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The one whom the judges find guilty must pay back double to his neighbor.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/exodus/22-9.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/19/02_Exo_22_09.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Exodus 22:9 - Property Laws" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any lost item that someone claims, 'This is mine,' both parties shall bring their cases before the judges. 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The one whom the judges declare guilty must pay back double to the other. <a href="/nlt/exodus/22.htm">New Living Translation</a> “Suppose there is a dispute between two people who both claim to own a particular ox, donkey, sheep, article of clothing, or any lost property. Both parties must come before God, and the person whom God declares guilty must pay double compensation to the other. <a href="/esv/exodus/22.htm">English Standard Version</a> For every breach of trust, whether it is for an ox, for a donkey, for a sheep, for a cloak, or for any kind of lost thing, of which one says, ‘This is it,’ the case of both parties shall come before God. The one whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor. <a href="/bsb/exodus/22.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any lost item that someone claims, ‘This is mine,’ both parties shall bring their cases before the judges. The one whom the judges find guilty must pay back double to his neighbor. <a href="/kjv/exodus/22.htm">King James Bible</a> For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, which another challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour. <a href="/nkjv/exodus/22.htm">New King James Version</a> “For any kind of trespass, whether it concerns an ox, a donkey, a sheep, or clothing, or for any kind of lost thing which another claims to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whomever the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor. <a href="/nasb_/exodus/22.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> For every breach of trust, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any lost thing about which one says, ‘This is it,’ the case of both parties shall come before the judges; he whom the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor. <a href="/nasb/exodus/22.htm">NASB 1995</a> &#8220For every breach of trust, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any lost thing about which one says, &#8216This is it,&#8217 the case of both parties shall come before the judges; he whom the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor. <a href="/nasb77/exodus/22.htm">NASB 1977 </a> “For every breach of trust, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any lost thing about which one says, ‘This is it,’ the case of both parties shall come before the judges; he whom the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor. <a href="/lsb/exodus/22.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> For every breach of trust, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any lost thing about which one says, ‘This is it,’ the case of both parties shall come before the judges; he whom the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor. <a href="/amp/exodus/22.htm">Amplified Bible</a> For every offense involving property, whether it concerns ox, donkey, sheep, clothing, or any piece of lost property, which another identifies as his, the case of both parties shall come before the judges [who act in God’s name]. Whomever the judges pronounce guilty shall pay double to his neighbor. <a href="/csb/exodus/22.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> In any case of wrongdoing involving an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or anything else lost, and someone claims, ‘That’s mine,’ the case between the two parties is to come before the judges. The one the judges condemn must repay double to his neighbor. <a href="/hcsb/exodus/22.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> In any case of wrongdoing involving an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or anything else lost, and someone claims, &#8216That&#8217s mine,&#8217 the case between the two parties is to come before the judges. The one the judges condemn must repay double to his neighbor.&#8221 <a href="/asv/exodus/22.htm">American Standard Version</a> For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith, This is it, the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbor. <a href="/cev/exodus/22.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> Suppose two people claim to own the same ox or donkey or sheep or piece of clothing. Then the judges must decide the case, and the guilty person will pay the owner double. <a href="/erv/exodus/22.htm">English Revised Version</a> For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith, This is it, the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbour. <a href="/gwt/exodus/22.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> If there is a dispute over the ownership of a bull, a donkey, a sheep, an article of clothing, or any [other] lost property which two people claim as their own, both people must bring their case to God. The one whom God declares guilty must make up for his neighbor's loss with double the amount. <a href="/gnt/exodus/22.htm">Good News Translation</a> "In every case of a dispute about property, whether it involves cattle, donkeys, sheep, clothing, or any other lost object, the two people claiming the property shall be taken to the place of worship. The one whom God declares to be guilty shall pay double to the other one. <a href="/isv/exodus/22.htm">International Standard Version</a> "In every ownership dispute involving an ox, donkey, sheep, garment, or anything that is lost where a person says, 'This is mine,' the case between the two of them is to come before the judges, and the one that the judges declare guilty is to repay double to his neighbor. <a href="/msb/exodus/22.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any lost item that someone claims, ?This is mine,? both parties shall bring their cases before the judges. The one whom the judges find guilty must pay back double to his neighbor. <a href="/net/exodus/22.htm">NET Bible</a> In all cases of illegal possessions, whether for an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any kind of lost item, about which someone says 'This belongs to me,' the matter of the two of them will come before the judges, and the one whom the judges declare guilty must repay double to his neighbor. <a href="/nheb/exodus/22.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, 'This is mine,' the cause of both parties shall come before God. He whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor. <a href="/wbt/exodus/22.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing which another challengeth to be his: the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and he whom the judges shall condemn, shall pay double to his neighbor. <a href="/web/exodus/22.htm">World English Bible</a> For every matter of trespass, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, ‘This is mine,’ the cause of both parties shall come before God. He whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/exodus/22.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> For every matter of transgression, for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for raiment, for any lost thing of which it is said that it is his, the matter of them both comes to God; he whom God condemns repays double to his neighbor. <a href="/ylt/exodus/22.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> for every matter of transgression, for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, for any lost thing of which it is said that it is his; unto God cometh the matter of them both; he whom God doth condemn, he repayeth double to his neighbour. <a href="/slt/exodus/22.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> For every word of transgression, for ox, for ass, for sheep, for garment, for every loss which if this say is his: to God the word of both of them shall come; whom God shall condemn, he shall recompense double to his friend.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/exodus/22.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> To do any fraud, either in ox, or in ass, or sheep, or raiment, or any thing that may bring damage: the cause of both parties shall come to the gods: and if they give judgment, he shall restore double to his neighbour. <a href="/cpdv/exodus/22.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> so as to perpetrate any fraud, such as with an ox, or a donkey, or a sheep, or clothing, nor to do anything that would be able to cause damage. The case of both shall be brought before the heavens. And if they give judgment against him, he shall repay double to his neighbor. <a href="/nabre/exodus/22.htm">New American Bible</a> In every case of dishonest appropriation, whether it be about an ox, or a donkey, or a sheep, or a garment, or anything else that has disappeared, where another claims that the thing is his, the claim of both parties shall be brought before God; the one whom God convicts must make twofold restitution to the other. <a href="/nrsvce/exodus/22.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> In any case of disputed ownership involving ox, donkey, sheep, clothing, or any other loss, of which one party says, “This is mine,” the case of both parties shall come before God; the one whom God condemns shall pay double to the other.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/exodus/22.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> For all manner of trespass, whether it be for an ox for an ass for a lamb for clothing or for any manner of lost thing which another man claims to be his, the case of both parties shall come before the judges; and whomever the judges shall convict, he shall make two-fold restitution to his neighbor. <a href="/hpbt/exodus/22.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> Concerning every matter of sin about an ox or about a donkey or about a sheep or about clothing or about every loss of which one says, “This is it” before the Judges, the words of both shall enter and he whom the Judges convict will restore each thing double to his neighbor.<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/exodus/22.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith: 'This is it,' the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbour. <a href="/sep/exodus/22.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> according to every injury alleged, both concerning a calf, and an ass, and a sheep, and a garment, and every alleged loss, whatsoever in fact it may be, - the judgment of both shall proceed before God, and he that is convicted by God shall repay to his neighbour double. <a href="/parallel/exodus/22-9.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kVae3PiKqhs?start=5537" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/exodus/22.htm">Property Laws</a> …8If the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges to determine whether he has taken his neighbor’s property. 9<a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">In</a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: kāl- (N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">all</a> <a href="/hebrew/1697.htm" title="1697: də·ḇar- (N-msc) -- Speech, word. From dabar; a word; by implication, a matter or thing; adverbially, a cause.">cases</a> <a href="/hebrew/6588.htm" title="6588: pe·ša‘ (N-ms) -- Transgression. From pasha'; a revolt.">of illegal possession</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">of</a> <a href="/hebrew/7794.htm" title="7794: šō·wr (N-ms) -- A head of cattle (bullock, ox, etc.). From shuwr; a bullock.">an ox,</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2543.htm" title="2543: ḥă·mō·wr (N-ms) -- A male ass. Or chamor; from chamar; a male ass.">a donkey,</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications."></a> <a href="/hebrew/7716.htm" title="7716: śeh (N-ms) -- Or sey; probably from sha'ah through the idea of pushing out to graze; a member of a flock, i.e. A sheep or goat.">a sheep,</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications."></a> <a href="/hebrew/8008.htm" title="8008: śal·māh (N-fs) -- A wrapper, mantle. Transp. For simlah; a dress.">a garment,</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: kāl- (N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">or any</a> <a href="/hebrew/9.htm" title="9: ’ă·ḇê·ḏāh (N-fs) -- A lost thing. From 'abad; concrete, something lost; abstract, destruction, i.e. Hades.">lost item</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.">that</a> <a href="/hebrew/559.htm" title="559: yō·mar (V-Qal-Imperf-3ms) -- To utter, say. A primitive root; to say.">someone claims,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3588.htm" title="3588: kî- (Conj) -- That, for, when. "></a> <a href="/hebrew/2088.htm" title="2088: zeh (Pro-ms) -- This, here. A primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that.">‘This</a> <a href="/hebrew/1931.htm" title="1931: hū (Pro-3ms) -- He, she, it. ">is mine,’</a> <a href="/hebrew/8147.htm" title="8147: šə·nê·hem (Number-mdc:: 3mp) -- Two (a card. number). Dual of sheniy; feminine shttayim; two; also twofold.">both parties</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/935.htm" title="935: yā·ḇō (V-Qal-Imperf-3ms) -- To come in, come, go in, go. A primitive root; to go or come.">shall bring</a> <a href="/hebrew/1697.htm" title="1697: də·ḇar- (N-msc) -- Speech, word. From dabar; a word; by implication, a matter or thing; adverbially, a cause.">their cases</a> <a href="/hebrew/5704.htm" title="5704: ‘aḏ (Prep) -- As far as, even to, up to, until, while. Properly, the same as ad; as far as, whether of space or time or degree.">before</a> <a href="/hebrew/430.htm" title="430: hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm (Art:: N-mp) -- Plural of 'elowahh; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used of the supreme God">the judges.</a> <a href="/hebrew/430.htm" title="430: ’ĕ·lō·hîm (N-mp) -- Plural of 'elowahh; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used of the supreme God">The one whom the judges</a> <a href="/hebrew/7561.htm" title="7561: yar·šî·‘un (V-Hifil-Imperf-3mp:: Pn) -- To be wicked, act wickedly. A primitive root; to be wrong; by implication, to disturb, violate.">find guilty</a> <a href="/hebrew/7999.htm" title="7999: yə·šal·lêm (V-Piel-Imperf-3ms) -- A primitive root; to be safe; figuratively, to be completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate.">must pay back</a> <a href="/hebrew/8147.htm" title="8147: šə·na·yim (Number-md) -- Two (a card. number). Dual of sheniy; feminine shttayim; two; also twofold.">double</a> <a href="/hebrew/7453.htm" title="7453: lə·rê·‘ê·hū (Prep-l:: N-msc:: 3ms) -- Friend, companion, fellow. Or reya2; from ra'ah; an associate.">to his neighbor.</a> 10If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to be cared for by his neighbor, but it dies or is injured or stolen while no one is watching,…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/leviticus/6-1.htm">Leviticus 6:1-7</a> And the LORD said to Moses, / “If someone sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD by deceiving his neighbor in regard to a deposit or security entrusted to him or stolen, or if he extorts his neighbor / or finds lost property and lies about it and swears falsely, or if he commits any such sin that a man might commit— ... <a href="/deuteronomy/19-15.htm">Deuteronomy 19:15-19</a> A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing or sin against a man, regardless of what offense he may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses. / If a false witness testifies against someone, accusing him of a crime, / both parties to the dispute must stand in the presence of the LORD, before the priests and judges who are in office at that time. ... <a href="/numbers/5-5.htm">Numbers 5:5-8</a> And the LORD said to Moses, / “Tell the Israelites that when a man or woman acts unfaithfully against the LORD by committing any sin against another, that person is guilty / and must confess the sin he has committed. He must make full restitution, add a fifth to its value, and give all this to the one he has wronged. ... <a href="/1_kings/8-31.htm">1 Kings 8:31-32</a> When a man sins against his neighbor and is required to take an oath, and he comes to take an oath before Your altar in this temple, / then may You hear from heaven and act. May You judge Your servants, condemning the wicked man by bringing down on his own head what he has done, and justifying the righteous man by rewarding him according to his righteousness. <a href="/2_chronicles/6-22.htm">2 Chronicles 6:22-23</a> When a man sins against his neighbor and is required to take an oath, and he comes to take an oath before Your altar in this temple, / then may You hear from heaven and act. May You judge Your servants, condemning the wicked man by bringing down on his own head what he has done, and justifying the righteous man by rewarding him according to his righteousness. <a href="/proverbs/19-5.htm">Proverbs 19:5</a> A false witness will not go unpunished, and one who utters lies will not escape. <a href="/proverbs/19-9.htm">Proverbs 19:9</a> A false witness will not go unpunished, and one who pours out lies will perish. <a href="/proverbs/21-28.htm">Proverbs 21:28</a> A lying witness will perish, but the man who listens to truth will speak forever. <a href="/matthew/18-16.htm">Matthew 18:16</a> But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’ <a href="/matthew/5-25.htm">Matthew 5:25-26</a> Reconcile quickly with your adversary, while you are still on the way to court. Otherwise, he may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison. / Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny. <a href="/luke/19-8.htm">Luke 19:8</a> But Zacchaeus stood up and said to the Lord, “Look, Lord, half of my possessions I give to the poor, and if I have cheated anyone, I will repay it fourfold.” <a href="/luke/16-10.htm">Luke 16:10-12</a> Whoever is faithful with very little will also be faithful with much, and whoever is dishonest with very little will also be dishonest with much. / So if you have not been faithful with worldly wealth, who will entrust you with true riches? / And if you have not been faithful with the belongings of another, who will give you belongings of your own? <a href="/romans/13-9.htm">Romans 13:9</a> The commandments “Do not commit adultery,” “Do not murder,” “Do not steal,” “Do not covet,” and any other commandments, are summed up in this one decree: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” <a href="/1_corinthians/6-7.htm">1 Corinthians 6:7-8</a> The very fact that you have lawsuits among you means that you are thoroughly defeated already. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be cheated? / Instead, you yourselves cheat and do wrong, even against your own brothers! <a href="/1_corinthians/6-1.htm">1 Corinthians 6:1-6</a> If any of you has a grievance against another, how dare he go to law before the unrighteous instead of before the saints! / Do you not know that the saints will judge the world? And if you are to judge the world, are you not competent to judge trivial cases? / Do you not know that we will judge angels? How much more the things of this life! ...</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing which another challenges to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double to his neighbor.for all manner of trespass<a href="/numbers/5-6.htm">Numbers 5:6,7</a> Speak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the LORD, and that person be guilty; … <a href="/1_kings/8-31.htm">1 Kings 8:31</a> If any man trespass against his neighbour, and an oath be laid upon him to cause him to swear, and the oath come before thine altar in this house:<a href="/matthew/6-14.htm">Matthew 6:14,15</a> For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you: … the cause of both parties<a href="/exodus/18-21.htm">Exodus 18:21,22</a> Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens: … <a href="/exodus/23-6.htm">Exodus 23:6-8</a> Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor in his cause… <a href="/deuteronomy/16-18.htm">Deuteronomy 16:18,19</a> Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: and they shall judge the people with just judgment… Pay double unto his<a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Exodus 22:4,7</a> If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double… <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Ass</a> <a href="/exodus/22-5.htm">Cause</a> <a href="/exodus/21-10.htm">Clothing</a> <a href="/1_john/3-21.htm">Condemn</a> <a href="/1_john/3-20.htm">Condemns</a> <a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Donkey</a> <a href="/exodus/22-7.htm">Double</a> <a href="/exodus/22-8.htm">Judges</a> <a href="/exodus/1-20.htm">Kind</a> <a href="/exodus/14-5.htm">Lost</a> <a href="/exodus/21-9.htm">Manner</a> <a href="/exodus/18-26.htm">Matter</a> <a href="/exodus/22-7.htm">Neighbor</a> <a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Ox</a> <a href="/exodus/18-16.htm">Parties</a> <a href="/exodus/22-7.htm">Pay</a> <a href="/exodus/21-10.htm">Raiment</a> <a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Sheep</a> <a href="/genesis/50-17.htm">Trespass</a> <a href="/exodus/22-8.htm">Whether</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/exodus/22-10.htm">Ass</a> <a href="/exodus/23-2.htm">Cause</a> <a href="/exodus/22-26.htm">Clothing</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/25-1.htm">Condemn</a> <a href="/job/15-6.htm">Condemns</a> <a href="/exodus/22-10.htm">Donkey</a> <a href="/exodus/26-9.htm">Double</a> <a href="/exodus/22-28.htm">Judges</a> <a href="/exodus/33-19.htm">Kind</a> <a href="/leviticus/6-3.htm">Lost</a> <a href="/exodus/23-11.htm">Manner</a> <a href="/exodus/23-7.htm">Matter</a> <a href="/exodus/22-10.htm">Neighbor</a> <a href="/exodus/22-10.htm">Ox</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/19-17.htm">Parties</a> <a href="/exodus/22-13.htm">Pay</a> <a href="/exodus/22-26.htm">Raiment</a> <a href="/exodus/22-10.htm">Sheep</a> <a href="/leviticus/5-6.htm">Trespass</a> <a href="/exodus/22-11.htm">Whether</a><div class="vheading2">Exodus 22</div>1. <a href="/exodus/22-1.htm">Of Theft</a> 5. <a href="/exodus/22-5.htm">Of damage</a> 7. <a href="/exodus/22-7.htm">Of trespasses</a> 14. <a href="/exodus/22-14.htm">Of borrowing</a> 16. <a href="/exodus/22-16.htm">Of fornication</a> 18. <a href="/exodus/22-18.htm">Of witchcraft</a> 19. <a href="/exodus/22-19.htm">Of bestiality</a> 20. <a href="/exodus/22-20.htm">Of idolatry</a> 21. <a href="/exodus/22-21.htm">Of strangers, widows, and fatherless</a> 25. <a href="/exodus/22-25.htm">Of usury</a> 26. <a href="/exodus/22-26.htm">Of pledges</a> 28. <a href="/exodus/22-28.htm">Of reverence to magistrates</a> 29. <a href="/exodus/22-29.htm">Of the first fruits</a> 31. <a href="/exodus/22-31.htm">Of torn flesh</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/22.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/exodus/22.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any lost item that someone claims, ‘This is mine,’ This phrase addresses the issue of property rights and ownership, which were significant in ancient Israelite society. The mention of specific animals and items reflects the agrarian lifestyle of the Israelites, where livestock and garments were valuable assets. The law aims to protect individuals from theft and false claims, ensuring justice and fairness. The principle of restitution is rooted in the broader biblical theme of justice, as seen in other passages like <a href="/leviticus/6.htm">Leviticus 6:1-5</a>, which also deals with restitution for wrongs.both parties shall bring their cases before the judges. The role of judges in ancient Israel was crucial for maintaining order and justice. Judges were responsible for interpreting the law and ensuring that disputes were resolved fairly. This reflects the judicial system established by Moses, as advised by Jethro in <a href="/exodus/18-13.htm">Exodus 18:13-26</a>, where capable men were appointed to judge the people at all times. The presence of judges underscores the importance of community and accountability in resolving conflicts.The one whom the judges find guilty must pay back double to his neighbor. The requirement to pay back double serves as both a punishment and a deterrent against theft and false claims. This principle of restitution is consistent with the biblical concept of justice, where the wrongdoer must make amends for their actions. The idea of paying back double is also seen in other parts of the Old Testament, such as in <a href="/proverbs/6-30.htm">Proverbs 6:30-31</a>, where a thief must repay sevenfold. This reflects God's desire for restoration and reconciliation within the community. The concept of restitution can also be seen as a type of Christ, who paid the ultimate price for humanity's sins, offering redemption and restoration.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/j/judges.htm">Judges</a> In ancient Israel, judges were appointed to resolve disputes and ensure justice according to God's laws. They played a crucial role in maintaining social order and fairness. 2. <a href="/topical/n/neighbor.htm">Neighbor</a> This term refers to fellow members of the Israelite community. The law emphasizes the importance of honesty and integrity in relationships with others. 3. <a href="/topical/o/ox,_donkey,_sheep,_garment,_lost_item.htm">Ox, Donkey, Sheep, Garment, Lost Item</a> These represent common possessions in ancient Israelite society. The law covers a range of property to illustrate the principle of restitution. 4. <a href="/topical/w/wrongdoing.htm">Wrongdoing</a> This refers to any act of dishonesty or theft, highlighting the moral and legal expectations within the community. 5. <a href="/topical/d/double_restitution.htm">Double Restitution</a> The requirement to repay double serves as both a punishment and a deterrent, emphasizing the value of justice and restitution.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/i/integrity_in_relationships.htm">Integrity in Relationships</a> The passage underscores the importance of honesty and integrity in dealings with others. Believers are called to uphold truth and fairness in all interactions. <a href="/topical/a/accountability_and_justice.htm">Accountability and Justice</a> The requirement for double restitution highlights the need for accountability and the pursuit of justice. Christians are encouraged to take responsibility for their actions and seek to make amends when wrongs are committed. <a href="/topical/c/community_and_reconciliation.htm">Community and Reconciliation</a> The involvement of judges and the community in resolving disputes points to the importance of communal support and reconciliation. Believers should seek to resolve conflicts in a manner that restores relationships and upholds community harmony. <a href="/topical/d/deterrence_of_wrongdoing.htm">Deterrence of Wrongdoing</a> The law serves as a deterrent against theft and dishonesty. Christians are reminded of the consequences of sin and the importance of living a life that honors God and respects others.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_exodus_22.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Exodus 22</a> <a href="/q/is_there_evidence_for_divine_oversight.htm">Job 34:21 – The passage implies God sees all human actions; is there historical or scientific evidence for universal divine oversight? </a> <a href="/q/what_does_'you_are_gods'_mean.htm">What does "You are gods" mean?</a> <a href="/q/does_psalm_138_1_imply_polytheism.htm">Psalm 138:1 mentions praising God “before the gods.” Does this suggest the existence of multiple deities, hinting at polytheism within a supposedly monotheistic text? </a> <a href="/q/does_abimelech's_rule_conflict_with_ot.htm">Does the account of Abimelech's violent rule conflict with other Old Testament portrayals of just leadership (Judges 9:22-24)?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/22.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(9) For all manner of trespass.--Rather, in every case of fraud. The context limits the expression to cases of fraud, or alleged fraud, in connection with a deposit.For ox, for ass, for sheep.--The deposit of animals is unknown in classical antiquity, but might well be the custom of a people whose wealth consisted in flocks and herds. In the wilderness small proprietors might have been glad to intrust their few animals to the herdsmen who guarded the flocks and herds of their wealthier neighbours.Which another challengeth to be his.--The case is supposed of the trustee saying a thing is lost which the depositor declares he can identify, and show to be still in his (the trustee's) possession.The cause of both parties shall come before the judges.--This seems to mean that the challenge was to be made at the challenger's risk. If he proved his point to the satisfaction of the judges, he was to recover double; if he failed, he was to forfeit double of what he had claimed.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/22.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 9. - For all manner of trespass. - It has been supposed that this refers to "every case of theft;" but Kalisch is probably right in restricting it to cases where a person was accused of having embezzled property committed to his care. He was in that case to appear before the judges (<a href="/exodus/18-23.htm">Exodus 18:23</a>), together with his accuser, and to clear himself if he could. When he failed to do so, and was "condemned," he was bound to restore double. Which another challenges to be his. - Rather, "which a man challenges to be the very thing" (that he deposited). The case is supposed of the depositor being able to point out that the person to whom he entrusted the deposit has it still in his keeping. <a href="/commentaries/exodus/22-9.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>In עַֽל־ (‘al-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> Above, over, upon, against all כָּל־ (kāl-) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> The whole, all, any, every cases דְּבַר־ (də·ḇar-) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1697.htm">Strong's 1697: </a> A word, a matter, thing, a cause of illegal possession פֶּ֡שַׁע (pe·ša‘) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6588.htm">Strong's 6588: </a> Transgression of עַל־ (‘al-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> Above, over, upon, against an ox, שׁ֡וֹר (šō·wr) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7794.htm">Strong's 7794: </a> A head of cattle (bullock, ox, etcetera) a donkey, חֲ֠מוֹר (ḥă·mō·wr) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2543.htm">Strong's 2543: </a> A male ass a sheep, שֶׂ֨ה (śeh) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7716.htm">Strong's 7716: </a> A member of a, flock, a sheep, goat a garment, שַׂלְמָ֜ה (śal·māh) Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8008.htm">Strong's 8008: </a> A wrapper, mantle or any כָּל־ (kāl-) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> The whole, all, any, every lost item אֲבֵדָ֗ה (’ă·ḇê·ḏāh) Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_9.htm">Strong's 9: </a> Something lost, destruction, Hades that אֲשֶׁ֤ר (’ă·šer) Pronoun - relative <a href="/hebrew/strongs_834.htm">Strong's 834: </a> Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that someone claims, יֹאמַר֙ (yō·mar) Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_559.htm">Strong's 559: </a> To utter, say ‘This זֶ֔ה (zeh) Pronoun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2088.htm">Strong's 2088: </a> This, that is mine,’ ה֣וּא (hū) Pronoun - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1931.htm">Strong's 1931: </a> He, self, the same, this, that, as, are both parties שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם (šə·nê·hem) Number - mdc | third person masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8147.htm">Strong's 8147: </a> Two (a cardinal number) shall bring יָבֹ֖א (yā·ḇō) Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_935.htm">Strong's 935: </a> To come in, come, go in, go their cases דְּבַר־ (də·ḇar-) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1697.htm">Strong's 1697: </a> A word, a matter, thing, a cause before עַ֚ד (‘aḏ) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5704.htm">Strong's 5704: </a> As far as, even to, up to, until, while the judges. הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים (hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm) Article | Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_430.htm">Strong's 430: </a> gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative The one whom the judges אֱלֹהִ֔ים (’ĕ·lō·hîm) Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_430.htm">Strong's 430: </a> gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative condemn יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ (yar·šî·‘un) Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nun <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7561.htm">Strong's 7561: </a> To be, wrong, to disturb, violate must pay back יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם (yə·šal·lêm) Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7999.htm">Strong's 7999: </a> To be safe, to be, completed, to be friendly, to reciprocate double שְׁנַ֖יִם (šə·na·yim) Number - md <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8147.htm">Strong's 8147: </a> Two (a cardinal number) to his neighbor. לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ (lə·rê·‘ê·hū) Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7453.htm">Strong's 7453: </a> Friend, companion, fellow <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/exodus/22-9.htm">Exodus 22:9 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/exodus/22-9.htm">OT Law: Exodus 22:9 For every matter of trespass whether it (Exo. Ex) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/exodus/22-8.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Exodus 22:8"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Exodus 22:8" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/exodus/22-10.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Exodus 22:10"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Exodus 22:10" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>