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River">Ongi River</a>, 160 km south of the <a href="/wiki/Orkhon_inscriptions" title="Orkhon inscriptions">Orkhon inscriptions</a> and 402 km south-west of the <a href="/wiki/Tonyukuk_inscriptions" title="Tonyukuk inscriptions">Tonyukuk inscriptions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-clauson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clauson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 177">: 177 </span></sup> It was erected in honor of <a href="/wiki/Ashina_Duoxifu" title="Ashina Duoxifu">El Etmish Yabgu</a>. Line 12 makes it clear that the author of the inscription erected a memorial to his father.<sup id="cite_ref-clauson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clauson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 183">: 183 </span></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Clauson" title="Gerard Clauson">Gerard Clauson</a>, it must have been erected between 716 and 735, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Bilge_Qaghan" title="Bilge Qaghan">Bilge Qaghan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-clauson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clauson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 191">: 191 </span></sup> According to Ercilasun it was erected in 719 or 720.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ongin_inscription&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ongin inscription was discovered in 1891, in <a href="/wiki/Outer_Mongolia" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a> on the Manet mountains, near a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Ongi_River" title="Ongi River">Ongi River</a>, from which it takes its name, at a point a little north-east of 46° N., 102° E., that is about 100 miles south of the Orkhon Inscriptions and some 250 miles west-southwest of the inscription of Tonyukuk.<sup id="cite_ref-clauson_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clauson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_and_translation">Discovery and translation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ongin_inscription&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discovery and translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ongi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ongi2.jpg/220px-Ongi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="453" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ongi2.jpg/330px-Ongi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ongi2.jpg/440px-Ongi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Ongin inscription</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Region">Region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ongin_inscription&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was found in district Maantyn Burd, the northwest coast of <a href="/wiki/Ongi_River" title="Ongi River">Ongi River</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C3%96v%C3%B6rkhangai_Province" title="Övörkhangai Province">Övörkhangai Province</a> of Mongolia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complete_text">Complete text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ongin_inscription&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Complete text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following inscription text transcription and translation derived from latest research made by Osawa Takashi in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="font-style:italic"> <table> <tbody><tr valign="bottom"> <td> <p><b>Transcription of original text:</b><br /> äčümiz apamïz:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yama qaγan:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tört buluŋuγ : qïsmïš # : yïgmïš : yaymïš : basmïš : ol qan : yoq : boltuqda : kesrä : elyitmiš : qačïš(mïš) : qa : ... altmïš : tägmiš : ... : elbägler : tabγač : qaγanladuq qaγanïn ïčγïnï : ïdmïš : türk bodun:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> öŋ # rä : kün : tuγsuqïŋa:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kesrä : kün : batsïqïŋa : tägi : beriyä : tabγačqa:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yïraya : yïšqa(tä)g(i) : ... : qazγantuq : üčün : ol qïz oγlïn körti : alp ärin : balbal : qïšdï : türk bodun : atï yoq : bolu : barmïš : ärti : türk bodun : yitmäzün : teyin : yulïr ärmäzün : teyin : üzä : täŋri : temiš : ärig : ... nt a : ... : qapγan : elteriš : qaγan : eliŋä : qïlïntïm:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eletmïš yabγu:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oγlï # : ïšbara : tamγan čor : yoγa : inisi : bilgä : ïšbara : tamγan : tarqan : yoγa : atï : beš : yetmiš : äčim atïm : at... : sü : äsiŋ : oγlï : tamγan bu : tabγačda : yïriyä : täg<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oγuz : ara : yeti ärin : yaγï : # bolmïš : qaŋïm<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> baγa : täŋrikän : yanïnta : yorïmïš : išig : küčin : bermiš : ärtmiš : (käl)[miš)... : tarduš : boltuqda : täŋrikänkä išig bertiŋ : teyin : yarlïqamïš : šad atïγ : ant # a : bermiš : boltuqda : toquz : oγuz : täg : yaγï : ärmiš : bädük : är(miš :) qaγan : täg(miš) ... : biz bädük biz : biz bat biz : biz : yavïz bat biz : azïγ üküšüg : körtüg : irti : sülätim # : ter ärmiš : amtï bäglärïm a : ter : ärmiš : biz : az biz : teyin al # qïnur : (ärtimiz) : ... : yorïyïn : sü : süläyïn : qaŋïm : š(ad) : anča : ötünmiš : täŋrikän : almazïn teyin # : ... : bodun : anta bermäziŋ ä : tusul är ... : (atačïm a) ... d ... qamuq balïqqa : (tägdim) : qonuldïm : altïm : süsi : kälti : arqasï#n : yaγdïm : bägi : qačdï : / š / γ ärti : tabγač bodunï : ... : toqïdtïm : yaγdïm : bas(dïm : yaydïm :) ... buzuq anča : ... : ...mäz : ärïnč : išig küčig bert(im) : ... kälir : ärtimiz : ekin ara : täg yaγï : bolmïš : tägmäči # män teyin : saqïntïm : täŋri bilgä : qaγanqa : ančaqïŋa : išig küčüg : bersägim : bar : ärmiš : ärinč : tägdük(in) (üčün) ... # äbimä tägdüküm : ur elï qaŋ elï : adrïlmalïm : täyin : qaγanda : adrïlmaz : teyin : tägdim : tägip : inima : oγlïma : anča : ötlädim : qaŋ : yorïp : elteriš qaγanqa # : adrïlmaduq : yaŋïlmaduq : täŋri : bilgä : qaγanta : adrïlmalïm : azmalïm : teyin : anča : ötlädim : ilgärü barïγma : bardï # : bilgä qaγan : bodunï ... : bardï # : ölügin : atqa : išig küčig : bertim : adrïlmaz : teyin : tägdim : üzä : täŋri : qan : lüi : yïlqa : yetinč:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ay küčlüg : alp är : qaγanïmda : adrïlu : bardïŋïz : bilgä : atačïm : yoγuŋ : qorïγïŋïn : qazγantïm : el yetti : täŋri : üzä : täŋrikän : ... (tabγa)č körür : ärtim : ädgü : atačïm : ... : toqïdïmïz : äčim boyla : ... girtim : ... basatïp ärig : udušuru : sančdïm : ... išig : küčig: kü... ičün : ...dim : ... atačïm : ... : ...n : täg : ïšbara : tarqanïγ : ... # elteriš : qaγan : ...<br /> <b>Transcription of the text in south side of the headstone:</b><br /> atačïmqa : bitig : tašï qïldïm : bäŋigü qaγanïm : atačïm bilgä : atačïm : lü yïlqa : bilgä : uluγ : alp är : ädgü qan:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atačïm : ölti <br /><b>Transcription of text on balbal:</b><br /> Ïsbara Tamγan balbalï<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>English translation:</b><br /> It was said that our ancestor, our forefather Yama Qaγan compressed, assembled, enlarged and made a surprise attack on the four corners (of the world). It was said that when that qaγan died, his people lost their way and they were scattered. And it is said that he organized the peoples and attacked to ... It is said that leaders (Begs) of the Turkic country completely lost the qaγan whom the Tabγač (i. e. Chinese) had made their ruler. Up to the front (eastern) side where sun rises, up to the black (western) side where sun sets, up to the right (southern) side where the Tabgach existed, up to the left (northern) side where the wooden Mountains existed, Turkic peoples were victorious (against the ... and ...) His daughters and sons (i. e. Turkic daughters and sons) served him (literally, he saw his daughters and sons). They constructed brave warriors as Balbal stones. "The fame of the Turkic peoples has vanished. You, Turkic peoples, don't go to ruin!" and "You, Turkic peoples, don't scatter", the God Täŋri said above. They ... warriors ... there ... I was born in the country of Qapγan, Elteriš Qaγan. I was a son of Eletmiš Yabγu, and the younger brother of Ïšbara Tamγan Čor Yoγa, and I had the name of Bilgä Ïšbara Tamγan Tarqan Yoγa. (I and) my 65 uncles younger than my father and nephews (or grandsons), ... , "Make the military go ahead in a hurry!". It was said that his son Tamγan became the enemy with the seven warriors among Oγuz tribes up to the northern regions of this Tabγač (China). It was narrated that my father went to march taking side with Baγa Täŋrikän, and he served (Baγa Täŋrikän) and he has passed. ... , when he became Tarduš, "You served the Täŋrikän" it was said that (Täŋrikän) told and appointed him a title of Šad at that time. It was said when he became Šad, he opposed up to the Toquz Oγuz. It was said (the enemy) was strong. It was said that Qaγan went ahead. ... "We are strong. We don't have advantage. We are in a bad way and worthy very little. You have seen how few we are and how many they are. They were annoyed. We marched", he had said. "Now, my lords (begs), ah!" he had said. "We are small forth, aren't we" he said and "We were exhausted ... , I want to march, I want our army to march" said he. And my father Šad addressed as follows, "Don't let Täŋrikän plunder!" said he. ... And "My peoples, you don't give him something from here, ah. Please be useful! ... My dear father, you, ah" I attacked all cities, and I settled down. His army came (against me). Then i attacked from behind, the lord (beg) escaped, and they were ... The Tabγač people did ... , I made (my army) attack and I attacked (them). I overwhelmed and broke into pieces. (They) fell into ... , then it is certain that they did not ... I served (him) ... , We came and we became enemies against them as far as to the location between the two groups. "I am not willing to attack (them)" I thought. I have a desire to serve Täŋri Bilgä Qaγan at least, certainly. They attacked me ... I went to my house. "The people of sons' generation and fathers' generation (of my family), you, don't be apart" said and "Let us not be apart from the Qaγan" said and I marched. I attacked, and I advised my little brothers and my sons as follows: "My father marched ahead and he did not make a mistake against Elteriš Qaγan". "Let us not be apart from Täŋri Bilgä Qaγan and not leave him." said I and also said as follows: "Ones who went ahead went. The peoples of Bilgä Qaγan went away, ... Regarding death in battle as an honour, I served him. Let us not be apart (from him)", I marched ahead. Over, Täŋri Qan, you went away separating from my Qaγan that was strong and brave warrior in June of the Lüi (Dragon) year, my dear and wise father! I could hold funeral services for you and I got your pasture. He organized his country. Over the sky Täŋrikän and the China were subjugated. ... I subjugated the China. My dear and good father! ... We attacked. My uncle, Boyla ... He entered (or He was subjugated) ... I made attack (the enemy ?), and then ran after him and speared him. ... (I) served ... I did ... my dear father ... ïsbara tarqan such as ... elteriš qaγan ... <br /><b>Translation of the text in south side of the headstone:</b><br /> For my dear father, stone epitaph i constructed. Eternal, my qaγan, my dear father, wise and my dear father, in the lü (dragon) year, wise, great and brave warrior, good qan, my dear father died. <br /><b>Translation of text on balbal:</b><br /> Balbal of Ïsbara Tamγan </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ongin_inscription&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An expression Ečü+müz : apa+mïz – is often met on literary monuments, means «Ата+мыз –our grand father, үлкен+іміз –our elder». In the <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh language</a>, <i>ana</i> means aged woman, mother, elder sister and above mentioned use in ancient turkic language in combination «апа, әже» is still kept. In ancient mongolian language in words «ečige > эцэг» (grand father, father), «abu> аав» (father) the root of the word had been kept. In saryg-yugur language (yellow uygurs) «аба» means әке (father), «абқа»- ата (grand father), «абу»- туыс (relative). Malov S.E. The language of the yellow Uyghurs. Alma-Ata, 1957, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jаmï : qaγan : Yiamy kagan is often identified as <i><a href="/wiki/Yami_Qaghan" title="Yami Qaghan">Yìlì Zhēndòu Qǐmín Kěhàn</a></i>, (Baumer 2016:324) first Khagan of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern Turkic Khaganate</a>, who ruled from 599-614 or 603-606. W.Radloff identifies Yiamy kagan with Bumyn kagan, founder of the <a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a>, basing on similarities of letter signs "<b>b</b>" and "<b>y</b>". (H.N.Orkhun); Bumyn kagan (S.E Malov), G.Aidarov, Yamï qaγan – (T.Tekin), Yamï qaγan – (L.Bold), I.Markwart, Yiamy kagan – is Bumyn//Tumyn, i.e.Ili-khan Tumyn (Il-khan i.e. ruler of people – N.Bichurin). the name of this kagan is not attested on other literary monuments.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Budun means «бүтін (whole), бой (height), толық (stout), дене (body), тұлға (trunk), ірі кесек (large)» are the derivatives of a morpheme boy-//bod-//bud-//büt. In modern kazakh language is kept in forms «бой (height), бүтін (whole), биік (tall), бұдан (from here)». «Түрік бұдұн» - ethno-cultural word meaning “the whole turkic people with large trunk comparing themselves with small chinese- tabgaches”.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On ancient turks tradition a door of a yurta was put from the eastern part. The parts of the world people also called facing to the east. Thus the right side (оң) - south (оңтүстік), left side (сол) – north (солтүстік), and behind in the back – west.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabγač – chinese. In IV-Vi centuries AD. “Tabgaches // Tobaces” – nomadic ethnos, which ruled “north chinese” state of Vei (386–534). They are fully mixed with chinese, that is why ancient turks called all chinese people as tabgaches. Also “kidan // china” – the name of a nomadic ethnos, ruled the settled part of “chinese”.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Qïlïntïm – is usually translated as “was born”, “brought up”, it also has a meaning “served, worked”.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yabγu – yabgu – title of a ruler after kagan, responsible for ethno-political power of Turkic El.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are scientists, who did not translate the word “at eg” : (in 5-6-lines) marked as (tag?,tig ?- W.Radloff), but some scientists explain «beg» as (begs-oguzes – S.Malov, K.Sartkozha), «teg» as (sraight, before – H.Orkhun), («Atig» ethnic name – T.Tekin), «tig» as (“strong” – A.S.Amanzholov). There is no reason to consider this expression as some ethnic name. The lines on the monument “ekin ara : at eg yaγï : bolmuš : ” (10-line), “at eg : yaγï : ermiš : ” (5,6-lines) probably mean “the horserider was an enemy”.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The word Аqaŋïm lately is read as qaŋïm (father). In modern kazakh language is kept in forms 1. aqa > ake > father; 2. qaqa > qake > köke > ake > и aqa > elder brother</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ülüi : yïlqa : jetinč ay - ұлу : жылғы : жетiншi ай (the seventh month of a dragon year) – we think that it is 682 – 716. On twelve years animal circle of chronology 631, 643, 655, 667, 679, 691, 703, 716, 728, 740, 752, 764 ... correspond to a dragon year. If pay attention to facts that Ilteris kagan ruled in 682–691, Kapagan kagan – in 691 – 716, then it can be determined, that Ongin monument was established between 682 and 716. Exactly in 703.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Esbara Tamgan Chur Yoga – (bitikshi) a creator of the monument Ongin. That is why he wrote alp er : edgü qan : Atačïm : ölti : (ұлық алып ер : игi хан : Атачым : өлдi : - a great glorious man : respectful khan : my grandfather : died. These lines in previous researches were translated as külüg er : edgü qan : tačam : ölti : (glorious man, noble khan Tacham died – W.Radloff, S.Malov, H.N.Orkhun (“даңқты ер игi хан аташым өлдi – the glorious man, respectful khan : my grandfather : died”- T.Tekin, G.Aidarov, L.Bold). If to believe the photos taken by N.M.Yadrintzev then is not clear why W.Radloff read the letter signs uluγ alp er : as külüg er : (uluγ alp er – A.S.Amanzholov, K.Sartkozha.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is carved words \'Esbara : Tarqan : balbalï\' on one of balbals of the monument complex. Bilge Esbara Tamgan Tarkhan is brother of late Il Etmish Yabgu, who participated in the process of mourning (yoγï). Here the investigation of the word <i>balbal</i>, which is met not often in texts of turkic written language and it is thought that balbal is a funeral stone of each killed enemy by a dead person some scientists consider, that balbals were purposefully established for tethering horses during funeral procession, mourning and funeral repast. The word balbal consists of repeated words bal+bal > balbal and means straightly put, stuck into the ground stones. The word <i>balbal</i> has similar root with the words as balγa (балға - hammer), balta (балта - axe), bal- (соғу – to beat, қағу – to drive in, ұру – to hit), balïq (1. балшық - clay, батпақ - marsh, лай - mud; 2. қала - city, қорған - fortification, қамал - fortress) and others and has general semantic meaning “to stay in a row, to pierce, to be erected”. There are Ongin lines on a literary monument Alp : erin : balbal : qïsdï : (алып : ердiң : балбалы (н) : көтерді//қадады –glorious man : established// pierces). It should be said here that tamga of kagan’s family on balbals from the Ongin complex means that these are not the funeral stones of killed enemies, in the contrary, people, participated in the process of mourning (yoγï) set these balbals, hoping that they would help the spirit of the late to fly away to the Sky (uča bar – fled away) and set them up one by one towards east.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ongin_inscription&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Clauson, G. (1957). The Ongin Inscription. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</li> <li>Tekin T. (1968). A grammar of Orkhon Turkic.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ongin_inscription&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-clauson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-clauson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-clauson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-clauson_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-clauson_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGerard_Clauson1957" class="citation journal cs1">Gerard Clauson (October 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/ongin-inscription/4A638BE409D50878754D53AFE9F2DB33">"The Ongin Inscription"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>89</b> (<span class="nowrap">3–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">177–</span>192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0035869X00115825">10.1017/S0035869X00115825</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163494827">163494827</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=The+Ongin+Inscription&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E192&rft.date=1957-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0035869X00115825&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163494827%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Gerard+Clauson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fjournal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fongin-inscription%2F4A638BE409D50878754D53AFE9F2DB33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOngin+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ercilasun, (1985), p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Takashi Osawa - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sgr.fi/susa/93/osawa.pdf">Revisiting the Ongi inscription of Mongolia from the Second Turkic Qaghanate on the basis of rubbings by G. J. Ramstedt</a>; <i>Journal de la Société Finno-Ougrienne</i> (<i>Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja</i>); 2011; pp. 183</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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title="Qilibi Khan">Qilibi Qaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebi_Khan" title="Chebi Khan">Chebi Qaghan</a></li></ul> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Ashina_Jiesheshuai" title="Ashina Jiesheshuai">Ashina Jiesheshuai</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Ashina_Funian" title="Ashina Funian">Ashina Funian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Ashina_She%27er" title="Ashina She'er">Ashina She'er</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Ashina_Nishufu" title="Ashina Nishufu">Ashina Nishufu</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashide_Wenfu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashide Wenfu (page does not exist)">Ashide Wenfu</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashide_Fengji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashide Fengji (page does not exist)">Ashide Fengji</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Ashina_Shibobi" title="Ashina Shibobi">Ashina Shibobi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilterish_Qaghan" title="Ilterish Qaghan">Ilterish Qaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qapaghan_Qaghan" title="Qapaghan Qaghan">Qapaghan Qaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inel_Qaghan" title="Inel Qaghan">Inel Qaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilg%C3%A4_Qa%C7%A7an" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilgä Qaǧan">Bilgä Qaǧan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoll%C4%B1g_Khagan" title="Yollıg Khagan">Yollıg Khagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengri_Qaghan" title="Tengri Qaghan">Tengri Qaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutluk_Yabgu_Khagan" title="Kutluk Yabgu Khagan">Kutluk Yabgu Khagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zmi%C5%9F_Khagan" title="Özmiş Khagan">Özmiş Khagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_Shi" title="Ashina Shi">Ashina Shi</a></li></ul> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Ashina_Duoxifu" title="Ashina Duoxifu">Ashina Duoxifu</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Kulun_Beg" title="Kulun Beg">Kulun Beg</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Kul_Tigin" title="Kul Tigin">Kul Tigin</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Tonyukuk" title="Tonyukuk">Tonyukuk</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qutlu%C4%9F_S%C3%A4b%C3%A4g_Qatun" title="Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun">Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/El_Bilga_Khatun" title="El Bilga Khatun">El Bilga Khatun</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Turks">Western Turks</a><br />under <a href="/wiki/Jimi_system" title="Jimi system">Jimi system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Kunling Protectorate</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_Mishe" title="Ashina Mishe">Ashina Mishe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_Yuanqing" title="Ashina Yuanqing">Ashina Yuanqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_Xian" title="Ashina Xian">Ashina Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_Zhen" title="Ashina Zhen">Ashina Zhen</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Mengchi Protectorate</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_Buzhen" title="Ashina Buzhen">Ashina Buzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_Huseluo" title="Ashina Huseluo">Ashina Huseluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_Huaidao" title="Ashina Huaidao">Ashina Huaidao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashina_Xin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashina Xin (page does not exist)">Ashina Xin</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Anxi_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Anxi Protectorate">Anxi Protectorate</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhara_Yabghus" title="Tokhara Yabghus">Tokhara Yabghus</a> (625-758)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Turk Shahis</a> (665–870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Göktürk culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asena" title="Asena">Asena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otuken" class="mw-redirect" title="Otuken">Otuken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab">Suyab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurultai" title="Kurultai">Kurultai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Turkic language">Old Turkic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkhon_inscriptions" title="Orkhon inscriptions">Orkhon inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkhon_Valley" title="Orkhon Valley">Orkhon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoroon_Bumbagar_tomb" title="Shoroon Bumbagar tomb">Shoroon Bumbagar tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Tang_military" title="Turks in the Tang military">Turks in the Tang military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cl%C3%BC%C5%9F_system" title="Ülüş system">Ülüş system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonyukuk_inscriptions" title="Tonyukuk inscriptions">Tonyukuk inscriptions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ongin inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altyn_Tamgan_Tarhan_inscription" title="Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription">Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_bodun" title="Qara bodun">Qara bodun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Göktürk wars<br /> and battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gol-Zarriun" title="Battle of Gol-Zarriun">Battle of Gol-Zarriun/Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk%E2%80%93Persian_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Göktürk–Persian wars">Göktürk–Persian wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Perso-Turkic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Perso-Turkic War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Perso-Turkic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Perso-Turkic War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Perso-Turkic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Perso-Turkic War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo%E2%80%93Tang_War" title="Goguryeo–Tang War">Goguryeo–Tang War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk_civil_war" title="Göktürk civil war">Göktürk civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_campaign_against_the_Eastern_Turks" title="Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks">Tang Eastern Turk campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong%27s_campaign_against_Xueyantuo" title="Emperor Taizong's campaign against Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_campaigns_against_the_Western_Turks" title="Tang campaigns against the Western Turks">Tang Western Turk campaigns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Western_Turks" title="Conquest of the Western Turks">Conquest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Khitans#The_Li-Sun_rebellion_and_the_Turks" title="History of the Khitans">Li-Sun rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bolchu" title="Battle of Bolchu">Battle of Bolchu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad_(prince)" title="Shad (prince)">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegin" title="Tegin">Tegin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabghu" title="Yabghu">Yabghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghatur" title="Baghatur">Bagha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boila" title="Boila">Boyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudun" title="Tudun">Tudun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Beg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">Khatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarkhan" title="Tarkhan">Tarkhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishad" title="Ishad">Ishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elteber" title="Elteber">Elteber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk_family_tree" title="Göktürk family tree">Göktürk family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_tribe" title="Ashina tribe">Ashina tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashide" title="Ashide">Ashide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_inscriptions143" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_inscriptions" title="Template:Turkic inscriptions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_inscriptions" title="Template talk:Turkic inscriptions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_inscriptions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic inscriptions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_inscriptions143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Turkic inscriptions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghur_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oghur languages">Oghur Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Late Avar</a> period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Als%C3%B3szentmih%C3%A1ly_inscription" title="Alsószentmihály inscription">Alsószentmihály inscription</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Szarvas_inscription" title="Szarvas inscription">Szarvas inscription</a></i><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buyla_inscription" title="Buyla inscription">Buyla inscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian Turkic">Siberian Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orkhon_inscriptions" title="Orkhon inscriptions">Orkhon inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonyukuk_inscriptions" title="Tonyukuk inscriptions">Tonyukuk inscriptions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ongin inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altyn_Tamgan_Tarhan_inscription" title="Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription">Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choiti-Tamir_inscriptions" title="Choiti-Tamir inscriptions">Choiti-Tamir inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabalgasun_inscription" title="Karabalgasun inscription">Karabalgasun inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCkhbaatar_inscriptions" title="Sükhbaatar inscriptions">Sükhbaatar inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariat_inscriptions" title="Tariat inscriptions">Tariat inscriptions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kul-chur_inscription" title="Kul-chur inscription">Kul-chur inscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Inscriptions" title="Yenisei Inscriptions">Yenisei Inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegest_inscription" title="Elegest inscription">Elegest inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyuk-Tarlak_inscription" title="Uyuk-Tarlak inscription">Uyuk-Tarlak inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyuk_Turan_Inscription" title="Uyuk Turan Inscription">Uyuk Turan Inscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timurids" class="mw-redirect" title="Timurids">Timurids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karsakpay_inscription" title="Karsakpay inscription">Karsakpay inscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombogor_inscription" title="Bombogor inscription">Bombogor inscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Turkic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="First_Turkic_Khaganate26" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bugut_inscription" title="Bugut inscription">Bugut inscription</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inscription_of_H%C3%BCis_Tolgoi" title="Inscription of Hüis Tolgoi">Inscription of Hüis Tolgoi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>Presumably Turkic</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ongin_inscription&oldid=1232410149">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ongin_inscription&oldid=1232410149</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Mongolia" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Mongolia">Archaeological sites in Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1891_archaeological_discoveries" title="Category:1891 archaeological discoveries">1891 archaeological discoveries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_inscriptions" title="Category:8th-century inscriptions">8th-century inscriptions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk_inscriptions" title="Category:Göktürk inscriptions">Göktürk inscriptions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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