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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriminal_avtoritet" title="Kriminal avtoritet – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kriminal avtoritet" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefe_criminal" title="Jefe criminal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jefe criminal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رئیس تبهکاران – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس تبهکاران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%91%90%EB%AA%A9_(%EB%B2%94%EC%A3%84)" title="두목 (범죄) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="두목 (범죄)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Հանցագործության ղեկավար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանցագործության ղեկավար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boss" title="Boss – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Boss" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Криминальный авторитет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Криминальный авторитет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefi_i_krimit" title="Shefi i krimit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shefi i krimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سەرکردەی تاوانکاری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرکردەی تاوانکاری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafya_lideri" title="Mafya lideri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mafya lideri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Злочинний бос – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Злочинний бос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B9m_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91en" title="Trùm xã hội đen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trùm xã hội đen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the rapper, see <a href="/wiki/Crime_Boss_(rapper)" title="Crime Boss (rapper)">Crime Boss (rapper)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mob boss" redirects here. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Mob_Boss_(film)" title="Mob Boss (film)">Mob Boss (film)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Criminal mastermind" redirects here. For the television series, see <a href="/wiki/Demente_criminal" title="Demente criminal">Demente criminal</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Crime_boss" title="Special:EditPage/Crime boss">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Crime+boss%22">"Crime boss"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Crime+boss%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Crime+boss%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Crime+boss%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Crime+boss%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Crime+boss%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg/220px-Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg/330px-Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg/440px-Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a> was a crime boss during the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition era">Prohibition era</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>crime boss</b>, also known as a <b>crime lord</b>, <b>crime master</b>, <b>crime baron</b>, <b>crime emperor</b>, <b>mob emperor</b>, <b>mafia don</b>, <b>gang lord</b>, <b>gang boss</b>, <b>gang master</b>, <b>mob boss</b>, <b>kingpin</b>, <b>godfather</b>, <b>crime mentor</b>, or <b>criminal mastermind</b> is the leader of a <a href="/wiki/Criminal_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal organization">criminal organization</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_boss&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A crime boss has absolute or nearly absolute control over the other members of the organization and is often greatly feared or respected for their cunning, strategy, and/or ruthlessness and willingness to take lives to exert their influence and profits from the criminal endeavors in which the organization engages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manning_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some groups may only have as little as two ranks (a crime boss and their soldiers). Other groups have a more complex, structured organization with many ranks, and structure may vary with cultural background. Organized crime enterprises originating in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> differ in structure from those in mainland Italy. American groups may be structured differently from their European counterparts and Latino and African American gangs often have structures that vary from European gangs. The size of the criminal organization is also important, as regional or national gangs have much more complex hierarchies.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sicilian_Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_boss&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sicilian Mafia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mafia_family_structure_tree.en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mafia_family_structure_tree.en.svg/350px-Mafia_family_structure_tree.en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mafia_family_structure_tree.en.svg/525px-Mafia_family_structure_tree.en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mafia_family_structure_tree.en.svg/700px-Mafia_family_structure_tree.en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>Structure of Mafia crime family</figcaption></figure> <p>The boss in the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_Mafia" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian-American Mafia">Italian-American Mafia</a> is the head of the <a href="/wiki/Crime_family" title="Crime family">crime family</a> and the top decision maker. Only the boss can initiate an associate into the family, however, the boss can give permission to an <a href="/wiki/Underboss" title="Underboss">underboss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consigliere" title="Consigliere">consigliere</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Caporegime" title="Caporegime">captain</a>, allowing them to become a <a href="/wiki/Made_man" title="Made man">made man</a>. The boss can promote or demote family members at will, and has the sole power to sanction murders inside and outside the family. If the boss is incarcerated or incapacitated, he usually retains the title of "boss" but may appoint an <i>acting boss</i> who is responsible for running the crime family in his stead or on a more daily basis. In addition to "boss" and "acting boss", some families have at times officially or unofficially utilized the positions of <i>front boss</i> and <i>street boss</i>. A "front boss" is generally put into place to act ostensibly as the boss while drawing police attention away from the actual official boss operating behind the scenes. A "street boss" is often informally appointed or regarded by the official boss or by subordinates as the "hands-on", street-level, actively engaged proxy or stand-in for the official boss, usually coordinating, controlling, and managing street operations on behalf of an official boss who prefers to stay behind the scenes (either by choice or to avoid police scrutiny). "Street bosses" are often particularly influential or powerful <a href="/wiki/Caporegimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Caporegimes">caporegimes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Underboss" title="Underboss">underbosses</a>, and the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "acting boss" or "front boss" depending on the circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-gangland_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gangland-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prince_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prince-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-famaffair_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-famaffair-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a boss dies, the crime family members choose a new boss from inside the organization. </p><p>The typical structure within the Mafia in Sicily and America is usually as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Boss of all bosses – also known as the <b><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Capo_dei_capi" title="Capo dei capi">capo dei capi</a></i></span></b> or <b>godfather</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">padrino</i>), has been given by the media to the most powerful boss, although the Mafia never recognized the position itself. The highest body to decide on inter-family issues is <a href="/wiki/The_Commission_(mafia)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Commission (mafia)">the Commission</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia_Commission" title="Sicilian Mafia Commission">Sicilian Mafia Commission</a>).</li> <li>Boss – Also known as the <b><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Capomandamento" class="mw-redirect" title="Capomandamento">capomandamento</a></i></span></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Capocrimine" title="Capocrimine">capocrimine</a></b>, <b><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">rappresentante</i></span></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">don</a></b>, or <b>godfather</b>, is the highest level in a crime family.<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Raab_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raab-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underboss" title="Underboss">Underboss</a> – Also known as the "<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">capo bastone</i></span>" in some criminal organizations, this individual is the second-in-command. He is responsible for ensuring that profits from criminal enterprises flow up to the boss, and generally oversees the selection of the caporegime(s) and soldier(s) to carry out murders, kidnappings, carjackings, robberies, terrorisms, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The underboss may take control of the crime family after the boss' death. He keeps this position until a new boss is chosen, which in some cases may be the underboss.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consigliere" title="Consigliere">Consigliere</a> – Also known as an advisor or "right-hand man", this person is a counselor to the boss of a crime family. The boss, underboss, and consigliere constitute the "Administration".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The consigliere is third ranked in the hierarchy but generally does not have capos or soldiers working directly for him.<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the boss, there is usually only one consigliere per criminal organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caporegime" title="Caporegime">Caporegime</a> – Also known as a captain, skipper, capo, or "crew chief", the caporegime was originally known as a "<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Capodecina" title="Capodecina">capodecina</a></i></span>" (captain of ten) because he oversaw only 10 soldiers. In more recent times, the caporegime may oversee as many soldiers as he can efficiently control.<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A caporegime is appointed by the family boss to run his own <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">borgata</i></span></i> (regime, or crew) of <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">soldati</i></span></i> (soldiers). Each caporegime reports directly to the underboss, who gives him the permission to perform criminal activities. If the family decides to murder someone, the underboss normally asks a caporegime to carry out the order. The caporegime runs the day-to-day operations of his crew. The caporegime's soldiers give part of their earnings to him, and then he gives a share to the underboss. A caporegime can recommend to the underboss or boss that a recruit be allowed to join his crew as a mob associate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldato" title="Soldato">Soldato</a> – Also known as a sgarrista, soldier, "button man", "<a href="/wiki/Made_man" title="Made man">made man</a>", "wiseguy" or "goodfella", this is the lowest level of mobster or gangster.<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "soldier" must have taken the <a href="/wiki/Omert%C3%A0" title="Omertà">omertà</a> (oath of silence),<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in some organizations must have killed a person to be considered "made".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">picciotto</i></span></i> is a low-level soldier, usually someone who does the day-to-day work of threatening, beating, planting bombs, and intimidating others.<sup id="cite_ref-Nash_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nash-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Associate – Also known as a "<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">giovane d'onore</i></span>" (man of honor), an associate is a person who is not a soldier in a crime family, but works for them and shares in the execution of and profits from the criminal enterprise.<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Italian criminal organizations, "associates" are usually affiliates of the criminal organization who are not of Italian descent, or affiliates and candidates of Italian descent who have not yet been "made" or inducted into the Mafia and thus have not yet been promoted to the position of "soldato" or "soldier".<sup id="cite_ref-Nash_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nash-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A boss will typically put up layers of insulation between himself and his men to hinder police efforts to connect his orders to him. Whenever he issues orders, he does so either to his underboss, consigliere or capos. The orders are then passed down the line to the soldiers. This makes it difficult under most circumstances for the police to directly implicate a boss in a crime, since he almost never directly gives orders to the soldiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mr._Big">Mr. Big</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_boss&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mr. Big"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <b>Mr. Big</b> is used within <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">the underworld</a>, and additionally during media reportings of persons associated with criminal activities, to refer to a leader of a body of persons functioning in the capacities of roles within organised crime. Sometimes bosses of the so-called gangland are referred to as being <i>Mr. Big</i>, as for example when he could not be named for legal reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term implicitly indicates a degree of a possession of a higher intelligence of an individual.<sup id="cite_ref-Fiona_Brookman,_Mike_Maguire,_Harriet_Pierpoint,_Trevor_Bennett_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Brookman,_Mike_Maguire,_Harriet_Pierpoint,_Trevor_Bennett-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term especially indicates the existence of involvement in what is known as <i>big-time crime</i>, which would include, for example <a href="/wiki/Armed_robbery" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed robbery">armed robbery</a> and the more organised aspects of careers within crime.<sup id="cite_ref-Fiona_Brookman,_Mike_Maguire,_Harriet_Pierpoint,_Trevor_Bennett_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Brookman,_Mike_Maguire,_Harriet_Pierpoint,_Trevor_Bennett-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1945 dictionary of criminal slang in the U.S. lists <i>Big Brains</i> as "a gang-leader", but not <i>Mr. Big</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vincent_Joseph_Monteleone_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincent_Joseph_Monteleone-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_boss&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">American Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_man_(anthropology)" title="Big man (anthropology)">Big man (anthropology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boss_(video_games)" title="Boss (video games)">Boss (video games)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_lord" title="Drug lord">Drug lord</a> – bosses of <a href="/wiki/Drug_cartel" title="Drug cartel">drug cartels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crime_bosses" title="List of crime bosses">List of crime bosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_criminal_enterprises,_gangs_and_syndicates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates">List of criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_crime_bosses_and_gang_leaders" title="List of fictional crime bosses and gang leaders">List of fictional crime bosses and gang leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mafia" title="Russian mafia">Russian mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triad_(organized_crime)" title="Triad (organized crime)">Triad (organized crime)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza" title="Yakuza">Yakuza</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_boss&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pistone, Joseph D. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/wayofwiseguyfbis0000pist" class="extiw" title="iarchive:wayofwiseguyfbis0000pist">The Way of the Wiseguy: The FBI's Most Famous Undercover Agent Cracks the Mob Mind</a>.</i> Philadelphia: Running Press, 2005. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7624-2384-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7624-2384-6">0-7624-2384-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manning-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning, George A. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/financialinvesti0002mann" class="extiw" title="iarchive:financialinvesti0002mann">Financial Investigation and Forensic Accounting</a>.</i> Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-2223-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-2223-5">0-8493-2223-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albanese, Jay, <i><a href="//archive.org/details/contemporaryissu0000unse_j5l2" class="extiw" title="iarchive:contemporaryissu0000unse j5l2">Contemporary Issues in Organized Crime</a>.</i> Monsey, N.Y.: Criminal Justice Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-881798-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-881798-04-6">1-881798-04-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gangland-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gangland_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeStefano2015" class="citation book cs1">DeStefano, Anthony M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qFAiCgAAQBAJ"><i>Gangland New York The Places and Faces of Mob History</i></a>. Lyons Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781493018338" title="Special:BookSources/9781493018338"><bdi>9781493018338</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gangland+New+York+The+Places+and+Faces+of+Mob+History&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781493018338&rft.aulast=DeStefano&rft.aufirst=Anthony+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqFAiCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrime+boss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prince-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prince_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonetti2014" class="citation book cs1">Leonetti, Phil (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7zZXDgAAQBAJ"><i>Mafia Prince</i></a>. Running Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762456000" title="Special:BookSources/9780762456000"><bdi>9780762456000</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mafia+Prince&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780762456000&rft.aulast=Leonetti&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7zZXDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrime+boss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-famaffair-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-famaffair_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnstein2010" class="citation book cs1">Burnstein, Scott M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iov_BH0rzpcC&dq=%22front+boss%22+mafia&pg=PT27"><i>Family Affair Greed, Treachery, and Betrayal in the Chicago Mafia</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101185575" title="Special:BookSources/9781101185575"><bdi>9781101185575</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Family+Affair+Greed%2C+Treachery%2C+and+Betrayal+in+the+Chicago+Mafia&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781101185575&rft.aulast=Burnstein&rft.aufirst=Scott+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Diov_BH0rzpcC%26dq%3D%2522front%2Bboss%2522%2Bmafia%26pg%3DPT27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrime+boss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeVico-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">DeVico, Peter J. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/mafiamadeeasyana0000devi" class="extiw" title="iarchive:mafiamadeeasyana0000devi">The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra</a>.</i> <a href="/wiki/Tate_Publishing_%26_Enterprises" title="Tate Publishing & Enterprises">Tate Publishing</a>, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-60247-254-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-60247-254-8">1-60247-254-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raab-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raab_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raab, Selwyn. <i>The Five Families: The Rise, Decline & Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empire</i>. New York: St. Martins Press, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsn.org/indictments/bellomo/indictment_criminal_genovese_family-2006-2-23.htm">Genovese Indictment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722103906/http://www.ipsn.org/indictments/bellomo/indictment_criminal_genovese_family-2006-2-23.htm">Archived</a> 22 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" U.S. District Court. Southern District of New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maas, Peter. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/underbosssammybu00maas" class="extiw" title="iarchive:underbosssammybu00maas">Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia</a>.</i> Paperback reissue. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-109664-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-109664-4">0-06-109664-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeStefano, Anthony M. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/kingofgodfathers0000dest_w6c5" class="extiw" title="iarchive:kingofgodfathers0000dest w6c5">King of the Godfathers: Big Joey Massino and the Fall of the Bonanno Crime Family</a>.</i> New York: Kensington Publishing Corp., 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8065-2874-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8065-2874-5">0-8065-2874-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nash-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nash_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nash_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nash, Robert Jay. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi00jayr" class="extiw" title="iarchive:worldencyclopedi00jayr">World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime</a>.</i> Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80535-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80535-9">0-306-80535-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Sherry – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundayworld.com/news/crimedesk/cops-foil-hit-on-mr-big">Article titled: Drug lord avoids death after gardai intelligence stops attempted hit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211904/http://www.sundayworld.com/news/crimedesk/cops-foil-hit-on-mr-big#">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Sundayworld Friday 23 May 2014 [Retrieved 2015-07-27]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fiona_Brookman,_Mike_Maguire,_Harriet_Pierpoint,_Trevor_Bennett-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fiona_Brookman,_Mike_Maguire,_Harriet_Pierpoint,_Trevor_Bennett_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fiona_Brookman,_Mike_Maguire,_Harriet_Pierpoint,_Trevor_Bennett_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiona_BrookmanMike_MaguireHarriet_PierpointTrevor_Bennett2010" class="citation book cs1">Fiona Brookman; Mike Maguire; Harriet Pierpoint; Trevor Bennett (1 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2F9sBgAAQBAJ&q=Mr+Big+%28criminology&pg=PA294"><i>Handbook on Crime</i></a>. Routledge 1 February 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317436751" title="Special:BookSources/9781317436751"><bdi>9781317436751</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+on+Crime&rft.pub=Routledge+1+February+2010&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.isbn=9781317436751&rft.au=Fiona+Brookman&rft.au=Mike+Maguire&rft.au=Harriet+Pierpoint&rft.au=Trevor+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2F9sBgAAQBAJ%26q%3DMr%2BBig%2B%2528criminology%26pg%3DPA294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrime+boss" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (September 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Ridings – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jJ7_xd0IpEAC&dq=Gang+boss+Big+time+crime&pg=PA7">Chicago to Springfield:: Crime and Politics in the 1920s</a> Arcadia Publishing 18 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vincent_Joseph_Monteleone-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vincent_Joseph_Monteleone_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent_Joseph_Monteleone1949" class="citation book cs1">Vincent Joseph Monteleone (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nN81uyN8WmIC"><i>Criminal Slang: The Vernacular of the Underground Lingo</i></a>. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781584773009" title="Special:BookSources/9781584773009"><bdi>9781584773009</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Criminal+Slang%3A+The+Vernacular+of+the+Underground+Lingo&rft.pub=The+Lawbook+Exchange%2C+Ltd.+1949&rft.date=1949&rft.isbn=9781584773009&rft.au=Vincent+Joseph+Monteleone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnN81uyN8WmIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrime+boss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian-American_Mafia358" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Mafia" title="Template:American Mafia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Mafia" title="Template talk:American Mafia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Mafia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Mafia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italian-American_Mafia358" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">Italian-American Mafia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_Mafia_crime_families" title="List of Italian Mafia crime families">List of Mafia crime families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_bibliography" title="Mafia bibliography">Mafia bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crime_family" title="Crime family">Families</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Five_Families" title="Five Families">Five Families</a> of<br />New York City</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotroni_crime_family" title="Cotroni crime family">Calabrian group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Motion_Lounge" title="The Motion Lounge">Motion Lounge crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Springville_Boys" title="New Springville Boys">New Springville Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizzuto_crime_family" title="Rizzuto crime family">Sicilian group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Crew" title="Baltimore Crew">Baltimore Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_Park_Boys" title="Ozone Park Boys">Ozone Park Boys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/116th_Street_Crew" title="116th Street Crew">116th Street Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Mob" title="Broadway Mob">Broadway Mob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village_Crew" title="Greenwich Village Crew">Greenwich Village Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family_New_Jersey_faction" title="Genovese crime family New Jersey faction">New Jersey faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family_Springfield_faction" title="Genovese crime family Springfield faction">Springfield faction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family_Brooklyn_faction" title="Lucchese crime family Brooklyn faction">Brooklyn faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family_New_Jersey_faction" title="Lucchese crime family New Jersey faction">New Jersey faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_Boys" title="Tanglewood Boys">Tanglewood Boys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">East Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_crime_family" title="Buffalo crime family">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeCavalcante_crime_family" title="DeCavalcante crime family">DeCavalcante</a> (Northern New Jersey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarca_crime_family" title="Patriarca crime family">Patriarca</a> (New England) (<a href="/wiki/Angiulo_brothers" title="Angiulo brothers">Angiulo's Boston crew</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_crime_family" title="Philadelphia crime family">Philadelphia</a> (<a href="/wiki/10th_%26_Oregon_Crew" title="10th & Oregon Crew">10th & Oregon Crew</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Midwestern/Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Partnership" title="Detroit Partnership">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_crime_family" title="Kansas City crime family">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_crime_family" title="Los Angeles crime family">Los Angeles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Mostly defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bufalino_crime_family" title="Bufalino crime family">Bufalino</a> (Northeastern Pennsylvania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_crime_family" title="Cleveland crime family">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_crime_family" title="Colorado crime family">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_crime_family" title="Dallas crime family">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genna_crime_family" title="Genna crime family">Genna</a> (Chicago)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lanzetta_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lanzetta Brothers">Lanzetta</a> (Philadelphia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morello_crime_family" title="Morello crime family">Morello</a> (Italian Harlem)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Aquila_crime_family" title="D'Aquila crime family">D'Aquila</a> (Little Italy, Manhattan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_crime_family" title="New Orleans crime family">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_crime_family" title="Milwaukee crime family">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_crime_family" title="Pittsburgh crime family">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_crime_family" title="Rochester crime family">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_crime_family" title="Rockford crime family">Rockford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_crime_family" title="San Francisco crime family">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_crime_family" title="San Jose crime family">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_crime_family" title="St. Louis crime family">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafficante_crime_family" title="Trafficante crime family">Trafficante</a> (Tampa)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chain of command</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Commission_(American_Mafia)" title="The Commission (American Mafia)">The Commission</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underboss" title="Underboss">Underboss</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consigliere" title="Consigliere">Consigliere</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caporegime" title="Caporegime">Caporegime</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soldato" title="Soldato">Soldato</a></i></li> <li>Associate</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Members (<i><a href="/wiki/Made_man" title="Made man">made men</a></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian-American_mobsters" title="List of Italian-American mobsters">List of Italian-American mobsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian-American_mobsters_by_organization" title="List of Italian-American mobsters by organization">List of Italian-American mobsters by organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Mafia-related_words" title="Glossary of Mafia-related words">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Initiation_ritual_(mafia)" title="Initiation ritual (mafia)">Initiation ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_man" title="Made man">Made man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagman" title="Bagman">Bagman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hand_(extortion)" title="Black Hand (extortion)">Black Hand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hand_(Chicago)" title="Black Hand (Chicago)">Black Hand in Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">Vendetta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capo_dei_capi" title="Capo dei capi">Capo dei capi</a></i> (boss of bosses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustache_Pete" title="Mustache Pete">Mustache Pete</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omert%C3%A0" title="Omertà">Omertà</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-way_ride" title="One-way ride">One-way ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Family" title="Sixth Family">Sixth Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zips" title="Zips">Zips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_Conference" title="Atlantic City Conference">Atlantic City Conference</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana_Conference" title="Havana Conference">Havana Conference</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apalachin_meeting" title="Apalachin meeting">Apalachin meeting</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_et_des_Palmes_Mafia_meeting" title="Grand Hotel et des Palmes Mafia meeting">Palermo Mafia summit</a> (1957)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Hearings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Crime_in_Interstate_Commerce" title="United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce">Kefauver Committee</a> (1950–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a> (1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafia%E2%80%93Camorra_War" title="Mafia–Camorra War">Mafia–Camorra War</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> (1929–1931)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Connection_Trial" title="Pizza Connection Trial">Pizza Connection Trial</a> (1985–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_Commission_Trial" title="Mafia Commission Trial">Mafia Commission Trial</a> (1985–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closely related<br />and affiliated<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">Camorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colacurcio_Organization" title="Colacurcio Organization">Colacurcio Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commisso_%27ndrina" title="Commisso 'ndrina">Commisso 'ndrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotroni_crime_family" title="Cotroni crime family">Cotroni crime family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuntrera-Caruana_Mafia_clan" title="Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan">Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inzerillo_Mafia_clan" title="Inzerillo Mafia clan">Inzerillo Mafia clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_organized_crime" title="Jewish-American organized crime">Jewish Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luppino_crime_family" title="Luppino crime family">Luppino crime family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musitano_crime_family" title="Musitano crime family">Musitano crime family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ndrangheta" title="'Ndrangheta">'Ndrangheta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papalia_crime_family" title="Papalia crime family">Papalia crime family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Greek_Mob" title="Philadelphia Greek Mob">Philadelphia Greek Mob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizzuto_crime_family" title="Rizzuto crime family">Rizzuto crime family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacra_Corona_Unita" title="Sacra Corona Unita">Sacra Corona Unita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siderno_Group" title="Siderno Group">Siderno Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stidda" title="Stidda">Stidda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velentzas_Organization" title="Velentzas Organization">Velentzas Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Mob" title="Broadway Mob">Broadway Mob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugs_and_Meyer_Mob" title="Bugs and Meyer Mob">Bugs and Meyer Mob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_Johnson" title="Bumpy Johnson">Bumpy Johnson gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camorra_in_New_York_City" title="Camorra in New York City">New York Camorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Battle_Sr." title="José Miguel Battle Sr.">The Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Council_(drug_syndicate)" title="The Council (drug syndicate)">The Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Schultz" title="Dutch Schultz">Dutch Schultz Mob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Harlem_Purple_Gang" title="East Harlem Purple Gang">East Harlem Purple Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Points_Gang" title="Five Points Gang">Five Points Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty-Two_Gang" title="Forty-Two Gang">Forty-Two Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_National_Union" title="Italian-American National Union">Italian-American National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maceo_Organization" title="Maceo Organization">Maceo Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marat_Balagula" title="Marat Balagula">Marat Balagula gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder,_Inc." title="Murder, Inc.">Murder, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Syndicate" title="National Crime Syndicate">National Crime Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Springville_Boys" title="New Springville Boys">New Springville Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaj_Organization" title="Rudaj Organization">Rudaj Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Brooklyn_Boys" title="South Brooklyn Boys">South Brooklyn Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_Boys" title="Tanglewood Boys">Tanglewood Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unione_Corse" title="Unione Corse">Unione Corse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westies" title="Westies">Westies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_Gang" title="Winter Hill Gang">Winter Hill Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Government<br />operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaborations_between_the_United_States_government_and_Italian_Mafia" title="Collaborations between the United States government and Italian Mafia">Collaborations between the United States government and Italian Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Family_Secrets" title="Operation Family Secrets">Operation Family Secrets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Old_Bridge" title="Operation Old Bridge">Operation Old Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solare" title="Operation Solare">Operation Solare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Underworld" title="Operation Underworld">Operation Underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wasteland" title="Operation Wasteland">Operation Wasteland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Crimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Connection" title="French Connection">French Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hired_Truck_Program" title="Hired Truck Program">Hired Truck Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_heist" title="Lufthansa heist">Lufthansa heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine%27s_Day_Massacre" title="Saint Valentine's Day Massacre">Saint Valentine's Day Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_bombings" title="Rochester bombings">Rochester bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_murder" title="Barrel murder">Barrel murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_from_Chicago" title="Buster from Chicago">Buster from Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement_shoes" title="Cement shoes">Cement shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_Man" title="Shotgun Man">Shotgun Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_Mafia" title="Category:American Mafia">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sicilian_Mafia314" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sicilian_Mafia" title="Template:Sicilian Mafia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sicilian_Mafia" title="Template talk:Sicilian Mafia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sicilian_Mafia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sicilian Mafia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sicilian_Mafia314" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chain of command</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia_Commission" title="Sicilian Mafia Commission">Commission</a> (Cupola)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interprovincial_Commission" title="Interprovincial Commission">Interprovincial Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capo_dei_capi" title="Capo dei capi">Capo dei capi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_family" title="Crime family">Family</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cosca" title="Cosca">Cosca</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boss</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capomandamento" class="mw-redirect" title="Capomandamento">Capomandamento</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underboss" title="Underboss">Underboss</a> (Sottocapo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consigliere" title="Consigliere">Consigliere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capodecina" title="Capodecina">Capodecina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caporegime" title="Caporegime">Caporegime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldato" title="Soldato">Soldato</a> (Soldier)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Mafia-related_words" title="Glossary of Mafia-related words">Codes and terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Made_man" title="Made man">Made man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandamento_(Sicilian_Mafia)" title="Mandamento (Sicilian Mafia)">Mandamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omert%C3%A0" title="Omertà">Omertà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">Faida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzo_(mafia)" title="Pizzo (mafia)">Pizzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzino" title="Pizzino">Pizzino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sicilian_Mafia_clans" title="List of Sicilian Mafia clans">Clans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corleonesi_Mafia_clan" title="Corleonesi Mafia clan">Corleonesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatolo_Mafia_clan" title="Galatolo Mafia clan">Galatolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco_Mafia_clan" title="Greco Mafia clan">Greco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minore_Mafia_clan" title="Minore Mafia clan">Minore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motisi_Mafia_clan" title="Motisi Mafia clan">Motisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inzerillo_Mafia_clan" title="Inzerillo Mafia clan">Inzerillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuntrera-Caruana_Mafia_clan" title="Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan">Cuntrera-Caruana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graviano_family" title="Graviano family">Graviano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandamento_(Sicilian_Mafia)" title="Mandamento (Sicilian Mafia)">Mandamenti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agrigento_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrigento Province">Agrigento Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Agrigento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Elisabetta" title="Santa Elisabetta">Santa Elisabetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Empedocle" title="Porto Empedocle">Porto Empedocle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canicatt%C3%AC" title="Canicattì">Canicattì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cianciana" title="Cianciana">Cianciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribera,_Agrigento" title="Ribera, Agrigento">Ribera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca_di_Sicilia" title="Sambuca di Sicilia">Sambuca di Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casteltermini" title="Casteltermini">Casteltermini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_di_Montechiaro" title="Palma di Montechiaro">Palma di Montechiaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campobello_di_Licata" title="Campobello di Licata">Campobello di Licata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caltanissetta_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Caltanissetta Province">Caltanissetta Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallelunga_Pratameno" title="Vallelunga Pratameno">Vallelunga Pratameno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesi" title="Riesi">Riesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussomeli" title="Mussomeli">Mussomeli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Nuova,_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Porta Nuova, Palermo">Porta Nuova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brancaccio" title="Brancaccio">Brancaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagliarelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagliarelli">Pagliarelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo Province">Palermo Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camporeale" title="Camporeale">Camporeale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corleone" title="Corleone">Corleone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinisi" title="Cinisi">Cinisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagheria" title="Bagheria">Bagheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabia" title="Trabia">Trabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmonte_Mezzagno" title="Belmonte Mezzagno">Belmonte Mezzagno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mauro_Castelverde" title="San Mauro Castelverde">San Mauro Castelverde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trapani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapani Province">Trapani Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castelvetrano" title="Castelvetrano">Castelvetrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazara_del_Vallo" title="Mazara del Vallo">Mazara del Vallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcamo" title="Alcamo">Alcamo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mistretta" title="Mistretta">Mistretta</a></li> <li>Sud <a href="/wiki/Siracusa,_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Siracusa, Sicily">Siracusa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sicilian_Mafia_members" title="List of Sicilian Mafia members">List of Sicilian Mafia members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sicilian_Mafia_members_by_city" title="List of Sicilian Mafia members by city">List of Sicilian Mafia members by city</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_et_des_Palmes_Mafia_meeting" title="Grand Hotel et des Palmes Mafia meeting">Grand Hotel et des Palmes Mafia meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mafia_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Mafia War">First Mafia War</a> (1962–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mafia_War" title="Second Mafia War">Second Mafia War</a> (1981–1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massacres<br />and bombings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portella_della_Ginestra_massacre" title="Portella della Ginestra massacre">Portella della Ginestra massacre</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciaculli_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciaculli bombing">Ciaculli bombing</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viale_Lazio_massacre" title="Viale Lazio massacre">Viale Lazio massacre</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circonvallazione_massacre" title="Circonvallazione massacre">Circonvallazione massacre</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Carini_massacre" title="Via Carini massacre">Via Carini massacre</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocco_Chinnici#Assassination" title="Rocco Chinnici">Via Federico Pipitone massacre</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_904_bombing" title="Train 904 bombing">Train 904 bombing</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzolungo_bombing" title="Pizzolungo bombing">Pizzolungo bombing</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capaci_bombing" title="Capaci bombing">Capaci bombing</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_D%27Amelio_bombing" title="Via D'Amelio bombing">Via D'Amelio bombing</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_dei_Georgofili_bombing" title="Via dei Georgofili bombing">Via dei Georgofili bombing</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Palestro_massacre" title="Via Palestro massacre">Via Palestro massacre</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antimafia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sangiorgi_report" title="Sangiorgi report">Sangiorgi report (1898-1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimafia_Commission" title="Antimafia Commission">Italian Antimafia Commission</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Italian_Antimafia_Commission" title="List of members of the Italian Antimafia Commission">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direzione_Investigativa_Antimafia" title="Direzione Investigativa Antimafia">Direzione Investigativa Antimafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-Mafia_Pact" title="State-Mafia Pact">State-Mafia Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addiopizzo" title="Addiopizzo">Addiopizzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentito" title="Pentito">Pentito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_victims_of_the_Sicilian_Mafia" title="List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia">List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960s_Sicilian_Mafia_trials" title="1960s Sicilian Mafia trials">1960s Sicilian Mafia trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a> (1986–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Connection_Trial" title="Pizza Connection Trial">Pizza Connection Trial</a> (1985–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Cosa_Nostra" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cosa Nostra">American Cosa Nostra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonima_sarda" title="Anonima sarda">Anonima sarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_41-bis_prison_regime" title="Article 41-bis prison regime">Article 41-bis prison regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_della_Comasina" title="Banda della Comasina">Banda della Comasina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_della_Magliana" title="Banda della Magliana">Banda della Magliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilischi" title="Basilischi">Basilischi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beati_Paoli" title="Beati Paoli">Beati Paoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">Camorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_mafia" title="Corsican mafia">Corsican mafia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unione_Corse" title="Unione Corse">Unione Corse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardu%C3%B1a" title="Garduña">Garduña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigandage_in_southern_Italy_after_1861" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigandage in southern Italy after 1861">Italian brigandage (19th century)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Giuliano" title="Salvatore Giuliano">Sicilian brigandage and rebels (20th century)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala_del_Brenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mala del Brenta">Mala del Brenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ndrangheta" title="'Ndrangheta">'Ndrangheta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacra_Corona_Unita" title="Sacra Corona Unita">Sacra Corona Unita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stidda" title="Stidda">Stidda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuppagghiari" title="Stuppagghiari">Stuppagghiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendicatori" title="Vendicatori">Vendicatori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Cosa_Nostra" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cosa Nostra">American Cosa Nostra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_crime_in_Italy" title="Organized crime in Italy">Organized crime in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_bibliography" title="Mafia bibliography">Mafia bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crime_boss&oldid=1275490732">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crime_boss&oldid=1275490732</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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