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emissions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: amine emissions"> <meta name="keywords" content="amine emissions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="amine emissions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1615</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: amine emissions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1615</span> Synthesis of Amine Functionalized MOF-74 for Carbon Dioxide Capture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghulam%20Murshid">Ghulam Murshid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samil%20Ullah"> Samil Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scientific studies suggested that the incremented greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere, particularly of carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major factors in global warming. The concentration of CO2 in our climate has crossed the milestone level of 400 parts per million (ppm) hence breaking the record of human history. A report by 49 researchers from 10 countries said, 'Global CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels will rise to a record 36 billion metric tons (39.683 billion tons) this year.' Main contributors of CO2 in to the atmosphere are usage of fossil fuel, transportation sector and power generation plants. Among all available technologies, which include; absorption via chemicals, membrane separation, cryogenic and adsorption are in practice around the globe. Adsorption of CO2 using metal organic frameworks (MOF) is getting interest of researcher around the globe. In the current work, MOF-74 as well as modified MOF-74 with a sterically hindered amine (AMP) was synthesized and characterized. The modification was carried out using a sterically hindered amine in order to study the effect on its adsorption capacity. Resulting samples were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analyser (TGA) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The FTIR results clearly confirmed the formation of MOF-74 structure and the presence of AMP. FESEM and TEM revealed the topography and morphology of the both MOF-74 and amine modified MOF. BET isotherm result shows that due to the addition of AMP in to the structure, significant enhancement of CO2 adsorption was observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorbents" title="adsorbents">adsorbents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine" title=" amine"> amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2" title=" CO2"> CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title=" global warming "> global warming </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34976/synthesis-of-amine-functionalized-mof-74-for-carbon-dioxide-capture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1614</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Model Amines for Corrosion Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Vergara">John Vergara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giuseppe%20Palmese"> Giuseppe Palmese</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fundamental studies aimed at elucidating the key contributions to corrosion performance are needed to make progress toward effective and environmentally compliant corrosion control. Epoxy/amine systems are typically employed as barrier coatings for corrosion control. However, the hardening agents used for coating applications can be very complex, making fundamental studies of water and oxygen permeability challenging to carry out. Creating model building blocks for epoxy/amine coatings is the first step in carrying out these studies. We will demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of model amine building blocks from saturated fatty acids and simple amines such as diethylenetriamine (DETA) and Bis(3-aminopropyl)amine. The structure-property relationship of thermosets made from these model amines and Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGBEA) will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20block" title="building block">building block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine" title=" amine"> amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19436/synthesis-and-characterization-of-model-amines-for-corrosion-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">540</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1613</span> Effect of Amine-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes on the Properties of CNT-PAN Composite Nanofibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Eren">O. Eren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ucar"> N. Ucar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Onen"> A. Onen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1ldag"> N. Kızıldag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20F.%20Vurur"> O. F. Vurur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Demirsoy"> N. Demirsoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Karacan"> I. Karacan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PAN nanofibers reinforced with amine functionalized carbon nanotubes. The effect of amine functionalization and the effect of concentration of CNT on the conductivity and mechanical and morphological properties of composite nanofibers were examined. 1%CNT-NH2 loaded PAN/CNT nanofiber showed the best mechanical properties. Conductivity increased with the incorporation of carbon nanotubes. While an increase of the concentration of CNT increases the diameter of nanofiber, the use of functionalized CNT results to a decrease of diameter of nanofiber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20functionalized%20carbon%20nanotube" title="amine functionalized carbon nanotube">amine functionalized carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title=" electrospinning"> electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber" title=" nanofiber"> nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylonitrile" title=" polyacrylonitrile"> polyacrylonitrile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7723/effect-of-amine-functionalized-carbon-nanotubes-on-the-properties-of-cnt-pan-composite-nanofibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1612</span> Ammonia and Biogenic Amine Production of Fish Spoilage Bacteria: Affected by Olive Leaf, Olive Cake and Black Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kuley">E. Kuley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Durmu%C5%9F"> M. Durmuş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Balikci"> E. Balikci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Ozyurt"> G. Ozyurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20U%C3%A7ar"> Y. Uçar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Kuley"> F. Kuley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ozogul"> F. Ozogul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ozogul"> Y. Ozogul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ammonia and biogenic amine production of fish spoilage bacteria in sardine infusion decarboxylase broth and antimicrobial effect of olive by products (olive leaf extract:OL, olive cake: OC and black water:BW) was monitored using HPLC method. Fish spoilage bacteria produced all biogenic amine tested, mainly histamine and serotonin. Ammonia was accumulated more than 13.60 mg/L. Histamine production was in range 37.50 mg/L by Ser. liquefaciens and 86.71 mg/L by Ent. cloacae. The highest putrescine and cadaverine production was observed by Ent. cloacae (17.80 vs. 17.69 mg/L). The presence of OL, OC and BW in the broth significantly affected biogenic amine accumulation by bacteria. The antibacterial effect of olive by products depended on bacterial strains. OL and OC resulted in significant inhibition effect on HIS accumulation by bacteria apart from Ser. liquefaciens and Prot. mirabilis. The study result revealed that usefulness of OL and OC to prevent the accumulation of this amine which may affect human health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antimicrobials" title="Antimicrobials">Antimicrobials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogenic%20amine" title=" biogenic amine"> biogenic amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20spoilage%20bacteria" title=" fish spoilage bacteria"> fish spoilage bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive-by%20products" title=" olive-by products"> olive-by products</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19395/ammonia-and-biogenic-amine-production-of-fish-spoilage-bacteria-affected-by-olive-leaf-olive-cake-and-black-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1611</span> Synthesis, Characterization of Pd Nanoparticle Supported on Amine-Functionalized Graphene and Its Catalytic Activity for Suzuki Coupling Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surjyakanta%20Rana">Surjyakanta Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sreekantha%20B.%20Jonnalagadda"> Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synthesis of well distributed Pd nanoparticles (3 – 7 nm) on organo amine-functionalized graphene is reported, which demonstrated excellent catalytic activity towards Suzuki coupling reaction. The active material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and HRTEM. FT-IR revealed that the organic amine functional group was successfully grafted onto the graphene oxide surface. The formation of palladium nanoparticles was confirmed by XPS, TEM and HRTEM techniques. The catalytic activity in the coupling reaction was superb with 100% conversion and 98 % yield and also activity remained almost unaltered up to six cycles. Typically, an extremely high turnover frequency of 185,078 h-1 is observed in the C-C Suzuki coupling reaction using organo di-amine functionalized graphene as catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di-amine" title="Di-amine">Di-amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pd%20nanoparticle" title=" Pd nanoparticle"> Pd nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suzuki%20coupling" title=" suzuki coupling"> suzuki coupling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31977/synthesis-characterization-of-pd-nanoparticle-supported-on-amine-functionalized-graphene-and-its-catalytic-activity-for-suzuki-coupling-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1610</span> DFT Insights into CO₂ Capture Mechanisms and Kinetics in Diamine-Appended Grafted Mg₂ (dobpdc) Metal- Organic Frameworks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mao-Sheng%20Su">Mao-Sheng Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santhanamoorthi%20Nachimuthu"> Santhanamoorthi Nachimuthu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyh-Chiang%20Jiang"> Jyh-Chiang Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change is widely recognized as a global crisis, with anthropogenic CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes being major contributors. To address this challenge, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology has emerged as a key strategy for selectively capturing CO₂ from flue gas streams. Among the various solid adsorbents, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are notable for their extensive surface area and controllable pore chemistry. The porous MOF structure is comprised of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic linker compounds. In particular, the pore parameters of MOFs are readily tunable, making them promising materials for CO₂ capture applications. Among these, amine-functionalized MOFs have demonstrated exceptional CO₂ capture abilities because their high uptake capacity and selectivity. In this study, we have investigated the CO₂ capture abilities and adsorption mechanisms of the diamine-appended framework N-Ethylethylenediamine-Mg₂(4,4’-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3’-dicarboxylate) (e-2-Mg₂(dobpdc)) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Previous studies have suggested that CO₂ can be captured via both outer- and inner-amine binding sites. Our findings reveal that CO₂ adsorption at the outer amine site is kinetically more favorable compared to the inner amine site, with a lower energy barrier of 1.34 eV for CO₂ physisorption to chemisorption compared to the inner amine, which has an activation barrier of 1.60 eV. Furthermore, we find that CO₂ adsorption is significantly enhanced in an alkaline environment, as deprotonation of the diamine molecule reduces the energy barrier to 0.24 eV. This theoretical study provides detailed insights into CO₂ adsorption in diamine-appended e-2-Mg₂(dobpdc) MOF, offering a deeper understanding of CO₂ capture mechanisms and valuable information for the advancement of effective CO₂ sequestration technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title="DFT">DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOFs" title=" MOFs"> MOFs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20capture" title=" CO₂ capture"> CO₂ capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192123/dft-insights-into-co2-capture-mechanisms-and-kinetics-in-diamine-appended-grafted-mg2-dobpdc-metal-organic-frameworks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1609</span> Characterization of Aerosol Droplet in Absorption Columns to Avoid Amine Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Majeed">Hammad Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanna%20Knuutila"> Hanna Knuutila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magne%20Hilestad"> Magne Hilestad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hallvard%20Svendsen"> Hallvard Svendsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formation of aerosols can cause serious complications in industrial exhaust gas CO2 capture processes. SO3 present in the flue gas can cause aerosol formation in an absorption based capture process. Small mist droplets and fog formed can normally not be removed in conventional demisting equipment because their submicron size allows the particles or droplets to follow the gas flow. As a consequence of this aerosol based emissions in the order of grams per Nm3 have been identified from PCCC plants. In absorption processes aerosols are generated by spontaneous condensation or desublimation processes in supersaturated gas phases. Undesired aerosol development may lead to amine emissions many times larger than what would be encountered in a mist free gas phase in PCCC development. It is thus of crucial importance to understand the formation and build-up of these aerosols in order to mitigate the problem.Rigorous modelling of aerosol dynamics leads to a system of partial differential equations. In order to understand mechanics of a particle entering an absorber an implementation of the model is created in Matlab. The model predicts the droplet size, the droplet internal variable profiles and the mass transfer fluxes as function of position in the absorber. The Matlab model is based on a subclass method of weighted residuals for boundary value problems named, orthogonal collocation method. The model comprises a set of mass transfer equations for transferring components and the essential diffusion reaction equations to describe the droplet internal profiles for all relevant constituents. Also included is heat transfer across the interface and inside the droplet. This paper presents results describing the basic simulation tool for the characterization of aerosols formed in CO2 absorption columns and gives examples as to how various entering droplets grow or shrink through an absorber and how their composition changes with respect to time. Below are given some preliminary simulation results for an aerosol droplet composition and temperature profiles. Results: As an example a droplet of initial size of 3 microns, initially containing a 5M MEA, solution is exposed to an atmosphere free of MEA. Composition of the gas phase and temperature is changing with respect to time throughout the absorber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20solvents" title="amine solvents">amine solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions" title=" emissions"> emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20climate%20change" title=" global climate change"> global climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20and%20modelling" title=" simulation and modelling"> simulation and modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol%20generation" title=" aerosol generation"> aerosol generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53158/characterization-of-aerosol-droplet-in-absorption-columns-to-avoid-amine-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1608</span> Calculation of Methane Emissions from Wetlands in Slovakia via IPCC Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozef%20Mindas">Jozef Mindas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Skvareninova"> Jana Skvareninova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wetlands are a main natural source of methane emissions, but they also represent the important biodiversity reservoirs in the landscape. There are about 26 thousands hectares of wetlands in Slovakia identified via the wetlands monitoring program. Created database of wetlands in Slovakia allows to analyze several ecological processes including also the methane emissions estimate. Based on the information from the database, the first estimate of the methane emissions from wetlands in Slovakia has been done. The IPCC methodology (Tier 1 approach) has been used with proposed emission factors for the ice-free period derived from the climatic data. The highest methane emissions of nearly 550 Gg are associated with the category of fens. Almost 11 Gg of methane is emitted from bogs, and emissions from flooded lands represent less than 8 Gg. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bogs" title="bogs">bogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20emissions" title=" methane emissions"> methane emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slovakia" title=" Slovakia"> Slovakia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetlands" title=" wetlands"> wetlands</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52427/calculation-of-methane-emissions-from-wetlands-in-slovakia-via-ipcc-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1607</span> Analysis of the CO2 Emissions of Public Passenger Transport in Tianjin City of China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Zhao">Tao Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianshuo%20Xu"> Xianshuo Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-carbon public passenger transport is an important part of low carbon city. The CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of public passenger transport in Tianjin from 1995 to 2010 are estimated with IPCC CO<sub>2</sub> counting method, which shows that the total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of Tianjin public passenger transport have gradually become stable at 1,425.1 thousand tons. And then the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of the buses, taxies, and rail transits are calculated respectively. A CO<sub>2</sub> emission of 829.9 thousand tons makes taxies become the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emissions source among the public passenger transport in Tianjin. Combining with passenger volume, this paper analyzes the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions proportion of the buses, taxies, and rail transits compare the passenger transport rate with the proportion of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, as well as the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions change of per 10,000 people. The passenger volume proportion of bus among the three public means of transport is 72.62% which is much higher than its CO<sub>2</sub> emissions proportion of 36.01%, with the minimum number of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per 10,000 people of 4.90 tons. The countermeasures to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of public passenger transport in Tianjin are to develop rail transit, update vehicles and use alternative fuel vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20passenger%20transport" title="public passenger transport">public passenger transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emissions" title=" carbon emissions"> carbon emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=countermeasures" title=" countermeasures"> countermeasures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26131/analysis-of-the-co2-emissions-of-public-passenger-transport-in-tianjin-city-of-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1606</span> Investigation of Main Operating Parameters Affecting Gas Turbine Efficiency and Gas Releases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhat%20Hajer">Farhat Hajer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khir%20Tahar"> Khir Tahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Ben%20Brahim"> Ammar Ben Brahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents a study on the influence of the main operating variables on the gas turbine cycle. A numerical simulation of a gas turbine cycle is performed for a real net power of 100 MW. A calculation code is developed using EES software. The operating variables are taken in conformity with the local environmental conditions adopted by the Tunisian Society of Electricity and Gas. Results show that the increase of ambient temperature leads to an increase of Tpz and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions rate and a decrease of cycle efficiency and UHC emissions. The CO emissions decrease with the raise of residence time, while NO<sub>x</sub> emissions rate increases and UHC emissions rate decreases. Furthermore, both of cycle efficiency and NOx emissions increase with the increase of the pressure ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carbon%20monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">Carbon monoxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efficiency" title=" Efficiency"> Efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emissions" title=" Emissions"> Emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gas%20Turbine" title=" Gas Turbine"> Gas Turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nox" title=" Nox"> Nox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHC" title=" UHC"> UHC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69221/investigation-of-main-operating-parameters-affecting-gas-turbine-efficiency-and-gas-releases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1605</span> Investigation of Alfa Fibers Reinforced Epoxy-Amine Composites Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Boukerrou">Amar Boukerrou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouerdia%20Belhadj"> Ouerdia Belhadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalila%20Hammiche"> Dalila Hammiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Francois%20Gerard"> Jean Francois Gerard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jannick%20Rumeau"> Jannick Rumeau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main goal of this study is the investigation of alfa fiber content, treated with alkali treatment, on the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy-amine matrix-based composites. The fibers were treated with 5% of sodium hydroxide solution and varied between 10% to 30% weight fractions. The tensile, flexural, and hardness tests are carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of composites. The results show those composites’ mechanical properties are higher than the neat epoxy-amine. It was noticed that the alkali treatment is more effective in the case of the tensile and flexural modulus than the tensile and flexural strength. The decline of both the tensile and flexural behavior of all composites with the increasing of the filler content was due probably to the random dispersion of the fibers in the epoxy resin The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was employed to analyze the chemical structure of epoxy resin before and after curing with amine hardener. FTIR and DSC analysis confirmed that epoxy resin was completely cured with amine hardener at room temperature. SEM analysis has highlighted the microstructure of epoxy matrix and its composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alfa%20fiber" title="alfa fiber">alfa fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20resin" title=" epoxy resin"> epoxy resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20treatment" title=" alkali treatment"> alkali treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152199/investigation-of-alfa-fibers-reinforced-epoxy-amine-composites-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1604</span> Chiral Amine Synthesis and Recovery by Using High Molecular Weight Amine Donors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudia%20Matassa">Claudia Matassa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Hohne"> Matthias Hohne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominic%20Ormerod"> Dominic Ormerod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamini%20Satyawali"> Yamini Satyawali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chiral amines integrate the backbone of several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used in modern medicine for the treatment of a vast range of diseases. Despite the demand, their synthesis remains challenging. Besides a range of chemicals and enzymatical methods, chiral amine synthesis using transaminases (EC 2.6.1.W) represents a useful alternative to access this important class of compounds. Even though transaminases exhibit excellent stereo and regioselectivity and the potential for high yield, the reaction suffers from a number of challenges, including the thermodynamic equilibrium, product inhibition, and low substrate solubility. In this work, we demonstrate a membrane assisted strategy for addressing these challenges. It involves the use of high molecular weight (HMW) amine donors for the transaminase-catalyzed synthesis of 4-phenyl-2-butylamine in both aqueous and organic solvent media. In contrast to common amine donors such as alanine or isopropylamine, these large molecules, provided in excess for thermodynamic equilibrium shifting, are easily retained by commercial nanofiltration membranes; thus a selective permeation of the desired smaller product amine is possible. The enzymatic transamination in aqueous media, combined with selective product removal shifted the equilibrium enhancing substrate conversion by an additional 25% compared to the control reaction. Along with very efficient amine product removal, there was undesirable loss of ketone substrate and low product concentration was achieved. The system was therefore further improved by performing the reaction in organic solvent (n-heptane). Coupling the reaction system with membrane-assisted product removal resulted in a highly concentrated and relatively pure ( > 97%) product solution. Moreover, a product yield of 60% was reached, compared to 15% without product removal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20donor" title="amine donor">amine donor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chiral%20amines" title=" chiral amines"> chiral amines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ%20product%20removal" title=" in situ product removal"> in situ product removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transamination" title=" transamination"> transamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110355/chiral-amine-synthesis-and-recovery-by-using-high-molecular-weight-amine-donors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1603</span> Evaluation of the Impact of Pavement Roughness on Vehicle Emissions by HDM-4</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azhar">Muhammad Azhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Hussain"> Arshad Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicular emissions have increased in recent years due to rapid growth in world traffic resulting in an increase in associated problems such as air pollution and climate change, therefore it’s necessary to control vehicle emissions. This study looks at the effect of road maintenance on vehicle emissions. The Highway Development and Management Tool (HDM-4) was used to find the effect of road maintenance on vehicle emissions. Key data collected were traffic volume and composition, vehicle characteristics, pavement characteristics and climate data of the study area. Two options were analysed using the HDM-4 software; the base case or do nothing while the second is overlay maintenance. The study also showed a strong correlation between average roughness and yearly emission levels in both the alternatives. Finally, the study showed that proper maintenance reduces the roughness and emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20emissions" title="vehicle emissions">vehicle emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20roughness" title=" road roughness"> road roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IRI" title=" IRI"> IRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDM-4" title=" HDM-4"> HDM-4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2" title=" CO2"> CO2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91331/evaluation-of-the-impact-of-pavement-roughness-on-vehicle-emissions-by-hdm-4" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1602</span> Assessment and Prediction of Vehicular Emissions in Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City at Various Policy and Technology Scenarios Using Simple Interactive Model (SIM-Air)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ria%20M.%20Caramoan">Ria M. Caramoan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Analiza%20P.%20Rollon"> Analiza P. Rollon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karl%20N.%20Vergel"> Karl N. Vergel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Simple Interactive Models for Better Air Quality (SIM-air) is an integrated approach model that allows the available information to support the integrated urban air quality management. This study utilized the vehicular air pollution information system module of SIM-air for the assessment of vehicular emissions in Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines. The main objective of the study is to assess and predict the contribution of different types of vehicles to the vehicular emissions in terms of PM₁₀, SOₓ, and NOₓ at different policy and technology scenarios. For the base year 2017, the results show vehicular emissions of 735.46 tons of PM₁₀, 108.90 tons of SOₓ, and 2,101.11 tons of NOₓ. Motorcycle is the major source of particulates contributing about 52% of the PM₁₀ emissions. Meanwhile, Public Utility Jeepneys contribute 27% of SOₓ emissions and private cars using gasoline contribute 39% of NOₓ emissions. Ambient air quality monitoring was also conducted in the study area for the standard parameters of PM₁₀, S0₂, and NO₂. Results show an average of 88.11 µg/Ncm, 47.41 µg/Ncm and 22.54 µg/Ncm for PM₁₀, N0₂, and SO₂, respectively, all were within the DENR National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values. Future emissions of PM₁₀, NOₓ, and SOₓ are estimated at different scenarios. Results show that in the year 2030, PM₁₀ emissions will be increased by 186.2%. NOₓ emissions and SOₓ emissions will also be increased by 38.9% and 5.5%, without the implementation of the scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambient%20air%20quality" title="ambient air quality">ambient air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions%20inventory" title=" emissions inventory"> emissions inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20air%20pollution" title=" mobile air pollution"> mobile air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20emissions" title=" vehicular emissions"> vehicular emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111215/assessment-and-prediction-of-vehicular-emissions-in-commonwealth-avenue-quezon-city-at-various-policy-and-technology-scenarios-using-simple-interactive-model-sim-air" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1601</span> Energy Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Pakistan: A Decomposition Analysis Using LMDI </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arsalan%20Khan">Arsalan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Jamil"> Faisal Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unprecedented increase in anthropogenic gases in recent decades has led to climatic changes worldwide. CO2 emissions are the most important factors responsible for greenhouse gases concentrations. This study decomposes the changes in overall CO2 emissions in Pakistan for the period 1990-2012 using Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). LMDI enables to decompose the changes in CO2 emissions into five factors namely; activity effect, structural effect, intensity effect, fuel-mix effect, and emissions factor effect. This paper confirms an upward trend of overall emissions level of the country during the period. The study finds that activity effect, structural effect and intensity effect are the three major factors responsible for the changes in overall CO2 emissions in Pakistan with activity effect as the largest contributor to overall changes in the emissions level. The structural effect is also adding to CO2 emissions, which indicates that the economic activity is shifting towards more energy-intensive sectors. However, intensity effect has negative sign representing energy efficiency gains, which indicate a good relationship between the economy and environment. The findings suggest that policy makers should encourage the diversification of the output level towards more energy efficient sub-sectors of the economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title="energy consumption">energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emissions" title=" CO2 emissions"> CO2 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition%20analysis" title=" decomposition analysis"> decomposition analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMDI" title=" LMDI"> LMDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20effect" title=" intensity effect "> intensity effect </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40962/energy-related-carbon-dioxide-emissions-in-pakistan-a-decomposition-analysis-using-lmdi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1600</span> Characterization and Modelling of Aerosol Droplet in Absorption Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Majeed">Hammad Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanna%20Knuutila"> Hanna Knuutila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magne%20Hillestad"> Magne Hillestad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hallvard%20F.%20Svendsen"> Hallvard F. Svendsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formation of aerosols can cause serious complications in industrial exhaust gas CO2 capture processes. SO3 present in the flue gas can cause aerosol formation in an absorption based capture process. Small mist droplets and fog formed can normally not be removed in conventional demisting equipment because their submicron size allows the particles or droplets to follow the gas flow. As a consequence of this aerosol based emissions in the order of grams per Nm3 have been identified from PCCC plants. In absorption processes aerosols are generated by spontaneous condensation or desublimation processes in supersaturated gas phases. Undesired aerosol development may lead to amine emissions many times larger than what would be encountered in a mist free gas phase in PCCC development. It is thus of crucial importance to understand the formation and build-up of these aerosols in order to mitigate the problem. Rigorous modelling of aerosol dynamics leads to a system of partial differential equations. In order to understand mechanics of a particle entering an absorber an implementation of the model is created in Matlab. The model predicts the droplet size, the droplet internal variable profiles and the mass transfer fluxes as function of position in the absorber. The Matlab model is based on a subclass method of weighted residuals for boundary value problems named, orthogonal collocation method. The model comprises a set of mass transfer equations for transferring components and the essential diffusion reaction equations to describe the droplet internal profiles for all relevant constituents. Also included is heat transfer across the interface and inside the droplet. This paper presents results describing the basic simulation tool for the characterization of aerosols formed in CO2 absorption columns and gives examples as to how various entering droplets grow or shrink through an absorber and how their composition changes with respect to time. Below are given some preliminary simulation results for an aerosol droplet composition and temperature profiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20columns" title="absorption columns">absorption columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol%20formation" title=" aerosol formation"> aerosol formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20emissions" title=" amine emissions"> amine emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20droplet%20profiles" title=" internal droplet profiles"> internal droplet profiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoethanolamine%20%28MEA%29" title=" monoethanolamine (MEA)"> monoethanolamine (MEA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20combustion%20CO2%20capture" title=" post combustion CO2 capture"> post combustion CO2 capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48453/characterization-and-modelling-of-aerosol-droplet-in-absorption-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1599</span> A Study of Carbon Emissions during Building Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonggeon%20Lee">Jonggeon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungho%20Tae"> Sungho Tae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungjoon%20Suk"> Sungjoon Suk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keunhyeok%20Yang"> Keunhyeok Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Ford"> George Ford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20E.%20Smith"> Michael E. Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omidreza%20Shoghli"> Omidreza Shoghli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, research to reduce carbon emissions through quantitative assessment of building life cycle carbon emissions has been performed as it relates to the construction industry. However, most research efforts related to building carbon emissions assessment have been focused on evaluation during the operational phase of a building’s life span. Few comprehensive studies of the carbon emissions during a building’s construction phase have been performed. The purpose of this study is to propose an assessment method that quantitatively evaluates the carbon emissions of buildings during the construction phase. The study analysed the amount of carbon emissions produced by 17 construction trades, and selected four construction trades that result in high levels of carbon emissions: reinforced concrete work; sheathing work; foundation work; and form work. Building materials, and construction and transport equipment used for the selected construction trades were identified, and carbon emissions produced by the identified materials and equipment were calculated for these four construction trades. The energy consumption of construction and transport equipment was calculated by analysing fuel efficiency and equipment productivity rates. The combination of the expected levels of carbon emissions associated with the utilization of building materials and construction equipment provides means for estimating the quantity of carbon emissions related to the construction phase of a building’s life cycle. The proposed carbon emissions assessment method was validated by case studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20construction%20phase" title="building construction phase">building construction phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emissions%20assessment" title=" carbon emissions assessment"> carbon emissions assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20life%20cycle" title=" building life cycle "> building life cycle </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29496/a-study-of-carbon-emissions-during-building-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">751</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1598</span> Framework Development of Carbon Management Software Tool in Sustainable Supply Chain Management of Indian Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarbjit%20Singh">Sarbjit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This framework development explored the status of GSCM in manufacturing SMEs and concluded that there was a significant gap w.r.t carbon emissions measurement in the supply chain activities. The measurement of carbon emissions within supply chains is important green initiative toward its reduction. The majority of the SMEs were facing the problem to quantify the green house gas emissions in its supply chain & to make it a low carbon supply chain or GSCM. Thus, the carbon management initiatives were amalgamated with the supply chain activities in order to measure and reduce the carbon emissions, confirming the GHG protocol scopes. Henceforth, it covers the development of carbon management software (CMS) tool to quantify carbon emissions for effective carbon management. This tool is cheap and easy to use for the industries for the management of their carbon emissions within the supply chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=w.r.t%20carbon%20emissions" title="w.r.t carbon emissions">w.r.t carbon emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20management%20software" title=" carbon management software"> carbon management software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title=" supply chain management"> supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20Industry" title=" Indian Industry"> Indian Industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3784/framework-development-of-carbon-management-software-tool-in-sustainable-supply-chain-management-of-indian-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1597</span> Biogas Separation, Alcohol Amine Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingxiao%20Liang">Jingxiao Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Rooneyman"> David Rooneyman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biogas, which is a valuable renewable energy source, can be produced by anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste, or food waste. It is composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) but also contains significant quantities of undesirable compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and siloxanes. Since typical raw biogas contains 25–45% CO2, The requirements for biogas quality depend on its further application. Before biogas is being used more efficiently, CO2 should be removed. One of the existing options for biogas separation technologies is based on chemical absorbents, in particular, mono-, di- and tri-alcohol amine solutions. Such amine solutions have been applied as highly efficient CO2 capturing agents. The benchmark in this experiment is N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) with piperazine (PZ) as an activator, from CO2 absorption Isotherm curve, optimization conditions are collected, such as activator percentage, temperature etc. This experiment makes new alcohol amines, which could have the same CO2 absorbing ability as activated MDEA, using glycidol as one of reactant, the result is quite satisfying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title="biogas">biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2" title=" CO2"> CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDEA" title=" MDEA"> MDEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation" title=" separation"> separation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34283/biogas-separation-alcohol-amine-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">634</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1596</span> Flowsheet Development, Simulation and Optimization of Carbon-Di-Oxide Removal System at Natural Gas Reserves by Aspen–Hysys Process Simulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ruhul%20Amin">Mohammad Ruhul Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nusrat%20Jahan"> Nusrat Jahan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural gas is a cleaner fuel compared to the others. But it needs some treatment before it is in a state to be used. So natural gas purification is an integral part of any process where natural gas is used as raw material or fuel. There are several impurities in natural gas that have to be removed before use. CO2 is one of the major contaminants. In this project we have removed CO2 by amine process by using MEA solution. We have built up the whole amine process for removing CO2 in Aspen Hysys and simulated the process. At the end of simulation we have got very satisfactory results by using MEA solution for the removal of CO2. Simulation result shows that amine absorption process enables to reduce CO2 content from NG by 58%. HYSYS optimizer allowed us to get a perfect optimized plant. After optimization the profit of existing plant is increased by 2.34 %.Simulation and optimization by Aspen-HYSYS simulator makes available us to enormous information which will help us to further research in future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspen%E2%80%93Hysys" title="Aspen–Hysys">Aspen–Hysys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20removal" title=" CO2 removal"> CO2 removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowsheet%20development" title=" flowsheet development"> flowsheet development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEA%20solution" title=" MEA solution"> MEA solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20optimization" title=" natural gas optimization"> natural gas optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28865/flowsheet-development-simulation-and-optimization-of-carbon-di-oxide-removal-system-at-natural-gas-reserves-by-aspen-hysys-process-simulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1595</span> Amine Hardeners with Carbon Nanotubes Dispersing Ability for Epoxy Coating Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szymon%20Kugler">Szymon Kugler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Kowalczyk"> Krzysztof Kowalczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadeusz%20Spychaj"> Tadeusz Spychaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) can simultaneously improve many features of epoxy coatings, i.e. electrical, mechanical, functional and thermal. Unfortunately, this nanofiller negatively affects visual properties of the coatings, such as transparency and gloss. The main reason for the low visual performance of CNT-modified epoxy coatings is the lack of compatibility between CNT and popular amine curing agents, although epoxy resins based on bisphenol A are indisputable good CNT dispersants. This is a serious obstacle in utilization of the coatings in advanced applications, demanding both high transparency and electrical conductivity. The aim of performed investigations was to find amine curing agents exhibiting affinity for CNT, and ensuring good performance of epoxy coatings with them. Commercially available CNT was dispersed in epoxy resin, as well as in different aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic amines, using one of two dispergation methods: ultrasonic or mechanical. The CNT dispersions were subsequently used in the preparation of epoxy coating compositions and coatings on a transparent substrate. It was found that amine derivative of bio-based cardanol, as well as modified o-tolylbiguanide exhibit significant CNT, dispersing properties, resulting in improved transparent/electroconductive performance of epoxy coatings. In one of prepared coating systems just 0.025 wt.% (250 ppm) of CNT was enough to obtain coatings with semi conductive properties, 83% of transparency as well as perfect chemical resistance to methyl-ethyl ketone and improved thermal stability. Additionally, a theory of the influence of amine chemical structure on CNT dispersing properties was proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-based%20cardanol" title="bio-based cardanol">bio-based cardanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title=" carbon nanotubes"> carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20coatings" title=" epoxy coatings"> epoxy coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolylbiguanide" title=" tolylbiguanide"> tolylbiguanide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74761/amine-hardeners-with-carbon-nanotubes-dispersing-ability-for-epoxy-coating-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1594</span> Trade Liberalisation and South Africa’s CO2 Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcel%20Kohler">Marcel Kohler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of trade liberalization on environmental conditions has yielded a great deal of debate in the current energy economics literature. Although research on the relationship between income growth and CO2 emissions is not new in South Africa, few studies address the role that South Africa’s foreign trade plays in this context. This paper undertakes to investigate empirically the impact of South Africa’s foreign trade reforms over the last four decades on its energy consumption and CO2 emissions by taking into account not only the direct effect of trade on each, but also its indirect effect through income induced growth. Using co integration techniques we attempt to disentangle the long and short-run relationship between trade openness, income per capita and energy consumption and CO2 emissions in South Africa. The preliminary results of this study find support for a positive bi-directional relationship between output and CO2 emissions, as well as between trade openness and CO2. This evidence confirms the expectation that as the South African economy opens up to foreign trade and experiences growth in per capita income, the countries CO2 emissions will increase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20openness" title="trade openness">trade openness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emissions" title=" CO2 emissions"> CO2 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title=" cointegration"> cointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15404/trade-liberalisation-and-south-africas-co2-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1593</span> Modelling of Aerosols in Absorption Column </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Majeed">Hammad Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanna%20Knuutila"> Hanna Knuutila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magne%20Hillestad"> Magne Hillestad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hallvard%20F.%20Svendsen"> Hallvard F. Svendsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formation of aerosols can cause serious complications in industrial exhaust gas cleaning processes. Small mist droplets and fog formed can normally not be removed in conventional demisting equipment because their submicron size allows the particles or droplets to follow the gas flow<em>. </em>As a consequence of this, aerosol based emissions in the order of grams per Nm<sup>3</sup> have been identified from PCCC plants. The model predicts the droplet size, the droplet internal variable profiles, and the mass transfer fluxes as function of position in the absorber. The Matlab model is based on a subclass method of weighted residuals for boundary value problems named, orthogonal collocation method. This paper presents results describing the basic simulation tool for the characterization of aerosols formed in CO<sub>2</sub> absorption columns and describes how various entering droplets grow or shrink through an absorber and how their composition changes with respect to time. Below are given some preliminary simulation results for an aerosol droplet composition and temperature profiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20columns" title="absorption columns">absorption columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol%20formation" title=" aerosol formation"> aerosol formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20emissions" title=" amine emissions"> amine emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20droplet%20profiles" title=" internal droplet profiles"> internal droplet profiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoethanolamine%20%28MEA%29" title=" monoethanolamine (MEA)"> monoethanolamine (MEA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20combustion%20CO2%20capture" title=" post combustion CO2 capture"> post combustion CO2 capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43462/modelling-of-aerosols-in-absorption-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1592</span> Estimate Robert Gordon University's Scope Three Emissions by Nearest Neighbor Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayak%20Amar">Nayak Amar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turner%20Naomi"> Turner Naomi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gobina%20Edward"> Gobina Edward</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Scottish Higher Education Institutes must report their scope 1 & 2 emissions, whereas reporting scope 3 is optional. Scope 3 is indirect emissions which embodies a significant component of total carbon footprint and therefore it is important to record, measure and report it accurately. Robert Gordon University (RGU) reported only business travel, grid transmission and distribution, water supply and transport, and recycling scope 3 emissions. This study estimates the RGUs total scope 3 emissions by comparing it with a similar HEI in scale. The scope 3 emission reporting of sixteen Scottish HEI was studied. Glasgow Caledonian University was identified as the nearest neighbour by comparing its students' full time equivalent, staff full time equivalent, research-teaching split, budget, and foundation year. Apart from the peer, data was also collected from the Higher Education Statistics Agency database. RGU reported emissions from business travel, grid transmission and distribution, water supply, and transport and recycling. This study estimated RGUs scope 3 emissions from procurement, student-staff commute, and international student trip. The result showed that RGU covered only 11% of the scope 3 emissions. The major contributor to scope 3 emissions were procurement (48%), student commute (21%), international student trip (16%), and staff commute (4%). The estimated scope 3 emission was more than 14 times the reported emissions. This study has shown the relative importance of each scope 3 emissions source, which gives a guideline for the HEIs, on where to focus their attention to capture maximum scope 3 emissions. Moreover, it has demonstrated that it is possible to estimate the scope 3 emissions with limited data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEI" title="HEI">HEI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university" title=" university"> university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20calculations" title=" emission calculations"> emission calculations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%203%20emissions" title=" scope 3 emissions"> scope 3 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions%20reporting" title=" emissions reporting"> emissions reporting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157954/estimate-robert-gordon-universitys-scope-three-emissions-by-nearest-neighbor-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1591</span> Molecular Dynamic Simulation of CO2 Absorption into Mixed Aqueous Solutions MDEA/PZ</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Harun">N. Harun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20E.%20Masiren"> E. E. Masiren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20H.%20W.%20Ibrahim"> W. H. W. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Adam"> F. Adam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amine absorption process is an approach for mitigation of CO2 from flue gas that produces from power plant. This process is the most common system used in chemical and oil industries for gas purification to remove acid gases. On the challenges of this process is high energy requirement for solvent regeneration to release CO2. In the past few years, mixed alkanolamines have received increasing attention. In most cases, the mixtures contain N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as the base amine with the addition of one or two more reactive amines such as PZ. The reason for the application of such blend amine is to take advantage of high reaction rate of CO2 with the activator combined with the advantages of the low heat of regeneration of MDEA. Several experimental and simulation studies have been undertaken to understand this process using blend MDEA/PZ solvent. Despite those studies, the mechanism of CO2 absorption into the aqueous MDEA is not well understood and available knowledge within the open literature is limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the intermolecular interaction of the blend MDEA/PZ using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. MD simulation was run under condition 313K and 1 atm using NVE ensemble at 200ps and NVT ensemble at 1ns. The results were interpreted in term of Radial Distribution Function (RDF) analysis through two system of interest i.e binary and tertiary. The binary system will explain the interaction between amine and water molecule while tertiary system used to determine the interaction between the amine and CO2 molecule. For the binary system, it was observed that the –OH group of MDEA is more attracted to water molecule compared to –NH group of MDEA. The –OH group of MDEA can form the hydrogen bond with water that will assist the solubility of MDEA in water. The intermolecular interaction probability of –OH and –NH group of MDEA with CO2 in blended MDEA/PZ is higher than using single MDEA. This findings show that PZ molecule act as an activator to promote the intermolecular interaction between MDEA and CO2.Thus, blend of MDEA with PZ is expecting to increase the absorption rate of CO2 and reduce the heat regeneration requirement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20absorption%20process" title="amine absorption process">amine absorption process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blend%20MDEA%2FPZ" title=" blend MDEA/PZ"> blend MDEA/PZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20capture" title=" CO2 capture"> CO2 capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamic%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamic simulation"> molecular dynamic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20distribution%20function" title=" radial distribution function"> radial distribution function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47014/molecular-dynamic-simulation-of-co2-absorption-into-mixed-aqueous-solutions-mdeapz" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1590</span> Marine Fishing and Climate Change: A China’s Perspective on Fisheries Economic Development and Greenhouse Gas Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yidan%20Xu">Yidan Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pim%20Martens"> Pim Martens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Krafft"> Thomas Krafft</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine fishing, an energy-intensive activity, directly emits greenhouse gases through fuel combustion, making it a significant contributor to oceanic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and worsening climate change. China is the world’s second-largest economy and the top emitter of GHG emissions, and it carries a significant energy conservation and emission reduction burden. However, the increasing GHG emissions from marine fishing is an easily overlooked but essential issue in China. This study offers a diverse perspective by integrating the concepts of total carbon emissions, carbon intensity, and per capita carbon emissions as indicators into calculation and discussion. To better understand the GHG emissions-Gross marine fishery product (GFP) relationship and influencing factors in Chinese marine fishing, the relationship between GHG emissions and economic development in marine fishing, a comprehensive framework is developed by combining the environmental Kuznets curve, the Tapio elasticity index, and the decomposition model. Results indicated that (1) The GHG emissions increased from 16.479 to 18.601 million tons in 2001-2020, in which trawlers and gillnetter are the main source in fishing operation. (2) Total carbon emissions (TC) and CI presented the same decline as GHG emissions, while per capita carbon emissions (PC) displayed an uptrend. (32) GHG emissions and gross marine fishery product (GFP) presented an inverted U-shaped relationship in China; the turning point came in the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020). (43) Most provinces strongly decoupled GFP and CI. Still, PC and TC need more effort to decouple. (54) GHG emissions promoted by an industry structure driven, though carbon intensity and industry scale aid in GHG emissions reduced. (5) Compare with TC and PC, CI has been relatively affected by COVID-19 in 2020. The rise in fish and seafood prices during COVID-19 has boosted the GFP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fishing%20economy" title="marine fishing economy">marine fishing economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emission" title=" greenhouse gas emission"> greenhouse gas emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fishery%20management" title=" fishery management"> fishery management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20development" title=" green development"> green development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172786/marine-fishing-and-climate-change-a-chinas-perspective-on-fisheries-economic-development-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1589</span> Preparation and Characterization of AlkylAmines’ Surface Functionalized Activated Carbons for Dye Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20M.%20AL-Mashaikhi">Said M. AL-Mashaikhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Said%20I.%20El-Shafey"> El-Said I. El-Shafey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakhreldin%20O.%20Suliman"> Fakhreldin O. Suliman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Al-Busafi"> Saleh Al-Busafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from date palm leaflets via NaOH activation. AC was oxidized using nitric acid, producing oxidized activated carbon (OAC). OAC was surface functionalized using different amine surfactants, including methylamine (ONM), ethylamine (ONE), and diethylamine (ONDE) using the amide coupling process. Produced carbons were surface characterized for surface area and porosity, X-ray diffraction, SEM, FTIR, and TGA. AC surface area (580 m²/g) has shown a decrease in oxidation to 260 m²/g for OAC. On amine functionalization, the surface area has further decreased to 218, 108, and 20 m²/g on functionalization with methylamine, ethylamine, and diethylamine, respectively. FTIR and TGA showed that the nature of amine functionalization of AC is chemical. Methylene blue sorption was tested on these carbons in terms of kinetics and equilibrium. Sorption was found faster on amine-functionalized carbons than both AC and OAC, and this is due to hydrophobic interaction with the alkyl groups immobilized with data following pseudo second-order reaction. On the other hand, AC showed the slowest adsorption kinetic process due to the diffusion in the porous structure of AC. Sorption equilibrium data was found to follow the Langmuir sorption isotherm with maximum sorption found on ONE. Regardless of its lower surface area than activated carbon, ethylamine functionalized AC showed better performance than AC in terms of kinetics and equilibrium for dye removal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye%20removal" title=" dye removal"> dye removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionalization" title=" functionalization"> functionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20interaction" title=" hydrophobic interaction"> hydrophobic interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136863/preparation-and-characterization-of-alkylamines-surface-functionalized-activated-carbons-for-dye-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1588</span> Quantification of GHGs Emissions from Electricity and Diesel Fuel Consumption in Basalt Mining Industry in Thailand </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kittipongvises">S. Kittipongvises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dubsok"> A. Dubsok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mineral and mining industry is necessary for countries to have an adequate and reliable supply of materials to meet their socio-economic development. Despite its importance, the environmental impacts from mineral exploration are hugely significant. This study aimed to investigate and quantify the amount of GHGs emissions emitted from both electricity and diesel vehicle fuel consumption in basalt mining in Thailand. Plant A, located in the northeastern region of Thailand, was selected as a case study. Results indicated that total GHGs emissions from basalt mining and operation (Plant A) were approximately 2,501,086 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e and 1,997,412 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The estimated carbon intensity ranged between 1.824 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e to 2.284 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e per ton of rock product. Scope 1 (direct emissions) was the dominant driver of its total GHGs compared to scope 2 (indirect emissions). As such, transport related combustion of diesel fuels generated the highest GHGs emission (65%) compared to emissions from purchased electricity (35%). Some of the potential implications for mining entities were also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basalt%20mining" title="basalt mining">basalt mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20fuel" title=" diesel fuel"> diesel fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity" title=" electricity"> electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHGs%20emissions" title=" GHGs emissions"> GHGs emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53767/quantification-of-ghgs-emissions-from-electricity-and-diesel-fuel-consumption-in-basalt-mining-industry-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1587</span> The Impact of the Cell-Free Solution of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Cadaverine Production by Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in Lysine-Decarboxylase Broth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20%C3%96zogul">Fatih Özogul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurten%20Toy"> Nurten Toy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yesim%20%C3%96zogul"> Yesim Özogul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influences of cell-free solutions (CFSs) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on cadaverine and other biogenic amine production by Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in lysine decarboxylase broth (LDB) using HPLC. Cell-free solutions were prepared from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris, Pediococcus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophiles. Two different concentrations that were 50% and 25% CFS and the control without CFSs were prepared. Significant variations on biogenic amine production were observed in the presence of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus (P<0.05). The role of CFS on biogenic amine production by foodborne pathogens varied depending on strains and specific amine. Cadaverine formation in control by L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were 500.9 and 948.1 mg/L, respectively while the CFSs of LAB induced 4-fold lower cadaverine production by L. monocytogenes and 7-fold lower cadaverine production by S. aureus. CFSs resulted in strong decreases in cadaverine and putrescine production by L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, although remarkable increases were observed for histamine, spermidine, spermine, serotonin, dopamine, tyramine, and agmatine, in the presence of LAB in lysine decarboxylase broth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-free%20solution" title="cell-free solution">cell-free solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title=" lactic acid bacteria"> lactic acid bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadaverine" title=" cadaverine"> cadaverine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20borne-pathogen" title=" food borne-pathogen"> food borne-pathogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19420/the-impact-of-the-cell-free-solution-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-on-cadaverine-production-by-listeria-monocytogenes-and-staphylococcus-aureus-in-lysine-decarboxylase-broth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1586</span> Economic Growth and Transport Carbon Dioxide Emissions in New Zealand: A Co-Integration Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingyue%20Sheng">Mingyue Sheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basil%20Sharp"> Basil Sharp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from national transport account for the largest share of emissions from energy use in New Zealand. Whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship exists between environmental degradation indicators from the transport sector and economic growth in New Zealand remains unclear. This paper aims at exploring the causality relationship between CO₂ emissions from the transport sector, fossil fuel consumption, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in New Zealand, using annual data for the period 1977 to 2013. First, conventional unit root tests (Augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron tests), and a unit root test with the breakpoint (Zivot-Andrews test) are employed to examine the stationarity of the variables. Second, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test for co-integration, followed by Granger causality investigated causality among the variables. Empirical results of the study reveal that, in the short run, there is a unidirectional causality between economic growth and transport CO₂ emissions with direction from economic growth to transport CO₂ emissions, as well as a bidirectional causality from transport CO₂ emissions to road energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20carbon%20dioxide%20emissions" title=" transport carbon dioxide emissions"> transport carbon dioxide emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20Kuznets%20curve" title=" environmental Kuznets curve"> environmental Kuznets curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality" title=" causality"> causality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92763/economic-growth-and-transport-carbon-dioxide-emissions-in-new-zealand-a-co-integration-analysis-of-the-environmental-kuznets-curve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20emissions&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20emissions&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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