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C# Stack with Examples - GeeksforGeeks

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target="_self">Beginner's DSA Sheet</a></li><li class="mega-dropdown__list-item" data-child="true" aria-expanded="false" data-expandable="false"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/explore?page=1&sprint=50746f92a895c22a50504ac0c1fb9c84&sortBy=submissions&sprint_name=Top 50 Array Problems&itm_source=geeksforgeeks&itm_medium=main_header_outIndia&itm_campaign=DSA_Header" target="_self">Top 50 Array Problems</a></li><li class="mega-dropdown__list-item" data-child="true" aria-expanded="false" data-expandable="false"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/explore?page=1&sprint=57184072610b884e5df3584cc534115d&sortBy=submissions&sprint_name=Top 50 String Problems&itm_source=geeksforgeeks&itm_medium=main_header_outIndia&itm_campaign=DSA_Header" target="_self">Top 50 String Problems</a></li><li class="mega-dropdown__list-item" data-child="true" aria-expanded="false" data-expandable="false"><a 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class="three_dot_dropdown_div three_dot_dropdown_reportarticle"> <div class="three_dot_dropdown_inner_div" data-gfg-action="report-article" onclick="report_article();"> <i class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_report"></i> <span>Report</span> </div> </div> <!-- <button data-gfg-action="like-article" data-bookmark-value="0"> <i class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_thumbs"></i> </button> --> </div> <div class="article--viewer_Gnews tooltip"> <a class="three_dot_dropdown_inner_div Gnews_wrapper" href ='https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMLTrzwsw44bnAw?hl=en-IN&gl=IN&ceid=IN%3Aen' target="_blank"> <img class="gfg-icon_Gnews no-zoom-in-cursor" src=https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/Google-news.svg loading="lazy" alt="News"></img> <span class='kebab_menu_news_text'>Follow</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text"> <p dir="ltr"><span>In C# a </span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c-sharp-stack-class/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Stack</span></a><span> is a Collection that follows the </span><b><strong>Last-In-First-Out (LIFO)</strong></b><span> principle. It is used when we need last-in, first-out access to items. In C# there are both </span><b><strong>generic</strong></b><span> and </span><b><strong>non-generic</strong></b><span> types of Stacks. The generic stack is in the </span><b><strong>System.Collections.Generic</strong></b><span> namespace, while the non-generic stack is in </span><b><strong>System.Collections.</strong></b><span> The stack can dynamically store elements of the same or different types.</span></p> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Example:</strong></b><span> This example demonstrates the </span><i><b><strong class="GFGEditorTheme__textItalic">basic working of Stack.</strong></b></i></p> <gfg-tabs data-run-ide="true" data-mode="light"> <gfg-tab slot="tab">C#</gfg-tab> <gfg-panel slot="panel" data-code-lang="csharp" data-main-code-start="None" data-main-code-end="None"> <code class="language-csharp"><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><span class=c1>// C# Program Implementing Stack Class </span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System.Collections.Generic</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>class</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>Geeks</span> <span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>public</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>Main</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=kt>string</span><span class=p>[]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>args</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Create a new stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>new</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Push elements onto the stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>1</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>2</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>3</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>4</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Pop elements from the stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>while</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Count</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=m>0</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Pop</span><span class=p>());</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=p>}</span> </pre></div></code> </gfg-panel></gfg-tabs><div class="code-output"><br><strong>Output</strong><pre>4 3 2 1 </pre></div><p dir="ltr"><i><b><strong class="GFGEditorTheme__textItalic">Below is the diagramatic Representation of Working of Stack:</strong></b></i></p> <img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127144828247228/Stack-diagram.webp" alt="Stack-diagram" width="600" height="346" srcset="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127144828247228/Stack-diagram.webp 600w,https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127144828247228/Stack-diagram-100.webp 100w,https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127144828247228/Stack-diagram-200.webp 200w,https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127144828247228/Stack-diagram-300.webp 300w"><h2 style="text-align:left"><span>Hierarchy of Stack Class</span></h2><p dir="ltr"><span>The below diagram shows the Hierarchy of Stack class.</span></p><div id="GFG_AD_gfg_mobile_336x280" style="margin: 5px 0;"></div> <img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127160715467066/CSharp-Stack-Hierarchy.webp" alt="CSharp-Stack-Hierarchy" width="600" height="346" srcset="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127160715467066/CSharp-Stack-Hierarchy.webp 600w,https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127160715467066/CSharp-Stack-Hierarchy-100.webp 100w,https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127160715467066/CSharp-Stack-Hierarchy-200.webp 200w,https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250127160715467066/CSharp-Stack-Hierarchy-300.webp 300w" loading="lazy"><ul><li value="1"><span>The Stack class implements the</span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c-sharp-program-for-implementing-ienumerable-interface-using-linq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>&nbsp;IEnumerable</span></a><span>,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c-sharp-get-an-icollection-containing-values-in-ordereddictionary/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>ICollection, </span></a><span>and&nbsp;ICloneable&nbsp;interfaces.</span></li><li value="2"><span>When we add an item to the list, it is called&nbsp;pushing&nbsp;the element.</span></li><li value="3"><span>When we remove it, it is called&nbsp;popping&nbsp;the element.</span></li><li value="4"><span>The capacity of a Stack is the number of elements the Stack can hold. As elements are added to a Stack, the capacity is automatically increased as required through reallocation.</span></li><li value="5"><span>In Stack, we are allowed to store duplicate elements.</span></li><li value="6"><span>A Stack accepts null as a valid value for reference types.</span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align:left"><span>Creating a Stack</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><span>Stack class has&nbsp;three&nbsp;constructors which are used to create a stack which is as follows:</span></p> <ul><li value="1"><b><strong>Stack():</strong></b><span>&nbsp;This constructor is used to create an instance of the Stack class which is empty and having the default initial capacity.</span></li><li value="2"><span>Stack(ICollection):&nbsp;This constructor is used to create an instance of the Stack class which contains elements copied from the specified collection, and has the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied.</span></li><li value="3"><b><strong>Stack(Int32)</strong></b><span>:&nbsp;This constructor is used to create an instance of the Stack class which is empty and having specified initial capacity or the default initial capacity, whichever is greater</span></li></ul><p dir="ltr"><span>Let鈥檚 see how to </span><b><strong>create a stack using Stack() constructor:</strong></b></p> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Step 1</strong></b><span>:&nbsp;Include&nbsp;</span><b><strong>System.Collections</strong></b><span>&nbsp;namespace in your program with the help of using keyword</span></p> <blockquote><p dir="ltr"><span>using System.Collections;</span></p> </blockquote><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Step 2:</strong></b><span> Create a Stack using Stack class</span></p><div id="GFG_AD_Desktop_InContent_ATF_336x280" style="text-align:center; max-height: 280px;"></div><div id="GFG_AD_gfg_mobile_336x280_1" style="margin: 5px 0;"></div> <blockquote><p dir="ltr"><span>Stack s = new Stack();</span></p><div id="_GFG_ABP_Incontent_728x90" style="text-align:center;"></div> </blockquote><h3 style="text-align:left"><span>Performing Various Operations on Stack</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>1. Adding Elements</strong></b><span>: We use</span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-push-method-in-c-sharp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span> push()</span></a><span> method to insert elements in a stack.</span></p> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Example:</strong></b><span> This example demonstrates how to create non-generic stack, add various elements to it and access them in Last-In-FIrst-Out (LIFO) Order.</span></p> <gfg-tabs data-run-ide="true" data-mode="light"> <gfg-tab slot="tab">C#</gfg-tab> <gfg-panel slot="panel" data-code-lang="csharp" data-main-code-start="None" data-main-code-end="None"> <code class="language-csharp"><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><span class=c1>// C# program to demonstrates how to</span> <span class=c1>// create and add elements into a stack</span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System.Collections</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>class</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>Geeks</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>public</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>Main</span><span class=p>()</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Create a stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Using Stack class</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>new</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Adding elements in the Stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Using Push method</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>&quot;Geek&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>&quot;geeksforgeeks&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>null</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>1</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>10.0</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Accessing the elements</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// of s Stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Using foreach loop</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>foreach</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=kt>var</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>elem</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>in</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>elem</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=p>}</span> </pre></div></code> </gfg-panel></gfg-tabs><div class="code-output"><br><strong>Output</strong><pre>10 1 geeksforgeeks Geek </pre></div><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>2. Removing Elements:</strong></b><span>The Stack class provides two different methods to remove elements and the methods are listed below:</span></p> <ul><li value="1"><b><strong>Clear() Method: </strong></b><span>The&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-clear-method-in-c-sharp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>clear()</span></a><span> is used to remove all the objects from the stack.</span></li><li value="2"><b><strong>Pop Method():</strong></b><span> The&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-pop-method-in-c-sharp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>pop()</span></a><span> is used to removes the beginning element of the stack.</span></li></ul><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Example</strong></b><span>: This example displays the contents of the stack before and after removal.</span></p> <gfg-tabs data-run-ide="true" data-mode="light"> <gfg-tab slot="tab">C#</gfg-tab> <gfg-panel slot="panel" data-code-lang="csharp" data-main-code-start="None" data-main-code-end="None"> <code class="language-csharp"><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><span class=c1>// C# Program to remove elements</span> <span class=c1>// from a stack</span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System.Collections.Generic</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>class</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>Geeks</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>public</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>Main</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=kt>string</span><span class=p>[]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>args</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Initialize a stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>string</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>new</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>string</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Inserting elements into the s using Push()</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>&quot;Geeks&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>&quot;For&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>&quot;Geeks&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>&quot;For&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Initial stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>&quot;Initial stack: &quot;</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>foreach</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=kt>var</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>item</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>in</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>item</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Removing the top element </span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// from the stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Pop</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Final s after removal</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>&quot;\nUpdated stack after Pop:&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>foreach</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=kt>var</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>item</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>in</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>item</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=p>}</span> </pre></div></code> </gfg-panel></gfg-tabs><div class="code-output"><br><strong>Output</strong><pre>Initial stack: For Geeks For Geeks Updated stack after Pop: Geeks For Geeks </pre></div><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>3. Get the Topmost Element of the Stack:</strong></b><span> The Stack class provides two different methods to find the topmost element of the stack and the methods are listed below:</span></p> <ul><li value="1"><b><strong>Pop() Method</strong></b><span>: The&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-pop-method-in-c-sharp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Pop()</span></a><span>method returns the object at the beginning of the stack with modification means this method removes the topmost element of the stack.</span></li><li value="2"><b><strong>Peek() Method: </strong></b><span>The&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-peek-method-in-c-sharp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Peek()</span></a><span>method returns the object at the beginning of the stack without removing it.</span></li></ul><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Example</strong></b><span>: This example demonstrates how to peek at the topmost element of a Stack.</span></p> <gfg-tabs data-run-ide="true" data-mode="light"> <gfg-tab slot="tab">C#</gfg-tab> <gfg-panel slot="panel" data-code-lang="csharp" data-main-code-start="None" data-main-code-end="None"> <code class="language-csharp"><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><span class=c1>// C# Program to get the</span> <span class=c1>// topmost element of the Stack</span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System.Collections.Generic</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>class</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>Geeks</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>public</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>Main</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=kt>string</span><span class=p>[]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>args</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Create a new stack of integers</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s1</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>new</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Push elements onto the stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s1</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>10</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s1</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>20</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s1</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>30</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Checking if the stack is not empty before</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// accessing the topmost element</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>if</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>s1</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Count</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=m>0</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Peek() returns the topmost element without</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// removing it</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s1</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Peek</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;The topmost element in the stack is: &quot;</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>t</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>else</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>&quot;The stack is empty.&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=p>}</span> </pre></div></code> </gfg-panel></gfg-tabs><div class="code-output"><br><strong>Output</strong><pre>The topmost element in the stack is: 30 </pre></div><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>4. Checking the Availability of Elements in the Stack:</strong></b><span> Stack class provide </span><b><strong>Contains()</strong></b><span> method to check if the element is present in the Stack or not.</span></p> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Example:</strong></b></p> <gfg-tabs data-run-ide="true" data-mode="light"> <gfg-tab slot="tab">C#</gfg-tab> <gfg-panel slot="panel" data-code-lang="csharp" data-main-code-start="None" data-main-code-end="None"> <code class="language-csharp"><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><span class=c1>// C# Program to to check the </span> <span class=c1>// availability of elements in the stack</span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>System.Collections.Generic</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=k>class</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>Geeks</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>public</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>Main</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=kt>string</span><span class=p>[]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>args</span><span class=p>)</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Create a new stack of integers</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>new</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>Stack</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Push elements onto the stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>10</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>20</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>30</span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Check if the element 20 is present in the stack</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;The element 20 is present in the stack: &quot;</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Contains</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>20</span><span class=p>));</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=n>Console</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>WriteLine</span><span class=p>(</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;The element 100 is present in the stack: &quot;</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>Contains</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=m>100</span><span class=p>));</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> <span class=p>}</span> </pre></div></code> </gfg-panel></gfg-tabs><div class="code-output"><br><strong>Output</strong><pre>The element 20 is present in the stack: True The element 100 is present in the stack: False </pre></div><h3 style="text-align:left"><span>Generic Stack vs Non-Generic Stack</span></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="width: 50%; text-align: center;"><p dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;"><span>Generic Stack</span></p> </th><th style="text-align: center;"><p dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;"><span>Non-Generic Stack</span></p> </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="width: 50%;"><p dir="ltr"><span>Generic stack is defined under System.Collections.Generic namespace.</span></p> </td><td><p dir="ltr"><span>Non-Generic stack is defined under System.Collections namespace.</span></p> </td></tr><tr><td style="width: 50%;"><p dir="ltr"><span>Generic stack can only store same type of elements.</span></p> </td><td><p dir="ltr"><span>Non-Generic stack can store same type or different types of elements.</span></p> </td></tr><tr><td style="width: 50%;"><p dir="ltr"><span>There is a need to define the type of the elements in the stack</span></p> </td><td><p dir="ltr"><span>There is no need to define the type of the elements in the stack.</span></p> </td></tr><tr><td style="width: 50%;"><p dir="ltr"><span>It is type-safe.</span></p> </td><td><p dir="ltr"><span>It is not type-safe.</span></p> </td></tr></tbody></table><br/><div id="AP_G4GR_6"></div> <!-- Quiz Carousel --> <div class='article_bottom_text'></div><br> <div id="video-tab-content" class="video-tab-content"> <div style="text-align: center; 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Monotonic Stack maintaining elements in either increasing or decreasing order. It is commonly used to efficiently solve problems such as finding the next greater or smaller element in an array etc. Table of Content Wh</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">12 min read</span> </div> </a></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-stack-and-queue-data-structures/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Difference Between Stack and Queue Data Structures </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">In computer science, data structures are fundamental concepts that are crucial for organizing and storing data efficiently. Among the various data structures, stacks and queues are two of the most basic yet essential structures used in programming and algorithm design. Despite their simplicity, they</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">4 min read</span> </div> </a></li><div class="leftbar-dropdown" style="background-color:var(--leftbar-background-color); border-bottom:1px solid #CCC;"><h2 class="dropdown-title active">Stack implementation in different language<span class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_arrow-down-thin upside"></span></h2><ul><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-in-cpp-stl/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Stack in C++ STL </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">In C++, stack container implements the stack data structure which follows LIFO (Last In First Out) order of insertion and deletion. It means that most recently inserted element is removed first and the first inserted element will be removed last. This is done by allowing insertion and deletion eleme</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">5 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-class-in-java/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Stack Class in Java </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Java Collection framework provides a Stack class that models and implements a Stack data structure. The class is based on the basic principle of LIFO(last-in-first-out). In addition to the basic push and pop operations, the class provides three more functions of empty, search, and peek. The Stack cl</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">11 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-in-python/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Stack in Python </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">A stack is a linear data structure that stores items in a Last-In/First-Out (LIFO) or First-In/Last-Out (FILO) manner. In stack, a new element is added at one end and an element is removed from that end only. The insert and delete operations are often called push and pop. The functions associated wi</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">8 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="currentpage similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c-sharp-stack-with-examples/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">C# Stack with Examples </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">In C# a Stack is a Collection that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle. It is used when we need last-in, first-out access to items. In C# there are both generic and non-generic types of Stacks. The generic stack is in the System.Collections.Generic namespace, while the non-generic stack i</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">6 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implementation-stack-javascript/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Implementation of Stack in JavaScript </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">A stack is a fundamental data structure in computer science that follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle. This means that the last element added to the stack will be the first one to be removed. Stacks are widely used in various applications, such as function call management, undo mechanisms</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">4 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-in-scala/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Stack in Scala </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">A stack is a data structure that follows the last-in, first-out(LIFO) principle. We can add or remove element only from one end called top. Scala has both mutable and immutable versions of a stack. Syntax : import scala.collection.mutable.Stack var s = Stack[type]() // OR var s = Stack(val1, val2, v</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">3 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li></ul></div><div class="leftbar-dropdown"><h2 class="dropdown-title">Some questions related to Stack implementation<span class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_arrow-down-thin"></span></h2><ul style="display: none;"><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/design-and-implement-special-stack-data-structure/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Design and Implement Special Stack Data Structure | Added Space Optimized Version </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Question: Design a Data Structure SpecialStack that supports all the stack operations like push(), pop(), isEmpty(), isFull() and an additional operation getMin() which should return minimum element from the SpecialStack. All these operations of SpecialStack must be O(1). To implement SpecialStack,</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implement-two-stacks-in-an-array/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Implement two Stacks in an Array </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Create a data structure twoStacks that represent two stacks. Implementation of twoStacks should use only one array, i.e., both stacks should use the same array for storing elements. Following functions must be supported by twoStacks. push1(int x) --&gt; pushes x to first stack push2(int x) --&gt; pu</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implement-stack-using-queue/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Implement Stack using Queues </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a Queue data structure that supports standard operations like enqueue() and dequeue(). The task is to implement a Stack data structure using Queue. &Acirc;&nbsp; A Stack can be implemented using two queues. Let Stack to be implemented be 's' and queues used to implement are 'q1' and 'q2'. Stack 's' can be</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">14 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/efficiently-implement-k-stacks-single-array/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">How to efficiently implement k stacks in a single array? </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">We have discussed space-efficient implementation of 2 stacks in a single array. In this post, a general solution for k stacks is discussed. Following is the detailed problem statement. Create a data structure kStacks that represents k stacks. Implementation of kStacks should use only one array, i.e.</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/design-a-stack-that-supports-getmin-in-o1-time-and-o1-extra-space/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Design a stack that supports getMin() in O(1) time </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Design a Data Structure SpecialStack that supports all the stack operations like push(), pop(), peek() and an additional operation getMin() which should return minimum element from the SpecialStack. All these operations of SpecialStack must have a time complexity of O(1). Example: Input: queries = [</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">13 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implement-a-stack-using-single-queue/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Implement a stack using single queue </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">We are given queue data structure, the task is to implement stack using only given queue data structure.We have discussed a solution that uses two queues. In this article, a new solution is discussed that uses only one queue. This solution assumes that we can find size of queue at any point. The ide</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">6 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implement-stack-using-priority-queue-or-heap/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">How to implement stack using priority queue or heap? </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">How to Implement stack using a priority queue(using min heap)? Asked In: Microsoft, Adobe.&Acirc;&nbsp; Solution: In the priority queue, we assign priority to the elements that are being pushed. A stack requires elements to be processed in the Last in First Out manner. The idea is to associate a count that dete</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">6 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/create-customized-data-structure-evaluates-functions-o1/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Create a customized data structure which evaluates functions in O(1) </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Create a customized data structure such that it has functions :- GetLastElement(); RemoveLastElement(); AddElement() GetMin() All the functions should be of O(1) Question Source : amazon interview questions Approach : create a custom stack of type structure with two elements, (element, min_till_now)</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">7 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implement-stack-queue-using-deque/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Implement Stack and Queue using Deque </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Deque also known as double ended queue, as name suggests is a special kind&Acirc;&nbsp;of queue in which insertions and deletions can be done at the last as well&Acirc;&nbsp;as at the beginning. A link-list representation of deque is such that each node points to the next&Acirc;&nbsp;node as well as the previous node. So that insertio</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li></ul></div><div class="leftbar-dropdown"><h2 class="dropdown-title">Easy problems on Stack<span class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_arrow-down-thin"></span></h2><ul style="display: none;"><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/convert-infix-expression-to-postfix-expression/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Convert Infix expression to Postfix expression </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Write a program to convert an Infix expression to Postfix form. Infix expression: The expression of the form "a operator b" (a + b) i.e., when an operator is in-between every pair of operands.Postfix expression: The expression of the form "a b operator" (ab+) i.e., When every pair of operands is fol</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">11 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/prefix-infix-conversion/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Prefix to Infix Conversion </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Infix : An expression is called the Infix expression if the operator appears in between the operands in the expression. Simply of the form (operand1 operator operand2). Example : (A+B) * (C-D) Prefix : An expression is called the prefix expression if the operator appears in the expression before the</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">6 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/prefix-postfix-conversion/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Prefix to Postfix Conversion </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a Prefix expression, convert it into a Postfix expression. Conversion of Prefix expression directly to Postfix without going through the process of converting them first to Infix and then to Postfix is much better in terms of computation and better understanding the expression (Computers evalu</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">6 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/postfix-prefix-conversion/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Postfix to Prefix Conversion </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Postfix: An expression is called the postfix expression if the operator appears in the expression after the operands. Simply of the form (operand1 operand2 operator). Example : AB+CD-* (Infix : (A+B) * (C-D) ) Prefix : An expression is called the prefix expression if the operator appears in the expr</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">7 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/postfix-to-infix/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Postfix to Infix </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Infix expression: The expression of the form a op b. When an operator is in-between every pair of operands. Postfix expression: The expression of the form a b op. When an operator is followed for every pair of operands. Postfix notation, also known as reverse Polish notation, is a syntax for mathema</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">7 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/convert-infix-prefix-notation/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Convert Infix To Prefix Notation </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given an infix expression consisting of operators (+, -, *, /, ^) and operands (lowercase characters), the task is to convert it to a prefix expression. Infix Expression: The expression of type a 'operator' b (a+b, where + is an operator) i.e., when the operator is between two operands. Prefix Expre</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">8 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/check-for-balanced-parentheses-in-an-expression/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Valid Parentheses in an Expression </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a string s representing an expression containing various types of brackets: {}, (), and [], the task is to determine whether the brackets in the expression are balanced or not. A balanced expression is one where every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket in the correct order. Ex</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">8 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/arithmetic-expression-evalution/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Arithmetic Expression Evaluation </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">The stack organization is very effective in evaluating arithmetic expressions. Expressions are usually represented in what is known as Infix notation, in which each operator is written between two operands (i.e., A + B). With this notation, we must distinguish between ( A + B )*C and A + ( B * C ) b</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">2 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/evaluation-of-postfix-expression/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Evaluation of Postfix Expression </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a postfix expression, the task is to evaluate the postfix expression. A Postfix expression isof the form "a b operator" ("a b +") i.e., a pair of operands is followed by an operator. Examples: Input: arr = ["2", "3", "1", "*", "+", "9", "-"]Output: -4Explanation: If the expression is converted</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">6 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reverse-a-stack-using-recursion/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">How to Reverse a Stack using Recursion </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Write a program to reverse a stack using recursion, without using any loop. Example: Input: elements present in stack from top to bottom 1 2 3 4 Output: 4 3 2 1 Input: elements present in stack from top to bottom 1 2 3Output: 3 2 1 Recommended PracticeReverse a StackTry It!Reverse a stack using Recu</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">11 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reverse-individual-words/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Reverse individual words </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given string str, we need to print the reverse of individual words. Examples: Input : Hello World Output : olleH dlroW Input : Geeks for Geeks Output : skeeG rof skeeG Method 1 (Simple): Generate all words separated by space. One by one reverse word and print them separated by space. Method 2 (Space</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-set-3-reverse-string-using-stack/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Reverse a String using Stack </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a string, reverse it using stack. Example: Input: str = "GeeksQuiz"Output: ziuQskeeG Input: str = "abc"Output: cba Approach: The idea is to create an empty stack and push all the characters from the string into it. Then pop each character one by one from the stack and put them back into the in</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">12 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reversing-a-queue/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Reversing a Queue </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Give an algorithm for reversing a queue Q. Only the following standard operations are allowed on queue. enqueue(x): Add an item x to the rear of the queue.dequeue(): Remove an item from the front of the queue.empty(): Checks if a queue is empty or not. The task is to reverse the queue. Examples: Inp</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">8 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li></ul></div><div class="leftbar-dropdown"><h2 class="dropdown-title">Intermediate problems on Stack<span class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_arrow-down-thin"></span></h2><ul style="display: none;"><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/create-mergable-stack/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">How to create mergeable stack? </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Design a stack with the following operations. push(Stack s, x): Adds an item x to stack s pop(Stack s): Removes the top item from stack s merge(Stack s1, Stack s2): Merge contents of s2 into s1. Time Complexity of all above operations should be O(1). If we use array implementation of the stack, then</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">8 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/the-stock-span-problem/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">The Stock Span Problem </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">The stock span problem is a financial problem where we have a series of daily price quotes for a stock denoted by an array arr[] and the task is to calculate the span of the stock's price for all days. The span of the stock's price on ith day represents the maximum number of consecutive days leading</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">11 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/next-greater-element/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Next Greater Element (NGE) for every element in given Array </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given an array arr[] of integers, the task is to find the Next Greater Element for each element of the array in order of their appearance in the array. Note: The Next Greater Element for an element x is the first greater element on the right side of x in the array. Elements for which no greater elem</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">9 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/next-greater-frequency-element/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Next Greater Frequency Element </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given an array, for each element find the value of the nearest element to the right which is having a frequency greater than that of the current element. If there does not exist an answer for a position, then make the value '-1'. Examples: Input : a[] = [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1] Output : [-1, -1, 1, 2,</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/maximum-product-of-indexes-of-next-greater-on-left-and-right/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Maximum product of indexes of next greater on left and right </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given an array a[1..N]. For each element at position i (1 &lt;= i &lt;= N). Where L(i) is defined as closest index j such that j &lt; i and a[j] &gt; a[i]. If no such j exists then L(i) = 0.R(i) is defined as closest index k such that k &gt; i and a[k] &gt; a[i]. If no such k exists then R(i) = 0. L</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/iterative-tower-of-hanoi/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Iterative Tower of Hanoi </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">The Tower of Hanoi is a mathematical puzzle. It consists of three poles and a number of disks of different sizes which can slide onto any pole. The puzzle starts with the disk in a neat stack in ascending order of size in one pole, the smallest at the top thus making a conical shape. The objective o</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sort-stack-using-temporary-stack/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Sort a stack using a temporary stack </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a stack of integers, sort it in ascending order using another temporary stack. Examples: Input : [34, 3, 31, 98, 92, 23]Output : [3, 23, 31, 34, 92, 98]Input : [3, 5, 1, 4, 2, 8]Output : [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] Algorithm: Create a temporary stack say tmpStack.While input stack is NOT empty do this:</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">6 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reverse-stack-without-using-extra-space/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Reverse a stack without using extra space in O(n) </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Reverse a Stack without using recursion and extra space. Even the functional Stack is not allowed. Examples: Input : 1-&gt;2-&gt;3-&gt;4 Output : 4-&gt;3-&gt;2-&gt;1 Input : 6-&gt;5-&gt;4 Output : 4-&gt;5-&gt;6 We have discussed a way of reversing a stack in the below post.Reverse a Stack using Recu</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">6 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/delete-middle-element-stack/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Delete middle element of a stack </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a stack with push(), pop(), and empty() operations, The task is to delete the middle element of it without using any additional data structure. 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The task is to check whether the given Queue elements can be arranged in increasing order in another Queue using a stack. The operation allowed are: Push and pop elements from the stack Pop (Or Dequeue) from the given Queue. Push</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">9 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/check-array-stack-sortable/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Check if an array is stack sortable </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given an array of N distinct elements where elements are between 1 and N both inclusive, check if it is stack-sortable or not. An array A[] is said to be stack sortable if it can be stored in another array B[], using a temporary stack S. The operations that are allowed on array are: Remove the start</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">10 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/largest-rectangular-area-in-a-histogram-using-stack/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Largest Rectangular Area in a Histogram </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a histogram represented by an array arr[], where each element of the array denotes the height of the bars in the histogram. All bars have the same width of 1 unit. Task is to find the largest rectangular area possible in a given histogram where the largest rectangle can be made of a number of</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-the-maximum-of-minimums-for-every-window-size-in-a-given-array/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Maximum of minimums of every window size in a given array </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given an integer array arr[] of size n, the task is to find the maximum of the minimums for every window size in the given array, where the window size ranges from 1 to n. Example: Input: arr[] = [10, 20, 30]Output: [30, 20, 10]Explanation: First element in output indicates maximum of minimums of al</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">14 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-index-closing-bracket-given-opening-bracket-expression/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Find index of closing bracket for a given opening bracket in an expression </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a string with brackets. If the start index of the open bracket is given, find the index of the closing bracket. Examples: Input : string = [ABC[23]][89] index = 0 Output : 8 The opening bracket at index 0 corresponds to closing bracket at index 8.Recommended PracticeClosing bracket indexTry It</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">7 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-maximum-difference-between-nearest-left-and-right-smaller-elements/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Find maximum difference between nearest left and right smaller elements </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given an array of integers, the task is to find the maximum absolute difference between the nearest left and the right smaller element of every element in the array. Note: If there is no smaller element on right side or left side of any element then we take zero as the smaller element. For example f</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">12 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/delete-consecutive-words-sequence/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Delete consecutive same words in a sequence </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a sequence of n strings, the task is to check if any two similar words come together and then destroy each other then print the number of words left in the sequence after this pairwise destruction. Examples: Input : ab aa aa bcd abOutput : 3As aa, aa destroys each other so, ab bcd ab is the ne</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">9 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/check-mirror-n-ary-tree/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Check mirror in n-ary tree </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given two n-ary trees, the task is to check if they are the mirror of each other or not. Print "Yes" if they are the mirror of each other else "No". Examples: Input : Node = 3, Edges = 2 Edge 1 of first N-ary: 1 2 Edge 2 of first N-ary: 1 3 Edge 1 of second N-ary: 1 3 Edge 2 of second N-ary: 1 2 Out</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">13 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reverse-number-using-stack/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Reverse a number using stack </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a number , write a program to reverse this number using stack. Examples: Input : 365Output : 563Input : 6899Output : 9986We have already discussed the simple method to reverse a number in this post. In this post we will discuss about how to reverse a number using stack.The idea to do this is t</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">5 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reversing-first-k-elements-queue/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Reversing the first K elements of a Queue </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given an integer k and a queue of integers, The task is to reverse the order of the first k elements of the queue, leaving the other elements in the same relative order. Only following standard operations are allowed on queue. enqueue(x) : Add an item x to rear of queuedequeue() : Remove an item fro</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li></ul></div></div></ul> </div> </div> <div class="vote-wrap"> <div style="display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:100%;"> <button aria-label="like" data-type="like" class="vote-this" style="margin-right: 0; margin-left:0 ;"> <i class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_like favoriteIcon"></i> <span class="favoriteLike">Like</span> <figure class="favoriteText"></figure> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-meta"> <div class="bottom-wrap"> <div id="GFG_AD_InContent_Desktop_BTF_650x250" style="text-align:center;max-height: 300px;"></div> </div> <!-- end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="report_modal_content" class="report_modal_content" style="display:hidden;"></div> <div class="onopen-discussion-panel"> <div class="discussion-tab"> <div class="discussion_heading"> <div></div> <i class="gfg-icon close-tab-icon"></i> </div> <div class="discussion_content"> <div style="height:100%"> <div style="height:100%" id="comment-system"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="rightBar" style="padding-right: 5px;"> <style> .article--container_content{ align-items: unset !important; 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