Introduction to Linked List - Data Structure and Algorithm Tutorials

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It is a popular data structure with a wide range of real-world applications. Unlike Arrays, Linked List elements are not stored at a contiguous location.&nbsp;In", "about": [ { "@type": "Thing", "name": "LinkedList" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Dsa" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "DsaTutorials" } ] }</script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "name": "GeeksforGeeks", "url": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/search/{search_term_string}/", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } }</script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "GeeksforGeeks", "url": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/", "logo": "https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/20200817185016/gfg_complete_logo_2x-min.png", "description": "A computer science portal for geeks. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions.", "founder": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Sandeep Jain", "url": "https://in.linkedin.com/in/sandeep-jain-b3940815" } ], "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/geeksforgeeks.org/", "https://twitter.com/geeksforgeeks", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/1299009", "https://www.youtube.com/geeksforgeeksvideos/" ] }</script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is linked list data structure?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Linked list are most commonly used to handle dynamic data elements. Linked list consists of nodes and a node consists of two fields one for storing data and other for keeping the reference of next node." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is linked list example?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "A linked list can be assumed as a garland that is made up of flowers. Similarly, a linked list is made up of nodes. Every flower in this particular garland is referred to as a node. In addition, each node points to the next node in this list, and it contains data (in this case, the type of flower)." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Why do we need linked list data structure??", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "There are some important advantages to using linked lists over other linear data structures. This is unlike arrays, as they are resizable at runtime. Additionally, they can be easily inserted and deleted." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What are linked lists used for?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The linked list is a linear data structure that stores data in nodes. these nodes hold both the data and a reference to the next node in the list. Linked are very efficient at adding and removing nodes because of their simple structure." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is the difference between array and linked list?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "There are some following differences between them:Arrays are data structures containing similar data elements, whereas linked lists are non-primitive data structures containing unordered linked elements.In an array, elements are indexed, but in a linked list nodes are not indexed.Accessing an element array is fast if we know the position of an element in the array, while in the Linked list it takes linear time so, the Linked list is quite bit slower.Operations like insertion and deletion in arrays take a lot of time. Whereas, the performance of these operations is faster in Linked lists.Arrays are of fixed size and their size is static but Linked lists are dynamic and flexible and can expand and shrink their size. " } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Why is a linked list preferred over an array?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Following are the reason that linked lists are preferred over arrayNodes in a linked array, insertions, and deletions can be done at any point in the list at a constant time.Arrays are of fixed size and their size is static but Linked lists are dynamic and flexible and can expand and shrink their size.Linked lists provide an efficient way of storing related data and performing basic operations such as insertion, deletion, and updating of information at the cost of extra space required for storing the address.Insertion and deletion operations in the linked list are faster as compared to the array. " } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Which is the best array or linked list?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "There are some advantages and disadvantages to both arrays and linked lists when it comes to storing linear data of similar types.Advantages of linked list over arrays:Dynamic size:  Linked lists are dynamic and flexible and can expand and shrink their sizeEase of Insertion/Deletion: Insertion and deletion operations in linked list are faster as compared to the arrayDisadvantages of linked list over arrays:If the array is sorted we can apply binary search to search any element which takes O(log(n)) time. But even if the linked list is sorted we cannot apply binary search and the complexity of searching elements in the linked list is O(n).A linked list takes more memory as compared to the array because extra memory space is required for the pointer with each element in the linked list." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What are the limitations of linked list?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Following are some limitations of the linked list:The use of pointers is more in linked lists hence, complex and requires more memory.Random access is not possible due to dynamic memory allocation.Traversing is more time-consuming and reverse traversing is not possible in singly linked lists.Searching for an element is costly and requires O(n) time complexity." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Why insertion/deletion are faster in a linked list?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "If any element is inserted/ deleted from the array, all the other elements after it will be shifted in memory this takes a lot of time whereas manipulation in Linked List is faster because we just need to manipulate the addresses of nodes, so no bit shifting is required in memory, and it will not take that much of time." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is the difference between a singly and doubly linked list?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Following are some difference between single and double linked list." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is the difference between a singly and doubly linked list?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "There are many advantages of the linked list compared to array, despite the fact that they solve the similar problem to arrays, we have also discussed the advantage, disadvantages, and its application, and we concluded the fact that we can use a linked list if we need the dynamic size of storage and list are good for adding and removing items quickly or for tasks that require sequence but are not suitable for querying or search elements in a large collection of data." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is the difference between a singly and doubly linked list?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "So, it becomes important that we should always keep in mind the positive and negative aspects of a data structure and how they relate to the problem you are trying to solve." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is the difference between a singly and doubly linked list?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Related articles:" } } ] }</script> <script> var arrPostCat = new Array(); var arrPostCatName="DSA"; arrPostCat.push('6263'); arrPostCat.push('8'); var tIds = "6263,8,8104"; var termsNames = "DSA,LinkedList,DataStructures,DSATutorials"; var tIdsInclusiveParents = "6263,8,8104,2066"; var domain = 1; var arrPost = new Array(); var post_id = "861811"; var post_type = "post"; var post_slug = window.location.href; var ip = 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class="three_dot_dropdown_inner_div" data-gfg-action="like-article" data-bookmark-value="0"> <i class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_thumbs"></i> <span>Like</span> </div> </div>  </div> <div pid="861811" class="article--viewer_share tooltip"> <div class="three_dot_dropdown_div three_dot_dropdown_share" onmouseleave="closeShareModal()" onmouseenter="openShareModal()"> <div style="display: flex;align-items: center;" class="three_dot_dropdown_inner_div" data-gfg-action="share-article" data-bookmark-value="0"> <i class="gfg-share-icon"></i> <span>Share</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article--viewer_report tooltip"> <div class="three_dot_dropdown_div three_dot_dropdown_reportarticle"> <div class="three_dot_dropdown_inner_div" data-gfg-action="report-article" onclick="report_article();"> <i class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_report"></i> <span>Report</span> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="article--viewer_Gnews tooltip"> <a class="three_dot_dropdown_inner_div Gnews_wrapper" href ='https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMLTrzwsw44bnAw?hl=en-IN&gl=IN&ceid=IN%3Aen' target="_blank"> <img class="gfg-icon_Gnews no-zoom-in-cursor" src=https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/Google-news.svg loading="lazy" alt="News"></img> <span class='kebab_menu_news_text'>Follow</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text"> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Linked List</strong></b><span> is basically</span><b><strong> chains of nodes</strong></b><span> where each node contains information such as </span><b><strong>data</strong></b><span> and a </span><b><strong>pointer to the next node</strong></b><span> in the chain. It is a popular data structure with a wide range of real-world applications. Unlike Arrays, Linked List elements are not stored at a contiguous location. In the linked list there is a </span><b><strong>head pointer</strong></b><span>, which points to the first element of the linked list, and if the list is empty then it simply points to null or nothing.</span></p> <p dir="ltr"><span> In this article, we will provide a complete introduction of Linked List, which will help you tackle any problem based on Linked List. </span></p><div id="GFG_AD_gfg_mobile_336x280" style="margin: 5px 0;"></div> <p><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20240410135517/linked-list.webp" width="inherit" height="inherit"></p> <h2 id="basic-terminologies-of-linked-list"><span>Basic Terminologies of Linked List</span></h2> <ul> <li value="1"><b><strong>Head: </strong></b><span>The Head of a linked list is a pointer to the first node or reference of the first node of linked list. This pointer marks the beginning of the linked list. </span></li> <li value="2"><b><strong>Node: </strong></b><span>Linked List consists of a series of nodes where each node has two parts: </span><b><strong>data </strong></b><span>and </span><b><strong>next pointer</strong></b><span>. </span></li> <li value="3"><b><strong>Data:</strong></b><span> Data is the part of node which stores the information in the linked list.</span></li> <li value="4"><b><strong>Next pointer: </strong></b><span>Next pointer is the part of the node which points to the next node of the linked list. </span><b><strong> </strong></b></li> </ul> <h2 id="importance-of-linked-list"><span>Importance of Linked List</span></h2> <p dir="ltr"><span>Here are a few advantages of a linked list that is listed below, it will help you understand why it is necessary to know.</span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><b><strong>Dynamic Data structure:</strong></b><span> The size of memory can be allocated or de-allocated at run time based on the operation insertion or deletion.</span></li> <li value="2"><b><strong>Ease of Insertion/Deletion:</strong></b><span> The insertion and deletion of elements are simpler than arrays since no elements need to be shifted after insertion and deletion, Just the address needed to be updated.</span></li> <li value="3"><b><strong>Efficient Memory Utilization: </strong></b><span>As we know Linked List is a dynamic data structure the size increases or decreases as per the requirement so this avoids the wastage of memory. </span></li> <li value="4"><b><strong>Implementation: </strong></b><span>Various advanced data structures can be implemented using a linked list like a stack, queue, graph, hash maps, etc.</span></li> </ul> <h2><span>Implementations of Basic Operations on Different Types of List</span></h2> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/singly-linked-list-tutorial/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Singly Linked List</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/doubly-linked-list/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Doubly Linked List</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/circular-linked-list/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Circular Linked List</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span>Basic Operations on Singly Linked List</span></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>The following are some basic operations performed on a Single Linked List:</span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><b><strong>Insertion: </strong></b><span>The insertion operation can be performed in three ways. They are as follows:</span> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/linked-list-set-2-inserting-a-node/#:~:text=Add%20a%20node%20at%20the%20front%3A" rel="noopener"><span>Inserting At the Beginning of the list</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/linked-list-set-2-inserting-a-node/#:~:text=Add%20a%20node%20at%20the%20end" rel="noopener"><span>Inserting At End of the list</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/linked-list-set-2-inserting-a-node/#:~:text=Add%20a%20node%20after%20a%20given%20node" rel="noopener"><span>Inserting At Specific location in the list</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li value="2"><b><strong>Deletion: </strong></b><span>The deletion operation can be performed in three ways. They are as follows:</span> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/linked-list-set-3-deleting-node/?ref=lbp#:~:text=Delete%20from%20Beginning,head%20%3D%20head%2D%3Enext" rel="noopener"><span>Deleting from the Beginning of the list</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/delete-nth-node-from-the-end-of-the-given-linked-list/" rel="noopener"><span>Deleting from the End of the list</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/delete-a-linked-list-node-at-a-given-position/" rel="noopener"><span>Deleting a Specific Node</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/traversal-of-singly-linked-list/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Traverse</strong></b></a><b><strong>: </strong></b><span>This process displays the elements of a Single-linked list.</span></li> <li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/search-an-element-in-a-linked-list-iterative-and-recursive/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Search:</strong></b></a><b><strong> </strong></b><span>It is a process of determining and retrieving a specific node either from the front, the end or anywhere in the list.</span></li> </ul> <h3><b><strong>Operations on Doubly Linked List:</strong></b></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>In a doubly linked list, we perform the following operations…</span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><b><strong>Insertion:</strong></b><span> The insertion operation can be performed in three ways as follows:</span> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/doubly-linked-list/#:~:text=Add%20a%20node%20at%20the%20front" rel="noopener"><span>Inserting At the Beginning of the list</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/doubly-linked-list/#:~:text=Add%20a%20node%20after%20a%20given%20node." rel="noopener"><span>Inserting after a given node.</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/doubly-linked-list/#:~:text=Add%20a%20node%20at%20the%20end" rel="noopener"><span>Inserting at the end</span></a><span>.</span></li> <li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/doubly-linked-list/#:~:text=Add%20a%20node%20before%20a%20given%20node" rel="noopener"><span>Inserting before a given node</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li value="2"><b><strong>Deletion: </strong></b><span>The deletion operation can be performed in three ways as follows…</span> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/delete-doubly-linked-list-node-given-position/" rel="noopener"><span>Deleting from the Beginning of the list</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/delete-a-node-in-a-doubly-linked-list/" rel="noopener"><span>Deleting from the End of the list</span></a></li> <li value="3"><span>Deleting a Specific Node</span></li> </ul> </li> <li value="3"><b><strong>Display: </strong></b><span>This process displays the elements of a double-linked list.</span></li> </ul> <h3><b><strong>Commonly used operations on Circular Linked List:</strong></b></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>The following operations are performed on a Circular Linked List</span></p><div id="GFG_AD_Desktop_InContent_ATF_336x280" style="text-align:center; max-height: 280px;"></div><div id="GFG_AD_gfg_mobile_336x280_1" style="margin: 5px 0;"></div> <ul> <li value="1"><b><strong>Insertion: </strong></b><span>The insertion operation can be performed in three ways:</span> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/circular-singly-linked-list-insertion/#:~:text=Insertion%20in%20an%20empty%20List%C2%A0" rel="noopener"><span>Insertion in an empty list</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/circular-singly-linked-list-insertion/#:~:text=Insertion%20at%20the%20beginning%20of%20the%20list%C2%A0" rel="noopener"><span>Insertion at the beginning of the list </span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/circular-singly-linked-list-insertion/#:~:text=Insertion%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20list%C2%A0" rel="noopener"><span>Insertion at the end of the list </span></a></li> <li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/circular-singly-linked-list-insertion/#:~:text=Insertion%20in%20between%20the%20nodes%C2%A0" rel="noopener"><span>Insertion in between the nodes </span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li value="2"><b><strong>Deletion: </strong></b><span>The deletion operation can be performed in three ways:</span> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deletion-at-different-positions-in-a-circular-linked-list/" rel="noopener"><span>Deleting from the Beginning of the list</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deletion-at-different-positions-in-a-circular-linked-list/" rel="noopener"><span>Deleting from the End of the list</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deletion-at-different-positions-in-a-circular-linked-list/" rel="noopener"><span>Deleting a Specific Node</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li value="3"><b><strong>Display:</strong></b><span> This process displays the elements of a Circular linked list.</span></li> </ul> <h2 id="linked-list-vs-array"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/linked-list-vs-array/" rel="noopener"><u><span class="GFGEditorTheme__textUnderline">Linked List vs. Array:</span></u></a></h2> <table> <thead> <tr> <th> <p dir="ltr"><span>Array</span></p> </th> <th> <p dir="ltr"><span>Linked List</span></p> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>Arrays are stored in contiguous location.</span></p> </td> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>Linked Lists are not stored in contiguous location.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>Fixed size (Dynamic Sized Arrays also internally use fixed sized arrays)</span></p> </td> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>Dynamic Size</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>Only store elements no extra reference / pointer. </span></p> </td> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>It stores both data and address of next node.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>Elements can be accessed easily in O(1) time.</span></p> </td> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>Elements can be access by traversing through all the nodes till we reach the required node.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>Insertion and deletion operation is slower than Linked List.</span></p> </td> <td> <p dir="ltr"><span>Insertion and deletion operation is faster than Array.</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2><span>Time Complexity Analysis of Linked List and Array:</span></h2> <table> <thead> <tr> <th><span>Operation</span></th> <th><span>Linked list</span></th> <th><span>Array</span></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><span>Random Access</span></td> <td><span>O(N)</span></td> <td><span>O(1)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span>Insertion and deletion at beginning</span></td> <td><span>O(1)</span></td> <td><span>O(N)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span>Insertion and deletion at end</span></td> <td><span>O(N) (If we maintain only head)</span></td> <td><span>O(1)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span>Insertion and deletion at a random position</span></td> <td><span>O(N)</span></td> <td><span>O(N)</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p dir="ltr"><span>Please refer </span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/applications-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-linked-list/" rel="noopener"><span>Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages of Linked List </span></a><span> for more details</span></p><div id="_GFG_ABP_Incontent_728x90" style="text-align:center;"></div> <div id="preFaqContent"></div><h2 id="frequently-asked-questions-faqs-about-linked-list"><u><span class="GFGEditorTheme__textUnderline">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Linked List:</span></u></h2> <h3><span>1. What is linked list data structure?</span></h3> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>Linked list are most commonly used to handle dynamic data elements. Linked list consists of nodes and a node consists of two fields one for storing data and other for keeping the reference of next node.</span></p> </blockquote> <h3><span>2. What is linked list example?</span></h3> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>A linked list can be assumed as a garland that is made up of flowers. Similarly, a linked list is made up of nodes. Every flower in this particular garland is referred to as a node. In addition, each node points to the next node in this list, and it contains data (in this case, the type of flower).</span></p> </blockquote> <h3><span>3. Why do we need linked list data structure??</span></h3> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>There are some important advantages to using linked lists over other linear data structures. This is unlike arrays, as they are resizable at runtime. Additionally, they can be easily inserted and deleted.</span></p> </blockquote> <h3><span>4. What are linked lists used for?</span></h3> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>The linked list is a linear data structure that stores data in nodes. these nodes hold both the data and a reference to the next node in the list. Linked are very efficient at adding and removing nodes because of their simple structure.</span></p> </blockquote> <h3><span>5. What is the difference between array and linked list?</span></h3> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>There are some following differences between them:</span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><span>Arrays are data structures containing similar data elements, whereas linked lists are non-primitive data structures containing unordered linked elements.</span></li> <li value="2"><span>In an array, elements are indexed, but in a linked list nodes are not indexed.</span></li> <li value="3"><span>Accessing an element array is fast if we know the position of an element in the array, while in the Linked list it takes linear time so, the Linked list is quite bit slower.</span></li> <li value="4"><span>Operations like insertion and deletion in arrays take a lot of time. Whereas, the performance of these operations is faster in Linked lists.</span></li> <li value="5"><span>Arrays are of fixed size and their size is static but Linked lists are dynamic and flexible and can expand and shrink their size. </span></li> </ul> </blockquote> <h3><span>6. Why is a linked list preferred over an array?</span></h3> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>Following are the reason that linked lists are preferred over array</span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><span>Nodes in a linked array, insertions, and deletions can be done at any point in the list at a constant time.</span></li> <li value="2"><span>Arrays are of fixed size and their size is static but Linked lists are dynamic and flexible and can expand and shrink their size.</span></li> <li value="3"><span>Linked lists provide an efficient way of storing related data and performing basic operations such as insertion, deletion, and updating of information at the cost of extra space required for storing the address.</span></li> <li value="4"><span>Insertion and deletion operations in the linked list are faster as compared to the array. </span></li> </ul> </blockquote> <h3><span>7. Which is the best array or linked list?</span></h3> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>There are some advantages and disadvantages to both arrays and linked lists when it comes to storing linear data of similar types.</span></p> <h4><span>Advantages of linked list over arrays:</span></h4> <ul> <li value="1"><b><strong>Dynamic size:</strong></b><span>  Linked lists are dynamic and flexible and can expand and shrink their size</span></li> <li value="2"><b><strong>Ease of Insertion/Deletion:</strong></b><span> Insertion and deletion operations in linked list are faster as compared to the array</span></li> </ul> <h4><b><strong>Disadvantages of linked list over arrays:</strong></b></h4> <ul> <li value="1"><span>If the array is sorted we can apply binary search to search any element which takes </span><b><strong>O(log(n))</strong></b><span> time. But even if the linked list is sorted we cannot apply binary search and the complexity of searching elements in the linked list is </span><b><strong>O(n)</strong></b><span>.</span></li> <li value="2"><span>A linked list takes more memory as compared to the array because extra memory space is required for the pointer with each element in the linked list.</span></li> </ul> </blockquote> <h3><span>8. What are the limitations of linked list?</span></h3> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>Following are some limitations of the linked list:</span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><span>The use of pointers is more in linked lists hence, complex and requires more memory.</span></li> <li value="2"><span>Random access is not possible due to dynamic memory allocation.</span></li> <li value="3"><span>Traversing is more time-consuming and reverse traversing is not possible in singly linked lists.</span></li> <li value="4"><span>Searching for an element is costly and requires </span><b><strong>O(n)</strong></b><span> time complexity.</span></li> </ul> </blockquote> <h3><span>9. Why insertion/deletion are faster in a linked list?</span></h3> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>If any element is inserted/ deleted from the array, all the other elements after it will be shifted in memory this takes a lot of time whereas manipulation in Linked List is faster because we just need to manipulate the addresses of nodes, so no bit shifting is required in memory, and it will not take that much of time.</span></p> </blockquote> <h3><span>10. What is the difference between a singly and doubly linked list?</span></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>Following are some </span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-singly-linked-list-and-doubly-linked-list/" rel="noopener"><span>difference between single and double linked list.</span></a></p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th><span>Singly-linked list (SLL)</span></th> <th><span>Doubly linked list (DLL)</span></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><span>SLL nodes contains 2 field data field and next link field.</span></td> <td><span>DLL nodes contains 3 fields data field, a previous link field and a next link field.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span>In SLL, the traversal can be done using the next node link only. Thus traversal is possible in one direction only.</span></td> <td><span>In DLL, the traversal can be done using the previous node link or the next node link. Thus traversal is possible in both directions (forward and backward).</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span>The SLL occupies less memory than DLL as it has only 2 fields.</span></td> <td><span>The DLL occupies more memory than SLL as it has 3 fields.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span>The Complexity of insertion and deletion at a given position is O(n). </span></td> <td><span>The Complexity of insertion and deletion at a given position is O(n / 2) = O(n) because traversal can be made from start or from the end.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span>Complexity of deletion with a given node is O(n), because the previous node needs to be known, and traversal takes O(n)</span></td> <td><span>Complexity of deletion with a given node is O(1) because the previous node can be accessed easily </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span>A singly linked list consumes less memory as compared to the doubly linked list.</span></td> <td><span>The doubly linked list consumes more memory as compared to the singly linked list.</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="conclusion"><span>Conclusion:</span></h2> <p dir="ltr"><span>There are many advantages of the linked list compared to array, despite the fact that they solve the similar problem to arrays, we have also discussed the advantage, disadvantages, and its application, and we concluded the fact that we can use a linked list if we need the dynamic size of storage and list are good for adding and removing items quickly or for tasks that require sequence but are not suitable for querying or search elements in a large collection of data.</span></p> <p dir="ltr"><span>So, it becomes important that we should always keep in mind the </span><b><strong>positive </strong></b><span>and </span><b><strong>negative </strong></b><span>aspects of a </span><b><strong>data structure</strong></b><span> and how they relate to the problem you are trying to solve.</span></p> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Related articles:</strong></b></p> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/top-20-linked-list-interview-question/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Top 50 Problems on Linked List Data Structure asked in SDE Interviews</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-linked-list/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Understanding the basics of Linked List</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sde-sheet-a-complete-guide-for-sde-preparation/" rel="noopener"><span>SDE SHEET – A Complete Guide for SDE Preparation</span></a></li> <li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/amazon-sde-sheet-a-guide-for-amazon-sde-interview-preparation/" rel="noopener"><span>Amazon SDE Sheet – A Guide for Amazon SDE Interview Preparation</span></a></li> <li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/google-interview-preparation-for-software-engineer-a-complete-guide/" rel="noopener"><span>Google Interview Preparation For Software Engineer – A Complete Guide</span></a></li> <li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/100-days-of-code-a-complete-guide-for-beginners-and-experienced/" rel="noopener"><span>100 Days of Code – A Complete Guide For Beginners and Experienced</span></a></li> </ul> <br/><div id="AP_G4GR_6"></div>  <div class='article_bottom_text'></div><br> <div id="video-tab-content" class="video-tab-content"> <div style="text-align: center; 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In simple words, a linked list consists of nodes where each node contains a data field and a reference(link) to the next node in the</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/singly-linked-list-tutorial/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Singly Linked List Tutorial </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">A singly linked list is a fundamental data structure, it consists of nodes where each node contains a data field and a reference to the next node in the linked list. The next of the last node is null, indicating the end of the list. Linked Lists support efficient insertion and deletion operations. U</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">8 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/doubly-linked-list/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Doubly Linked List Tutorial </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">A doubly linked list is a more complex data structure than a singly linked list, but it offers several advantages. The main advantage of a doubly linked list is that it allows for efficient traversal of the list in both directions. This is because each node in the list contains a pointer to the prev</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">9 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/circular-linked-list/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Introduction to Circular Linked List </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">A circular linked list is a data structure where the last node connects back to the first, forming a loop. This structure allows for continuous traversal without any interruptions. Circular linked lists are especially helpful for tasks like scheduling and managing playlists, allowing for smooth navi</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li></ul></div><div class="leftbar-dropdown"><h2 class="dropdown-title">Basic Operations on Linked List<span class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_arrow-down-thin"></span></h2><ul style="display: none;"><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/insertion-in-linked-list/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Insertion in Linked List </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Insertion in a linked list involves adding a new node at a specified position in the list. There are several types of insertion based on the position where the new node is to be added: At the front of the linked list Before a given node.After a given node.At a specific position.At the end of the lin</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">4 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/search-an-element-in-a-linked-list-iterative-and-recursive/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Search an element in a Linked List (Iterative and Recursive) </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a linked list and a key, the task is to check if key is present in the linked list or not. Examples: Input: 14 -> 21 -> 11 -> 30 -> 10, key = 14Output: YesExplanation: 14 is present in the linked list. Input: 6 -> 21 -> 17 -> 30 -> 10 -> 8, key = 13Output: NoExplanat</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">13 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-length-of-a-linked-list-iterative-and-recursive/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Find Length of a Linked List (Iterative and Recursive) </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a Singly Linked List, the task is to find the Length of the Linked List. Examples: Input: LinkedList = 1->3->1->2->1Output: 5Explanation: The linked list has 5 nodes. Input: LinkedList = 2->4->1->9->5->3->6Output: 7 Explanation: The linked list has 7 nodes. Input:</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">11 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reverse-a-linked-list/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Reverse a Linked List </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a linked list, the task is to reverse the linked list by changing the links between nodes. Examples: Input: head: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> NULLOutput: head: 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> NULLExplanation: Reversed Linked List: Input: head: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> NULLOu</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15+ min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deletion-in-linked-list/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Deletion in Linked List </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Deleting a node in a Linked List is an important operation and can be done in three main ways: removing the first node, removing a node in the middle, or removing the last node. In this article, we will explore deletion operation on Linked List for all the above scenarios. Types of Deletion in Linke</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">3 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/delete-a-linked-list-node-at-a-given-position/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Delete a Linked List node at a given position </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a singly linked list and a position (1-based indexing), the task is to delete a linked list node at the given position. Note: Position will be valid (i.e, 1 <= position <= linked list length) Example: Input: position = 2, Linked List = 8->2->3->1->7Output: Linked List = 8-</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">8 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-function-to-delete-a-linked-list/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Write a function to delete a Linked List </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a linked list, the task is to delete the linked list completely. Examples: Input: head: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> NULLOutput: NULLExplanation: Linked List is Deleted.Input: head: 1 -> 12 -> 1 -> 4 -> 1 -> NULLOutput: NULLExplanation: Linked List is Deleted. Table o</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">9 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-function-to-get-nth-node-in-a-linked-list/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Write a function to get Nth node in a Linked List </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a LinkedList and an index (1-based). The task is to find the data value stored in the node at that kth position. If no such node exists whose index is k then return -1. Example:Â  Input: 1->10->30->14, index = 2Output: 10Explanation: The node value at index 2 is 10 Input: 1->32-></div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">11 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/nth-node-from-the-end-of-a-linked-list/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Program for Nth node from the end of a Linked List </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">Given a Linked List of M nodes and a number N, find the value at the Nth node from the end of the Linked List. If there is no Nth node from the end, print -1. Examples: Input: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4, N = 3Output: 2Explanation: Node 2 is the third node from the end of the linked list. Input: 35 -</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">15 min read</span> </div> </a><hr style="background:var(--gfg-selected-color); width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"></li></ul></div><li class="similarReadDropdownItem"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/top-50-linked-list-interview-question/?ref=lbp"><div class="gfg-similar-read-item-content"> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-heading">Top 50 Problems on Linked List Data Structure asked in SDE Interviews </div> <div class="gfg-similar-read-item-subheading">A Linked List is a linear data structure that looks like a chain of nodes, where each node is a different element. Unlike Arrays, Linked List elements are not stored at a contiguous location. Here is the collection of the Top 50 list of frequently asked interview questions on Linked Lists. Problems</div> </div> <div class="reading-time"> <i class="reading-time-icon" data-gfg-action="readingtime"></i> <span style="color: var(--recommendation-card-text-color);font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 17px;">3 min read</span> </div> </a></li></div></ul> </div> </div> <div class="vote-wrap"> <div style="display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:100%;"> <button aria-label="like" data-type="like" class="vote-this" style="margin-right: 0; margin-left:0 ;"> <i class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_like favoriteIcon"></i> <span class="favoriteLike">Like</span> <figure class="favoriteText"></figure> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-meta"> <div class="bottom-wrap"> <div id="GFG_AD_InContent_Desktop_BTF_650x250" style="text-align:center;max-height: 300px;"></div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="report_modal_content" class="report_modal_content" style="display:hidden;"></div> <div class="onopen-discussion-panel"> <div class="discussion-tab"> <div class="discussion_heading"> <div></div> <i class="gfg-icon close-tab-icon"></i> </div> <div class="discussion_content"> <div style="height:100%"> <div style="height:100%" id="comment-system"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="rightBar" style="padding-right: 5px;"> <style> .article--container_content{ align-items: unset !important; 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left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); z-index: 1026; width: min(650px, calc(100% - 20px)); } .link-container-write{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; } .link-container-write > a { margin:7px 0px; } .phrase__container{ color:var(--color-gfg); border-radius: 6px; width: 100%; background-color:var(--write-redirect-container); padding: 15px; text-align: justify; font-size:14px; } .phrase__container:hover { color:var(--color-gfg) !important; background-color:var(--write-redirect-container-hover); } </style> <div class="popup-container"> <div id="popup" accesskey="" class="popup-main"> <div class="popup-heading"> <h2>What kind of Experience do you want to share?</h2> <div class="close-icon share-experience-modal-close"></div> </div>  <div class="experience-card"> <a class="exp-card5" href= "https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=e8fc46fe-75e7-4a4b-be3c-0c862d655ed0" target="_blank"> <div class="icon5"> <div class="icon5-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card5-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Interview Experiences</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card1" href="https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=82536bdb-84e6-4661-87c3-e77c3ac04ede" target="_blank"> <div class="icon1"> <div class="icon1-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card1-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Admission Experiences</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card6" href= "https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=5219b0b2-7671-40a0-9bda-503e28a61c31" target="_blank"> <div class="icon6"> <div class="icon6-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card6-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Career Journeys</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card2" href="https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=22ae3354-15b6-4dd4-a5b4-5c7a105b8a8f" target="_blank"> <div class="icon2"> <div class="icon2-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card2-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Work Experiences</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card3" href= "https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=c5e1ac90-9490-440a-a5fa-6180c87ab8ae" target="_blank"> <div class="icon3"> <div class="icon3-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card3-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Campus Experiences</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card4" href= "https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=5ebb8fe9-b980-4891-af07-f2d62a9735f2" target="_blank"> <div class="icon4"> <div class="icon4-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card4-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Competitive Exam Experiences</span> </div> </a> </div>  </div> <div id="overlay" onclick="toggleExperiencePopup()" style="display: block;min-height: 100vh;min-width: 100vw;position: fixed;top: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;left: 0;display: none;justify-content: center;align-items: center;background: rgba(0,0,0,.702);z-index: 1025 !important;backdrop-filter: blur(4px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px);word-break: keep-all;"></div> </div> <script> $('.share-experience-modal').click(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); var link = $(this).attr('href'); toggleExperiencePopup(link); }); function toggleExperiencePopup(link) { var popup = document.getElementById("popup"); var overlay = document.getElementById("overlay"); if (window.innerWidth < 992) { window.location.href = link; } else { popup.style.display = (popup.style.display === "block") ? "none" : "block"; overlay.style.display = (overlay.style.display === "block") ? "none" : "block"; } } $('.share-experience-modal-close').click(function(e){ var popup = document.getElementById("popup"); popup.style.display = 'none'; var overlay = document.getElementById("overlay"); overlay.style.display = 'none'; }); </script> </div> </body> </html>

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