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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culinary_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culinary uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flavour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flavour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Flavour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flavour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_from_clarified_butter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_from_clarified_butter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Differences from clarified butter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_from_clarified_butter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition_and_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition_and_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nutrition and health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition_and_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparation_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Preparation methods</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Preparation_methods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Preparation methods subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Preparation_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Milk_butter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milk_butter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Milk butter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milk_butter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Direct_cream" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_cream"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Direct cream</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_cream-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cream_butter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cream_butter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Cream butter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cream_butter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-stratification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-stratification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Pre-stratification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-stratification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Packaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Packaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Packaging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Packaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghee</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="سمن حيواني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سمن حيواني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhi" title="Qhi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qhi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BF" title="ঘি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gh%C3%AD" title="Ghí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ghí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AE" title="Gî – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gî" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A9" title="ދަހީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދަހީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gio" title="Gio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%86_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="روغن حیوانی گی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روغن حیوانی گی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghi" title="Ghi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ghi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AD" title="Gí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%98%E0%AB%80" title="ઘી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઘી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0_(%EC%9D%8C%EC%8B%9D)" title="기 (음식) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기 (음식)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%80" title="घी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="घी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_samin" title="Minyak samin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minyak samin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrt_smj%C3%B6r" title="Skírt smjör – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skírt smjör" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gh%C4%AB_(gastronomia)" title="Ghī (gastronomia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ghī (gastronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%94%D7%99" title="גהי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גהי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_samin" title="Lenga samin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lenga samin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA" title="ತುಪ್ಪ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತುಪ್ಪ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%98%E1%83%98" title="ღიი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ღიი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Гхи – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гхи" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samli" title="Samli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Samli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%AB" title="Gī – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gī" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghi" title="Ghi – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ghi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanikha_sami" title="Fanikha sami – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Fanikha sami" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghi" title="Ghi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ghi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%80" title="घी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="घी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D" title="നെയ്യ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നെയ്യ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA" title="तूप – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तूप" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89" title="سمنه بلدى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سمنه بلدى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_sapi" title="Minyak sapi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Minyak sapi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%89" title="घिउ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घिउ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC" title="ギー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghi" title="Ghi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ghi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghi" title="Ghi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ghi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%89" title="ਘਿਉ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਘਿਉ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%88" title="گھیو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گھیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghi" title="Ghi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ghi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Гхи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гхи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="घृतम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="घृतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gia" title="Gia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="ගිතෙල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගිතෙල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghi" title="Ghi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ghi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="நெய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talussi" title="Talussi – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Talussi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF" title="నెయ్యి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నెయ్యి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B5" title="ฆี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฆี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ನೆಯಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ನೆಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ghee" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%85%D1%96" title="Гхі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гхі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="گھی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%EF%BC%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%89" title="酥油（印度） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="酥油（印度）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9" title="印度酥油 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度酥油" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="酥油 (印度) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酥油 (印度)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q323225#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For people and places named Ghee, see <a href="/wiki/Ghee_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ghee (disambiguation)">Ghee (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Ghee</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Home_made_Ghee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Home_made_Ghee.jpg/235px-Home_made_Ghee.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Home_made_Ghee.jpg/353px-Home_made_Ghee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Home_made_Ghee.jpg/470px-Home_made_Ghee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,660 kJ (870 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">99.5 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">61.9 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">28.7 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">3.69 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.3 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 4 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 3 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 5 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 2 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.24 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">256 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ghee</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">clarified butter</a>, originating from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commonly used for cooking, as a traditional medicine, and for <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> religious rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ghee is typically prepared by <a href="/wiki/Simmering" title="Simmering">simmering</a> <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, which is churned from <a href="/wiki/Cream" title="Cream">cream</a>, skimming any impurities from the surface, then pouring and retaining the clear liquid fat while discarding the solid residue that has settled to the bottom. <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a> can be added for flavor. The texture, color, and taste of ghee depend on the quality of the butter, the milk used in the process, and the duration of boiling time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>ghee</i> comes from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">घृत</span> (<i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ghṛta-</i></span></i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">[ɡʱr̩tɐ]</a></span>) 'clarified butter', from <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">घृ</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa-Latn">ghṛ-</i></span>, 'to sprinkle';<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is cognate with the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">χριστός</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">khristós</i></span>, 'rubbed, anointed'), from which the English word <i><a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a></i> is derived.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Hinduism">In Hinduism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, ghee is made from <a href="/wiki/Bovine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovine">bovine</a> milk, either <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cow</a> or <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffalo</a>, and has been used in rituals since the <a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a>. It is a sacred requirement in <a href="/wiki/Vedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic">Vedic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Yagna" class="mw-redirect" title="Yagna">yajña</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">homa</a></i> (fire rituals), through the medium of <a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a> (fire) to offer oblations to various deities (See: <a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a>). </p><p>Fire rituals are utilized for ceremonies such as marriage and funerals. Ghee is required in Vedic worship of <i><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">mūrtis</a></i> (divine deities), with <i><a href="/wiki/Aarti" class="mw-redirect" title="Aarti">aarti</a></i> (offering of ghee lamp) called<i> <a href="/wiki/Diya_(light)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diya (light)">diyā</a></i> or <i>dīpa</i> and for <i>Pañcāmṛta</i> (<a href="/wiki/Panchamruta" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchamruta">Panchamruta</a>) where ghee along with <a href="/wiki/Rock_candy#Misri" title="Rock candy">mishri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Dahi_(curd)" title="Dahi (curd)">dahi</a></i> (curd) is used for bathing the deities on the appearance day of <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> on <a href="/wiki/Janmashtami" class="mw-redirect" title="Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a>, <i>Śiva</i> (<a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>) on <i>Mahā-śivarātrī</i> (<a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a>). There is a <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymn</a> to ghee.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Kaurava" title="Kaurava">Kaurava</a></i> were born from pots of ghee.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ghee is also used in <i><a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">bhang</a></i> in order to heat the <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> to cause <a href="/wiki/Decarboxylation" title="Decarboxylation">decarboxylation</a>, making the drink <a href="/wiki/Psychoactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychoactive">psychoactive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gottlieb07_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gottlieb07-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drake018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drake018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist scripture</a>, stages of dairy production are used as metaphors for stages of enlightenment. The highest-stage product, <a href="/wiki/Sarpir-ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da" title="Sarpir-maṇḍa">sarpir-maṇḍa</a>, is theorised to be ghee or clarified butter.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culinary_uses">Culinary uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culinary uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ghee is common in <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">cuisines</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, including traditional rice preparations (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">biryani</a></i>). In <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, polis or <a href="/wiki/Indian_bread" title="Indian bread">Indian flatbreads</a> are accompanied with ghee. For example, 'Puranpoli', a typical Maharashtrian dish is eaten with much ghee. In <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, ghee often accompanies <i><a href="/wiki/Baati" class="mw-redirect" title="Baati">baati</a></i>. All over <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">roti</a></i> is served with ghee. In <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, ghee is provided alongside <a href="/wiki/Dosa_(food)" title="Dosa (food)">dosa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kesari_bhath" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesari bhath">kesari bhath</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> (both <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Khichdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khichdi">khichdi</a></i> is a traditional evening meal of rice with <a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">lentils</a>, cooked in a <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Dahi_(curd)" title="Dahi (curd)">dahi</a> (curd), <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a> seeds, <a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">curry leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corn_starch" title="Corn starch">cornflour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, salt and ghee. It is also an ingredient in <i><a href="/wiki/Kadhi" title="Kadhi">kadhi</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_sweets" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian sweets">Indian sweets</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Mysore_pak" title="Mysore pak">Mysore pak</a>,</i> and varieties of <i><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">halva</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Laddu" title="Laddu">laddu</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> restaurants typically incorporate large amounts of ghee, sometimes brushing <i><a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">naan</a></i> and <i>roti</i> with it, either during preparation or just before serving. In the state of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> ghee is widely used in <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Odisha" title="Cuisine of Odisha">Odia dishes</a> such as <i>Khechedi</i> and <i>Dalma</i>. Particularly the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satwik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satwik (page does not exist)">satwik</a> food prepared in most temples in Odisha has ghee as a major ingredient in its culinary tradition. Ghee is used in <a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian cuisine</a> for tempering curries and in the preparation of rice dishes and sweets. North Indians also add ghee to rice before eating it with pickles, dal and curries. North Indians are among the biggest consumers of ghee. Vegetarian dishes of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> especially use ghee for the preparation of savoury and sweet dishes alike. Ghee is important to traditional <a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian cuisine</a>, with <i><a href="/wiki/Paratha" title="Paratha">parathas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">daals</a></i> and curries often using ghee instead of oil for a richer taste. The type of ghee, in terms of animal source, tends to vary with the dish; for example, ghee prepared from cow's milk (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">গাওয়া ঘী, gaoa ghi</span>) is traditional with <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">roti</a></i> or as a finishing drizzle atop a curry or <i>daal</i> (lentils) whereas buffalo milk ghee is more typical for general cooking purposes. </p><p>Ghee is an ideal <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">fat</a> for <a href="/wiki/Deep_fry" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep fry">deep frying</a> because its <a href="/wiki/Smoke_point" title="Smoke point">smoke point</a> (where its molecules begin to break down) is 250 °C (482 °F), which is well above typical cooking temperatures of around 200 °C (392 °F) and above that of most vegetable oils.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flavour">Flavour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flavour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main flavour components of ghee are <a href="/wiki/Carbonyls" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonyls">carbonyls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Free fatty acids">free fatty acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lactone" title="Lactone">lactones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">alcohols</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with the flavour of milk fat, the ripening of the <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a> and the temperature at which it is <a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">clarified</a> also affect the flavour. For example, ghee produced by the clarification of butter at 100 °C (212 °F) or less results in a rich and mild flavour, whereas batches produced at 120 °C (248 °F) have a strong flavour.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_from_clarified_butter">Differences from clarified butter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Differences from clarified butter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The production of ghee differs slightly from that of <a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">clarified butter</a>. The process of creating clarified butter is complete once the water is evaporated and the fat (clarified butter) is separated from the <a href="/wiki/Milk_solids" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk solids">milk solids</a>. However, the production of ghee includes simmering the butter, which makes it nutty-tasting and aromatic.<sup id="cite_ref-Landis_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A traditional <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurvedic</a> recipe for ghee is to boil raw milk and let it cool to 43 °C (109 °F). After leaving it covered at room temperature for around 12 hours, add a bit of <a href="/wiki/Dahi_(curd)" title="Dahi (curd)">dahi</a> (yogurt) to it and leave it overnight. This makes more yogurt. This is churned with water, to obtain cultured butter, which is used to simmer into ghee.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition_and_health">Nutrition and health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nutrition and health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like any clarified butter, ghee is composed almost entirely of <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>, 62% of which consists of <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated fats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usda_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most commercial preparations in India were also found to contain significant amounts of <a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">trans fats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has negligible amounts of <a href="/wiki/Lactose" title="Lactose">lactose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casein" title="Casein">casein</a> and is, therefore, acceptable to most people who have a <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose intolerance</a> or milk allergy.<sup id="cite_ref-Time-20190422_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-20190422-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BA-20180405_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BA-20180405-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ghee consumption has been associated with an increased risk of <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/British_Dietetic_Association" title="British Dietetic Association">British Dietetic Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Nutrition_Foundation" title="British Nutrition Foundation">British Nutrition Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_and_Stroke_Foundation_of_Canada" title="Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada">Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> advise people to limit ghee consumption due to its high saturated fat content.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation_methods">Preparation methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Preparation methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ghee" title="Special:EditPage/Ghee">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ghee%22">"Ghee"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ghee%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ghee%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ghee%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ghee%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ghee%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are five common methods through which ghee is prepared. Industrial preparation on the other hand is done by using "white butter", usually sourced from other dairies and contractors.<sup id="cite_ref-Priyanka_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Priyanka-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cream_to_get_clarified_butter_home_made.Ghee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="In the cream butter method, cream separated from milk must be churned to produced butter. The butter then undergoes heat clarification." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cream_to_get_clarified_butter_home_made.Ghee.jpg/220px-Cream_to_get_clarified_butter_home_made.Ghee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cream_to_get_clarified_butter_home_made.Ghee.jpg/330px-Cream_to_get_clarified_butter_home_made.Ghee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cream_to_get_clarified_butter_home_made.Ghee.jpg/440px-Cream_to_get_clarified_butter_home_made.Ghee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>In the cream butter method, cream is separated from milk and churned to produce butter. The butter then undergoes heat clarification.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Milk_butter">Milk butter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Milk butter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sour <a href="/wiki/Raw_milk" title="Raw milk">raw milk</a> is churned into <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>. The butter is boiled in an open pan to allow the water to evaporate. The hot ghee is transferred and stored. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_cream">Direct cream</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Direct cream"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fresh cream, <a href="/wiki/Sour_cream" title="Sour cream">cultured</a> or washed <a href="/wiki/Cream" title="Cream">cream</a> is directly converted to ghee. This method requires a long heating time and produces a caramelized flavor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cream_butter">Cream butter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cream butter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Milk is separated into cream which is then <a href="/wiki/Churning_(butter)" title="Churning (butter)">churned</a> into butter. The butter undergoes heat clarification to produce ghee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-stratification">Pre-stratification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pre-stratification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This method is suitable for large quantities of butter. Butter is melted at 80–85 °C (176–185 °F) for 30 minutes. Layers of protein particles, fat and <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a> are induced. The buttermilk is drained out. The remaining layers of fat are heated to a temperature of 110 °C (230 °F) to remove moisture and develop flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Packaging">Packaging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Packaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desi_ghee.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Desi_ghee.JPG/220px-Desi_ghee.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Desi_ghee.JPG/330px-Desi_ghee.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Desi_ghee.JPG/440px-Desi_ghee.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Ghee may be packaged in airtight glass jars and stored without refrigeration.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ghee is generally found to be packaged in airtight glass jars. They should be kept away from direct sunlight as sunlight can cause moisture to build inside the jar. Moisture can cause deterioration to the ghee's quality as well as reduce its <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>. To prevent the acceleration of the <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidation process</a>, they should be protected from anything that causes it, such as <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">UV rays</a> from sunlight and fluorescent lights. If the jar is unopened, it does not need to be refrigerated as long as the previously mentioned conditions are met. Once opened, they can be stored in a kitchen cabinet for up to three months. Afterwards, it may be left in the refrigerator for up to a year. The refrigerator causes ghee to harden but if it is left at room temperature for a while, it will soften up again.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ghee may be made of milk from various <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestication of animals">domesticated</a> <a href="/wiki/Ungulate" title="Ungulate">ungulates</a>, such as cows, buffaloes and sheep.<sup id="cite_ref-fc_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fc-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The composition of ghee varies depending on the animal whose milk has been used. The <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a> content ranged from 315 to 375 μg per 100 grams.<sup id="cite_ref-fc_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fc-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">Palmitic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic acid</a> were two of the main fatty acids found in both cow and sheep ghee. The saturated fatty acid profile was 53.9 to 66.8%, the unsaturated fatty acid profile was 22.8 to 38.0% and the other fatty acids was 3.5 to 10.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-fc_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fc-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a> amounts ranged from 252 to 284 mg/100 grams.<sup id="cite_ref-fc_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fc-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market">Market</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The market size of ghee in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> is 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a> rupees or US$1.5 billion as of 2016. India is the world's largest producer of buffalo and cow milk and consequently also the largest producer and consumer of ghee.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="/w/index.php?title=Ghee&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_MedicineHealth_and_Medicine_DivisionFood_and_Nutrition_BoardCommittee_to_Review_the_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_for_Sodium_and_Potassium2019" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/"><i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i></a>. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509063633/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+National+Academies+Collection%3A+Reports+funded+by+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=Health+and+Medicine+Division&rft.au=Food+and+Nutrition+Board&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK538102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/voraciously/wp/2019/02/06/ghee-has-been-an-indian-staple-for-millennia-now-the-rest-of-the-world-is-catching-on/">"Perspective | Ghee has been an Indian staple for millennia. Now the rest of the world is catching on"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. 28 October 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>Ghee originated in India, where the heat was not conducive to storing butter for long periods</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Perspective+%7C+Ghee+has+been+an+Indian+staple+for+millennia.+Now+the+rest+of+the+world+is+catching+on.&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fvoraciously%2Fwp%2F2019%2F02%2F06%2Fghee-has-been-an-indian-staple-for-millennia-now-the-rest-of-the-world-is-catching-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/voraciously/wp/2019/02/06/ghee-has-been-an-indian-staple-for-millennia-now-the-rest-of-the-world-is-catching-on/">"Perspective | Ghee has been an Indian staple for millennia. Now the rest of the world is catching on"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. 28 October 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>ghee is poured into sacred fires by Hindus to this day, a practice thought to be auspicious for marriages, funerals and other ceremonies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Perspective+%7C+Ghee+has+been+an+Indian+staple+for+millennia.+Now+the+rest+of+the+world+is+catching+on.&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fvoraciously%2Fwp%2F2019%2F02%2F06%2Fghee-has-been-an-indian-staple-for-millennia-now-the-rest-of-the-world-is-catching-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">as contrasted with <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">नवनीत</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa-Latn">navanīta</i></span> 'fresh butter': Carl Darling Buck, <i>A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages</i>, 1949, reprinted 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226079376" title="Special:BookSources/0226079376">0226079376</a>, p. 399, §5.89 'Butter'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarek_I_Kakhia" class="citation book cs1">Tarek I Kakhia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tarek.kakhia.org/books_eng/ENCYCOPEDIA_OF_OILS_and_FATS.Tarek_Kakhia.pdf"><i>Encyclopedia of Oils and Fats</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 194–195. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111121829/https://tarek.kakhia.org/books_eng/ENCYCOPEDIA_OF_OILS_and_FATS.Tarek_Kakhia.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Oils+and+Fats&rft.pages=194-195&rft.au=Tarek+I+Kakhia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftarek.kakhia.org%2Fbooks_eng%2FENCYCOPEDIA_OF_OILS_and_FATS.Tarek_Kakhia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Language and Style of the Vedic Rsis</i>, Tatyana Jakovlevna Elizarenkova (C) 1995, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgeraldAdrianusBuitenen2003" class="citation book cs1">Fitzgerald, James L.; Adrianus, Johannes; Buitenen, Bernardus (15 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p9SzCuLIlQ0C&pg=PA613"><i>The Mahabharata, Volume 7: Book 11: The Book of the Women Book 12 ..., Part 1</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 613. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226252506" title="Special:BookSources/9780226252506"><bdi>9780226252506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mahabharata%2C+Volume+7%3A+Book+11%3A+The+Book+of+the+Women+Book+12+...%2C+Part+1&rft.pages=613&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2003-02-15&rft.isbn=9780226252506&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft.au=Adrianus%2C+Johannes&rft.au=Buitenen%2C+Bernardus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp9SzCuLIlQ0C%26pg%3DPA613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gottlieb07-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gottlieb07_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottlieb1993" class="citation book cs1">Gottlieb, Adam (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artscienceofcook00gott/page/7"><i>Cooking with Cannabis: The Most Effective Methods of Preparing Food and Drink with Marijuana, Hashish, and Hash Oil</i></a></span>. Ronin Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artscienceofcook00gott/page/7">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914171-55-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914171-55-3"><bdi>978-0-914171-55-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cooking+with+Cannabis%3A+The+Most+Effective+Methods+of+Preparing+Food+and+Drink+with+Marijuana%2C+Hashish%2C+and+Hash+Oil&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Ronin+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-914171-55-3&rft.aulast=Gottlieb&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartscienceofcook00gott%2Fpage%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drake018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drake018_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrake2002" class="citation book cs1">Drake, Bill (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marijuanafood0000drak/page/18"><i>The Marijuana Food Handbook</i></a>. Ronin Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marijuanafood0000drak/page/18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914171-99-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914171-99-7"><bdi>978-0-914171-99-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marijuana+Food+Handbook&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Ronin+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-914171-99-7&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarijuanafood0000drak%2Fpage%2F18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetzold1995" class="citation book cs1">Petzold, Bruno (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iZH29oiIuIkC&q=sarpir-ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da+ghee&pg=PA217"><i>The Classification of Buddhism</i></a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783447033732" title="Special:BookSources/9783447033732"><bdi>9783447033732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Classification+of+Buddhism&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9783447033732&rft.aulast=Petzold&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiZH29oiIuIkC%26q%3Dsarpir-ma%25E1%25B9%2587%25E1%25B8%258Da%2Bghee%26pg%3DPA217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404094854/http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=newtip&dbid=9">"What are the advantages and disadvantages of butter and ghee when it comes to cooking?"</a>. <i>whfoods.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=newtip&dbid=9">the original</a> on 4 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whfoods.com&rft.atitle=What+are+the+advantages+and+disadvantages+of+butter+and+ghee+when+it+comes+to+cooking%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whfoods.com%2Fgenpage.php%3Ftname%3Dnewtip%26dbid%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRama_Murthy1980" class="citation journal cs1">Rama Murthy, M.K. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/57811/1/dt84.pdf">"Factors Affecting the Composition, Flavour and Textural Properties of Ghee"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Indian Dairyman</i>. <b>32</b>: 765–768. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180920165932/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/57811/1/dt84.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Dairyman&rft.atitle=Factors+Affecting+the+Composition%2C+Flavour+and+Textural+Properties+of+Ghee&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=765-768&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Rama+Murthy&rft.aufirst=M.K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkrishikosh.egranth.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2F1%2F57811%2F1%2Fdt84.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landis-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Landis_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landis, Denise (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/17/dining/food-chain.html">All About Ghee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120161059/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/17/dining/food-chain.html">Archived</a> 20 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>New York Times - Food Chain</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iyer, Raghavan (2008). 660 Curries, p. 21. New York: Workman Publishing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-3787-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-3787-0">978-0-7611-3787-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaffrey, Madhur (1982). Madhur Jaffrey's Indian Cooking, p. 211. London: BBC Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8120-6548-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8120-6548-4">0-8120-6548-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sahni, Julie (1998). Julie Sahni's Introduction to Indian Cooking, p. 217 under "usli ghee." Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89815-976-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-89815-976-8">0-89815-976-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshi2014" class="citation journal cs1">Joshi, KS (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061595">"Docosahexaenoic acid content is significantly higher in ghrita prepared by traditional Ayurvedic method"</a>. <i>J Ayurveda Integr Med</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 85–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0975-9476.131730">10.4103/0975-9476.131730</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061595">4061595</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24948858">24948858</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Ayurveda+Integr+Med&rft.atitle=Docosahexaenoic+acid+content+is+significantly+higher+in+ghrita+prepared+by+traditional+Ayurvedic+method&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=85-88&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4061595%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24948858&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2F0975-9476.131730&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=KS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4061595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usda-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usda_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/173412/nutrients">"Nutrition data for Butter oil, anhydrous (ghee) per 100 gram reference amount"</a>. US Department of Agriculture, National Nutrient Database. May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230523232832/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/173412/nutrients">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nutrition+data+for+Butter+oil%2C+anhydrous+%28ghee%29+per+100+gram+reference+amount&rft.pub=US+Department+of+Agriculture%2C+National+Nutrient+Database&rft.date=2016-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffdc.nal.usda.gov%2Ffdc-app.html%23%2Ffood-details%2F173412%2Fnutrients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahapatra2010" class="citation journal cs1">Mahapatra, Deepti (18 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228668815">"Evaluation of trans fatty acids contents in commercial brands of ghee available at Indian markets"</a>. <i>Scientific Research and Essays</i>. <b>5</b> (20): 3193–3200.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Research+and+Essays&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+trans+fatty+acids+contents+in+commercial+brands+of+ghee+available+at+Indian+markets&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=3193-3200&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft.aulast=Mahapatra&rft.aufirst=Deepti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F228668815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-20190422-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time-20190422_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeid2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Heid, Markham (22 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5571810/is-ghee-healthy/">"Is Ghee Healthy? Here's What the Science Says"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415092024/https://time.com/5571810/is-ghee-healthy/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Is+Ghee+Healthy%3F+Here%27s+What+the+Science+Says&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft.aulast=Heid&rft.aufirst=Markham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5571810%2Fis-ghee-healthy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BA-20180405-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BA-20180405_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbarbanel2018" class="citation journal cs1">Abarbanel, Aliza (5 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonappetit.com/story/what-is-ghee">"What Is Ghee, the Clarified Butter We Could Eat by the Spoon?"</a>. <i>Bon Appétit</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410034724/https://www.bonappetit.com/story/what-is-ghee">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 25 September 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nutrition.org.uk/health-conditions/heart-disease-and-stroke/">"Top tips for good heart health"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231016042629/https://www.nutrition.org.uk/health-conditions/heart-disease-and-stroke/">Archived</a> 16 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. nutrition.org.uk. 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Retrieved 22 October 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/heart-health.html">"Heart Health"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031180353/https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/heart-health.html">Archived</a> 31 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. bda.uk.com. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heartandstroke.ca/healthy-living/healthy-eating/fats-and-oils">"Dietary fats, oils and cholesterol"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025095408/http://www.heartandstroke.ca/get-healthy/healthy-eating/fats-and-oils">Archived</a> 25 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. heartandstroke.ca. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/reduce-fat-salt-and-sugar-intake/index.html">"Limit fat, salt and sugar intake"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031180353/https://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/reduce-fat-salt-and-sugar-intake/index.html">Archived</a> 31 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. emro.who.int. 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Sserunjogi, Mohammed; Abrahamsen, Roger; Narvhus, Judith (1 August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222287157">"A Review Paper: Current Knowledge of Ghee and Related Products"</a>. <i>International Dairy Journal</i>. <b>8</b> (8): 677–688. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0958-6946%2898%2900106-X">10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00106-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Dairy+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Review+Paper%3A+Current+Knowledge+of+Ghee+and+Related+Products&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=677-688&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0958-6946%2898%2900106-X&rft.aulast=L.+Sserunjogi&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft.au=Abrahamsen%2C+Roger&rft.au=Narvhus%2C+Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F222287157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goddessghee.com/ghee-care/">"Ghee Care"</a>. <i>Goddess Ghee</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180811101519/https://www.goddessghee.com/ghee-care/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Composition of ghee (Samn Barri's) from cow's and sheep's milk". <i>Food Chemistry</i>. <b>46</b> (4): 373–375. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0308-8146%2893%2990007-3">10.1016/0308-8146(93)90007-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0308-8146">0308-8146</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Composition+of+ghee+%28Samn+Barri%27s%29+from+cow%27s+and+sheep%27s+milk&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=373-375&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0308-8146%2893%2990007-3&rft.issn=0308-8146&rft.au=AbdulrhmanAl-Khalifah&rft.au=HassanAl-Kahtani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/milk-in-india-a-popular-refreshment-a-huge-business-and-a-gift-from-the-gods">"Milk in India: a popular refreshment, a huge business and a gift from the gods"</a>. Associated Press. 27 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920145805/https://www.foxnews.com/world/milk-in-india-a-popular-refreshment-a-huge-business-and-a-gift-from-the-gods">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span> – via Fox News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Milk+in+India%3A+a+popular+refreshment%2C+a+huge+business+and+a+gift+from+the+gods&rft.date=2015-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fmilk-in-india-a-popular-refreshment-a-huge-business-and-a-gift-from-the-gods&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305092258/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-20/news/37872288_1_desi-ghee-vat-cent">"Delhi's tax free budget: Desi ghee to cost less in Delhi"</a>. <i>timesofindia-economictimes</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-20/news/37872288_1_desi-ghee-vat-cent">the original</a> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timesofindia-economictimes&rft.atitle=Delhi%27s+tax+free+budget%3A+Desi+ghee+to+cost+less+in+Delhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2013-03-20%2Fnews%2F37872288_1_desi-ghee-vat-cent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Lardo">Lardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salo_(food)" title="Salo (food)">Salo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">Lard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardon" title="Lardon">Lardon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mutton" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutton">Mutton</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dripping" title="Dripping">Dripping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suet" title="Suet">Suet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_fat" title="Tail fat">Tail fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallow" title="Tallow">Tallow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">Dairy</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">Clarified butter</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manteiga-da-terra" title="Manteiga-da-terra">Manteiga-da-terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niter_kibbeh" title="Niter kibbeh">Niter kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smen" title="Smen">Smen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfa_butter" title="Urfa butter">Urfa butter</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">Poultry</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fat" title="Chicken fat">Chicken fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Duck fat">Duck fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Goose fat">Goose fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz" title="Schmaltz">Schmaltz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other animal fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blubber#Human_influences" title="Blubber">Blubber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muktuk" title="Muktuk">Muktuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">Whale oil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetable fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_tallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Borneo tallow">Borneo tallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_butter" title="Cocoa butter">Cocoa butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_butter" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango butter">Mango butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">Margarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_kernel_oil" title="Palm kernel oil">Palm kernel oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_butter" title="Shea butter">Shea butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_shortening" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable shortening">Vegetable shortening</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">Marine oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_liver_oil" title="Cod liver oil">Cod liver oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_oil" title="Krill oil">Krill oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_oil" title="Seaweed oil">Seaweed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_liver_oil" title="Shark liver oil">Shark liver oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable <br /> oils</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetable_oils" title="List of vegetable oils">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stone_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone fruit">Fruit</a> oils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avocado_oil" title="Avocado oil">Avocado oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nut (food)">Nut</a> oils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Almond oil">Almond oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argan_oil" title="Argan oil">Argan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashew oil">Cashew oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazelnut oil">Hazelnut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_oil" title="Macadamia oil">Macadamia oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marula_oil" title="Marula oil">Marula oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongongo#Traditional_uses" title="Mongongo">Mongongo nut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_oil" title="Pecan oil">Pecan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut_oil" title="Pine nut oil">Pine nut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio_oil" title="Pistachio oil">Pistachio oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_oil" title="Walnut oil">Walnut oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed oil">Seed oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambadi_seed_oil" title="Ambadi seed oil">Ambadi seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_seed_oil" title="Apple seed oil">Apple seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_oil" title="Castor oil">Castor oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Corn oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonseed_oil" title="Cottonseed oil">Cottonseed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_seed_oil" title="Grape seed oil">Grape seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">Hemp oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">Linseed (flaxseed) oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_oil" title="Mustard oil">Mustard oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_oil" title="Peanut oil">Peanut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequi_oil" title="Pequi oil">Pequi oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_oil" title="Perilla oil">Perilla oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppyseed_oil" title="Poppyseed oil">Poppyseed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_seed_oil" title="Pumpkin seed oil">Pumpkin seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed_oil" title="Rapeseed oil">Rapeseed (canola) oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_bran_oil" title="Rice bran oil">Rice bran oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safflower_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Safflower oil">Safflower oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_oil" title="Sunflower oil">Sunflower oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_seed_oil" title="Tea seed oil">Tea seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_seed_oil" title="Watermelon seed oil">Watermelon seed oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Types_of_plant_oils" title="Types of plant oils">Plant oil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">Essential oil</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Butter" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Butter" title="Template:Butter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Butter" title="Template talk:Butter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Butter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Butter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Butter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Butter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of butter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bog_butter" title="Bog butter">Bog butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">Clarified butter</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manteiga-da-terra" title="Manteiga-da-terra">Manteiga-da-terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niter_kibbeh" title="Niter kibbeh">Niter kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smen" title="Smen">Smen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfa_butter" title="Urfa butter">Urfa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda_butter" title="Vologda butter">Vologda butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter#Whey_butter" title="Butter">Whey butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_butter" title="Yak butter">Yak butter</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsk%C3%BD_kol%C3%A1%C4%8D_naruby_904_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsk%C3%BD_kol%C3%A1%C4%8D_naruby_904_%28cropped%29.JPG/135px-%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsk%C3%BD_kol%C3%A1%C4%8D_naruby_904_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsk%C3%BD_kol%C3%A1%C4%8D_naruby_904_%28cropped%29.JPG/203px-%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsk%C3%BD_kol%C3%A1%C4%8D_naruby_904_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsk%C3%BD_kol%C3%A1%C4%8D_naruby_904_%28cropped%29.JPG/270px-%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsk%C3%BD_kol%C3%A1%C4%8D_naruby_904_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="961" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes featuring butter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Butter-based sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beurre_blanc" title="Beurre blanc">Beurre blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurre_mont%C3%A9" title="Beurre monté">Beurre monté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurre_noir" title="Beurre noir">Beurre noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurre_noisette" title="Beurre noisette">Beurre noisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_de_Paris_sauce" title="Café de Paris sauce">Café de Paris sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compound_butter" title="Compound butter">Compound butter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_butter" title="Garlic butter">Beurre à la bourguignonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurre_Ma%C3%AEtre_d%27H%C3%B4tel" title="Beurre Maître d'Hôtel">Beurre Maître d'Hôtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle_butter" title="Truffle butter">Truffle butter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter_tea" title="Butter tea">Butter tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_butter" title="Egg butter">Egg butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_butter_dishes" title="List of butter dishes">List of butter dishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Butter paraphernalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter_churn" title="Butter churn">Butter churn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_curler" title="Butter curler">Butter curler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_knife" title="Butter knife">Butter knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_butter_dish" title="French butter dish">French butter dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_hands" title="Scotch hands">Scotch hands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Butter industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boterwet" title="Boterwet">Boterwet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfat" title="Butterfat">Butterfat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_grading" title="Butter grading">Butter grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Butter_and_Egg_Board" title="Chicago Butter and Egg Board">Chicago Butter and Egg Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churning_(butter)" title="Churning (butter)">Churning</a></li> <li>Butter manufacturers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_(brand)" title="Anchor (brand)">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_O%27Lakes" title="Land O'Lakes">Land O'Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurpak" title="Lurpak">Lurpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_(SMC_brand)" title="Magnolia (SMC brand)">Magnolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornua" title="Ornua">Ornua</a>/Kerrygold</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugr%C3%A0" title="Plugrà">Plugrà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_(brand)" title="Président (brand)">Président</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Star_(butter)" title="Western Star (butter)">Western Star</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Butter in culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter_sculpture" title="Butter sculpture">Butter sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter_lamb" title="Butter lamb">Butter lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torma" title="Torma">Torma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_lamp" title="Butter lamp">Butter lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_rebellion" title="Butter rebellion">Butter rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttered_cat_paradox" title="Buttered cat paradox">Buttered cat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttered_toast_phenomenon" title="Buttered toast phenomenon">Buttered toast phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_butter_crisis" title="Norwegian butter crisis">Norwegian butter crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter_mountain" title="Butter mountain">Butter mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_butter_flavoring" title="Artificial butter flavoring">Artificial butter flavoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_salt" title="Butter salt">Butter salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_salt" title="Dairy salt">Dairy salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spreads" title="List of spreads">List of spreads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_churning_in_Nepal" title="Butter churning in Nepal">Butter churning in Nepal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Butter" title="Category:Butter">Category: Butter</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Ghee</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ghee" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Ghee">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Ghee" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Ghee">Recipes</a></b> from Wikibooks</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323225" class="extiw" title="d:Q323225">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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