CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Insulin-degrading enzyme - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"cf4c2f4e-fbf9-4e14-ba84-19e8af6bf6fb","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Insulin-degrading_enzyme","wgTitle":"Insulin-degrading enzyme","wgCurRevisionId":1227016518,"wgRevisionId":1227016518,"wgArticleId":11229905,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Genes on human chromosome 10","Zinc enzymes","Genes mutated in mice"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Insulin-degrading_enzyme","wgRelevantArticleId":11229905,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1225690","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg/1200px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="478"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg/800px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="319"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg/640px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="255"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Insulin-degrading enzyme - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-degrading_enzyme"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-degrading_enzyme"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Insulin-degrading_enzyme rootpage-Insulin-degrading_enzyme skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Insulin-degrading+enzyme" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Insulin-degrading+enzyme" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Insulin-degrading+enzyme" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Insulin-degrading+enzyme" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Protein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_Significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_Significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical Significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_Significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical Significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_Significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alzheimer's_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alzheimer's_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Alzheimer's disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alzheimer's_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation_of_extracellular_amyloid_β-protein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation_of_extracellular_amyloid_β-protein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Regulation of extracellular amyloid β-protein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation_of_extracellular_amyloid_β-protein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potential_role_in_the_oligomerization_of_Aβ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_role_in_the_oligomerization_of_Aβ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Potential role in the oligomerization of Aβ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potential_role_in_the_oligomerization_of_Aβ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mechanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Insulin-degrading enzyme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%B6_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="إنزيم خفض فاعلية االأنسولين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنزيم خفض فاعلية االأنسولين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDE" title="IDE – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="IDE" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulysin" title="Insulysin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Insulysin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="インスリン分解酵素 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インスリン分解酵素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDE_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="IDE (ген) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="IDE (ген)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDE_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="IDE (ген) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IDE (ген)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1225690#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-degrading_enzyme" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Insulin-degrading_enzyme" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-degrading_enzyme"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-degrading_enzyme"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Insulin-degrading_enzyme" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Insulin-degrading_enzyme" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&oldid=1227016518" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&id=1227016518&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInsulin-degrading_enzyme"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInsulin-degrading_enzyme"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1225690" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Enzyme found in humans</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">IDE</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=Q8CGB9%20or%20P14735">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:Q8CGB9,P14735">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2G47">2G47</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2G48">2G48</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2G49">2G49</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2G54">2G54</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2G56">2G56</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2JBU">2JBU</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2JG4">2JG4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2WBY">2WBY</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2WC0">2WC0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2WK3">2WK3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2YPU">2YPU</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3CWW">3CWW</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3E4A">3E4A</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3E4Z">3E4Z</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3E50">3E50</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3H44">3H44</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3HGZ">3HGZ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3N56">3N56</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3N57">3N57</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3OFI">3OFI</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3QZ2">3QZ2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4DTT">4DTT</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4DWK">4DWK</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4GS8">4GS8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4GSC">4GSC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4GSF">4GSF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4IFH">4IFH</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4IOF">4IOF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4LTE">4LTE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4M1C">4M1C</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4Q5Z">4Q5Z</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4QIA">4QIA</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4RAL">4RAL</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4PES">4PES</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4PF7">4PF7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4PF9">4PF9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4PFC">4PFC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4NXO">4NXO</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4RE9">4RE9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5CJO">5CJO</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/5381">IDE</a></span>, INSULYSIN, insulin degrading enzyme</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/146680">146680</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:96412">96412</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=3645">3645</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=IDE">IDE</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000119912">IDE - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 10 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 10 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_10_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 10 (human)">Chromosome 10 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_10_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 10 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 10 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Human_chromosome_10_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_10_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Human_chromosome_10_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_10_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Human_chromosome_10_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_10_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 197.97546097822px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IDE"><img alt="Genomic location for IDE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 204px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IDE"><img alt="Genomic location for IDE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">10q23.33</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">92,451,684 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">92,574,096 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000119912">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of thigh</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">secondary oocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">glutes</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">human penis</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">triceps brachii muscle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right ventricle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">biceps brachii</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">vulva</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px">n/a</ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000119912">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_IDE_203327_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/PBB_GE_IDE_203327_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_IDE_203327_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/PBB_GE_IDE_203327_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_IDE_203327_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/PBB_GE_IDE_203327_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_IDE_203327_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_IDE_203328_x_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PBB_GE_IDE_203328_x_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_IDE_203328_x_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PBB_GE_IDE_203328_x_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_IDE_203328_x_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PBB_GE_IDE_203328_x_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_IDE_203328_x_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_IDE_217496_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/PBB_GE_IDE_217496_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_IDE_217496_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/PBB_GE_IDE_217496_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_IDE_217496_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/PBB_GE_IDE_217496_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_IDE_217496_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/3416/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000166">nucleotide binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042803">protein homodimerization activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001618">virus receptor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042277">peptide binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008270">zinc ion binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001540">amyloid-beta binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043559">insulin binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046872">metal ion binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0017046">peptide hormone binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008233">peptidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016887">ATPase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031626">beta-endorphin binding</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1735592" class="extiw" title="d:Q1735592">catalytic activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043130">ubiquitin binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004222">metalloendopeptidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005102">signaling receptor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016787">hydrolase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005524">ATP binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008237">metallopeptidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0140036">ubiquitin-dependent protein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004175">endopeptidase activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005829">cytosol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016020">membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005886">plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005777">peroxisome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009986">cell surface</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031597">cytosolic proteasome complex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005739">mitochondrion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005634">nucleus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005615">extracellular space</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005782">peroxisomal matrix</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009897">external side of plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016323">basolateral plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045861">negative regulation of proteolysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008286">insulin receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1901142">insulin metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010815">bradykinin catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008340">determination of adult lifespan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051291">protein heterooligomerization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042447">hormone catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050435">amyloid-beta metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006508">proteolysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032461">positive regulation of protein oligomerization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046718">viral entry into host cell</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008152">metabolism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051603">proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010992">ubiquitin recycling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016032">viral process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051260">protein homooligomerization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051289">protein homotetramerization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1901143">insulin catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006625">protein targeting to peroxisome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030163">protein catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045732">positive regulation of protein catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0097242">amyloid-beta clearance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0150094">amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1903715">regulation of aerobic respiration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019885">antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043171">peptide catabolic process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=3416&rn=1">3416</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=15925&rn=1">15925</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000119912;db=core">ENSG00000119912</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000056999;db=core">ENSMUSG00000056999</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P14735">P14735</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8CGB9">Q8CGB9</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001165946">NM_001165946</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_004969">NM_004969</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322793">NM_001322793</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322794">NM_001322794</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322795">NM_001322795</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322796">NM_001322796</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322797">NM_001322797</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_031156">NM_031156</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001159418">NP_001159418</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309722">NP_001309722</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309723">NP_001309723</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309724">NP_001309724</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309725">NP_001309725</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309726">NP_001309726</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_004960">NP_004960</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_112419">NP_112419</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr10:92451684-92574096">Chr 10: 92.45 – 92.57 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914043" class="extiw" title="d:Q14914043">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914044" class="extiw" title="d:Q14914044">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Insulin-degrading enzyme</b>, also known as <b>IDE</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known alternatively as <b>insulysin</b> or <b>insulin protease</b>, IDE is a large zinc-binding <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">protease</a> of the M16 <a href="/wiki/Metalloprotease" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalloprotease">metalloprotease</a> family known to cleave multiple short polypeptides that vary considerably in sequence. Other members of this family include the mitochondrial processing peptidase<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and presequence protease.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gene">Gene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gene <i>IDE</i> encodes protein <b>Insulin-degrading enzyme</b>. The human gene <i>IDE</i> has 28 exons and is located at chromosome band 10q23-q25.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protein">Protein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Protein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to alternative splicing, The human protein <b>Insulin-degrading Enzyme</b> has two isoforms. Isoform1 is ~118 kDa in size and composed of 1019 amino acids while the isoform 2 is ~54.2 kDa <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> size and composed of 464 amino acids (missing 1-555 amino acids). The calculated theoretical pI of this protein isoform is 6.26.<sup id="cite_ref-uniprot_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniprot-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Structural studies of IDE by Shen et al.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17051221_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17051221-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have provided insight into the functional mechanisms of the protease. Reminiscent of the previously determined structure of the bacterial protease pitrilysin, the IDE crystal structure reveals defined N and C terminal units that form a proteolytic chamber containing the zinc-binding active site. In addition, it appears that IDE can exist in two conformations: an open conformation, in which substrates can access the active site, and a closed state, in which the active site is contained within the chamber formed by the two concave domains. Targeted mutations that favor the open conformation result in a 40-fold increase in catalytic activity. Based upon this observation, it has been proposed that a possible therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's might involve shifting the conformational preference of IDE to the open state, and thus increasing Aβ degradation, preventing aggregation, and, ideally, preventing the neuronal loss that leads to disease symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17051221_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17051221-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IDE was first identified by its ability to degrade the B chain of the hormone <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a>. This activity was observed over sixty years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-Mirsky_1949_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirsky_1949-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the enzyme specifically responsible for B chain cleavage was identified more recently.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3059494_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3059494-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This discovery revealed considerable amino acid sequence similarity between IDE and the previously characterized bacterial protease pitrilysin, suggesting a common proteolytic mechanism. IDE, which migrates at 110 kDa during gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, has since been shown to have additional substrates, including the signaling peptides <a href="/wiki/Glucagon" title="Glucagon">glucagon</a>, <a href="/wiki/TGF_alpha" title="TGF alpha">TGF alpha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-endorphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-endorphin">β-endorphin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17047308_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17047308-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_Significance">Clinical Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clinical Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alzheimer's_disease"><span id="Alzheimer.27s_disease"></span>Alzheimer's disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alzheimer's disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Considerable interest in IDE has been stimulated due to the discovery that IDE can degrade <a href="/wiki/Amyloid_beta" title="Amyloid beta">amyloid beta</a> (Aβ), a peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8194595_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8194595-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The underlying cause or causes of the disease are unclear, though the primary neuropathology observed is the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. One hypothesized mechanism of disease, called the amyloid hypothesis, suggests that the causative agent is the hydrophobic peptide Aβ, which forms quaternary structures that, by an unclear mechanism, cause neuronal death. Aβ is a byproduct generated as the result of proteolytic processing of the <a href="/wiki/Amyloid_precursor_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyloid precursor protein">amyloid precursor protein</a> (APP) by proteases referred to as the β and γ <a href="/wiki/Secretase" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretase">secretases</a>. The physiological role of this processing is unclear, though it may play a role in nervous system development.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15672415_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15672415-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown correlations between IDE, Aβ degradation, and Alzheimer's disease. Mice engineered to lack both alleles of the IDE gene exhibit a 50% decrease in Aβ degradation, resulting in cerebral accumulation of Aβ.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12634421_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12634421-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies of genetically inherited forms of Alzheimer's show reduction in both IDE expression<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12507914_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12507914-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and catalytic activity<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17244626_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17244626-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among affected individuals. Despite the evident role of IDE in disease, relatively little is known about its physiological functions. These may be diverse, as IDE has been localized to several locations, including the cytosol, peroxisomes, endosomes, proteasome complexes,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9793760_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9793760-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the surface of cerebrovascular endothelial cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16511862_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16511862-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based upon the aforementioned observation in protein structure, it has been proposed that a possible therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's might involve shifting the conformational preference of IDE to the open state, and thus increasing Aβ degradation, preventing aggregation, and, ideally, preventing the neuronal loss that leads to disease symptoms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulation_of_extracellular_amyloid_β-protein"><span id="Regulation_of_extracellular_amyloid_.CE.B2-protein"></span>Regulation of extracellular amyloid β-protein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regulation of extracellular amyloid β-protein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reports of IDE localized to the cytosol and peroxisomes<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have raised concerns regarding how the protease could degrade endogenous Aβ. Several studies have detected insulin-degrading activity in the conditioned media of cultured cells,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggesting the permeability of the cell membrane and thus possible release of IDE from leaky cells. Qiu and colleagues revealed the presence of IDE in the extracellular media using antibodies to the enzyme. They also quantified levels of Aβ-degrading activity<sup id="cite_ref-pd4_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pd4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using elution from column chromatography. Correlating the presence of IDE and Aβ-degrading activity in the conditioning medium confirmed that leaky membranes are responsible for extracellular IDE activity. However, other reports have indicated that it is released via exosomes.<sup id="cite_ref-pd5_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pd5-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potential_role_in_the_oligomerization_of_Aβ"><span id="Potential_role_in_the_oligomerization_of_A.CE.B2"></span>Potential role in the oligomerization of Aβ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Potential role in the oligomerization of Aβ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recent studies have observed that the oligomerization of synthetic Aβ was completely inhibited by the competitive IDE substrate, insulin.<sup id="cite_ref-pd4_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pd4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These findings suggest that IDE activity is capable of joining of several Aβ fragments together. Qui et al. hypothesized that the Aβ fragments generated by IDE can either enhance oligomerization of the Aβ peptide or can oligomerize themselves. It is also entirely possible that IDE could mediate the degradation and oligomerization of Aβ by independent actions that have yet to be investigated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism">Mechanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mechanism of the IDE enzyme remains poorly understood. The first step of one proposed mechanism<sup id="cite_ref-abc23_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc23-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes a zinc-bound hydroxide group performing a nucleophilic attack on a carbon substrate that materializes into the intermediate INT1. In this species, we can note that the zinc-bound hydroxide is completely transferred on the carbonyl carbon of substrate as a consequence of the Zn<sup>2+</sup>−OH bond breaking. In TS2, the Glu111 residue rotates to assume the right disposition to form two hydrogen bonds with the amide nitrogen and the −OH group linked to the carbon atom of substrate, thus behaving as hydrogen donor and acceptor, simultaneously. The formation of the second cited bond favors the re-establishment of the Zn<sup>2+</sup>−OH bond broken previously at the INT1 level. The nucleophilic addition and the protonation of peptide amide nitrogen is a very fast process that is believed to occur as a single step in the catalytic process. The final species on the path is the product PROD.<sup id="cite_ref-abc23_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc23-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence of transfer of the proton of Glu111 onto the amide nitrogen of substrate that occurred in TS3, the peptide N—C bond is broken. </p><p>A look at the whole reaction path indicates that the rate-determining step in this process is the nucleophilic addition. After this point, the catalytic event should proceed without particular obstacles.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000119912">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000119912</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=3416">"Human PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Human+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D3416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=15925">"Mouse PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mouse+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D15925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-entrez-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3416">"Entrez Gene: IDE insulin-degrading enzyme"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entrez+Gene%3A+IDE+insulin-degrading+enzyme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3FDb%3Dgene%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D3416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAleshinGramatikovaHuraBobkov2009" class="citation journal cs1">Aleshin AE, Gramatikova S, Hura GL, Bobkov A, Strongin AY, Stec B, et al. (November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615642">"Crystal and solution structures of a prokaryotic M16B peptidase: an open and shut case"</a>. <i>Structure</i>. <b>17</b> (11): 1465–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2009.09.009">10.1016/j.str.2009.09.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615642">3615642</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19913481">19913481</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Structure&rft.atitle=Crystal+and+solution+structures+of+a+prokaryotic+M16B+peptidase%3A+an+open+and+shut+case&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1465-75&rft.date=2009-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3615642%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19913481&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.str.2009.09.009&rft.aulast=Aleshin&rft.aufirst=AE&rft.au=Gramatikova%2C+S&rft.au=Hura%2C+GL&rft.au=Bobkov%2C+A&rft.au=Strongin%2C+AY&rft.au=Stec%2C+B&rft.au=Tainer%2C+JA&rft.au=Liddington%2C+RC&rft.au=Smith%2C+JW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3615642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingLiangScherpelzSchilling2014" class="citation journal cs1">King JV, Liang WG, Scherpelz KP, Schilling AB, Meredith SC, Tang WJ (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4128088">"Molecular basis of substrate recognition and degradation by human presequence protease"</a>. <i>Structure</i>. <b>22</b> (7): 996–1007. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2014.05.003">10.1016/j.str.2014.05.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4128088">4128088</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24931469">24931469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Structure&rft.atitle=Molecular+basis+of+substrate+recognition+and+degradation+by+human+presequence+protease&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=996-1007&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4128088%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24931469&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.str.2014.05.003&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=JV&rft.au=Liang%2C+WG&rft.au=Scherpelz%2C+KP&rft.au=Schilling%2C+AB&rft.au=Meredith%2C+SC&rft.au=Tang%2C+WJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4128088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P14735">"IDE - Insulin-degrading enzyme - Homo sapiens (Human) - IDE gene & protein"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IDE+-+Insulin-degrading+enzyme+-+Homo+sapiens+%28Human%29+-+IDE+gene+%26+protein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniprot.org%2Funiprot%2FP14735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uniprot-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uniprot_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P14735">"Uniprot: P14735 - IDE_HUMAN"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uniprot%3A+P14735+-+IDE_HUMAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniprot.org%2Funiprot%2FP14735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17051221-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17051221_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17051221_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenJoachimiakRosnerTang2006" class="citation journal cs1">Shen Y, Joachimiak A, Rosner MR, Tang WJ (October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3366509">"Structures of human insulin-degrading enzyme reveal a new substrate recognition mechanism"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>443</b> (7113): 870–4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.443..870S">2006Natur.443..870S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05143">10.1038/nature05143</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3366509">3366509</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17051221">17051221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Structures+of+human+insulin-degrading+enzyme+reveal+a+new+substrate+recognition+mechanism&rft.volume=443&rft.issue=7113&rft.pages=870-4&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3366509%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17051221&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05143&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Natur.443..870S&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Joachimiak%2C+A&rft.au=Rosner%2C+MR&rft.au=Tang%2C+WJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3366509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mirsky_1949-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mirsky_1949_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirskyBroh-Kahn1949" class="citation journal cs1">Mirsky IA, Broh-Kahn RH (January 1949). "The inactivation of insulin by tissue extracts; the distribution and properties of insulin inactivating extracts". <i>Archives of Biochemistry</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 1–9. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18104389">18104389</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=The+inactivation+of+insulin+by+tissue+extracts%3B+the+distribution+and+properties+of+insulin+inactivating+extracts&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=1949-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18104389&rft.aulast=Mirsky&rft.aufirst=IA&rft.au=Broh-Kahn%2C+RH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid3059494-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid3059494_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffholterFriedRoth1988" class="citation journal cs1">Affholter JA, Fried VA, Roth RA (December 1988). "Human insulin-degrading enzyme shares structural and functional homologies with E. coli protease III". <i>Science</i>. <b>242</b> (4884): 1415–8. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...242.1415A">1988Sci...242.1415A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.3059494">10.1126/science.3059494</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3059494">3059494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Human+insulin-degrading+enzyme+shares+structural+and+functional+homologies+with+E.+coli+protease+III&rft.volume=242&rft.issue=4884&rft.pages=1415-8&rft.date=1988-12&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3059494&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.3059494&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Sci...242.1415A&rft.aulast=Affholter&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Fried%2C+VA&rft.au=Roth%2C+RA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17047308-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17047308_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangDicksonMalter2006" class="citation journal cs1">Wang DS, Dickson DW, Malter JS (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559921">"beta-Amyloid degradation and Alzheimer's disease"</a>. <i>Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology</i>. <b>2006</b> (3): 58406. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2FJBB%2F2006%2F58406">10.1155/JBB/2006/58406</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559921">1559921</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17047308">17047308</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedicine+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=beta-Amyloid+degradation+and+Alzheimer%27s+disease&rft.volume=2006&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=58406&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1559921%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17047308&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2FJBB%2F2006%2F58406&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=DS&rft.au=Dickson%2C+DW&rft.au=Malter%2C+JS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1559921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid8194595-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid8194595_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurochkinGoto1994" class="citation journal cs1">Kurochkin IV, Goto S (May 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0014-5793%2894%2900387-4">"Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide specifically interacts with and is degraded by insulin degrading enzyme"</a>. <i>FEBS Letters</i>. <b>345</b> (1): 33–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0014-5793%2894%2900387-4">10.1016/0014-5793(94)00387-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8194595">8194595</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43917847">43917847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=Alzheimer%27s+beta-amyloid+peptide+specifically+interacts+with+and+is+degraded+by+insulin+degrading+enzyme&rft.volume=345&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=33-7&rft.date=1994-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A43917847%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8194595&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0014-5793%2894%2900387-4&rft.aulast=Kurochkin&rft.aufirst=IV&rft.au=Goto%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252F0014-5793%252894%252900387-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15672415-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15672415_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerrSmall2005" class="citation journal cs1">Kerr ML, Small DH (April 2005). "Cytoplasmic domain of the beta-amyloid protein precursor of Alzheimer's disease: function, regulation of proteolysis, and implications for drug development". <i>Journal of Neuroscience Research</i>. <b>80</b> (2): 151–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjnr.20408">10.1002/jnr.20408</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15672415">15672415</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31985212">31985212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neuroscience+Research&rft.atitle=Cytoplasmic+domain+of+the+beta-amyloid+protein+precursor+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease%3A+function%2C+regulation+of+proteolysis%2C+and+implications+for+drug+development&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=151-9&rft.date=2005-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31985212%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15672415&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjnr.20408&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=ML&rft.au=Small%2C+DH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12634421-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12634421_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrisMansourianChangLindsley2003" class="citation journal cs1">Farris W, Mansourian S, Chang Y, Lindsley L, Eckman EA, Frosch MP, et al. (April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC153065">"Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates the levels of insulin, amyloid beta-protein, and the beta-amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain in vivo"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>100</b> (7): 4162–7. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PNAS..100.4162F">2003PNAS..100.4162F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0230450100">10.1073/pnas.0230450100</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC153065">153065</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12634421">12634421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Insulin-degrading+enzyme+regulates+the+levels+of+insulin%2C+amyloid+beta-protein%2C+and+the+beta-amyloid+precursor+protein+intracellular+domain+in+vivo&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=4162-7&rft.date=2003-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC153065%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12634421&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0230450100&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003PNAS..100.4162F&rft.aulast=Farris&rft.aufirst=W&rft.au=Mansourian%2C+S&rft.au=Chang%2C+Y&rft.au=Lindsley%2C+L&rft.au=Eckman%2C+EA&rft.au=Frosch%2C+MP&rft.au=Eckman%2C+CB&rft.au=Tanzi%2C+RE&rft.au=Selkoe%2C+DJ&rft.au=Guenette%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC153065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12507914-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12507914_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookLeverenzMcMillanKulstad2003" class="citation journal cs1">Cook DG, Leverenz JB, McMillan PJ, Kulstad JJ, Ericksen S, Roth RA, et al. (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20030830123152/http://ajp.amjpathol.org/cgi/content/abstract/162/1/313">"Reduced hippocampal insulin-degrading enzyme in late-onset Alzheimer's disease is associated with the apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 allele"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Pathology</i>. <b>162</b> (1): 313–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0002-9440%2810%2963822-9">10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63822-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1851126">1851126</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12507914">12507914</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ajp.amjpathol.org/cgi/content/abstract/162/1/313">the original</a> on 2003-08-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Pathology&rft.atitle=Reduced+hippocampal+insulin-degrading+enzyme+in+late-onset+Alzheimer%27s+disease+is+associated+with+the+apolipoprotein+E-epsilon4+allele&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=313-9&rft.date=2003-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1851126%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12507914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0002-9440%2810%2963822-9&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=DG&rft.au=Leverenz%2C+JB&rft.au=McMillan%2C+PJ&rft.au=Kulstad%2C+JJ&rft.au=Ericksen%2C+S&rft.au=Roth%2C+RA&rft.au=Schellenberg%2C+GD&rft.au=Jin%2C+LW&rft.au=Kovacina%2C+KS&rft.au=Craft%2C+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fajp.amjpathol.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F162%2F1%2F313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17244626-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17244626_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimHershLeissringIngelsson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kim M, Hersh LB, Leissring MA, Ingelsson M, Matsui T, Farris W, et al. (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M609168200">"Decreased catalytic activity of the insulin-degrading enzyme in chromosome 10-linked Alzheimer disease families"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>282</b> (11): 7825–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M609168200">10.1074/jbc.M609168200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17244626">17244626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Decreased+catalytic+activity+of+the+insulin-degrading+enzyme+in+chromosome+10-linked+Alzheimer+disease+families&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=7825-32&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M609168200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17244626&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Hersh%2C+LB&rft.au=Leissring%2C+MA&rft.au=Ingelsson%2C+M&rft.au=Matsui%2C+T&rft.au=Farris%2C+W&rft.au=Lu%2C+A&rft.au=Hyman%2C+BT&rft.au=Selkoe%2C+DJ&rft.au=Bertram%2C+L&rft.au=Tanzi%2C+RE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M609168200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9793760-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9793760_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuckworthBennettHamel1998" class="citation journal cs1">Duckworth WC, Bennett RG, Hamel FG (October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1210%2Fedrv.19.5.0349">"Insulin degradation: progress and potential"</a>. <i>Endocrine Reviews</i>. <b>19</b> (5): 608–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1210%2Fedrv.19.5.0349">10.1210/edrv.19.5.0349</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9793760">9793760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endocrine+Reviews&rft.atitle=Insulin+degradation%3A+progress+and+potential&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=608-24&rft.date=1998-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1210%2Fedrv.19.5.0349&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9793760&rft.aulast=Duckworth&rft.aufirst=WC&rft.au=Bennett%2C+RG&rft.au=Hamel%2C+FG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1210%252Fedrv.19.5.0349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16511862-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16511862_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynchGeorgeEisenhauerConn2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lynch JA, George AM, Eisenhauer PB, Conn K, Gao W, Carreras I, et al. (May 2006). "Insulin degrading enzyme is localized predominantly at the cell surface of polarized and unpolarized human cerebrovascular endothelial cell cultures". <i>Journal of Neuroscience Research</i>. <b>83</b> (7): 1262–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjnr.20809">10.1002/jnr.20809</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16511862">16511862</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23670388">23670388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neuroscience+Research&rft.atitle=Insulin+degrading+enzyme+is+localized+predominantly+at+the+cell+surface+of+polarized+and+unpolarized+human+cerebrovascular+endothelial+cell+cultures&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1262-70&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23670388%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16511862&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjnr.20809&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=George%2C+AM&rft.au=Eisenhauer%2C+PB&rft.au=Conn%2C+K&rft.au=Gao%2C+W&rft.au=Carreras%2C+I&rft.au=Wells%2C+JM&rft.au=McKee%2C+A&rft.au=Ullman%2C+MD&rft.au=Fine%2C+RE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuthierBergeronOuRachubinski1995" class="citation journal cs1">Authier F, Bergeron JJ, Ou WJ, Rachubinski RA, Posner BI, Walton PA (April 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC42061">"Degradation of the cleaved leader peptide of thiolase by a peroxisomal proteinase"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>92</b> (9): 3859–63. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PNAS...92.3859A">1995PNAS...92.3859A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.92.9.3859">10.1073/pnas.92.9.3859</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC42061">42061</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7731996">7731996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+the+cleaved+leader+peptide+of+thiolase+by+a+peroxisomal+proteinase&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=3859-63&rft.date=1995-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC42061%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7731996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.92.9.3859&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995PNAS...92.3859A&rft.aulast=Authier&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Bergeron%2C+JJ&rft.au=Ou%2C+WJ&rft.au=Rachubinski%2C+RA&rft.au=Posner%2C+BI&rft.au=Walton%2C+PA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC42061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothMesirowCassellYokono1985" class="citation journal cs1">Roth RA, Mesirow ML, Cassell DJ, Yokono K, Baba S (March 1985). "Characterization of an insulin degrading enzyme from cultured human lymphocytes". <i>Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 31–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-8227%2885%2980026-7">10.1016/S0168-8227(85)80026-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3915257">3915257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+Research+and+Clinical+Practice&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+an+insulin+degrading+enzyme+from+cultured+human+lymphocytes&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-9&rft.date=1985-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-8227%2885%2980026-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3915257&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=RA&rft.au=Mesirow%2C+ML&rft.au=Cassell%2C+DJ&rft.au=Yokono%2C+K&rft.au=Baba%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSempleLangSpeckDelovitch1992" class="citation journal cs1">Semple JW, Lang Y, Speck ER, Delovitch TL (October 1992). "Processing and presentation of insulin. III. Insulin degrading enzyme: a neutral metalloendoproteinase that is non-homologous to classical endoproteinases mediates the processing of insulin epitopes for helper T cells". <i>International Immunology</i>. <b>4</b> (10): 1161–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fintimm%2F4.10.1161">10.1093/intimm/4.10.1161</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1283335">1283335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Immunology&rft.atitle=Processing+and+presentation+of+insulin.+III.+Insulin+degrading+enzyme%3A+a+neutral+metalloendoproteinase+that+is+non-homologous+to+classical+endoproteinases+mediates+the+processing+of+insulin+epitopes+for+helper+T+cells&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1161-7&rft.date=1992-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fintimm%2F4.10.1161&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1283335&rft.aulast=Semple&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.au=Lang%2C+Y&rft.au=Speck%2C+ER&rft.au=Delovitch%2C+TL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pd4-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pd4_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pd4_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQiuWalshYeVekrellis1998" class="citation journal cs1">Qiu WQ, Walsh DM, Ye Z, Vekrellis K, Zhang J, Podlisny MB, et al. (December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.49.32730">"Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates extracellular levels of amyloid beta-protein by degradation"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>273</b> (49): 32730–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.49.32730">10.1074/jbc.273.49.32730</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9830016">9830016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Insulin-degrading+enzyme+regulates+extracellular+levels+of+amyloid+beta-protein+by+degradation&rft.volume=273&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=32730-8&rft.date=1998-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.273.49.32730&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9830016&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=WQ&rft.au=Walsh%2C+DM&rft.au=Ye%2C+Z&rft.au=Vekrellis%2C+K&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J&rft.au=Podlisny%2C+MB&rft.au=Rosner%2C+MR&rft.au=Safavi%2C+A&rft.au=Hersh%2C+LB&rft.au=Selkoe%2C+DJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.273.49.32730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pd5-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pd5_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamboliBarthChristianSiepmann2010" class="citation journal cs1">Tamboli IY, Barth E, Christian L, Siepmann M, Kumar S, Singh S, et al. (November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988346">"Statins promote the degradation of extracellular amyloid {beta}-peptide by microglia via stimulation of exosome-associated insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) secretion"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>285</b> (48): 37405–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M110.149468">10.1074/jbc.M110.149468</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988346">2988346</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20876579">20876579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Statins+promote+the+degradation+of+extracellular+amyloid+%7Bbeta%7D-peptide+by+microglia+via+stimulation+of+exosome-associated+insulin-degrading+enzyme+%28IDE%29+secretion&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=37405-14&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2988346%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20876579&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M110.149468&rft.aulast=Tamboli&rft.aufirst=IY&rft.au=Barth%2C+E&rft.au=Christian%2C+L&rft.au=Siepmann%2C+M&rft.au=Kumar%2C+S&rft.au=Singh%2C+S&rft.au=Tolksdorf%2C+K&rft.au=Heneka%2C+MT&rft.au=L%C3%BCtjohann%2C+D&rft.au=Wunderlich%2C+P&rft.au=Walter%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2988346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc23-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abc23_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abc23_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmataMarinoRussoToscano2009" class="citation journal cs1">Amata O, Marino T, Russo N, Toscano M (October 2009). "Human insulin-degrading enzyme working mechanism". <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>131</b> (41): 14804–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja9037142">10.1021/ja9037142</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19785409">19785409</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Human+insulin-degrading+enzyme+working+mechanism&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=14804-11&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja9037142&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19785409&rft.aulast=Amata&rft.aufirst=O&rft.au=Marino%2C+T&rft.au=Russo%2C+N&rft.au=Toscano%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeopoldiniRussoToscano2009" class="citation journal cs1">Leopoldini M, Russo N, Toscano M (August 2009). "Determination of the catalytic pathway of a manganese arginase enzyme through density functional investigation". <i>Chemistry: A European Journal</i>. <b>15</b> (32): 8026–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fchem.200802252">10.1002/chem.200802252</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19288480">19288480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry%3A+A+European+Journal&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+catalytic+pathway+of+a+manganese+arginase+enzyme+through+density+functional+investigation&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=8026-36&rft.date=2009-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fchem.200802252&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19288480&rft.aulast=Leopoldini&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Russo%2C+N&rft.au=Toscano%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHersh2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hersh LB (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11136442">"The insulysin (insulin degrading enzyme) enigma"</a>. <i>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences</i>. <b>63</b> (21): 2432–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00018-006-6238-9">10.1007/s00018-006-6238-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11136442">11136442</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16952049">16952049</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12536419">12536419</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+and+Molecular+Life+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+insulysin+%28insulin+degrading+enzyme%29+enigma&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=2432-4&rft.date=2006-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11136442%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12536419%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16952049&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00018-006-6238-9&rft.aulast=Hersh&rft.aufirst=LB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11136442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsulin-degrading+enzyme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/MEROPS" title="MEROPS">MEROPS</a> online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/cgi-bin/merops.cgi?id=M16.002">M16.002</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Insulin-Degrading+Enzyme">Insulin-Degrading+Enzyme</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="PDB_gallery" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PDB_Gallery" title="Template:PDB Gallery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PDB_Gallery" title="Template talk:PDB Gallery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PDB_Gallery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PDB Gallery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="PDB_gallery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">PDB gallery</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2g47_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2g47: Crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with amyloid-beta (1-40)"><img alt="2g47: Crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with amyloid-beta (1-40)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/PDB_2g47_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2g47_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/PDB_2g47_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2g47_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/PDB_2g47_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2g47_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2g47</b>: Crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with amyloid-beta (1-40)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2g48_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2g48: crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with amylin"><img alt="2g48: crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with amylin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PDB_2g48_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2g48_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PDB_2g48_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2g48_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PDB_2g48_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2g48_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2g48</b>: crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with amylin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2g49_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2g49: Crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with glucagon"><img alt="2g49: Crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with glucagon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PDB_2g49_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2g49_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PDB_2g49_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2g49_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PDB_2g49_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2g49_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2g49</b>: Crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with glucagon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2g54_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2g54: Crystal structure of Zn-bound human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with insulin B chain"><img alt="2g54: Crystal structure of Zn-bound human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with insulin B chain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/PDB_2g54_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2g54_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/PDB_2g54_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2g54_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/PDB_2g54_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2g54_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2g54</b>: Crystal structure of Zn-bound human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with insulin B chain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2g56_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2g56: crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with insulin B chain"><img alt="2g56: crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with insulin B chain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/PDB_2g56_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2g56_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/PDB_2g56_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2g56_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/PDB_2g56_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2g56_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2g56</b>: crystal structure of human insulin-degrading enzyme in complex with insulin B chain</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Proteases:_metalloendopeptidases_(EC_3.4.24)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metalloendopeptidases" title="Template:Metalloendopeptidases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metalloendopeptidases" title="Template talk:Metalloendopeptidases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metalloendopeptidases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metalloendopeptidases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Proteases:_metalloendopeptidases_(EC_3.4.24)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">Proteases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Metalloendopeptidase" title="Metalloendopeptidase">metalloendopeptidases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#EC_3.4.24:_Metallopeptidases" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.4.24</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/A_disintegrin_and_metalloproteinase" class="mw-redirect" title="A disintegrin and metalloproteinase">ADAM proteins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_secretase" title="Alpha secretase">Alpha secretases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAM9" title="ADAM9">ADAM9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM10" title="ADAM10">ADAM10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM17" title="ADAM17">ADAM17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM19" title="ADAM19">ADAM19</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM2" title="ADAM2">ADAM2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM7" title="ADAM7">ADAM7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM8" title="ADAM8">ADAM8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM11" title="ADAM11">ADAM11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM12" title="ADAM12">ADAM12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM15" title="ADAM15">ADAM15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM18" title="ADAM18">ADAM18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM22" title="ADAM22">ADAM22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM23" title="ADAM23">ADAM23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM28" title="ADAM28">ADAM28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM33" title="ADAM33">ADAM33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS1" title="ADAMTS1">ADAMTS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS2" title="ADAMTS2">ADAMTS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS3" title="ADAMTS3">ADAMTS3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS4" title="ADAMTS4">ADAMTS4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS5" title="ADAMTS5">ADAMTS5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS8" title="ADAMTS8">ADAMTS8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS9" title="ADAMTS9">ADAMTS9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS10" title="ADAMTS10">ADAMTS10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS12" title="ADAMTS12">ADAMTS12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS13" title="ADAMTS13">ADAMTS13</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matrix_metalloproteinase" title="Matrix metalloproteinase">Matrix metalloproteinases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collagenase" title="Collagenase">Collagenases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MMP1" class="mw-redirect" title="MMP1">MMP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP8" title="MMP8">MMP8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatinase" title="Gelatinase">Gelatinases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MMP2" title="MMP2">MMP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP9" title="MMP9">MMP9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP3" title="MMP3">MMP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP7" title="MMP7">MMP7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP10" title="MMP10">MMP10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP11" title="MMP11">MMP11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_metallopeptidase_12" title="Matrix metallopeptidase 12">MMP12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_metallopeptidase_13" title="Matrix metallopeptidase 13">MMP13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP14" title="MMP14">MMP14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP15" title="MMP15">MMP15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP16" title="MMP16">MMP16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP17" title="MMP17">MMP17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP19" title="MMP19">MMP19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP20" title="MMP20">MMP20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP21" title="MMP21">MMP21</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MMP23A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MMP23A (page does not exist)">MMP23A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP23B" title="MMP23B">MMP23B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP24" title="MMP24">MMP24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP25" title="MMP25">MMP25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP26" title="MMP26">MMP26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP27" title="MMP27">MMP27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMP28" title="MMP28">MMP28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neprilysin" title="Neprilysin">Neprilysin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procollagen_peptidase" title="Procollagen peptidase">Procollagen peptidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermolysin" title="Thermolysin">Thermolysin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy-associated_plasma_protein_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A">Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_1" title="Bone morphogenetic protein 1">Bone morphogenetic protein 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysostaphin" title="Lysostaphin">Lysostaphin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Insulin-degrading enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZMPSTE24" title="ZMPSTE24">ZMPSTE24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&oldid=1227016518">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&oldid=1227016518</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Genes_on_human_chromosome_10" title="Category:Genes on human chromosome 10">Genes on human chromosome 10</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Zinc_enzymes" title="Category:Zinc enzymes">Zinc enzymes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Genes_mutated_in_mice" title="Category:Genes mutated in mice">Genes mutated in mice</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 June 2024, at 04:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insulin-degrading_enzyme&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-xz5ct","wgBackendResponseTime":144,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.821","walltime":"1.175","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1758,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":118735,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":530,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":70,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":128140,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":69,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1078.368 1 -total"," 67.73% 730.379 1 Template:Infobox_gene"," 14.19% 152.975 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.59% 114.243 21 Template:Cite_journal"," 10.00% 107.854 2 Template:Navbox"," 9.92% 106.978 1 Template:PDB_Gallery"," 5.87% 63.271 1 Template:Short_description"," 3.22% 34.766 2 Template:Pagetype"," 2.46% 26.486 1 Template:PDB_Gallery/3416"," 1.74% 18.805 3 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.651","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8808766,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-xq668","timestamp":"20241122153054","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Insulin-degrading enzyme","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insulin-degrading_enzyme","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1225690","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1225690","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-05-14T23:35:31Z","dateModified":"2024-06-03T04:47:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2f\/Ideogram_human_chromosome_10.svg","headline":"mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens"}</script> </body> </html>