CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Isotopes of ruthenium - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2a017108-e793-4aa4-89e9-a0fc55ba0bf6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Isotopes_of_ruthenium","wgTitle":"Isotopes of ruthenium","wgCurRevisionId":1250436355,"wgRevisionId":1250436355,"wgArticleId":2526988,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from July 2022","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018","Isotopes of ruthenium","Ruthenium","Lists of isotopes by element"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Isotopes_of_ruthenium", "wgRelevantArticleId":2526988,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1374122","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Isotopes of ruthenium - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Isotopes_of_ruthenium rootpage-Isotopes_of_ruthenium skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Isotopes+of+ruthenium" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Isotopes+of+ruthenium" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Isotopes+of+ruthenium" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Isotopes+of+ruthenium" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>List of isotopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isotopes of ruthenium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نظائر الروثينيوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظائر الروثينيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B2tops_del_ruteni" title="Isòtops del ruteni – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isòtops del ruteni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Рутени изотопĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рутени изотопĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopy_ruthenia" title="Izotopy ruthenia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izotopy ruthenia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ισότοπα του ρουθηνίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισότοπα του ρουθηνίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Is%C3%B3topos_de_rutenio" title="Anexo:Isótopos de rutenio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Isótopos de rutenio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایزوتوپ‌های روتنیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایزوتوپ‌های روتنیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_du_ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Isotopes du ruthénium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isotopes du ruthénium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%85%8C%EB%8A%84_%EB%8F%99%EC%9C%84_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="루테늄 동위 원소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루테늄 동위 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop_rutenium" title="Isotop rutenium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Isotop rutenium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_rut%C3%A9nium_izot%C3%B3pjai" title="A ruténium izotópjai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A ruténium izotópjai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopen_van_ruthenium" title="Isotopen van ruthenium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isotopen van ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E4%BD%93" title="ルテニウムの同位体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルテニウムの同位体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Изотопы рутения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изотопы рутения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%95%E5%98%85%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="釕嘅同位素 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釕嘅同位素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%95%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="釕的同位素 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="釕的同位素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1374122#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Isotopes_of_ruthenium" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Isotopes_of_ruthenium" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Isotopes_of_ruthenium" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&oldid=1250436355" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&id=1250436355&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIsotopes_of_ruthenium"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIsotopes_of_ruthenium"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1374122" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Isotopes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">ruthenium</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<sub>44</sub>Ru)</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abundance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>96</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">5.54% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>97</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005250560000000000♠"></span>2.9 d</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">ε</a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium-97" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium-97"><sup>97</sup>Tc</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gamma_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma decay">γ</a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><sup></sup>– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>98</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">1.87% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>99</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">12.8% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>100</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">12.6% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>101</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">17.1% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>102</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">31.6% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>103</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006339206400000000♠"></span>39.26 d</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_minus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta minus decay">β<sup>−</sup></a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium-103" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium-103"><sup>103</sup>Rh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">γ</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><sup></sup>– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>104</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">18.6% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>106</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007322781759999999♠"></span>373.59 d</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">β<sup>−</sup></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium-106" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium-106"><sup>106</sup>Rh</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>A</i><sub>r</sub>°(Ru)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002101070000000000♠"></span>101.07<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.02</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002101070000000000♠"></span>101.07<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.02</span> (<a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Abridged_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">abridged</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="background: #e8e8e8;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_ruthenium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox ruthenium isotopes"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_ruthenium_isotopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Infobox ruthenium isotopes"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_ruthenium_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox ruthenium isotopes"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">ruthenium</a> (<sub>44</sub>Ru) is composed of seven stable <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> (of which two <a href="/wiki/Observationally_stable" class="mw-redirect" title="Observationally stable">may in the future be found radioactive</a>). Additionally, 27 radioactive isotopes have been discovered. Of these <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope">radioisotopes</a>, the most stable are <sup>106</sup>Ru, with a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 373.59 days; <sup>103</sup>Ru, with a half-life of 39.26 days and <sup>97</sup>Ru, with a half-life of 2.9 days. </p><p>Twenty-four other radioisotopes have been characterized with <a href="/wiki/Atomic_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic weight">atomic weights</a> ranging from 86.95 <a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic mass unit">u</a> (<sup>87</sup>Ru) to 119.95 u (<sup>120</sup>Ru). Most of these have half-lives that are less than five minutes, except <sup>94</sup>Ru (half-life: 51.8 minutes), <sup>95</sup>Ru (half-life: 1.643 hours), and <sup>105</sup>Ru (half-life: 4.44 hours). </p><p>The primary <a href="/wiki/Decay_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Decay mode">decay mode</a> before the most abundant isotope, <sup>102</sup>Ru, is <a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">electron capture</a> and the primary mode after is <a href="/wiki/Beta_emission" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta emission">beta emission</a>. The primary <a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">decay product</a> before <sup>102</sup>Ru is <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a> and the primary product after is <a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">rhodium</a>. </p><p>Because of the very high volatility of <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_tetroxide" title="Ruthenium tetroxide">ruthenium tetroxide</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">RuO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span>) ruthenium radioactive isotopes with their relative short half-life are considered as the second most hazardous gaseous isotopes after <a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131">iodine-131</a> in case of release by a nuclear accident.<sup id="cite_ref-Ronneau_1995_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ronneau_1995-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Backman_2004_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Backman_2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beuzet_2012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beuzet_2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two most important isotopes of ruthenium in case of nuclear accident are these with the longest half-life: <sup>103</sup>Ru (39.26 days) and <sup>106</sup>Ru (373.59 days).<sup id="cite_ref-Backman_2004_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Backman_2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_isotopes">List of isotopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of isotopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-105m"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-109m"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-115m"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-117m"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-119m"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-121"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-122"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-123"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-124"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-125"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-85"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-86"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ruthenium-92m"></span> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; white-space: nowrap"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top"> <th rowspan="2">Nuclide<br /><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number"><i>Z</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Neutron_number" title="Neutron number"><i>N</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass" title="Atomic mass">Isotopic mass</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">Da</a>)</span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TMS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">Half-life</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-TNN_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Decay_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Decay mode">Decay<br />mode</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">Daughter<br />isotope</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spin_(particle_physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (particle physics)">Spin</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Parity_(physics)#Nuclei" title="Parity (physics)">parity</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNN_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">Natural abundance</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(mole fraction)</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Excitation energy<sup id="cite_ref-TNN_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Normal proportion </th> <th>Range of variation </th></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-87"> <td><sup>87</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">43 </td> <td>86.94918(64)# </td> <td>50# ms [>1.5 μs] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">β<sup>+</sup></a> </td> <td><sup>87</sup>Tc </td> <td>1/2−# </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-88"> <td><sup>88</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td>87.94026(43)# </td> <td>1.3(3) s [1.2(+3−2) s] </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>88</sup>Tc </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-89"> <td><sup>89</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">45 </td> <td>88.93611(54)# </td> <td>1.38(11) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>89</sup>Tc </td> <td>(7/2)(+#) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-90"> <td><sup>90</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">46 </td> <td>89.92989(32)# </td> <td>11.7(9) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>90</sup>Tc </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-91"> <td><sup>91</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">47 </td> <td>90.92629(63)# </td> <td>7.9(4) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>91</sup>Tc </td> <td>(9/2+) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-91m"> <td rowspan="3" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>91m</sup>Ru </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">80(300)# keV </td> <td rowspan="3">7.6(8) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (>99.9%) </td> <td><sup>91</sup>Tc </td> <td rowspan="3">(1/2−) </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isomeric_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomeric transition">IT</a> (<.1%) </td> <td><sup>91</sup>Ru </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Proton_emission" title="Proton emission">p</a> (<.1%) </td> <td><sup>90</sup>Mo </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-92"> <td><sup>92</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">48 </td> <td>91.92012(32)# </td> <td>3.65(5) min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>92</sup>Tc </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-93"> <td><sup>93</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">49 </td> <td>92.91705(9) </td> <td>59.7(6) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>93</sup>Tc </td> <td>(9/2)+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-93m1"> <td rowspan="3" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>93m1</sup>Ru </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">734.40(10) keV </td> <td rowspan="3">10.8(3) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (78%) </td> <td><sup>93</sup>Tc </td> <td rowspan="3">(1/2)− </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IT (22%) </td> <td><sup>93</sup>Ru </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, p (.027%) </td> <td><sup>92</sup>Mo </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-93m2"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>93m2</sup>Ru </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">2082.6(9) keV </td> <td>2.20(17) μs </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>(21/2)+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-94"> <td><sup>94</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">50 </td> <td>93.911360(14) </td> <td>51.8(6) min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>94</sup>Tc </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-94m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>94m</sup>Ru </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">2644.55(25) keV </td> <td>71(4) μs </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>(8+) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-95"> <td><sup>95</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">51 </td> <td>94.910413(13) </td> <td>1.643(14) h </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>95</sup>Tc </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-96"> <td><sup>96</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">52 </td> <td>95.907598(8) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Observationally_Stable" class="mw-redirect" title="Observationally Stable">Observationally Stable</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td>0.0554(14) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-97"> <td><sup>97</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td>96.907555(9) </td> <td>2.791(4) d </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>97m</sup>Tc </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-98"> <td><sup>98</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">54 </td> <td>97.905287(7) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stable</b> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td>0.0187(3) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-99"> <td><sup>99</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">55 </td> <td>98.9059393(22) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stable</b> </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td>0.1276(14) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-100"> <td><sup>100</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">56 </td> <td>99.9042195(22) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stable</b> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td>0.1260(7) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-101"> <td><sup>101</sup>Ru<sup id="cite_ref-FP_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">57 </td> <td>100.9055821(22) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stable</b> </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td>0.1706(2) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-101m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>101m</sup>Ru </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">527.56(10) keV </td> <td>17.5(4) μs </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>11/2− </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-102"> <td><sup>102</sup>Ru<sup id="cite_ref-FP_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">58 </td> <td>101.9043493(22) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stable</b> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td>0.3155(14) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-103"> <td><sup>103</sup>Ru<sup id="cite_ref-FP_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">59 </td> <td>102.9063238(22) </td> <td>39.26(2) d </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>103</sup>Rh</b> </td> <td>3/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-103m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>103m</sup>Ru </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">238.2(7) keV </td> <td>1.69(7) ms </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>103</sup>Ru </td> <td>11/2− </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-104"> <td><sup>104</sup>Ru<sup id="cite_ref-FP_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">60 </td> <td>103.905433(3) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Observationally Stable</b><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td>0.1862(27) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-105"> <td><sup>105</sup>Ru<sup id="cite_ref-FP_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">61 </td> <td>104.907753(3) </td> <td>4.44(2) h </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>105</sup>Rh </td> <td>3/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-106"> <td><sup>106</sup>Ru<sup id="cite_ref-FP_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">62 </td> <td>105.907329(8) </td> <td>373.59(15) d </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>106</sup>Rh </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-107"> <td><sup>107</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">63 </td> <td>106.90991(13) </td> <td>3.75(5) min </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>107</sup>Rh </td> <td>(5/2)+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-108"> <td><sup>108</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">64 </td> <td>107.91017(12) </td> <td>4.55(5) min </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>108</sup>Rh </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-109"> <td><sup>109</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">65 </td> <td>108.91320(7) </td> <td>34.5(10) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>109</sup>Rh </td> <td>(5/2+)# </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-110"> <td><sup>110</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">66 </td> <td>109.91414(6) </td> <td>11.6(6) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>110</sup>Rh </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-111"> <td><sup>111</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">67 </td> <td>110.91770(8) </td> <td>2.12(7) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>111</sup>Rh </td> <td>(5/2+) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-112"> <td><sup>112</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">68 </td> <td>111.91897(8) </td> <td>1.75(7) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>112</sup>Rh </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-113"> <td><sup>113</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">69 </td> <td>112.92249(8) </td> <td>0.80(5) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>113</sup>Rh </td> <td>(5/2+) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-113m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>113m</sup>Ru </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">130(18) keV </td> <td>510(30) ms </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>(11/2−) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-114"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>114</sup>Ru </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">70 </td> <td rowspan="2">113.92428(25)# </td> <td rowspan="2">0.53(6) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (>99.9%) </td> <td><sup>114</sup>Rh </td> <td rowspan="2">0+ </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Neutron_emission" title="Neutron emission">n</a> (<.1%) </td> <td><sup>113</sup>Rh </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-115"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>115</sup>Ru </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">71 </td> <td rowspan="2">114.92869(14) </td> <td rowspan="2">740(80) ms </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (>99.9%) </td> <td><sup>115</sup>Rh </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n (<.1%) </td> <td><sup>114</sup>Rh </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-116"> <td><sup>116</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">72 </td> <td>115.93081(75)# </td> <td>400# ms [>300 ns] </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>116</sup>Rh </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-117"> <td><sup>117</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">73 </td> <td>116.93558(75)# </td> <td>300# ms [>300 ns] </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>117</sup>Rh </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-118"> <td><sup>118</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">74 </td> <td>117.93782(86)# </td> <td>200# ms [>300 ns] </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>118</sup>Rh </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-119"> <td><sup>119</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">75 </td> <td>118.94284(75)# </td> <td>170# ms [>300 ns] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Ruthenium-120"> <td><sup>120</sup>Ru </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right">76 </td> <td>119.94531(86)# </td> <td>80# ms [>300 ns] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="20" style="text-align:right; line-height:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>This table header & footer:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Isotopes_table" title="Template:Isotopes table"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li></ul></div></span> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup>m</sup>Ru –  Excited <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_isomer" title="Nuclear isomer">nuclear isomer</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( ) –  Uncertainty (1<i>σ</i>) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TMS_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"># –  Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNN-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"># –  Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Modes of decay: <table style="margin-left:1.5em;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.1em; vertical-align: top"> <td>IT:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isomeric_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomeric transition">Isomeric transition</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.1em; vertical-align: top"> <td>n:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutron_emission" title="Neutron emission">Neutron emission</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.1em; vertical-align: top"> <td>p:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton_emission" title="Proton emission">Proton emission</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Bold symbol</b> as daughter –  Daughter product is stable.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( ) spin value –  Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Believed to undergo β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup> decay to <b><sup>96</sup>Mo</b> with a half-life over 6.7×10<sup>16</sup> years</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FP-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FP_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">Fission product</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Believed to undergo β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup> decay to <b><sup>104</sup>Pd</b></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass" title="Atomic mass">atomic mass</a> may exceed the stated value for such specimens.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In September 2017 an estimated amount of 100 to 300 TBq (0.3 to 1 g) of <sup>106</sup>Ru was released in Russia, probably in the Ural region. It was, after ruling out release from a reentering satellite, concluded that the source is to be found either in nuclear fuel cycle facilities or radioactive source production. In France levels up to 0.036mBq/m<sup>3</sup> of air were measured. It is estimated that over distances of the order of a few tens of kilometres around the location of the release levels may exceed the limits for non-dairy foodstuffs.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruthenium-96.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ruthenium-96.png/220px-Ruthenium-96.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ruthenium-96.png/330px-Ruthenium-96.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Ruthenium-96.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="129" /></a><figcaption>Ruthenium-96</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKondevWangHuangNaimi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf">"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Chinese Physics C</i>. <b>45</b> (3): 030001. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddae">10.1088/1674-1137/abddae</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Physics+C&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE2020+evaluation+of+nuclear+properties&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=030001&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddae&rft.aulast=Kondev&rft.aufirst=F.+G.&rft.au=Wang%2C+M.&rft.au=Huang%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=Naimi%2C+S.&rft.au=Audi%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-nds.iaea.org%2Famdc%2Fame2020%2FNUBASE2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/ruthenium.htm">"Standard Atomic Weights: Ruthenium"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights" title="Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights">CIAAW</a>. 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Atomic+Weights%3A+Ruthenium&rft.pub=CIAAW&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Fruthenium.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2022" class="citation journal cs1">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2019-0603/html">"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">1365-3075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ronneau_1995-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ronneau_1995_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronneau, C., Cara, J., & Rimski-Korsakov, A. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0265-931X(95)91633-F">Oxidation-enhanced emission of ruthenium from nuclear fuel</a>. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 26(1), 63-70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Backman_2004-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Backman_2004_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Backman_2004_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Backman, U., Lipponen, M., Auvinen, A., Jokiniemi, J., & Zilliacus, R. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/36/031/36031958.pdf">Ruthenium behaviour in severe nuclear accident conditions</a>. Final report (No. NKS–100). Nordisk Kernesikkerhedsforskning.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beuzet_2012-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beuzet_2012_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beuzet, E., Lamy, J. S., Perron, H., Simoni, E., & Ducros, G. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/50047444/Ruthenium_release_modelling_in_air_and_s20161101-1709-kv6n0y.pdf">Ruthenium release modelling in air and steam atmospheres under severe accident conditions using the MAAP4 code</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 246, 157-162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.irsn.fr/EN/newsroom/News/Documents/IRSN_Information-Report_Ruthenium-106-in-europe_20171109.pdf">[1]</a> Detection of ruthenium 106 in France and in Europe, IRSN France (9 Nov 2017)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Isotope masses from: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAudiBersillonBlachotWapstra2003" class="citation cs2">Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; <a href="/wiki/Aaldert_Wapstra" title="Aaldert Wapstra">Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik</a> (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document">"The N<small>UBASE</small> evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"</a>, <i>Nuclear Physics A</i>, <b>729</b>: 3–128, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+N%3Csmall%3EUBASE%3C%2Fsmall%3E+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&rft.volume=729&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Blachot%2C+Jean&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+Aaldert+Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fin2p3-00020241%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_LaeterBöhlkeDe_BièvreHidaka2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_de_Laeter" title="John Robert de Laeter">de Laeter, John Robert</a>; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683">"Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry">Pure and Applied Chemistry</a></i>. <b>75</b> (6): 683–800. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683">10.1351/pac200375060683</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements.+Review+2000+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=683-800&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac200375060683&rft.aulast=de+Laeter&rft.aufirst=John+Robert&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+Karl&rft.au=De+Bi%C3%A8vre%2C+Paul&rft.au=Hidaka%2C+Hiroshi&rft.au=Peiser%2C+H.+Steffen&rft.au=Rosman%2C+Kevin+J.+R.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Philip+D.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1351%252Fpac200375060683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWieser2006" class="citation journal cs1">Wieser, Michael E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051">"Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry">Pure and Applied Chemistry</a></i>. <b>78</b> (11): 2051–2066. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051">10.1351/pac200678112051</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2005+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2051-2066&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac200678112051&rft.aulast=Wieser&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1351%252Fpac200678112051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html">"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised"</a>. <i>International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. 19 October 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=News+%26+Notices%3A+Standard+Atomic+Weights+Revised&rft.date=2005-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.iupac.org%2Fnews%2Farchives%2F2005%2Fatomic-weights_revised05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAudiBersillonBlachotWapstra2003" class="citation cs2">Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; <a href="/wiki/Aaldert_Wapstra" title="Aaldert Wapstra">Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik</a> (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document">"The N<small>UBASE</small> evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"</a>, <i>Nuclear Physics A</i>, <b>729</b>: 3–128, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+N%3Csmall%3EUBASE%3C%2Fsmall%3E+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&rft.volume=729&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Blachot%2C+Jean&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+Aaldert+Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fin2p3-00020241%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Nuclear_Data_Center" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Data_Center" title="National Nuclear Data Center">National Nuclear Data Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/">"NuDat 2.x database"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NuDat+2.x+database&rft.pub=Brookhaven+National+Laboratory&rft.au=National+Nuclear+Data+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fnudat2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden2004" class="citation book cs1">Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i> (85th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida" title="Boca Raton, Florida">Boca Raton, Florida</a>: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9"><bdi>978-0-8493-0485-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=11.+Table+of+the+Isotopes&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.edition=85th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Norman+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+ruthenium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Isotopes_of_the_chemical_elements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Template:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Template talk:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isotopes_of_the_chemical_elements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Isotopes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:110%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="border-spacing:1px;display:block;overflow:auto;width:100%;margin:0 !important"> <tbody><tr style="line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <th style="text-align:right; width:3%; background:transparent"><small><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></small> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td style="width:2%">  </td> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <th style="text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; background:transparent"><small><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></small> </th> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Hydrogen and<br />alkali metals </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Alkaline<br />earth metals </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Pnictogens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Chalcogens </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Halogens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Noble gases </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ①" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">①</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a></b></div>1 </td> <td colspan="17"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium" title="Isotopes of helium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of helium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a></b></div>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ②" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">②</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium" title="Isotopes of lithium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lithium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a></b></div>3 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_beryllium" title="Isotopes of beryllium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_beryllium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of beryllium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a></b></div>4 </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron" title="Isotopes of boron">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of boron">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a></b></div>5 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon" title="Isotopes of carbon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of carbon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a></b></div>6 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nitrogen" title="Isotopes of nitrogen">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nitrogen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nitrogen">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a></b></div>7 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen" title="Isotopes of oxygen">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of oxygen">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a></b></div>8 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine" title="Isotopes of fluorine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of fluorine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a></b></div>9 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon" title="Isotopes of neon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a></b></div>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ③" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">③</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium" title="Isotopes of sodium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of sodium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a></b></div>11 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_magnesium" title="Isotopes of magnesium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_magnesium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of magnesium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a></b></div>12 </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminium" title="Isotopes of aluminium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of aluminium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a></b></div>13 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silicon" title="Isotopes of silicon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silicon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of silicon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a></b></div>14 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus" title="Isotopes of phosphorus">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of phosphorus">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a></b></div>15 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sulfur" title="Isotopes of sulfur">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sulfur#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of sulfur">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a></b></div>16 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine" title="Isotopes of chlorine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of chlorine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a></b></div>17 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon" title="Isotopes of argon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of argon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a></b></div>18 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ④" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">④</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium" title="Isotopes of potassium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of potassium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a></b></div>19 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_calcium" title="Isotopes of calcium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_calcium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of calcium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a></b></div>20 </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_scandium" title="Isotopes of scandium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_scandium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of scandium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a></b></div>21 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_titanium" title="Isotopes of titanium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_titanium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of titanium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a></b></div>22 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_vanadium" title="Isotopes of vanadium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_vanadium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of vanadium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a></b></div>23 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium" title="Isotopes of chromium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of chromium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a></b></div>24 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese" title="Isotopes of manganese">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of manganese">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a></b></div>25 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron" title="Isotopes of iron">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iron">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a></b></div>26 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cobalt" title="Isotopes of cobalt">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cobalt#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cobalt">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a></b></div>27 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel" title="Isotopes of nickel">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nickel">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a></b></div>28 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper" title="Isotopes of copper">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of copper">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a></b></div>29 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zinc" title="Isotopes of zinc">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zinc#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of zinc">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a></b></div>30 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gallium" title="Isotopes of gallium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gallium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gallium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a></b></div>31 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_germanium" title="Isotopes of germanium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_germanium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of germanium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a></b></div>32 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic" title="Isotopes of arsenic">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of arsenic">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a></b></div>33 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_selenium" title="Isotopes of selenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_selenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of selenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a></b></div>34 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine" title="Isotopes of bromine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bromine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a></b></div>35 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_krypton" title="Isotopes of krypton">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_krypton#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of krypton">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a></b></div>36 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑤" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">⑤</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium" title="Isotopes of rubidium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rubidium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a></b></div>37 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium" title="Isotopes of strontium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of strontium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a></b></div>38 </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_yttrium" title="Isotopes of yttrium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_yttrium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of yttrium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a></b></div>39 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zirconium" title="Isotopes of zirconium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zirconium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of zirconium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a></b></div>40 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium" title="Isotopes of niobium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of niobium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a></b></div>41 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_molybdenum" title="Isotopes of molybdenum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_molybdenum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of molybdenum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a></b></div>42 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium" title="Isotopes of technetium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of technetium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a></b></div>43 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isotopes</a>  <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#List_of_isotopes">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a></b></div>44 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhodium" title="Isotopes of rhodium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhodium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rhodium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a></b></div>45 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_palladium" title="Isotopes of palladium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_palladium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of palladium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a></b></div>46 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver" title="Isotopes of silver">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of silver">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a></b></div>47 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cadmium" title="Isotopes of cadmium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cadmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cadmium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a></b></div>48 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_indium" title="Isotopes of indium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_indium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of indium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a></b></div>49 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tin" title="Isotopes of tin">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tin#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tin">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a></b></div>50 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_antimony" title="Isotopes of antimony">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_antimony#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of antimony">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a></b></div>51 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tellurium" title="Isotopes of tellurium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tellurium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tellurium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a></b></div>52 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iodine" title="Isotopes of iodine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iodine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iodine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a></b></div>53 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_xenon" title="Isotopes of xenon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_xenon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of xenon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a></b></div>54 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑥" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">⑥</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium" title="Isotopes of caesium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of caesium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a></b></div>55 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_barium" title="Isotopes of barium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_barium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of barium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a></b></div>56 </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#9bff99;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lutetium" title="Isotopes of lutetium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lutetium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lutetium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a></b></div>71 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hafnium" title="Isotopes of hafnium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hafnium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hafnium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a></b></div>72 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum" title="Isotopes of tantalum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tantalum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a></b></div>73 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten" title="Isotopes of tungsten">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tungsten">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a></b></div>74 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhenium" title="Isotopes of rhenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rhenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a></b></div>75 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_osmium" title="Isotopes of osmium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_osmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of osmium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a></b></div>76 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium" title="Isotopes of iridium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iridium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a></b></div>77 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_platinum" title="Isotopes of platinum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_platinum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of platinum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a></b></div>78 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gold" title="Isotopes of gold">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gold#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gold">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a></b></div>79 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mercury" title="Isotopes of mercury">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mercury#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of mercury">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a></b></div>80 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium" title="Isotopes of thallium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thallium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a></b></div>81 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lead" title="Isotopes of lead">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lead#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lead">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a></b></div>82 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bismuth" title="Isotopes of bismuth">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bismuth#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bismuth">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a></b></div>83 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_polonium" title="Isotopes of polonium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_polonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of polonium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a></b></div>84 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine" title="Isotopes of astatine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of astatine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a></b></div>85 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon" title="Isotopes of radon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of radon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a></b></div>86 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑦" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">⑦</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_francium" title="Isotopes of francium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_francium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of francium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a></b></div>87 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium" title="Isotopes of radium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of radium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a></b></div>88 </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#9bff99;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lawrencium" title="Isotopes of lawrencium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lawrencium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lawrencium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a></b></div>103 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rutherfordium" title="Isotopes of rutherfordium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rutherfordium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rutherfordium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a></b></div>104 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dubnium" title="Isotopes of dubnium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dubnium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of dubnium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a></b></div>105 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_seaborgium" title="Isotopes of seaborgium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_seaborgium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of seaborgium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a></b></div>106 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bohrium" title="Isotopes of bohrium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bohrium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bohrium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a></b></div>107 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hassium" title="Isotopes of hassium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hassium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hassium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a></b></div>108 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_meitnerium" title="Isotopes of meitnerium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_meitnerium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of meitnerium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a></b></div>109 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_darmstadtium" title="Isotopes of darmstadtium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_darmstadtium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of darmstadtium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a></b></div>110 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_roentgenium" title="Isotopes of roentgenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_roentgenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of roentgenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a></b></div>111 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copernicium" title="Isotopes of copernicium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copernicium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of copernicium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a></b></div>112 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nihonium" title="Isotopes of nihonium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nihonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nihonium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a></b></div>113 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_flerovium" title="Isotopes of flerovium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_flerovium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of flerovium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a></b></div>114 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_moscovium" title="Isotopes of moscovium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_moscovium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of moscovium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a></b></div>115 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_livermorium" title="Isotopes of livermorium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_livermorium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of livermorium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a></b></div>116 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine" title="Isotopes of tennessine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tennessine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a></b></div>117 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oganesson" title="Isotopes of oganesson">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oganesson#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of oganesson">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a></b></div>118 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑧" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_8_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 8 element">⑧</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#eee;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ununennium" title="Isotopes of ununennium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ununennium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ununennium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Uue</a></b></div>119 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#eee;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_unbinilium" title="Isotopes of unbinilium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_unbinilium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of unbinilium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium">Ubn</a></b></div>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="20" style="height:1.4em;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a></b></div>57 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cerium" title="Isotopes of cerium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cerium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cerium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a></b></div>58 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_praseodymium" title="Isotopes of praseodymium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_praseodymium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of praseodymium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a></b></div>59 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neodymium" title="Isotopes of neodymium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neodymium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neodymium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a></b></div>60 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_promethium" title="Isotopes of promethium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_promethium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of promethium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a></b></div>61 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_samarium" title="Isotopes of samarium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_samarium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of samarium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a></b></div>62 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_europium" title="Isotopes of europium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_europium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of europium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a></b></div>63 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gadolinium" title="Isotopes of gadolinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gadolinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gadolinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a></b></div>64 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_terbium" title="Isotopes of terbium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_terbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of terbium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a></b></div>65 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dysprosium" title="Isotopes of dysprosium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dysprosium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of dysprosium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a></b></div>66 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_holmium" title="Isotopes of holmium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_holmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of holmium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a></b></div>67 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_erbium" title="Isotopes of erbium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_erbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of erbium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a></b></div>68 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium" title="Isotopes of thulium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thulium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a></b></div>69 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ytterbium" title="Isotopes of ytterbium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ytterbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ytterbium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a></b></div>70 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_actinium" title="Isotopes of actinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_actinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of actinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a></b></div>89 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium" title="Isotopes of thorium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thorium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a></b></div>90 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium" title="Isotopes of protactinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of protactinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a></b></div>91 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_uranium" title="Isotopes of uranium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_uranium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of uranium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a></b></div>92 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neptunium" title="Isotopes of neptunium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neptunium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neptunium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a></b></div>93 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_plutonium" title="Isotopes of plutonium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_plutonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of plutonium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a></b></div>94 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_americium" title="Isotopes of americium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_americium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of americium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a></b></div>95 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_curium" title="Isotopes of curium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_curium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of curium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a></b></div>96 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_berkelium" title="Isotopes of berkelium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_berkelium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of berkelium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a></b></div>97 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_californium" title="Isotopes of californium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_californium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of californium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a></b></div>98 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_einsteinium" title="Isotopes of einsteinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_einsteinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of einsteinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a></b></div>99 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium" title="Isotopes of fermium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of fermium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a></b></div>100 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mendelevium" title="Isotopes of mendelevium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mendelevium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of mendelevium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a></b></div>101 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nobelium" title="Isotopes of nobelium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nobelium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nobelium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a></b></div>102 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_nuclides" title="Table of nuclides">Table of nuclides</a></li> <li>Categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:Isotopes" title="Category:Isotopes">Isotopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tables_of_nuclides" title="Category:Tables of nuclides">Tables of nuclides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metastable_isotopes" title="Category:Metastable isotopes">Metastable isotopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_isotopes_by_element" title="Category:Lists of isotopes by element">Isotopes by element</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&oldid=1250436355">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&oldid=1250436355</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Isotopes_of_ruthenium" title="Category:Isotopes of ruthenium">Isotopes of ruthenium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ruthenium" title="Category:Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_isotopes_by_element" title="Category:Lists of isotopes by element">Lists of isotopes by element</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2022">Articles with dead external links from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 October 2024, at 12:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-w5vlv","wgBackendResponseTime":142,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.303","walltime":"4.536","ppvisitednodes":{"value":142421,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":300360,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":72892,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":50,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":54445,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4372.962 1 -total"," 71.91% 3144.564 1 Template:Navbox_element_isotopes"," 71.80% 3139.600 1 Template:Navbox"," 69.84% 3053.966 120 Template:Element_cell/isotopes"," 52.12% 2279.370 1489 Template:In_string"," 47.92% 2095.516 243 Template:Infobox_element/symbol-to-name"," 47.33% 2069.737 243 Template:Infobox_element/symbol-to-name/format"," 19.01% 831.442 1 Template:Infobox_ruthenium_isotopes"," 18.92% 827.478 1 Template:Infobox_isotopes_(meta)"," 18.84% 823.820 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.062","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11117174,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","2080","52.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","760","19.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","660","16.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","140","3.5"],["(for generator)","60","1.5"],["type","40","1.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","1.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","1.0"],["makePackageModule \u003Cmw.lua:18\u003E","40","1.0"],["newFrame \u003Cmw.lua:153\u003E","40","1.0"],["[others]","80","2.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7ztkk","timestamp":"20241122164907","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Isotopes of ruthenium","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isotopes_of_ruthenium","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1374122","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1374122","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-08-24T10:43:35Z","dateModified":"2024-10-10T12:00:01Z","headline":"Second most hazardous gaseous isotopes after iodine-131 in case of release by a nuclear accident"}</script> </body> </html>