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title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img 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class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Nitroverbindings" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Nitroverbindings" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Nitroverbindings" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Nitroverbindings" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Voorkoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorkoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Voorkoms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voorkoms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Voorkoms subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voorkoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_die_natuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_die_natuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>In die natuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_die_natuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_farmaseutiese_middels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_farmaseutiese_middels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>In farmaseutiese middels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_farmaseutiese_middels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sintese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sintese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sintese</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sintese-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Sintese subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sintese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bereiding_van_aromatiese_nitroverbindings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bereiding_van_aromatiese_nitroverbindings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bereiding van aromatiese nitroverbindings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bereiding_van_aromatiese_nitroverbindings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bereiding_van_alifatiese_nitroverbindings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bereiding_van_alifatiese_nitroverbindings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bereiding van alifatiese nitroverbindings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bereiding_van_alifatiese_nitroverbindings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaksies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reaksies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reaksies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Reaksies subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reaksies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reduksie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduksie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reduksie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduksie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suur-basis_reaksies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suur-basis_reaksies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Suur-basis reaksies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suur-basis_reaksies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kondensasie_reaksies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kondensasie_reaksies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kondensasie reaksies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kondensasie_reaksies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biochemiese_reaksies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biochemiese_reaksies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Biochemiese reaksies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biochemiese_reaksies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaksies_van_aromatiese_nitroverbindings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksies_van_aromatiese_nitroverbindings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Reaksies van aromatiese nitroverbindings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaksies_van_aromatiese_nitroverbindings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontploffings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontploffings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Ontploffings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontploffings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitroverbindings</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 36 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8_%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مركب نترو – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مركب نترو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrobirl%C9%99%C5%9Fm%C9%99l%C9%99r" title="Nitrobirləşmələr – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nitrobirləşmələr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroslou%C4%8Deniny" title="Nitrosloučeniny – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nitrosloučeniny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroforbindelse" title="Nitroforbindelse – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nitroforbindelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroverbindungen" title="Nitroverbindungen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nitroverbindungen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Νιτροενώσεις – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νιτροενώσεις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nitro compound" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroderivado" title="Nitroderivado – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nitroderivado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroeratorri" title="Nitroeratorri – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nitroeratorri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ترکیبات نیترو – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکیبات نیترو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro_(chimie)" title="Nitro (chimie) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nitro (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composto_nitro" title="Composto nitro – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Composto nitro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="नाइट्रो यौगिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाइट्रो यौगिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro-spojevi" title="Nitro-spojevi – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nitro-spojevi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrovegy%C3%BCletek" title="Nitrovegyületek – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nitrovegyületek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Նիտրոմիացություններ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիտրոմիացություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_nitro" title="Senyawa nitro – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senyawa nitro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroderivati" title="Nitroderivati – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nitroderivati" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="ニトロ化合物 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニトロ化合物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ნიტრო ჯგუფი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიტრო ჯგუფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нитроқосылыстар – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нитроқосылыстар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C_%ED%99%94%ED%95%A9%EB%AC%BC" title="나이트로 화합물 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나이트로 화합물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosavienojumi" title="Nitrosavienojumi – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nitrosavienojumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroverbinnen" title="Nitroverbinnen – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nitroverbinnen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrozwi%C4%85zki" title="Nitrozwiązki – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nitrozwiązki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroderivado" title="Nitroderivado – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nitroderivado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroderivat" title="Nitroderivat – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nitroderivat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нитросоединения – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нитросоединения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro_jedinjenje" title="Nitro jedinjenje – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nitro jedinjenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nitro compound" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro_spojine" title="Nitro spojine – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nitro spojine" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro_jedinjenje" title="Nitro jedinjenje – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nitro jedinjenje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrof%C3%B6rening" title="Nitroförening – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nitroförening" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro_bile%C5%9Fi%C4%9Fi" title="Nitro bileşiği – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nitro bileşiği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Нітросполуки – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нітросполуки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E5%9F%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="硝基化合物 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硝基化合物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q422772#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nitro-group-2D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nitro-group-2D.png/150px-Nitro-group-2D.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nitro-group-2D.png/225px-Nitro-group-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nitro-group-2D.png/300px-Nitro-group-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1061" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>Stuktuur van die nitrogroep</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nitroverbindings</b> is <a href="/wiki/Organiese_verbinding" title="Organiese verbinding">organiese verbindings</a> wat een of meer nitrofunksionele groepe (−<a href="/wiki/Stikstof" title="Stikstof">N</a><a href="/wiki/Suurstof" title="Suurstof">O</a><sub>2</sub>) bevat. Die nitrogroep is een van die algemeenste funksionele groepe wat 'n plofstofverbinding maak en word wêreldwyd gebruik. Die nitrogroep trek ook elektrone sterk terug en daarom kan C-H-bindings aangrensend (α) aan die nitrogroep as 'n suur optree. Die aanwesigheid van nitrogroepe in <a href="/wiki/Aromatiese_verbinding" title="Aromatiese verbinding">aromatiese verbinding</a> vertraag elektrofiele aromatiese substitusie, maar vergemaklik nukleofiele aromatiese substitusie. Nitrogroepe kom selde in die natuur voor, en word byna altyd geproduseer deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">nitrasiereaksies</a> wat met <a href="/wiki/Salpetersuur" title="Salpetersuur">salpetersuur</a> begin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorkoms">Voorkoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Voorkoms" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Voorkoms"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Indigofera_tinctoria1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Indigofera_tinctoria1.jpg/220px-Indigofera_tinctoria1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Indigofera_tinctoria1.jpg/330px-Indigofera_tinctoria1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Indigofera_tinctoria1.jpg/440px-Indigofera_tinctoria1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i>Indigofera tinctoria</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_die_natuur">In die natuur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: In die natuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: In die natuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voorbeelde van nitroverbindings is skaars van aard. 3-Nitropropioniensuur word in sekere swamme en plante (bv. <i>Indigofera</i> wat tot die ertjiesfamilie behoort) gevind. Nitropentadeseen is 'n verdedigingsverbinding wat in <a href="/wiki/Termiet" title="Termiet">termiete</a> voorkom. Nitrofenieletaan kom voor in <i>Aniba canelilla</i>, wat aan die lourierplant familie behoort.<sup id="cite_ref-Maia2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maia2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitrofenieletaan kom ook voor by lede van die <i>Annonaceae</i> (lianas), <i>Lauraceae</i> (lourier) en <i>Papaveraceae</i> (papawer).<sup id="cite_ref-Kramer1993_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kramer1993-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2-Nitrofenol is 'n bymekaarkomende <a href="/wiki/Feromoon" title="Feromoon">feromoon</a> van <a href="/wiki/Bosluis" title="Bosluis">bosluise</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_farmaseutiese_middels">In farmaseutiese middels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: In farmaseutiese middels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: In farmaseutiese middels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ten spyte van die af en toe gebruik in farmaseutiese middels, word die nitrogroep geassosieer met permanente veranderinge in genetiese materiaal, wat mutasies tot gevolg het, en selfs die genetiese inligting binne 'n sel kan beskadig wat kanker kan veroorsaak. Dit word dus dikwels beskou as 'n ongerief of oorlas in die ontdekkingsproses vir farmaseutiese middels.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30295477_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30295477-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sintese">Sintese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Sintese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sintese"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bereiding_van_aromatiese_nitroverbindings">Bereiding van aromatiese nitroverbindings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Bereiding van aromatiese nitroverbindings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bereiding van aromatiese nitroverbindings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aromatiese nitroverbindings word gewoonlik deur nitrasie gesintetiseer. Nitrasie word bereik met behulp van 'n mengsel van salpetersuur en <a href="/wiki/Swaelsuur" title="Swaelsuur">swaelsuur</a>, wat die nitroniumioon (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">NO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">2</span></span></span>) produseer. Die nitroniumioon is die elektrofiel in die reaksie: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Benzol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="B"><img alt="B" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Benzol.svg/53px-Benzol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="53" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Benzol.svg/79px-Benzol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Benzol.svg/105px-Benzol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a></span>  +  <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nitronium_ion_vert.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="N"><img alt="N" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nitronium_ion_vert.svg/14px-Nitronium_ion_vert.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nitronium_ion_vert.svg/21px-Nitronium_ion_vert.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nitronium_ion_vert.svg/28px-Nitronium_ion_vert.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="180" /></a></span>  <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \longrightarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \longrightarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4ffb6a294b21bebe64570c4088d77a884dec95ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.806ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \longrightarrow }"></span>  <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nitrobenzol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nitrob"><img alt="Nitrob" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Nitrobenzol.svg/61px-Nitrobenzol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Nitrobenzol.svg/91px-Nitrobenzol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Nitrobenzol.svg/122px-Nitrobenzol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="92" data-file-height="151" /></a></span>  +  H<sup>+</sup></div></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Baie <a href="/wiki/Plofstof" class="mw-redirect" title="Plofstof">plofstowwe</a> word geproduseer deur nitrasie, waaronder trinitrofenol (<a href="/wiki/Pikriensuur" title="Pikriensuur">pikriensuur</a>), <a href="/wiki/Trinitrotolueen" title="Trinitrotolueen">trinitrotolueen</a> (TNT) en trinitroresorcinol (stifniensuur).<sup id="cite_ref-Booth2000_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Booth2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bereiding_van_alifatiese_nitroverbindings">Bereiding van alifatiese nitroverbindings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Bereiding van alifatiese nitroverbindings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bereiding van alifatiese nitroverbindings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alifatiese_verbinding" title="Alifatiese verbinding">Alifatiese nitroverbindings</a> kan op verskillende maniere gesintetiseer word. Een metode is deur vryradikale nitrasie van <a href="/wiki/Alkane" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkane">alkane</a>. Die reaksie lewer fragmente van die ouer-alkaan, wat 'n uiteenlopende mengsel van produkte skep. Byvoorbeeld, nitro<a href="/wiki/Metaan" title="Metaan">metaan</a>, nitro-<a href="/wiki/Etaan" title="Etaan">etaan</a>, 1-nitro<a href="/wiki/Propaan" title="Propaan">propaan</a> en 2-nitropropaan word geproduseer deur propaan met salpetersuur in die gasfase te behandel.<sup id="cite_ref-Markofsky2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markofsky2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>'n Tweede metode behels nukleofiele substitusiereaksies tussen <a href="/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen">halogeeno</a><a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstowwe</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kornblum1963_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kornblum1963-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of organo<a href="/wiki/Sulfaat" title="Sulfaat">sulfate</a><sup id="cite_ref-Walden1907_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walden1907-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> met <a href="/wiki/Silwer" title="Silwer">silwernitriet</a>- of <a href="/wiki/Alkalimetaal" title="Alkalimetaal">alkalienitrietsoute</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaksies">Reaksies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Reaksies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Reaksies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reduksie">Reduksie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Reduksie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Reduksie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nitroverbindings neem deel aan verskeie organiese reaksies, waarvan die belangrikste die <a href="/wiki/Reduksie" title="Reduksie">reduksie</a> tot die ooreenstemmende <a href="/wiki/Amien" title="Amien">amiene</a> is: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>R-NO<sub>2</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub> → R-NH<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Henry_Reaction_Mechanism_V.1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Henry_Reaction_Mechanism_V.1.png/220px-Henry_Reaction_Mechanism_V.1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Henry_Reaction_Mechanism_V.1.png/330px-Henry_Reaction_Mechanism_V.1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Henry_Reaction_Mechanism_V.1.png/440px-Henry_Reaction_Mechanism_V.1.png 2x" data-file-width="2294" data-file-height="1853" /></a><figcaption>Die meganisme van die Henry-reaksie</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suur-basis_reaksies">Suur-basis reaksies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Suur-basis reaksies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Suur-basis reaksies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die α-koolstof van nitroalkane is ietwat suur. Met ander woorde, hierdie koolstofsure kan in 'n waterige oplossing gedeprotoneer word. Die <a href="/wiki/Gekonjugeerde_basis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gekonjugeerde basis">gekonjugeerde basis</a> word 'n nitronaat genoem, hulle word gevorm as tussenprodukte in die Henry-reaksie (nitroaldolreaksie) en Nef-reaksies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kondensasie_reaksies">Kondensasie reaksies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Kondensasie reaksies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Kondensasie reaksies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nitrometaan ondergaan basisgekataliseerde <a href="/wiki/Chemiese_reaksie#Addisie" title="Chemiese reaksie">addisie</a> tot <a href="/wiki/Aldehied" title="Aldehied">aldehiede</a> in 1,2-toevoeging in die nitroaldolreaksie (Henry-reaksie). Net so dra dit by tot alfa-beta onversadigde karbonielverbindings as 'n 1,4-toevoeging in die Michael-reaksie as 'n Michael-skenker. Nitroalkene is Michael-aanvaarders in die Michael-reaksie met enolaatverbindings.<sup id="cite_ref-Ranganathan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ranganathan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jubert_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jubert-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biochemiese_reaksies">Biochemiese reaksies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Biochemiese reaksies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Biochemiese reaksies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sekere <a href="/wiki/Ensiem" title="Ensiem">ensieme</a> kan alifatiese nitroverbindings <a href="/wiki/Oksidasie" title="Oksidasie">oksideer</a> tot minder giftige <a href="/wiki/Aldehied" title="Aldehied">aldehiede</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ketoon" title="Ketoon">ketone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nagpal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nagpal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaksies_van_aromatiese_nitroverbindings">Reaksies van aromatiese nitroverbindings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Reaksies van aromatiese nitroverbindings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Reaksies van aromatiese nitroverbindings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reduksie van aromatiese nitroverbindings met <a href="/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof">waterstof</a> oor metaal<a href="/wiki/Katalisator" title="Katalisator">katalisators</a> gee <a href="/wiki/Anilien" title="Anilien">aniliene</a>. Feitlik alle aromatiese amiene (aniliene) is afkomstig van aromatiese nitroverbindings. 'n Variasie is die vorming van 'n dimetielaminoareen met <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a> op koolstof en formaldehied:<sup id="cite_ref-Synth_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Synth-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nitrohydrogenation.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hidrogenering van nitroverbindings"><img alt="Hidrogenering van nitroverbindings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nitrohydrogenation.svg/535px-Nitrohydrogenation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="535" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nitrohydrogenation.svg/803px-Nitrohydrogenation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nitrohydrogenation.svg/1070px-Nitrohydrogenation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="111" /></a><figcaption>Hidrogenering van nitroverbindings</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ontploffings">Ontploffings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Ontploffings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ontploffings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plofbare ontbinding van organiese nitroverbindings is <a href="/wiki/Redoksreaksie" title="Redoksreaksie">redoksreaksies</a>, waarin beide die oksidant (nitrogroep) en die brandstof (koolwaterstofsubstituent) binne dieselfde molekule gebind is. Die ontploffingsproses genereer hitte deur hoogs stabiele produkte te vorm, insluitend molekulêre stikstof (N<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioksied" title="Koolstofdioksied">koolstofdioksied</a> (CO<sub>2</sub>) en water (H<sub>2</sub>O). Die ontploffingskrag van hierdie redoksreaksie word verhoog omdat hierdie stabiele produkte gasse is teen matige temperature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroverbindings&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Maia2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Maia2009_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaiaAndrade2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maia, José Guilherme S.; Andrade, Eloísa Helena A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/qn/v32n3/a06v32n3.pdf">"Database of the Amazon aromatic plants and their essential oils"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Química Nova</i> (in Engels). FapUNIFESP (SciELO). <b>32</b> (3): 595–622. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2Fs0100-40422009000300006">10.1590/s0100-40422009000300006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0100-4042">0100-4042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Qu%C3%ADmica+Nova&rft.atitle=Database+of+the+Amazon+aromatic+plants+and+their+essential+oils&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=595-622&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2Fs0100-40422009000300006&rft.issn=0100-4042&rft.aulast=Maia&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Guilherme+S.&rft.au=Andrade%2C+Elo%C3%ADsa+Helena+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fpdf%2Fqn%2Fv32n3%2Fa06v32n3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kramer1993-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kramer1993_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKramerKubitzkiRohwerBittrich1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kramer, K.U.; Kubitzki, K.; Rohwer, J.G.; Bittrich, V. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K_pGAAAAYAAJ"><i>Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Magnoliid, Hamamelid, and Caryophyllid Families</i></a>. Families and genera of vascular plants (in Engels). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-540-55509-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-540-55509-4"><bdi>978-3-540-55509-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flowering+Plants%2C+Dicotyledons%3A+Magnoliid%2C+Hamamelid%2C+and+Caryophyllid+Families&rft.series=Families+and+genera+of+vascular+plants&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag%2C+Berlin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3-540-55509-4&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=K.U.&rft.au=Kubitzki%2C+K.&rft.au=Rohwer%2C+J.G.&rft.au=Bittrich%2C+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK_pGAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid30295477-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid30295477_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFNepaliLeeLiou2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nepali K, Lee HY, Liou JP (Maart 2019). "Nitro-Group-Containing Drugs". <i>J. Med. Chem.</i> (in Engels). <b>62</b> (6): 2851–2893. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.8b00147">10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00147</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30295477">30295477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Med.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Nitro-Group-Containing+Drugs&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2851-2893&rft.date=2019-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.8b00147&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30295477&rft.aulast=Nepali&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Lee%2C+HY&rft.au=Liou%2C+JP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Booth2000-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Booth2000_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBooth2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Booth, Gerald (15 Junie 2000). <i>Nitro Compounds, Aromatic</i> (in Engels). Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a17_411">10.1002/14356007.a17_411</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3-527-30673-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3-527-30673-0"><bdi>3-527-30673-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nitro+Compounds%2C+Aromatic&rft.place=Weinheim%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH+Verlag+GmbH+%26+Co.+KGaA&rft.date=2000-06-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a17_411&rft.isbn=3-527-30673-0&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Markofsky2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Markofsky2000_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMarkofskyGrace2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Markofsky, Sheldon; Grace, W.G. (2000). <i>Nitro Compounds, Aliphatic. In:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i> (in Engels). <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a17_401">10.1002/14356007.a17_401</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3527306732" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3527306732"><bdi>978-3527306732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nitro+Compounds%2C+Aliphatic.+In%3AUllmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a17_401&rft.isbn=978-3527306732&rft.aulast=Markofsky&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rft.au=Grace%2C+W.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kornblum1963-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kornblum1963_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKornblumUngnade1963" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kornblum, N.; Ungnade, H. E. (1963). "1-Nitroöctane". <i>Organic Syntheses</i> (in Engels). <b>4</b>: 724. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15227%2Forgsyn.038.0075">10.15227/orgsyn.038.0075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organic+Syntheses&rft.atitle=1-Nitro%C3%B6ctane&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=724&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15227%2Forgsyn.038.0075&rft.aulast=Kornblum&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Ungnade%2C+H.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walden1907-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Walden1907_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWalden1907" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Walden, P. (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1426247">"Zur Darstellung aliphatischer Sulfocyanide, Cyanide und Nitrokörper"</a> [Vir die voorstelling van alifatiese sulfosianiede, sianiede en nitro liggame]. <i>Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft</i> (in Duits). <b>40</b> (3): 3214–3217. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcber.19070400383">10.1002/cber.19070400383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berichte+der+Deutschen+Chemischen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=Zur+Darstellung+aliphatischer+Sulfocyanide%2C+Cyanide+und+Nitrok%C3%B6rper&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=3214-3217&rft.date=1907&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fcber.19070400383&rft.aulast=Walden&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1426247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ranganathan-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ranganathan_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRanganathan,_DarshanRao,_BhushanRanganathan,_SubramaniaMehrotra,_Ashok1980" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ranganathan, Darshan; Rao, Bhushan; Ranganathan, Subramania; Mehrotra, Ashok; Iyengar, Radha (1980). "Nitroethylene: a stable, clean, and reactive agent for organic synthesis". <i>The Journal of Organic Chemistry</i> (in Engels). <b>45</b> (7): 1185–1189. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjo01295a003">10.1021/jo01295a003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Nitroethylene%3A+a+stable%2C+clean%2C+and+reactive+agent+for+organic+synthesis&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1185-1189&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjo01295a003&rft.au=Ranganathan%2C+Darshan&rft.au=Rao%2C+Bhushan&rft.au=Ranganathan%2C+Subramania&rft.au=Mehrotra%2C+Ashok&rft.au=Iyengar%2C+Radha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jubert-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jubert_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJubert,_CaroleKnochel,_Paul1992" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jubert, Carole; Knochel, Paul (1992). "Preparation of polyfunctional nitro olefins and nitroalkanes using the copper-zinc reagents RCu(CN)ZnI". <i>The Journal of Organic Chemistry</i> (in Engels). <b>57</b> (20): 5431–5438. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjo00046a027">10.1021/jo00046a027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Preparation+of+polyfunctional+nitro+olefins+and+nitroalkanes+using+the+copper-zinc+reagents+RCu%28CN%29ZnI&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=5431-5438&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjo00046a027&rft.au=Jubert%2C+Carole&rft.au=Knochel%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nagpal-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Nagpal_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFNagpalValleyFitzpatrickOrville2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nagpal, Akanksha; Valley, Michael P.; Fitzpatrick, Paul F.; Orville, Allen M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855086">"Crystal Structures of Nitroalkane Oxidase: Insights into the Reaction Mechanism from a Covalent Complex of the Flavoenzyme Trapped during Turnover"</a>. <i>Biochemistry</i> (in Engels). <b>45</b> (4): 1138–50. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fbi051966w">10.1021/bi051966w</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Vrylik beskikbaar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855086">1855086</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16430210">16430210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Crystal+Structures+of+Nitroalkane+Oxidase%3A+Insights+into+the+Reaction+Mechanism+from+a+Covalent+Complex+of+the+Flavoenzyme+Trapped+during+Turnover&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1138-50&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1855086%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16430210&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fbi051966w&rft.aulast=Nagpal&rft.aufirst=Akanksha&rft.au=Valley%2C+Michael+P.&rft.au=Fitzpatrick%2C+Paul+F.&rft.au=Orville%2C+Allen+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1855086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANitroverbindings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Synth-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Synth_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orgsynth.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV5P0552.pdf"><i>Organic Syntheses</i></a> (1967) Vol. 5, bl.552 (1973); Vol. 47, bl.69</span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422772&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422772&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422772" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4136117-9">4136117-9</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568573">00568573</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph249384&CON_LNG=ENG">ph249384</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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