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mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Gambut" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Gambut" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Taburan_geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taburan_geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Taburan geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taburan_geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembentukan_gambut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembentukan_gambut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pembentukan gambut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembentukan_gambut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gambut_sebagai_sumber_tenaga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gambut_sebagai_sumber_tenaga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gambut sebagai sumber tenaga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gambut_sebagai_sumber_tenaga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gambut</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 84 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veen" title="Veen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Veen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AB" title="خث – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turba" title="Turba – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambut" title="Gambut – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gambut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9F" title="পীট – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পীট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambut" title="Gambut – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gambut" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treset" title="Treset – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Treset" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taouarc%27h" title="Taouarc'h – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taouarc'h" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torba" title="Torba – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Torba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1elina" title="Rašelina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rašelina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawn" title="Mawn – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mawn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B8rv" title="Tørv – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tørv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turvas" title="Turvas – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turvas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%86%CE%B7" title="Τύρφη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τύρφη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat" title="Peat – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Peat" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Наргедь – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Наргедь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turba" title="Turba – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torfo" title="Torfo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Torfo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zohikatz" title="Zohikatz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zohikatz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87" title="پوده – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourbe" title="Tourbe – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tourbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turf_(br%C3%A2nstof)" title="Turf (brânstof) – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turf (brânstof)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3in" title="Móin – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Móin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2ine" title="Mòine – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mòine" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turba" title="Turba – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%84" title="이탄 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%86" title="Տորֆ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տորֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F" title="पीट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treset" title="Treset – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Treset" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torfo" title="Torfo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Torfo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3r" title="Mór – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mór" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torba" title="Torba – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Torba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="כבול – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტორფი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტორფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Шымтезек – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шымтезек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BA%D3%A9%D2%A3" title="Чымкөң – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чымкөң" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfa" title="Turfa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turfa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%ABdra" title="Kūdra – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kūdra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durp%C4%97s" title="Durpės – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Durpės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rf" title="Törf – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Törf" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%91zeg" title="Tőzeg – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tőzeg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fompotra" title="Fompotra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fompotra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കാണ്ടാമരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാണ്ടാമരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turf_(brandstof)" title="Turf (brandstof) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turf (brandstof)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rf" title="Törf – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Törf" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" title="泥炭 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="泥炭" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torv" title="Torv – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Torv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torv" title="Torv – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Torv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torba" title="Torba – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Torba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troube" title="Troube – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Troube" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfa" title="Turfa – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turfa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turb%C4%83" title="Turbă – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turbă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat" title="Peat – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Peat" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat" title="Peat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Peat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1elina" title="Rašelina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rašelina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ota" title="Šota – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тресет – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тресет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treset" title="Treset – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Treset" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turve" title="Turve – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turve" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torv" title="Torv – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Torv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="முற்றா நிலக்கரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முற்றா நிலக்கரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95" title="พีต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พีต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Than_b%C3%B9n" title="Than bùn – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Than bùn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7" title="دلدلی کوئلا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دلدلی کوئلا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troufe" title="Troufe – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Troufe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" title="泥炭 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泥炭" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A3" title="טארף – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טארף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%85%A4" title="泥煤 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泥煤" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torp%C4%97" title="Torpė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torpė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" title="泥炭 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泥炭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184624#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gambut" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Gambut&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gambut"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gambut"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Gambut" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Gambut" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&oldid=5227699" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Gambut&id=5227699&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGambut"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGambut"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gambut"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gambut&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Peat" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184624" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Mohos_Peat_Bog_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mohos_Peat_Bog_1.jpg/350px-Mohos_Peat_Bog_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mohos_Peat_Bog_1.jpg/525px-Mohos_Peat_Bog_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mohos_Peat_Bog_1.jpg/700px-Mohos_Peat_Bog_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><i>Bog</i>, tanah bergambut di <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Peat_gatherers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Peat_gatherers.JPG/220px-Peat_gatherers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Peat_gatherers.JPG/330px-Peat_gatherers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Peat_gatherers.JPG/440px-Peat_gatherers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2183" data-file-height="1855" /></a><figcaption>Pengumpul gambut di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westhay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westhay (laman tidak wujud)">Westhay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somerset_Levels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somerset Levels (laman tidak wujud)">Somerset Levels</a> pada tahun 1905</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Peat_stacks_and_cutting.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peat_stacks_and_cutting.JPG/220px-Peat_stacks_and_cutting.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peat_stacks_and_cutting.JPG/330px-Peat_stacks_and_cutting.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peat_stacks_and_cutting.JPG/440px-Peat_stacks_and_cutting.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2348" data-file-height="1624" /></a><figcaption>Susunan dan pemotongan tanah gambut di Westhay, Somerset Levels</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Harvesting_the_peat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Harvesting_the_peat.JPG/220px-Harvesting_the_peat.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Harvesting_the_peat.JPG/330px-Harvesting_the_peat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Harvesting_the_peat.JPG/440px-Harvesting_the_peat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2338" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption>Penuaian gambut di Westhay, Somerset Levels</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Peat_Lewis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Peat_Lewis.jpg/220px-Peat_Lewis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Peat_Lewis.jpg/330px-Peat_Lewis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Peat_Lewis.jpg/440px-Peat_Lewis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Tanah gambut di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis (laman tidak wujud)">Lewis</a>, Scotland</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gambut</b> adalah jenis <a href="/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah">tanah</a> yang terbentuk dari pengumpulan sisa-sisa <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan">tumbuhan</a> yang separuh <a href="/wiki/Penguraian" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguraian">terurai</a>; maka, kandungan <a href="/wiki/Bahan_organik" title="Bahan organik">bahan organiknya</a> tinggi<sup id="cite_ref-anwar_245_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anwar_245-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tanah yang terutama terbentuk di <a href="/wiki/Tanah_lembap" title="Tanah lembap">tanah lembap</a> ini disebut dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a> sebagai <i><b>peat</b></i>; dan tanah-tanah bergambut di pelbagai belahan dunia dikenali dengan aneka nama seperti paya, <i>bog</i>, <i>moor</i>, <i>muskeg</i>, <i>pocosin</i>, <i>mire</i>, dan lain-lain. Istilah <i>gambut</i> sendiri diserap dari bahasa masyarakat <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Banjar" title="Bahasa Banjar">Banjar</a>. </p><p>Sebagai bahan organik, tanah gambut boleh dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber <a href="/wiki/Tenaga" title="Tenaga">tenaga</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Bahan_api" title="Bahan api">bahan api</a>. Isipadu gambut di seluruh dunia dianggarkan sejumlah 4 trilion <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a>³, yang meliputi kawasan sebesar lebih kurang 3 juta <a href="/wiki/Kilometer" title="Kilometer">km</a>² atau kira-kira 2% keluasan daratan di dunia, dan mengandung potensi tenaga kira-kira 8 bilion tera<a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taburan_geografi">Taburan geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Taburan geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Taburan geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deposit gambut tersebar di banyak tempat di dunia, terutama di <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belarusia (laman tidak wujud)">Belarusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> utara, <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, dan di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Utara" title="Amerika Utara">Amerika Utara</a>, khususnya di <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everglades" title="Everglades">Everglades</a> di <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, dan di delta Sungai Sacramento-San Joaquin di <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. Kandungan gambut di hemisfera selatan adalah sedikit kerana kekurangan tanahnya; namun gambut boleh dijumpai di <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerguelen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerguelen (laman tidak wujud)">Kerguelen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a> selatan/<a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Falkland" title="Kepulauan Falkland">Kepulauan Falkland</a>. </p><p>Kira-kira 60% <a href="/wiki/Tanah_lembap" title="Tanah lembap">tanah lembap</a> di dunia adalah gambut; dan sekitar 7% daripada tanah-tanah gambut itu telah dibuka dan dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan <a href="/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kehutanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kehutanan">kehutanan</a>. Manakala jika keadaannya sesuai, gambut boleh berubah menjadi sejenis <a href="/wiki/Arang_batu" title="Arang batu">arang batu</a> setelah melalui tempoh masa geologi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembentukan_gambut">Pembentukan gambut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Pembentukan gambut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pembentukan gambut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Torfabbau-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Torfabbau-.jpg/250px-Torfabbau-.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Torfabbau-.jpg/375px-Torfabbau-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Torfabbau-.jpg/500px-Torfabbau-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>Penuaian tanah gambut di Frisia Timur, <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Gambut terbentuk apabila bahagian-bahagian tumbuhan yang luruh terjejas pereputannya, biasanya di tanah-tanah <a href="/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa">paya</a>, kerana kadar <a href="/wiki/Asid" title="Asid">keasidan</a> yang tinggi atau keadaan <a href="/wiki/Anaerob" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaerob">anaerob</a> di perairan tempatan. Tidak menghairankan jika sebahagian besar tanah gambut tersusun daripada serpih dan kepingan sisa tumbuhan, <a href="/wiki/Daun" title="Daun">daun</a>, ranting, malah kayu-kayu besar, yang belum sepenuhnya mereput. Kadang kala ditemui juga, kerana ketiadaan oksigen bersifat menghalang <a href="/wiki/Penguraian" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguraian">penguraian</a>, sisa-sisa bangkai <a href="/wiki/Binatang" title="Binatang">binatang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga">serangga</a> yang turut terawet di dalam lapisan-lapisan gambut. </p><p>Lazimnya di dunia, dirujuk sebagai gambut apabila kandungan bahan organik dalam tanah melebihi 30%; akan tetapi <a href="/wiki/Hutan_paya_gambut" title="Hutan paya gambut">hutan-hutan paya gambut</a> di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a> umumnya mempunyai kandungan melebihi 65% dan kedalamannya melebihi 50<a href="/wiki/Sentimeter" title="Sentimeter">cm</a>. Tanah dengan kandungan bahan organik antara 35–65% juga biasa dikenali sebagai <i>muck</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-anwar_245_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anwar_245-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pertambahan lapisan-lapisan gambut dan tahap pereputan bergantung pada komposisi gambut dan keamatan penggenangan. Gambut yang terbentuk pada keadaan yang teramat basah akan kurang terurai, dan dengan demikian pengumpulan cepat, berbanding dengan gambut yang terbentuk di tanah-tanah yang lebih kering. Sifat-sifat ini memungkinkan para <a href="/wiki/Klimatologi" title="Klimatologi">klimatologi</a> menggunakan tanah gambut sebagai penunjuk perubahan iklim pada masa lampau. Demikian juga, melalui analisis terhadap komposisi gambut, khususnya jenis dan jumlah penyusunan bahan organiknya, para ahli <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologi</a> dapat membina gambaran <a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">ekologi</a> pada zaman purba. </p><p>Dalam keadaan yang tepat, gambut juga merupakan tahap awal pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Arang_batu" title="Arang batu">arang batu</a>. Gambut <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bog (laman tidak wujud)">bog</a></i> yang terkini, terbentuk di kawasan <a href="/wiki/Latitud" title="Latitud">latitud</a> tinggi pada akhir <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Ais">Zaman Ais</a> terakhir, kira-kira 9,000 tahun yang silam. Gambut ini masih terus bertambah ketebalannya dengan kadar kira-kira berapa <a href="/wiki/Milimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Milimeter">milimeter</a> setahun. Namun gambut dunia dipercayai mula terbentuk tidak kurang daripada 360 juta tahun lalu; dan kini menyimpan kira-kira 550 <a href="/wiki/Gigatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigatan">Gt</a> <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gambut_sebagai_sumber_tenaga">Gambut sebagai sumber tenaga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Gambut sebagai sumber tenaga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Gambut sebagai sumber tenaga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gambut adalah lembut dan mudah ditekan. Apabila ditekan, kandungan air dalam tanah gambut boleh dipaksa keluar. Apabila dikeringkan, gambut boleh digunakan sebagai bahan api sumber tenaga. Gambut adalah bahan api penting di negara di mana pokok jarang tumbuh seperti Ireland dan Scotland, secara tradisional gambut digunakan untuk memasak dan pemanas rumah. Secara moden, gambut dituai dalam skala industri dan dipakai untuk bahan api penjanaan elektrik. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loji_elektrik_kuasa_gambut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loji elektrik kuasa gambut (laman tidak wujud)">Loji elektrik kuasa gambut</a> terbesar terdapat di Finland (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stesen_Janakuasa_Toppila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stesen Janakuasa Toppila (laman tidak wujud)">Stesen Janakuasa Toppila</a>) sebesar 190 <a href="/wiki/MW" class="mw-redirect" title="MW">MW</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_lembap" title="Tanah lembap">Tanah lembap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_paya_gambut" title="Hutan paya gambut">Hutan paya gambut</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-anwar_245-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anwar_245_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anwar_245_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anwar, J., S.J. Damanik, N. Hisyam, A.J.Whitten. 1984. <i>Ekologi Ekosistem Sumatra.</i> Gadjah Mada Univ. Press. Jogyakarta. Hal 245-251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Energy_Council2007" class="citation web cs1">World Energy Council (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080910214607/http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/ser2007_executive_summary.pdf">"Survey of Energy Resources 2007"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/ser2007_executive_summary.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> pada 2008-09-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2008-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Survey+of+Energy+Resources+2007&rft.date=2007&rft.au=World+Energy+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldenergy.org%2Fdocuments%2Fser2007_executive_summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGambut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Mire_Conservation_Group2007" class="citation web cs1">International Mire Conservation Group (2007-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610155639/http://www.imcg.net/docum/peatrenewable.pdf">"Peat should not be treated as a renewable energy source"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imcg.net/docum/peatrenewable.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> pada 2007-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2007-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peat+should+not+be+treated+as+a+renewable+energy+source&rft.date=2007-01-03&rft.au=International+Mire+Conservation+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imcg.net%2Fdocum%2Fpeatrenewable.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGambut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.industcards.com/st-other-finland.htm">http://www.industcards.com/st-other-finland.htm</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambut&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Peat?uselang=ms">Gambut</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Cari <i><b><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/Khas:Gelintar/Gambut" class="extiw" title="wikt:Khas:Gelintar/Gambut">Gambut</a></b></i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary">Wikikamus</a> bahasa Melayu, kamus bebas.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peatsociety.org">International Peat Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imcg.net">International Mire Conservation Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/ksheets/peat.html"><i>Gardening without peat</i></a>, info dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebun_Raya_Kew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebun Raya Kew (laman tidak wujud)">Kebun Raya Kew</a> di London</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rspb.org.uk/gardens/whatyoucando/peat/index.asp"><i>Peat-free gardens</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090527101630/http://www.rspb.org.uk/gardens/whatyoucando/peat/index.asp">Diarkibkan</a> 2009-05-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=RSPB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RSPB (laman tidak wujud)">RSPB</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6613"><i>Massive peat burn is speeding climate change</i></a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Scientist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Scientist (laman tidak wujud)">New Scientist</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ie/infocutbogtypesfs.html"><i>Cutover and Cutaway bogs</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060602010303/http://www.ipcc.ie/infocutbogtypesfs.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2006-06-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> dari IPCC</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kingclasstorf.com">King Class Torf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080721051450/http://www.kingclasstorf.com/">Diarkibkan</a> 2008-07-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> di Turki</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gambut&oldid=5227699">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gambut&oldid=5227699</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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