. The allegations center on Park's relationship with an old family friend, Ch'oe Sun-sil, who became involved in official decision-making and used her influence to extract funds from businesses, but the scandal widened to involve more individuals.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57716619,"asset_id":33006469,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34677711,"first_name":"Hyejin","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"HyejinKim","display_name":"Hyejin Kim","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/HyejinKim?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34677711/15091748/15805155/s65_hyejin.kim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4179,"name":"South Korea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Korea?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":46644,"name":"Social 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="649123" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LincolnDahlberg">Lincoln Dahlberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="649123" type="text/json">{"id":649123,"first_name":"Lincoln","last_name":"Dahlberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LincolnDahlberg","display_name":"Lincoln Dahlberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LincolnDahlberg?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/649123/484027/761891/s65_lincoln.dahlberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1412433 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1412433"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1412433, container: 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2.0","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_2.0?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="984" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_2.0">Web 2.0</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="984" type="text/json">{"id":984,"name":"Web 2.0","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_2.0?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2553" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking">Social Networking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2553" type="text/json">{"id":2553,"name":"Social Networking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics">Cultural Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6749" type="text/json">{"id":6749,"name":"Cultural 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Media_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":29128,"name":"Cybercultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybercultures?f_ri=20694"},{"id":99126,"name":"Digital Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":270411,"name":"Social Media, Internet, Democracy and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_Internet_Democracy_and_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":464452,"name":"Cyberlibertarian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberlibertarian?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71688389 coauthored" data-work_id="71688389" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71688389/Armadilhas_e_caminhos_na_regula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_modera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_conte%C3%BAdo">Armadilhas e caminhos na regulação da moderação de conteúdo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Esta é mais uma intervenção do InternetLab para contribuir com o debate público em torno da regulação de plataformas, intensificado com a emergência de propostas ventiladas pelo Poder Executivo em 2021 (como a publicação de uma minuta de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71688389" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Esta é mais uma intervenção do InternetLab para contribuir com o debate público em torno da regulação de plataformas, intensificado com a emergência de propostas ventiladas pelo Poder Executivo em 2021 (como a publicação de uma minuta de decreto, preparada pelo Ministério do Turismo, que modificaria o regulamento do Marco Civil da Internet). Da forma como foi apresentado, o texto proibiria a “moderação de conteúdo” realizada por plataformas digitais tal qual ela ocorre hoje.<br />Embora reconheçamos as preocupações legítimas sobre o arbítrio em relação à expressão online, especialmente quanto à atuação das empresas que têm maior número de usuários e poder econômico, neste documento apontamos as razões pelas quais entendemos que simplesmente abolir práticas de moderação de conteúdo, tal como proposto,<br />seria equivocado se analisado do ponto de vista de direitos dos usuários e da proteção de um ambiente aberto e democrático na internet.<br />Este documento ainda indica outro caminho para que possamos responder aos anseios de diferentes setores quanto à moderação de conteúdo, que leva em conta os pontos acima e pode ser mais promissor, embasado numa abordagem procedimental de proteção a direitos dos usuários em face da aplicação de políticas de conteúdo por grandes empresas de internet.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71688389" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9771184c97b9494fbddfbb2b21465dbb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80928325,"asset_id":71688389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80928325/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4284021" href="https://yale.academia.edu/arturpericles">Artur Pericles Lima Monteiro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4284021" type="text/json">{"id":4284021,"first_name":"Artur Pericles","last_name":"Lima Monteiro","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"arturpericles","display_name":"Artur Pericles Lima Monteiro","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/arturpericles?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4284021/1706260/137801250/s65_artur_pericles.lima_monteiro.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-71688389">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-71688389"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hsg.academia.edu/MarianaGValente">Mariana G. Valente</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-71688389'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-71688389').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71688389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71688389"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71688389, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71688389", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71688389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71688389; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71688389"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71688389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71688389"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71688389; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71688389]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71688389").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71688389").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71688389"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9246" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media">Social Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9246" type="text/json">{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Internet politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20694" type="text/json">{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32280" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Platform_Studies">Platform Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32280" type="text/json">{"id":32280,"name":"Platform Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Platform_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3421196" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Content_moderation"> Content moderation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3421196" type="text/json">{"id":3421196,"name":" Content moderation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Content_moderation?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71688389]'), work: {"id":71688389,"title":"Armadilhas e caminhos na regulação da moderação de conteúdo","created_at":"2022-02-16T07:16:25.008-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71688389/Armadilhas_e_caminhos_na_regula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_modera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_conte%C3%BAdo?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_71688389","summary":"Esta é mais uma intervenção do InternetLab para contribuir com o debate público em torno da regulação de plataformas, intensificado com a emergência de propostas ventiladas pelo Poder Executivo em 2021 (como a publicação de uma minuta de decreto, preparada pelo Ministério do Turismo, que modificaria o regulamento do Marco Civil da Internet). Da forma como foi apresentado, o texto proibiria a “moderação de conteúdo” realizada por plataformas digitais tal qual ela ocorre hoje.\nEmbora reconheçamos as preocupações legítimas sobre o arbítrio em relação à expressão online, especialmente quanto à atuação das empresas que têm maior número de usuários e poder econômico, neste documento apontamos as razões pelas quais entendemos que simplesmente abolir práticas de moderação de conteúdo, tal como proposto,\nseria equivocado se analisado do ponto de vista de direitos dos usuários e da proteção de um ambiente aberto e democrático na internet.\nEste documento ainda indica outro caminho para que possamos responder aos anseios de diferentes setores quanto à moderação de conteúdo, que leva em conta os pontos acima e pode ser mais promissor, embasado numa abordagem procedimental de proteção a direitos dos usuários em face da aplicação de políticas de conteúdo por grandes empresas de internet.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80928325,"asset_id":71688389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4284021,"first_name":"Artur Pericles","last_name":"Lima Monteiro","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"arturpericles","display_name":"Artur Pericles Lima Monteiro","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/arturpericles?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4284021/1706260/137801250/s65_artur_pericles.lima_monteiro.jpeg"},{"id":5579313,"first_name":"Mariana","last_name":"G. Valente","domain_name":"hsg","page_name":"MarianaGValente","display_name":"Mariana G. Valente","profile_url":"https://hsg.academia.edu/MarianaGValente?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5579313/2441362/34852662/s65_mariana.giorgetti_valente.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":32280,"name":"Platform Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Platform_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":3421196,"name":" Content moderation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Content_moderation?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38347684" data-work_id="38347684" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38347684/From_Human_Rights_Aspirations_to_Enforceable_Obligations_by_Non_State_Actors_in_the_Digital_Age_The_Case_of_Internet_Governance_and_ICANN">From Human Rights Aspirations to Enforceable Obligations by Non-State Actors in the Digital Age: The Case of Internet Governance and ICANN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As the global policy-making capacity and influence of non-state actors in the digital age is rapidly increasing, the protection of fundamental human rights by private actors becomes one of the most pressing issues in Global Governance.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38347684" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As the global policy-making capacity and influence of non-state actors in the digital age is rapidly increasing, the protection of fundamental human rights by private actors becomes one of the most pressing issues in Global Governance. This article combines business and human rights and digital constitutionalism discourses and uses the changing institutional context of Internet Governance and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (‘ICANN’) as an example to argue that economic incentives act against the voluntary protection of human rights by informal actors and regulatory structures in the digital era. It further contends that the global policy-making role and increasing regulatory power of informal actors such as ICANN necessitates reframing of their legal duties by subjecting them to directly binding human rights obligations in international law. The article argues that such reframing is particularly important in the information age for three reasons. Firstly, it is needed to rectify an imbalance between hard legal commercial obligations and human rights soft law. This imbalance is well reflected in ICANNs policies. Secondly, binding obligations would ensure that individuals whose human rights have been affected can access an effective remedy. This is not envisaged under the new ICANN Bylaw on human rights precisely because of the fuzziness around the nature of ICANN’s obligations to respect internationally recognized human rights in its policies. Finally, the article suggests that because private actors such as ICANN are themselves engaging in the balancing exercise around such rights, an explicit recognition of their human rights obligations is crucial for the future development of access to justice in the digital age.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38347684" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8fa76876b8780555b32bafce0914fb18" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61712031,"asset_id":38347684,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61712031/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1209791" href="https://unsw.academia.edu/MonikaZalnieriute">Monika Zalnieriute</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1209791" type="text/json">{"id":1209791,"first_name":"Monika","last_name":"Zalnieriute","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"MonikaZalnieriute","display_name":"Monika Zalnieriute","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/MonikaZalnieriute?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1209791/435757/77649949/s65_monika.zalnieriute.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38347684 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38347684"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38347684, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38347684", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38347684 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38347684; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38347684"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38347684 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38347684"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38347684; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38347684]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38347684").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38347684").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38347684"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2169" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law">Human Rights Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2169" type="text/json">{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5321" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law">International Human Rights Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5321" type="text/json">{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38347684]'), work: {"id":38347684,"title":"From Human Rights Aspirations to Enforceable Obligations by Non-State Actors in the Digital Age: The Case of Internet Governance and ICANN","created_at":"2019-02-13T12:12:32.432-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38347684/From_Human_Rights_Aspirations_to_Enforceable_Obligations_by_Non_State_Actors_in_the_Digital_Age_The_Case_of_Internet_Governance_and_ICANN?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_38347684","summary":"As the global policy-making capacity and influence of non-state actors in the digital age is rapidly increasing, the protection of fundamental human rights by private actors becomes one of the most pressing issues in Global Governance. This article combines business and human rights and digital constitutionalism discourses and uses the changing institutional context of Internet Governance and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (‘ICANN’) as an example to argue that economic incentives act against the voluntary protection of human rights by informal actors and regulatory structures in the digital era. It further contends that the global policy-making role and increasing regulatory power of informal actors such as ICANN necessitates reframing of their legal duties by subjecting them to directly binding human rights obligations in international law. The article argues that such reframing is particularly important in the information age for three reasons. Firstly, it is needed to rectify an imbalance between hard legal commercial obligations and human rights soft law. This imbalance is well reflected in ICANNs policies. Secondly, binding obligations would ensure that individuals whose human rights have been affected can access an effective remedy. This is not envisaged under the new ICANN Bylaw on human rights precisely because of the fuzziness around the nature of ICANN’s obligations to respect internationally recognized human rights in its policies. Finally, the article suggests that because private actors such as ICANN are themselves engaging in the balancing exercise around such rights, an explicit recognition of their human rights obligations is crucial for the future development of access to justice in the digital age. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61712031,"asset_id":38347684,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1209791,"first_name":"Monika","last_name":"Zalnieriute","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"MonikaZalnieriute","display_name":"Monika Zalnieriute","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/MonikaZalnieriute?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1209791/435757/77649949/s65_monika.zalnieriute.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights 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href="https://www.academia.edu/35361184/El_espacio_de_la_pol%C3%ADtica_2014_">El espacio de la política (2014)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35361184" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d97881a495ff72d19ac3b7dd0dc7843e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55221648,"asset_id":35361184,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Negri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toni_Negri?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1948056,"name":"Bureaucratic violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucratic_violence?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29626254" data-work_id="29626254" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29626254/Chinas_date_with_big_data_will_it_strengthen_or_threaten_authoritarian_rule">China's date with big data: will it strengthen or threaten authoritarian rule?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The rise of big data has brought with it tremendous possibilities, for better or worse. In China, the government has been enthusiastically preparing for the coming of the big data era. This article examines how the authoritarian regime in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29626254" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The rise of big data has brought with it tremendous possibilities, for better or worse. In China, the government has been enthusiastically preparing for the coming of the big data era. This article examines how the authoritarian regime in China has been employing big data to improve its governance and to move towards a “big brother 2.0” model. The regime has combined co-optation with coercive control to exploit digital technology, in order to maximize its utility and thus maintain authoritarian rule. Moreover, existing debates on digital technology largely focus on the changing power structures between state and society, but neglect power structures within regimes and their implications for authoritarianism. This article argues that the use of massive digital data may backfire against the authoritarian regime as it may change the power structure within the state. That is to say, efforts to embrace big data may also undermine the authoritarian rule. A more accurate understanding of the Chinese authoritarian regime’s resilience and vulnerability in the information age will help us grasp the essence of China’s rise as a fragile global power.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29626254" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="420090f98e5e8032c53a0beb07e42559" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50064872,"asset_id":29626254,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50064872/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4272328" href="https://lancaster.academia.edu/JinghanZeng">Jinghan Zeng</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4272328" type="text/json">{"id":4272328,"first_name":"Jinghan","last_name":"Zeng","domain_name":"lancaster","page_name":"JinghanZeng","display_name":"Jinghan Zeng","profile_url":"https://lancaster.academia.edu/JinghanZeng?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4272328/1698268/36621412/s65_jinghan.zeng.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29626254 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29626254"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29626254, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29626254", }); 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In China, the government has been enthusiastically preparing for the coming of the big data era. This article examines how the authoritarian regime in China has been employing big data to improve its governance and to move towards a “big brother 2.0” model. The regime has combined co-optation with coercive control to exploit digital technology, in order to maximize its utility and thus maintain authoritarian rule. Moreover, existing debates on digital technology largely focus on the changing power structures between state and society, but neglect power structures within regimes and their implications for authoritarianism. This article argues that the use of massive digital data may backfire against the authoritarian regime as it may change the power structure within the state. That is to say, efforts to embrace big data may also undermine the authoritarian rule. A more accurate understanding of the Chinese authoritarian regime’s resilience and vulnerability in the information age will help us grasp the essence of China’s rise as a fragile global power. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50064872,"asset_id":29626254,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4272328,"first_name":"Jinghan","last_name":"Zeng","domain_name":"lancaster","page_name":"JinghanZeng","display_name":"Jinghan Zeng","profile_url":"https://lancaster.academia.edu/JinghanZeng?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4272328/1698268/36621412/s65_jinghan.zeng.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16240,"name":"Chinese Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":126300,"name":"Big Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Big_Data?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":592695,"name":"Power Elites and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Elites_and_Politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}]}, }) } 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type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="861" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Divide">Digital Divide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="861" type="text/json">{"id":861,"name":"Digital Divide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Divide?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4253050]'), work: {"id":4253050,"title":"Digital Feudalism: Enclosures and 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7369446/Everyday_political_talk_in_the_internet_based_public_sphere">Everyday political talk in the internet-based public sphere</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ever since the advent of the Internet, political communication scholars have debated its potential to facilitate and support public deliberation as a means of revitalizing and extending the public sphere. Much of the debate has focused on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7369446" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ever since the advent of the Internet, political communication scholars have debated its potential to facilitate and support public deliberation as a means of revitalizing and extending the public sphere. Much of the debate has focused on the medium’s potential in offering communicative spaces that transcend the limitations of time, space and access (and the traditional mass media) whereby open communication, deliberation and exchange of information among the public can prosper. Following the initial enthusiasm over the possibilities of a more interactive and deliberative electorate, along with the cyber-pessimist response, a growing body of rich empirical research into online deliberation has arisen in its wake. In search of online deliberation, scholars have conducted a broad range of investigations, developing several prominent directions in the field. One popular line of research has been the study of informal political talk through the lens of public sphere ideals.The aim of this chapter is to detail and discuss this growing body of research and its significance. First, I begin by discussing what scholars mean by political talk and why it is thought to be essential for (a more deliberative) democracy. Following this, the major findings to date are set out focusing specifically on three of the most common features of political talk investigated by scholars in the field. I discuss scholarly disagreement and offer my thoughts and critical reflection on the topic. Finally, the chapter ends with several recommendations for future research into informal political talk in the Internet-based public sphere.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7369446" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="489fcfbbe540e490c800d71cf3c40dad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34025573,"asset_id":7369446,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34025573/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7369446 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7369446"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7369446, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7369446", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7369446]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7369446").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7369446").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7369446"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">175</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media">New Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="933" type="text/json">{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1118" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Participation">Political Participation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1118" type="text/json">{"id":1118,"name":"Political Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Participation?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7369446]'), work: {"id":7369446,"title":"Everyday political talk in the internet-based public sphere","created_at":"2014-06-16T18:48:30.548-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7369446/Everyday_political_talk_in_the_internet_based_public_sphere?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_7369446","summary":"Ever since the advent of the Internet, political communication scholars have debated its potential to facilitate and support public deliberation as a means of revitalizing and extending the public sphere. 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Engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Political_Engagement?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1949933,"name":"Online Conversation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Conversation?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35993412" data-work_id="35993412" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35993412/Brave_Net_World_the_Internet_as_a_disinformation_superhighway">Brave.Net.World: the Internet as a disinformation superhighway?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">When you see it coming... but nobody listens: this paper was given at a conference in in 1995 and published in 1996. Twenty years later, unfortunately I was right. Luciano Floridi, (1996) "Brave.Net.World: the Internet as a disinformation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35993412" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When you see it coming... but nobody listens: this paper was given at a conference in in 1995 and published in 1996. Twenty years later, unfortunately I was right.<br />Luciano Floridi, (1996) "Brave.Net.World: the Internet as a disinformation superhighway?", The Electronic Library, Vol. 14 Issue: 6, pp.509-514, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/eb045517" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1108/eb045517</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35993412" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a2ff4716f76b723dedd743bd400f81a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55878813,"asset_id":35993412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55878813/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6616" href="https://yale.academia.edu/LucianoFloridi">Luciano Floridi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6616" type="text/json">{"id":6616,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Floridi","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"LucianoFloridi","display_name":"Luciano Floridi","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/LucianoFloridi?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6616/2546/117746817/s65_luciano.floridi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35993412 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35993412"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35993412, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35993412", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/7150147/Closing_the_gap_Twitter_as_an_instrument_for_connected_representation">Closing the gap? Twitter as an instrument for connected representation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this chapter, we present a typology of the tweeting behaviour of candidates as a means of analysing the extent to which politicians are harnessing the potential of social media to actively interact with their constituents. Our... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7150147" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this chapter, we present a typology of the tweeting behaviour of candidates as a means of analysing the extent to which politicians are harnessing the potential of social media to actively interact with their constituents. Our research, which included content analysis of tweets (n = 13,637) from all the Conservative and Labour tweeting candidates during the 2010 U.K. General Election, focused on four aspects of tweets: type (normal post,  interaction, retweet, retweet with comment); interaction (with, e.g. a politician, journalist, citizen); function (e.g. updating, promoting, advice giving, debating); and topic. Additionally, a qualitative reading on the use of personal tweets was carried out. By examining candidates’ tweeting behaviour, we show that British politicians still mainly use Twitter as a unidirectional form of communication. They are neglecting the possibility this social network offers for, what we call, connected representation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7150147" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b53968366f063553d2c7baa962f08294" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33784640,"asset_id":7150147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33784640/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-7150147">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-7150147"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarinHazelhoff">Karin Hazelhoff</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://rug.academia.edu/MarcelBroersma">Marcel Broersma</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-7150147'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-7150147').html(); 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By examining candidates’ tweeting behaviour, we show that British politicians still mainly use Twitter as a unidirectional form of communication. They are neglecting the possibility this social network offers for, what we call, connected representation. 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data-card-contents-for-ri="6749" type="text/json">{"id":6749,"name":"Cultural Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13958" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media">Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13958" type="text/json">{"id":13958,"name":"Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20602" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies">China studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20602" type="text/json">{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=614380]'), work: {"id":614380,"title":"網絡生命政治在中國的浮現The emergence of 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Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Transformation?f_ri=20694"},{"id":76848,"name":"New Media and Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media_and_Democracy?f_ri=20694"},{"id":130200,"name":"Internet Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Democracy?f_ri=20694"},{"id":130207,"name":"Tiziana Terranova","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tiziana_Terranova?f_ri=20694"},{"id":130208,"name":"Nick Dyer-Witheford","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nick_Dyer-Witheford?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44886779" data-work_id="44886779" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44886779/Programa_da_disciplina_Pol%C3%ADticas_da_Internet">Programa da disciplina: Políticas da Internet</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neste curso discutiremos (1) a atividade de regulação discursiva por companhias privadas-com a moderação do conteúdo que circula online realizada por humanos e/ou inteligência artificial-incluindo características, limites e possíveis... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44886779" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neste curso discutiremos (1) a atividade de regulação discursiva por companhias privadas-com a moderação do conteúdo que circula online realizada por humanos e/ou inteligência artificial-incluindo características, limites e possíveis arranjos institucionais; (2) as novas problemáticas na sociedade digital envolvendo questões de gênero e raça, como o desenvolvimento de deep fakes para ofensas, manipulação e divulgação não autorizada de imagens íntimas (revenge porn), além dos imbróglios que concernem o uso de visão computacional e racismo algorítmico, como as tecnologias de reconhecimento facial (3) as campanhas de desinformação (fake news) e de ataques coordenados e suas implicações para a construção de um ambiente online saudável. Perpassaremos, em todos os debates, (i) documentos e orientações internacionais sobre as temáticas mencionadas; (ii) legislações domésticas contemporâneas-tais como o PL 2630/2020 (apelidado "PL das 'Fake News'"), a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD), além de leis que tratam especificamente de violências digitais, como a "Lei Lola" e a "Lei Carolina Dieckmann"-que buscam, respectivamente, trazer às plataformas responsabilidade e transparência, empoderar usuários e combater violências de gênero no ambiente digital; (iii) possibilidades alternativas de enfrentamento para as problemáticas apontadas e soluções alternativas de controvérsias jurídicas; (iv) modelo multistakeholder de governança da internet; 1.2 Carga horária total 30h/aula-15 encontros 1.3 Objetivos Gerais Em um cenário de crescimento das regulações privadas sobre o conteúdo que circula online por plataformas digitais-como Facebook, Google e Twitter-, a atividade tem como objetivo possibilitar ao alunato uma visão geral sobre temas relevantes que envolvem debates sobre Direito, Sociedade e Internet. A partir da discussão de marcos legislativos e de decisões judiciais, visa capacitá-lo para uma compreensão mais atenta e técnica sobre os conflitos de direitos que permeiam as interações sociais na internet.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44886779" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a0cc3b964d9c09d7f4c70261b0611be9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65403117,"asset_id":44886779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65403117/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63860051" href="https://fgv.academia.edu/YasminCurzi">Yasmin Curzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63860051" type="text/json">{"id":63860051,"first_name":"Yasmin","last_name":"Curzi","domain_name":"fgv","page_name":"YasminCurzi","display_name":"Yasmin Curzi","profile_url":"https://fgv.academia.edu/YasminCurzi?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63860051/18934213/67624121/s65_yasmin.curzi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44886779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44886779"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44886779, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44886779", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44886779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44886779; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44886779"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44886779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44886779"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44886779; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44886779]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44886779").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44886779").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44886779"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Internet politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20694" type="text/json">{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69058" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_and_Democracy">Social Media and Democracy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69058" type="text/json">{"id":69058,"name":"Social Media and Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_and_Democracy?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44886779]'), work: {"id":44886779,"title":"Programa da disciplina: Políticas da Internet","created_at":"2021-01-12T02:05:09.676-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44886779/Programa_da_disciplina_Pol%C3%ADticas_da_Internet?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_44886779","summary":"Neste curso discutiremos (1) a atividade de regulação discursiva por companhias privadas-com a moderação do conteúdo que circula online realizada por humanos e/ou inteligência artificial-incluindo características, limites e possíveis arranjos institucionais; (2) as novas problemáticas na sociedade digital envolvendo questões de gênero e raça, como o desenvolvimento de deep fakes para ofensas, manipulação e divulgação não autorizada de imagens íntimas (revenge porn), além dos imbróglios que concernem o uso de visão computacional e racismo algorítmico, como as tecnologias de reconhecimento facial (3) as campanhas de desinformação (fake news) e de ataques coordenados e suas implicações para a construção de um ambiente online saudável. Perpassaremos, em todos os debates, (i) documentos e orientações internacionais sobre as temáticas mencionadas; (ii) legislações domésticas contemporâneas-tais como o PL 2630/2020 (apelidado \"PL das 'Fake News'\"), a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD), além de leis que tratam especificamente de violências digitais, como a \"Lei Lola\" e a \"Lei Carolina Dieckmann\"-que buscam, respectivamente, trazer às plataformas responsabilidade e transparência, empoderar usuários e combater violências de gênero no ambiente digital; (iii) possibilidades alternativas de enfrentamento para as problemáticas apontadas e soluções alternativas de controvérsias jurídicas; (iv) modelo multistakeholder de governança da internet; 1.2 Carga horária total 30h/aula-15 encontros 1.3 Objetivos Gerais Em um cenário de crescimento das regulações privadas sobre o conteúdo que circula online por plataformas digitais-como Facebook, Google e Twitter-, a atividade tem como objetivo possibilitar ao alunato uma visão geral sobre temas relevantes que envolvem debates sobre Direito, Sociedade e Internet. A partir da discussão de marcos legislativos e de decisões judiciais, visa capacitá-lo para uma compreensão mais atenta e técnica sobre os conflitos de direitos que permeiam as interações sociais na internet.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65403117,"asset_id":44886779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63860051,"first_name":"Yasmin","last_name":"Curzi","domain_name":"fgv","page_name":"YasminCurzi","display_name":"Yasmin Curzi","profile_url":"https://fgv.academia.edu/YasminCurzi?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63860051/18934213/67624121/s65_yasmin.curzi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":69058,"name":"Social Media and Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media_and_Democracy?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4625692" data-work_id="4625692" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4625692/Political_Culture_on_the_National_Web_The_Role_of_Political_Culture_in_Online_Political_Activity_and_the_Case_of_Hungarian_Politics_on_Facebook">Political Culture on the National Web: The Role of Political Culture in Online Political Activity and the Case of Hungarian Politics on Facebook</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">(Master's thesis) The emerging field of national web studies aims to offer new perspectives on studying the internet: it calls for framing the internet not as a global and virtual entity but one which comprises multiple heterogeneous... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4625692" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">(Master's thesis) The emerging field of national web studies aims to offer new perspectives on studying the internet: it calls for framing the internet not as a global and virtual entity but one which comprises multiple heterogeneous layers embedded in social contexts. The national web as an object of study describes layers of this sort, focusing on web spaces that are demarcated by national lines. In this thesis, I propose an approach to analyse national webs as well as demonstrate its usefulness. I argue that national identity and other political beliefs and values have a considerable impact on the formation and workings of the national web, and therefore the political culture approach can be a great asset in investigating political activity online. After conceptualizing the role of political culture in the national web as well as the influence of the internet on different political beliefs, I show how Hungarian political culture in particular shapes and is shaped by political activity on Facebook.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4625692" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e0a77a8d356be37f8d70cf08eb47869" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31980891,"asset_id":4625692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31980891/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3235567" href="https://uu.academia.edu/LindaBorzsei">Linda Börzsei</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3235567" type="text/json">{"id":3235567,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Börzsei","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"LindaBorzsei","display_name":"Linda Börzsei","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/LindaBorzsei?f_ri=20694","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4625692 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4625692"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4625692, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4625692", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4625692]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4625692").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4625692").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4625692"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5559" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Culture">Political Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5559" type="text/json">{"id":5559,"name":"Political Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Culture?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13872" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook">Facebook</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13872" type="text/json">{"id":13872,"name":"Facebook","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Internet politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20694" type="text/json">{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="81896" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hungary">Hungary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="81896" type="text/json">{"id":81896,"name":"Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hungary?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4625692]'), work: {"id":4625692,"title":"Political Culture on the National Web: The Role of Political Culture in Online Political Activity and the Case of Hungarian Politics on Facebook","created_at":"2013-09-29T22:19:35.167-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4625692/Political_Culture_on_the_National_Web_The_Role_of_Political_Culture_in_Online_Political_Activity_and_the_Case_of_Hungarian_Politics_on_Facebook?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_4625692","summary":"(Master's thesis) The emerging field of national web studies aims to offer new perspectives on studying the internet: it calls for framing the internet not as a global and virtual entity but one which comprises multiple heterogeneous layers embedded in social contexts. The national web as an object of study describes layers of this sort, focusing on web spaces that are demarcated by national lines. In this thesis, I propose an approach to analyse national webs as well as demonstrate its usefulness. I argue that national identity and other political beliefs and values have a considerable impact on the formation and workings of the national web, and therefore the political culture approach can be a great asset in investigating political activity online. After conceptualizing the role of political culture in the national web as well as the influence of the internet on different political beliefs, I show how Hungarian political culture in particular shapes and is shaped by political activity on Facebook.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31980891,"asset_id":4625692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3235567,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Börzsei","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"LindaBorzsei","display_name":"Linda Börzsei","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/LindaBorzsei?f_ri=20694","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5559,"name":"Political Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Culture?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":13872,"name":"Facebook","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":81896,"name":"Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hungary?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7149988" data-work_id="7149988" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7149988/Whats_Wife_Swap_got_to_do_with_it_Talking_politics_in_the_net_based_public_sphere">What's Wife Swap got to do with it? Talking politics in the net-based public sphere</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this study then is to move beyond politically oriented discussion forums by also examining the communicative practices of participants within fan-based forums. The focus is on how participants talk politics in online informal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7149988" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this study then is to move beyond politically oriented discussion forums by also examining the  communicative practices of participants within fan-based forums. The focus is on how participants talk politics in online informal discussion forums. By informal discussion forums, I am referring to those forums that are not bound to any formal predetermined agendas such as e-consultations or e-juries, but rather to forums who’s primary purpose is to simply provide a communicative space for talk, e.g. fan-based discussion forums, news media message boards, and Usenet newsgroups. By political talk, I am referring to everyday, informal, political conversation carried out freely between participants in these online spaces, which is often spontaneous and lacks any purpose outside the purpose of talk for talk sake, representing the practical communicative form of what Habermas (1984, p. 327) calls communicative action. It is through this type of everyday political talk whereby citizens achieve mutual understanding about the self and each other, and it represents the fundamental ingredient of the public sphere. <br /> <br />The purpose of this study first is a normative one; it is to examine the democratic quality of this fundamental ingredient, of the communicative practices of participants within online discussions forums in light of a set of normative conditions of the public sphere. It is also to move beyond a formal notion of deliberation (beyond rationality via argumentation) by providing a more accurate account of how the political emerges in online discussions (particularly within nonpolitically oriented forums), how people actually talk politics in those discussions, and finally, how alternative communicative forms such as humor, emotional comments, and acknowledgements interact and influence the more ‘traditional’ elements of deliberation (e.g. rational-critical debate and reciprocity). Consequently, I present the following three research questions, which are central to this study: <br /> <br />To what extent do the communicative practices of online political discussions satisfy the normative conditions of the process of deliberation of the public sphere? <br /> <br />What role, if any, do expressives (humor, emotional comments, and acknowledgements) play within online political discussions and in relation to the normative conditions of deliberation? <br /> <br />How does political talk emerge in nonpolitically oriented discussion forums? <br /> <br />Together, the answers to these questions present a more comprehensive account of online political talk. They seek not only to offer insight into the quality of such talk, but also to provide a better understanding of its expressive and affective nature. Moreover, they seek to improve our understanding of how political talk occurs outside the realm of politically oriented discussion forums, and how it emerges in such communicative spaces. Therefore, in order to answer these questions and provide this insight, I examine and compare political talk within three online discussion forums of the Guardian, Big Brother, and Wife Swap. A comparative study design with normative, descriptive, and explorative characteristics was utilized. A content analysis with both qualitative and quantitative features was employed as the primary instrument for examination. Additional textual and network analyses were carried out to provide more depth to the investigation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7149988" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e946b7a9e5ce4bad668b2b0dcc9a123" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33784578,"asset_id":7149988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33784578/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7149988 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7149988"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7149988, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7149988", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7149988]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7149988").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7149988").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7149988"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">175</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media">New Media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="933" type="text/json">{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7149988]'), work: {"id":7149988,"title":"What's Wife Swap got to do with it? Talking politics in the net-based public sphere","created_at":"2014-05-25T00:05:35.294-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7149988/Whats_Wife_Swap_got_to_do_with_it_Talking_politics_in_the_net_based_public_sphere?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_7149988","summary":"The aim of this study then is to move beyond politically oriented discussion forums by also examining the communicative practices of participants within fan-based forums. The focus is on how participants talk politics in online informal discussion forums. By informal discussion forums, I am referring to those forums that are not bound to any formal predetermined agendas such as e-consultations or e-juries, but rather to forums who’s primary purpose is to simply provide a communicative space for talk, e.g. fan-based discussion forums, news media message boards, and Usenet newsgroups. By political talk, I am referring to everyday, informal, political conversation carried out freely between participants in these online spaces, which is often spontaneous and lacks any purpose outside the purpose of talk for talk sake, representing the practical communicative form of what Habermas (1984, p. 327) calls communicative action. It is through this type of everyday political talk whereby citizens achieve mutual understanding about the self and each other, and it represents the fundamental ingredient of the public sphere.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this study first is a normative one; it is to examine the democratic quality of this fundamental ingredient, of the communicative practices of participants within online discussions forums in light of a set of normative conditions of the public sphere. It is also to move beyond a formal notion of deliberation (beyond rationality via argumentation) by providing a more accurate account of how the political emerges in online discussions (particularly within nonpolitically oriented forums), how people actually talk politics in those discussions, and finally, how alternative communicative forms such as humor, emotional comments, and acknowledgements interact and influence the more ‘traditional’ elements of deliberation (e.g. rational-critical debate and reciprocity). Consequently, I present the following three research questions, which are central to this study:\r\n\r\nTo what extent do the communicative practices of online political discussions satisfy the normative conditions of the process of deliberation of the public sphere?\r\n\r\nWhat role, if any, do expressives (humor, emotional comments, and acknowledgements) play within online political discussions and in relation to the normative conditions of deliberation?\r\n\r\nHow does political talk emerge in nonpolitically oriented discussion forums?\r\n\r\nTogether, the answers to these questions present a more comprehensive account of online political talk. They seek not only to offer insight into the quality of such talk, but also to provide a better understanding of its expressive and affective nature. Moreover, they seek to improve our understanding of how political talk occurs outside the realm of politically oriented discussion forums, and how it emerges in such communicative spaces. Therefore, in order to answer these questions and provide this insight, I examine and compare political talk within three online discussion forums of the Guardian, Big Brother, and Wife Swap. A comparative study design with normative, descriptive, and explorative characteristics was utilized. A content analysis with both qualitative and quantitative features was employed as the primary instrument for examination. Additional textual and network analyses were carried out to provide more depth to the investigation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33784578,"asset_id":7149988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":934,"name":"Media and Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1118,"name":"Political Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Participation?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1297,"name":"Democratic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Education?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1571,"name":"Television Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Television_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture?f_ri=20694"},{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":3143,"name":"Audience Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Audience_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":3256,"name":"Online Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Communities?f_ri=20694"},{"id":3510,"name":"Virtual Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Communities?f_ri=20694"},{"id":4567,"name":"Civic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civic_Education?f_ri=20694"},{"id":5340,"name":"Jurgen Habermas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurgen_Habermas?f_ri=20694"},{"id":5392,"name":"Internet research methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_research_methods?f_ri=20694"},{"id":5401,"name":"Computer-Mediated Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication?f_ri=20694"},{"id":5583,"name":"Audience and Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Audience_and_Reception_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":6423,"name":"Media 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are mediated through communication technologies, how activists deploy strategies for changing the structures of media systems,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35185459" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This new edited collection brings together leading scholars and activists to explore how varieties of activism are mediated through communication technologies, how activists deploy strategies for changing the structures of media systems, and how governments and corporations seek to police media activism. From memes to zines, hacktivism to artivism, Media Activism in the Digital Age considers activist practices involving both older kinds of media and newer digital, social, and network-based forms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35185459" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7dad63f0b1c91b4dee79c25bd27721c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55046163,"asset_id":35185459,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55046163/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="251508" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="251508" type="text/json">{"id":251508,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Pickard","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"VictorPickard","display_name":"Victor Pickard","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/251508/2254604/22955663/s65_victor.pickard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35185459 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35185459"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35185459, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35185459", }); 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Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Culture?f_ri=20694"},{"id":7480,"name":"Surveillance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance_Studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":8264,"name":"Community Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":8281,"name":"Media Activism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Activism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":8994,"name":"Social Activism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Activism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":11010,"name":"Communication Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Theory?f_ri=20694"},{"id":13872,"name":"Facebook","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook?f_ri=20694"},{"id":13873,"name":"Twitter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Twitter?f_ri=20694"},{"id":16416,"name":"Internet \u0026 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Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":174108,"name":"Indymedia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indymedia?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36683141" data-work_id="36683141" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36683141/Breaking_Facebooks_Grip_Published_in_The_Nation_May_21_">Breaking Facebook's Grip (Published in The Nation, May 21)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Cambridge Analytica scandal helped kick-start an overdue conversation about monopoly power, its pernicious effects on society, and government’s role in stopping it. With implications far beyond Facebook, a precious opportunity for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36683141" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Cambridge Analytica scandal helped kick-start an overdue conversation about monopoly power, its pernicious effects on society, and government’s role in stopping it. With implications far beyond Facebook, a precious opportunity for structural reform has opened.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36683141" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="670a230e4cf16c3a71386efd65a24427" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56620605,"asset_id":36683141,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56620605/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="251508" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="251508" type="text/json">{"id":251508,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Pickard","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"VictorPickard","display_name":"Victor Pickard","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/251508/2254604/22955663/s65_victor.pickard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36683141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36683141"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36683141, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36683141", }); 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History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_and_History?f_ri=20694"},{"id":501614,"name":"Media and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Culture?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1412400" data-work_id="1412400" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1412400/The_Internet_and_democratic_discourse_Exploring_the_prospects_of_online_deliberative_forums_extending_the_public_sphere">The Internet and democratic discourse: Exploring the prospects of online deliberative forums extending the public sphere</a></div></div><div 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u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Internet politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20694" type="text/json">{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50225" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/e-Democracy">e-Democracy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50225" type="text/json">{"id":50225,"name":"e-Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/e-Democracy?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51682" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Democracy">Digital Democracy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51682" type="text/json">{"id":51682,"name":"Digital 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href="https://www.academia.edu/7929553/SOCIAL_MEDIA_AS_BEAT_Tweets_as_news_source_during_the_2010_British_and_Dutch_elections">SOCIAL MEDIA AS BEAT: Tweets as news source during the 2010 British and Dutch elections</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While the newspaper industry is in crisis and less time and resources are available for newsgathering, social media turn out to be a convenient and cheap beat for (political) journalism. This article investigates the use of Twitter as a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7929553" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While the newspaper industry is in crisis and less time and resources are available for newsgathering, social media turn out to be a convenient and cheap beat for (political) journalism. This article investigates the use of Twitter as a source for newspaper coverage of the 2010 British and Dutch elections. Almost a quarter of the British and nearly half of the Dutch candidates shared their thoughts, visions, and experiences on Twitter. Subsequently, these tweets were increasingly quoted in newspaper coverage. We present a typology of the functions tweets have in news reports: they were either considered newsworthy as such, were a reason for further reporting, or were used to illustrate a broader news story. Consequently, we will show why politicians were successful in producing quotable tweets. While this paper, which is part of a broader project on how journalists (and politicians) use Twitter, focuses upon the coverage of election campaigns, our results indicate a broader trend in journalism. In the future, the reporter who attends events, gathers information face-to-face, and asks critical questions might instead aggregate information online and reproduce it in journalism discourse thereby altering the balance of power between journalists and sources.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7929553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92d6cc003302b84dbb44a74f000aa9b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34407948,"asset_id":7929553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34407948/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-7929553">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-7929553"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://rug.academia.edu/MarcelBroersma">Marcel Broersma</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-7929553'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-7929553').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7929553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7929553"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7929553; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7929553]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7929553").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7929553").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7929553"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">184</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="671" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music">Music</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="671" type="text/json">{"id":671,"name":"Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="796" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="796" type="text/json">{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7929553]'), work: {"id":7929553,"title":"SOCIAL MEDIA AS BEAT: Tweets as news source during the 2010 British and Dutch elections","created_at":"2014-08-10T17:38:02.600-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7929553/SOCIAL_MEDIA_AS_BEAT_Tweets_as_news_source_during_the_2010_British_and_Dutch_elections?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_7929553","summary":"While the newspaper industry is in crisis and less time and resources are available for newsgathering, social media turn out to be a convenient and cheap beat for (political) journalism. This article investigates the use of Twitter as a source for newspaper coverage of the 2010 British and Dutch elections. Almost a quarter of the British and nearly half of the Dutch candidates shared their thoughts, visions, and experiences on Twitter. Subsequently, these tweets were increasingly quoted in newspaper coverage. We present a typology of the functions tweets have in news reports: they were either considered newsworthy as such, were a reason for further reporting, or were used to illustrate a broader news story. Consequently, we will show why politicians were successful in producing quotable tweets. While this paper, which is part of a broader project on how journalists (and politicians) use Twitter, focuses upon the coverage of election campaigns, our results indicate a broader trend in journalism. 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Digital Media and Politics; Citizen Engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Politics_Digital_Media_and_Politics_Citizen_Engagement?f_ri=20694"},{"id":2254171,"name":"Docs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Docs?f_ri=20694"},{"id":2254172,"name":"Polical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polical?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1412436" data-work_id="1412436" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1412436/Democratic_Visions_Commercial_Realities">Democratic Visions, Commercial Realities?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1412436" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e13d0c8c33ab63b62bb66113492b3368" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":9594898,"asset_id":1412436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/9594898/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="649123" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LincolnDahlberg">Lincoln Dahlberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="649123" type="text/json">{"id":649123,"first_name":"Lincoln","last_name":"Dahlberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LincolnDahlberg","display_name":"Lincoln Dahlberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LincolnDahlberg?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/649123/484027/761891/s65_lincoln.dahlberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1412436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1412436"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1412436, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1412436", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1412436]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1412436").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1412436").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1412436"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics">Internet politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20694" type="text/json">{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Political_economy_of_the_media">Critical Political economy of the media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124892" type="text/json">{"id":124892,"name":"Critical Political economy of the media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Political_economy_of_the_media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1412436]'), work: {"id":1412436,"title":"Democratic Visions, Commercial Realities?","created_at":"2012-02-19T14:26:32.145-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1412436/Democratic_Visions_Commercial_Realities?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_1412436","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":9594898,"asset_id":1412436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":649123,"first_name":"Lincoln","last_name":"Dahlberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LincolnDahlberg","display_name":"Lincoln Dahlberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LincolnDahlberg?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/649123/484027/761891/s65_lincoln.dahlberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":124892,"name":"Critical Political economy of the media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Political_economy_of_the_media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6114336" data-work_id="6114336" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6114336/Defining_Algorithmic_Ideology_Using_Ideology_Critique_to_Scrutinize_Corporate_Search_Engines">Defining Algorithmic Ideology: Using Ideology Critique to Scrutinize Corporate Search Engines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article conceptualizes “algorithmic ideology” as a valuable tool to understand and critique corporate search engines in the context of wider socio-political developments. Drawing on critical theory it shows how capitalist... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6114336" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article conceptualizes “algorithmic ideology” as a valuable tool to understand and critique corporate search engines in the context of wider socio-political developments. Drawing on critical theory it shows how capitalist value-systems manifest in search technology, how they spread through algorithmic logics and how they are stabilized in society. Following philosophers like Althusser, Marx and Gramsci it elaborates how content providers and users contribute to Google’s capital accumulation cycle and exploitation schemes that come along with it. In line with contemporary mass media and neoliberal politics they appear to be fostering capitalism and its “commodity fetishism” (Marx). It further reveals that the capitalist hegemony has to be constantly negotiated and renewed. This dynamic notion of ideology opens up the view for moments of struggle and counter-actions. “Organic intellectuals” (Gramsci) can play a central role in challenging powerful actors like Google and their algorithmic ideology. To pave the way towards more democratic information technology, however, requires more than single organic intellectuals. Additional obstacles need to be conquered, as I finally discuss.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6114336" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24e1c80c2f7a3ca1c2941fca3dd7172e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33020533,"asset_id":6114336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33020533/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="452636" href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/AstridMager">Astrid Mager</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="452636" type="text/json">{"id":452636,"first_name":"Astrid","last_name":"Mager","domain_name":"oeaw","page_name":"AstridMager","display_name":"Astrid Mager","profile_url":"https://oeaw.academia.edu/AstridMager?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/452636/147713/171661/s65_astrid.mager.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6114336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6114336"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6114336, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6114336", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6114336]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6114336").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6114336").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6114336"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies">Internet Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1759" type="text/json">{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology">Ideology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5780" type="text/json">{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9705" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism">Capitalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9705" type="text/json">{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6114336]'), work: {"id":6114336,"title":"Defining Algorithmic Ideology: Using Ideology Critique to Scrutinize Corporate Search Engines","created_at":"2014-02-17T19:19:33.323-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6114336/Defining_Algorithmic_Ideology_Using_Ideology_Critique_to_Scrutinize_Corporate_Search_Engines?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_6114336","summary":"This article conceptualizes “algorithmic ideology” as a valuable tool to understand and critique corporate search engines in the context of wider socio-political developments. Drawing on critical theory it shows how capitalist value-systems manifest in search technology, how they spread through algorithmic logics and how they are stabilized in society. Following philosophers like Althusser, Marx and Gramsci it elaborates how content providers and users contribute to Google’s capital accumulation cycle and exploitation schemes that come along with it. In line with contemporary mass media and neoliberal politics they appear to be fostering capitalism and its “commodity fetishism” (Marx). It further reveals that the capitalist hegemony has to be constantly negotiated and renewed. This dynamic notion of ideology opens up the view for moments of struggle and counter-actions. “Organic intellectuals” (Gramsci) can play a central role in challenging powerful actors like Google and their algorithmic ideology. To pave the way towards more democratic information technology, however, requires more than single organic intellectuals. Additional obstacles need to be conquered, as I finally discuss.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33020533,"asset_id":6114336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":452636,"first_name":"Astrid","last_name":"Mager","domain_name":"oeaw","page_name":"AstridMager","display_name":"Astrid Mager","profile_url":"https://oeaw.academia.edu/AstridMager?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/452636/147713/171661/s65_astrid.mager.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":26817,"name":"Algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithm?f_ri=20694"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=20694"},{"id":35838,"name":"Search Engines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_Engines?f_ri=20694"},{"id":40400,"name":"Google","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Google?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2109324" data-work_id="2109324" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2109324/Writing_research_Critically_Developing_the_power_to_make_a_difference_its_all_about_creating_countervailing_discourses_practices_and_forms_of_organisation_to_bring_about_change_">Writing research Critically. Developing the power to make a difference (it's all about creating countervailing discourses, practices and forms of organisation to bring about change )</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Jill Schostak and I wrote this book as part of our evolving interest in doing research radically. By radically we mean engaging with people's voices to learn how to create the conditions for social justice and for democratising all the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2109324" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Jill Schostak and I wrote this book as part of our evolving interest in doing research radically.  By radically we mean engaging with people's voices to learn how to create the conditions for social justice and for democratising all the organisations of everyday life.  We draw on our own research but also on the ways in which the media is used to shaw people's voices and behaviours.  We explore all the ways in which the desires and demands of elites are inscribed upon minds and bodies as well as how writing may create the conditions for counter inscriptions.  Writing research is to engage politically.  Whether it is the Arab Spring re-inscribing hopes for freedom, the Occupy Movement or young people challenging orthodoxies at home or in classrooms through use of the media, it is the power of writing in its broadest sense that makes the difference.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2109324" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1f7f8e1dc35e6a729ecf59ca8828fa7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30268227,"asset_id":2109324,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30268227/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1172933" href="https://mmu.academia.edu/JohnSchostak">John Schostak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1172933" type="text/json">{"id":1172933,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Schostak","domain_name":"mmu","page_name":"JohnSchostak","display_name":"John Schostak","profile_url":"https://mmu.academia.edu/JohnSchostak?f_ri=20694","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2109324 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2109324"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2109324, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2109324", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/74713821/Russias_Cyber_and_Information_Warfare">Russia's Cyber and Information Warfare</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Russia&amp;#39;s exercise of cyberpower forms an integral part of the far broader concept known as information warfare. The key principle of the Russian approach to information warfare, including cyber activities, is that information is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74713821" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Russia&amp;#39;s exercise of cyberpower forms an integral part of the far broader concept known as information warfare. The key principle of the Russian approach to information warfare, including cyber activities, is that information is the most important object of operations, independent of the channel through which it is transmitted. The aim is to control-or weaponize-information in whatever form it takes. Thus, &amp;quot;cyber&amp;quot; in particular is just a technical representation of information. In short, in Russia&amp;#39;s comprehensive approach to the information domain, cyber is not a stand-alone discipline. This principle underpins all Russian efforts to extract, exfiltrate, manipulate, distort, or insert information. Alongside cyber activities, the channels available for doing this are as diverse as using fake or real news media to plant disinformation, trolling campaigns, issuing official government statements, giving speeches at rallies or demonstrations, posting defamatory online videos, and sending direct text messages. Russian information activities are not limited to cyberspace. Rather than using the term &amp;quot;cyberspace,&amp;quot; Russian officials refer to &amp;quot;information space,&amp;quot; which includes both computer and human information processing. This essay starts with an explanation of the terminological, doctrinal, and practical distinguishing features of Russian cyber activities as part of information warfare. It goes on to look at a number of Russia&amp;#39;s agencies and capabilities involved in the prosecution of cyber activities, both offensive and defensive. In conclusion, the essay emphasizes the main implication of this distinctive approach: the need for nations to prepare a broad range of defenses against Russia&amp;#39;s holistic approach to offensive cyber, information warfare, and other forms of hostile online activity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74713821" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="257331" href="https://conflictstudies.academia.edu/KeirGiles">Keir Giles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="257331" type="text/json">{"id":257331,"first_name":"Keir","last_name":"Giles","domain_name":"conflictstudies","page_name":"KeirGiles","display_name":"Keir Giles","profile_url":"https://conflictstudies.academia.edu/KeirGiles?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/257331/197752/31563098/s65_keir.giles.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74713821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74713821"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74713821, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74713821", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74713821]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74713821").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74713821").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74713821"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1283" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security">Information Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1283" type="text/json">{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence">Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2674" type="text/json">{"id":2674,"name":"Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74713821]'), work: {"id":74713821,"title":"Russia's Cyber and Information Warfare","created_at":"2022-03-27T11:44:42.938-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74713821/Russias_Cyber_and_Information_Warfare?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_74713821","summary":"Russia\u0026amp;#39;s exercise of cyberpower forms an integral part of the far broader concept known as information warfare. The key principle of the Russian approach to information warfare, including cyber activities, is that information is the most important object of operations, independent of the channel through which it is transmitted. The aim is to control-or weaponize-information in whatever form it takes. Thus, \u0026amp;quot;cyber\u0026amp;quot; in particular is just a technical representation of information. In short, in Russia\u0026amp;#39;s comprehensive approach to the information domain, cyber is not a stand-alone discipline. This principle underpins all Russian efforts to extract, exfiltrate, manipulate, distort, or insert information. Alongside cyber activities, the channels available for doing this are as diverse as using fake or real news media to plant disinformation, trolling campaigns, issuing official government statements, giving speeches at rallies or demonstrations, posting defamatory online videos, and sending direct text messages. Russian information activities are not limited to cyberspace. Rather than using the term \u0026amp;quot;cyberspace,\u0026amp;quot; Russian officials refer to \u0026amp;quot;information space,\u0026amp;quot; which includes both computer and human information processing. This essay starts with an explanation of the terminological, doctrinal, and practical distinguishing features of Russian cyber activities as part of information warfare. It goes on to look at a number of Russia\u0026amp;#39;s agencies and capabilities involved in the prosecution of cyber activities, both offensive and defensive. In conclusion, the essay emphasizes the main implication of this distinctive approach: the need for nations to prepare a broad range of defenses against Russia\u0026amp;#39;s holistic approach to offensive cyber, information warfare, and other forms of hostile online activity.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":257331,"first_name":"Keir","last_name":"Giles","domain_name":"conflictstudies","page_name":"KeirGiles","display_name":"Keir Giles","profile_url":"https://conflictstudies.academia.edu/KeirGiles?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/257331/197752/31563098/s65_keir.giles.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":2674,"name":"Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":4810,"name":"Information Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare?f_ri=20694"},{"id":11337,"name":"Cyber Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyber_Warfare?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=20694"},{"id":46738,"name":"Cybersecurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62551,"name":"Internet and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":346639,"name":"Intelligence and security studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_and_security_studies?f_ri=20694"},{"id":831496,"name":"Cybersecurity policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity_policy?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7150088" data-work_id="7150088" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7150088/What_s_reality_television_got_to_do_with_it_Talking_politics_in_the_net_based_public_sphere">What’s reality television got to do with it? Talking politics in the net-based public sphere</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this chapter is to see whether online discussion forums dedicated to popular culture (reality TV) provide a communicative space, content and style for politics that extends the public sphere. Given their typically casual,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7150088" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this chapter is to see whether online discussion forums dedicated to popular culture (reality TV) provide a communicative space, content and style for politics that extends the public sphere. Given their typically casual, chatty and frivolous nature, we might assume that political talk doesn’t emerge in such spaces, and if it does, it would fall well short of the type of talk crucial to the public sphere. To what extent does political talk emerge in such spaces? If so, do such forums fulfil the requirements of rationality and ‘decent’ deliberation? Given the nature of the forums, the analysis moves beyond a formal notion of deliberation by also taking into account the use of expressive speech acts: emotion, humour and acknowledgements. What role do ‘expressives’ play within online political talk and how do they impact the normative conditions of deliberation? Moreover, comparing these spaces with a space dedicated to high politics – the Guardian political discussion forum – allows us to see whether, as critics would expect, deliberative talk is taking place in the one and emotional and irrational talk in the other.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7150088" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fce8c471d5835be2df7e1c6a7a38206b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33784594,"asset_id":7150088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33784594/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7150088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7150088"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7150088, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7150088", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7150088]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7150088").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7150088").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7150088"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">181</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media">New Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="933" type="text/json">{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="934" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_Studies">Media and Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="934" type="text/json">{"id":934,"name":"Media and Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7150088]'), work: {"id":7150088,"title":"What’s reality television got to do with it? Talking politics in the net-based public sphere","created_at":"2014-05-25T00:08:09.413-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7150088/What_s_reality_television_got_to_do_with_it_Talking_politics_in_the_net_based_public_sphere?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_7150088","summary":"The aim of this chapter is to see whether online discussion forums dedicated to popular culture (reality TV) provide a communicative space, content and style for politics that extends the public sphere. Given their typically casual, chatty and frivolous nature, we might assume that political talk doesn’t emerge in such spaces, and if it does, it would fall well short of the type of talk crucial to the public sphere. To what extent does political talk emerge in such spaces? If so, do such forums fulfil the requirements of rationality and ‘decent’ deliberation? Given the nature of the forums, the analysis moves beyond a formal notion of deliberation by also taking into account the use of expressive speech acts: emotion, humour and acknowledgements. What role do ‘expressives’ play within online political talk and how do they impact the normative conditions of deliberation? Moreover, comparing these spaces with a space dedicated to high politics – the Guardian political discussion forum – allows us to see whether, as critics would expect, deliberative talk is taking place in the one and emotional and irrational talk in the other. 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sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_internet_and_the_public_sphere?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1947997,"name":"Online Lifestyle Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Lifestyle_Communities?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1947997,"name":"Online Lifestyle Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Lifestyle_Communities?f_ri=20694"},{"id":1948104,"name":"Online Political Engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Political_Engagement?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40106559" data-work_id="40106559" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40106559/The_Ubiquitous_Media_War">The Ubiquitous Media War</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The goal of this chapter is to explore media war dynamics in an age of ubiquitous, interactive, and many-to-many digital networks and platforms. By attending to the dialectics of change and continuity in the recent history of media war... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40106559" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The goal of this chapter is to explore media war dynamics in an age of ubiquitous, interactive, and many-to-many digital networks and platforms. By attending to the dialectics of change and continuity in the recent history of media war and exploring how the dynamics of media war today are quite different from those  which characterized the bygone age of scarcity, mass transmissive, and few-to-many TV broadcasting, this chapter theorizes and interrogates the early twenty first century’s “ubiquitous media war.” It conceptualizes the ubiquitous media war as one in which many actors use many devices and platforms to interactively produce, distribute, exhibit, and consume a glut of content (e.g., texts, images, videos, films, TV shows, video games, likes, shares, retweets and more) about the circumstances, happening and events of a real war, anytime and anywhere. To this end, the first section offers a brief review of relevant political economy of communications and critical media studies literature on the topic of war, militarism, and the media. The second section centers on a shift from “mass media war” to ubiquitous media war as occurring in the space between the “Shock and Awe” that launched “Operation Iraqi Freedom” (2003–2011) and the present US war against ISIS in Iraq, or “Operation Inherent Resolve” (2014– present). The third section highlights seven significant characteristics of the ubiquitous media war. It shows the ubiquitous media war to be ubiquitous with regard to: (1) sources of content; (2) workers; (3) types of stories; (4) access points; (5) time; (6) space; and (7) data. Overall, the chapter aims to periodize , conceptualize and clarify the new conditions and characteristics of ubiquitous media war to problematize old paradigms that put the military-media complex in total “command and control” of modern media wars.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40106559" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="760d8f44b7df036c22ab18da00f63ef6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60318000,"asset_id":40106559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60318000/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5096679" href="https://uoit.academia.edu/TannerMirrlees">Tanner Mirrlees</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5096679" type="text/json">{"id":5096679,"first_name":"Tanner","last_name":"Mirrlees","domain_name":"uoit","page_name":"TannerMirrlees","display_name":"Tanner Mirrlees","profile_url":"https://uoit.academia.edu/TannerMirrlees?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5096679/2228911/102872531/s65_tanner.mirrlees.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40106559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40106559"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40106559, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40106559", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40106559]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40106559").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40106559").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40106559"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3356" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda">Propaganda</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3356" type="text/json">{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3872" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies">War Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3872" type="text/json">{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4810" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare">Information Warfare</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4810" type="text/json">{"id":4810,"name":"Information Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40106559]'), work: {"id":40106559,"title":"The Ubiquitous Media War","created_at":"2019-08-17T08:19:40.602-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40106559/The_Ubiquitous_Media_War?f_ri=20694","dom_id":"work_40106559","summary":"The goal of this chapter is to explore media war dynamics in an age of ubiquitous, interactive, and many-to-many digital networks and platforms. By attending to the dialectics of change and continuity in the recent history of media war and exploring how the dynamics of media war today are quite different from those which characterized the bygone age of scarcity, mass transmissive, and few-to-many TV broadcasting, this chapter theorizes and interrogates the early twenty first century’s “ubiquitous media war.” It conceptualizes the ubiquitous media war as one in which many actors use many devices and platforms to interactively produce, distribute, exhibit, and consume a glut of content (e.g., texts, images, videos, films, TV shows, video games, likes, shares, retweets and more) about the circumstances, happening and events of a real war, anytime and anywhere. To this end, the first section offers a brief review of relevant political economy of communications and critical media studies literature on the topic of war, militarism, and the media. The second section centers on a shift from “mass media war” to ubiquitous media war as occurring in the space between the “Shock and Awe” that launched “Operation Iraqi Freedom” (2003–2011) and the present US war against ISIS in Iraq, or “Operation Inherent Resolve” (2014– present). The third section highlights seven significant characteristics of the ubiquitous media war. It shows the ubiquitous media war to be ubiquitous with regard to: (1) sources of content; (2) workers; (3) types of stories; (4) access points; (5) time; (6) space; and (7) data. Overall, the chapter aims to periodize , conceptualize and clarify the new conditions and characteristics of ubiquitous media war to problematize old paradigms that put the military-media complex in total “command and control” of modern media wars.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60318000,"asset_id":40106559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5096679,"first_name":"Tanner","last_name":"Mirrlees","domain_name":"uoit","page_name":"TannerMirrlees","display_name":"Tanner Mirrlees","profile_url":"https://uoit.academia.edu/TannerMirrlees?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5096679/2228911/102872531/s65_tanner.mirrlees.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":4810,"name":"Information Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare?f_ri=20694","nofollow":false},{"id":5213,"name":"Militarism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarism?f_ri=20694"},{"id":7369,"name":"Political communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication?f_ri=20694"},{"id":11010,"name":"Communication Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Theory?f_ri=20694"},{"id":20694,"name":"Internet politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":36236,"name":"War and the Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_and_the_Media?f_ri=20694"},{"id":41862,"name":"Cyberwarfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberwarfare?f_ri=20694"},{"id":62551,"name":"Internet and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_politics?f_ri=20694"},{"id":74580,"name":"Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq_War?f_ri=20694"},{"id":288128,"name":"War Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Propaganda?f_ri=20694"},{"id":330221,"name":"Netwar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netwar?f_ri=20694"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12221326 coauthored" data-work_id="12221326" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12221326/A_Tale_of_Two_Stories_from_Below_the_Line_Comment_Fields_at_the_Guardian">A Tale of Two Stories from “Below the Line”: Comment Fields at the Guardian</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article analyzes the nature of debate on “below the line” comment fields at the United Kingdom’s Guardian, and how, if at all, such debates are impacting journalism practice. The article combines a content analysis of 3,792 comments... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12221326" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article analyzes the nature of debate on “below the line” comment fields at the United Kingdom’s Guardian, and how, if at all, such debates are impacting journalism practice. The article combines a content analysis of 3,792 comments across eighty-five articles that focused on the UN Climate Change Summit, with ten interviews with journalists, two with affiliated commentators, plus the community manager. The results suggest a more positive picture than has been found by many existing studies: Debates were often deliberative in nature, and journalists reported that it was positively impacting their practice in several ways, including providing new story leads and enhanced critical reflection. However, citizen–journalist debate was limited. The results are attributed to the normalization of comment fields into everyday journalism practice, extensive support and encouragement from senior management, and a realization that comment fields can actually make the journalists’ life a little easier.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12221326" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a92b615e7c7c5ebe84c1852ed427b0e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37497607,"asset_id":12221326,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37497607/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12221326">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12221326"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/ScottWright">Scott Wright</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12221326'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12221326').html(); 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7771075/Analysing_Super_Participation_in_Online_Third_Spaces">Analysing ‘Super-Participation’ in Online Third Spaces</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter focuses on our attempts to overcome the methodological challenges of 'super-participation' in online discussion forums, focusing on the participatory patterns and discursive activity of what we call 'super-participants'. Our... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7771075" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter focuses on our attempts to overcome the methodological challenges of 'super-participation' in online discussion forums, focusing on the participatory patterns and discursive activity of what we call 'super-participants'. Our principal contribution in this area (Graham and Wright 2013) focuses on the <a href="http://www.moneysavingexpert.com" rel="nofollow">www.moneysavingexpert.com</a> (MSE) discussion forum. It is one of the largest forums in the United Kingdom and has received nearly 30 million posts. Until recently, the forum (and broader website and email list) was owned by the finance guru and campaigner Martin Lewis. We used a large-scale quantitative content analysis that covered all of the users, alongside a detailed qualitative, hand-coded content analysis. While smaller in scale, this still required a large number of posts to be analysed, and this raises its own challenges. <br /> <br />In this chapter, we first discuss why active minorities (that is, super-participants) are typically framed negatively by reviewing the normative frameworks commonly used to analyse online political talk. Second, we present a typology for identifying and categorising super-participants, a framework that can be used to conceptualise super-participation in online forums. Third, we explain and describe the methods that we developed for analysing super-participants. As relative novices to the scraping of data, we explain some of the challenges that we faced, as well as how we eventually overcame them. We then outline our qualitative approach and provide some methodological insight for future research on super-participation. Finally, we discuss the methodological implications of our work.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7771075" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d5056cf5eba20186f89072e5e6bf2c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34283771,"asset_id":7771075,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34283771/download_file?st=MTczMzI5NjkyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11819014" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham">Todd Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11819014" type="text/json">{"id":11819014,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ToddGraham","display_name":"Todd Graham","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ToddGraham?f_ri=20694","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11819014/3410208/4156015/s65_todd.graham.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-7771075">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-7771075"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/ScottWright">Scott Wright</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-7771075'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-7771075').html(); 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