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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Megahertz_myth" title="Special:EditPage/Megahertz myth">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Megahertz_myth" title="Talk:Megahertz myth">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox 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The specific problem is: <b>Section titles do not follow Manual of Style.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Megahertz_myth" title="Special:EditPage/Megahertz myth">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Megahertz_myth" title="Special:EditPage/Megahertz myth">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Megahertz+myth%22">"Megahertz myth"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Megahertz+myth%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Megahertz+myth%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Megahertz+myth%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Megahertz+myth%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Megahertz+myth%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megahertz_myth&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Usage of mere clock rate to compare performance of microprocessors</div> <p>The <b>megahertz myth</b>, or in more recent cases the <b>gigahertz myth</b>, refers to the misconception of only using <a href="/wiki/Clock_rate" title="Clock rate">clock rate</a> (for example measured in <a href="/wiki/Hertz#SI_multiples" title="Hertz">megahertz</a> or gigahertz) to compare the performance of different <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessors</a>. While clock rates are a valid way of comparing the performance of different speeds of the same model and type of processor, other factors such as an amount of <a href="/wiki/Execution_unit" title="Execution unit">execution units</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instruction_pipelining" title="Instruction pipelining">pipeline depth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cache_hierarchy" title="Cache hierarchy">cache hierarchy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branch_prediction" class="mw-redirect" title="Branch prediction">branch prediction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction set">instruction sets</a> can greatly affect the performance when considering different processors. For example, one processor may take two <a href="/wiki/Clock_cycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Clock cycles">clock cycles</a> to add two numbers and another clock cycle to multiply by a third number, whereas another processor may do the same calculation in two clock cycles. Comparisons between different types of processors are difficult because performance varies depending on the type of task. A <a href="/wiki/Benchmark_(computing)" title="Benchmark (computing)">benchmark</a> is a more thorough way of measuring and comparing <a href="/wiki/Computer_performance" title="Computer performance">computer performance</a>. </p><p>The myth started around 1984 when comparing the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The argument was that the IBM computer was five times faster than the Apple II, as its <a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">Intel 8088</a> processor had a clock speed roughly 4.7 times the clock speed of the <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">MOS Technology 6502</a> used in the latter. However, what really matters is not how finely divided a machine's instructions are, but how long it takes to complete a given task. Consider the LDA # (Load Accumulator Immediate) instruction. On a 6502 that instruction requires two clock cycles, or 2 μs at 1 MHz. Although the 4.77 MHz 8088's clock cycles are shorter, the LDA # needs at least<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4 of them, so it takes 4 / 4.77 MHz = 0.84 μs at least. So, at best, that instruction runs only a little more than 2 times as fast on the original IBM PC than on the Apple II. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megahertz_myth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_P1_Family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/KL_P1_Family.jpg/220px-KL_P1_Family.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/KL_P1_Family.jpg/330px-KL_P1_Family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/KL_P1_Family.jpg/440px-KL_P1_Family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1742" /></a><figcaption>Pentium 1 series processors</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> <a href="/wiki/Complex_instruction_set_computer" title="Complex instruction set computer">CISC</a> based <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> architecture which <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> introduced in 1978 was used as the standard for the <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> based <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a>, and developments of it still continue to dominate the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> market. An <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC</a> based architecture was used for the <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> CPU which was released in 1992. In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Macintosh</a> computers using these PowerPC CPUs. Initially, this architecture met hopes for performance, and different ranges of PowerPC CPUs were developed, often delivering different performances at the same clock rate. Similarly, at this time the <a href="/wiki/I486" title="I486">Intel 80486</a> was selling alongside the <a href="/wiki/Pentium_(original)" title="Pentium (original)">Pentium</a> which delivered almost twice the performance of the 80486 at the same clock rate.<sup id="cite_ref-x86VsPPC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x86VsPPC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The myth arose because the <a href="/wiki/Clock_rate" title="Clock rate">clock rate</a> was commonly taken as a simple measure of processor performance, and was promoted in advertising and by enthusiasts without taking into account other factors. The term came into use in the context of comparing PowerPC-based Apple Macintosh computers with Intel-based PCs. Marketing based on the myth led to the clock rate being given higher priority than actual performance and led to <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> introducing model numbers giving a notional clock rate based on comparative performance to overcome a perceived deficiency in their actual clock rate.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Comparisons between PowerPC and Pentium had become a staple of Apple presentations. At the New York City <a href="/wiki/Macworld_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld Expo">Macworld Expo</a> on July 18, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> in his "<a href="/wiki/Stevenote" title="Stevenote">Stevenote</a>" described an 867 MHz <a href="/wiki/PowerPC_G4" title="PowerPC G4">PowerPC G4</a> as completing a task in 45 seconds while a 1.7 GHz <a href="/wiki/Pentium_4" title="Pentium 4">Pentium 4</a> took 82 seconds for the same task, saying that "the name that we've given it is the megahertz myth".<sup id="cite_ref-A_Video_of_the_presentation_on_Megahertz_Myth_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Video_of_the_presentation_on_Megahertz_Myth-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then introduced senior hardware VP <a href="/wiki/Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a> who gave a tutorial describing how shorter <a href="/wiki/Instruction_pipelining" title="Instruction pipelining">pipelines</a> gave better performance at half the clock rate. The online cartoon <i><a href="/wiki/The_Joy_of_Tech" title="The Joy of Tech">The Joy of Tech</a></i> subsequently presented a series of cartoons inspired by Rubinstein's tutorial.<sup id="cite_ref-Joy_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joy-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Processor_speed_limits">Processor speed limits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megahertz_myth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Processor speed limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentium_4_Prescott_2.40GHz(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pentium_4_Prescott_2.40GHz%281%29.jpg/220px-Pentium_4_Prescott_2.40GHz%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pentium_4_Prescott_2.40GHz%281%29.jpg/330px-Pentium_4_Prescott_2.40GHz%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pentium_4_Prescott_2.40GHz%281%29.jpg/440px-Pentium_4_Prescott_2.40GHz%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>Pentium 4 processors had high clock speeds, resulting in high temperatures and high power use.</figcaption></figure> <p>From approximately 1995 to 2005, Intel advertised its Pentium mainstream processors primarily on the basis of clock speed alone, in comparison to competitor products from AMD. Press articles had predicted that computer processors may eventually run as fast as 10 to 20 gigahertz in the next several decades. </p><p>This continued up until about 2005, when the <a href="/wiki/Pentium_Extreme_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentium Extreme Edition">Pentium Extreme Edition</a> was reaching <a href="/wiki/CPU_power_dissipation" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU power dissipation">thermal dissipation</a> limits running at speeds of nearly 4 gigahertz. The processor could not go faster without requiring complex changes to the cooling design, such as <a href="/wiki/Microfluidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Microfluidic">microfluidic</a> cooling channels embedded within the chip itself to remove heat rapidly. </p><p>This was followed by the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Intel_Core_2" title="Intel Core 2">Core 2</a> desktop processor in 2006, which was a major change from previous Intel desktop processors, allowing nearly a 50% decrease in processor clock while retaining the same performance. </p><p>Core 2 had its beginnings in the <a href="/wiki/Pentium_M" title="Pentium M">Pentium M</a> mobile processor, where energy efficiency was more important than raw power, and initially offered power-saving options not available in the Pentium 4 and <a href="/wiki/Pentium_D" title="Pentium D">Pentium D</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Higher_frequencies">Higher frequencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megahertz_myth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Higher frequencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the succeeding years after the demise of the <a href="/wiki/NetBurst" title="NetBurst">NetBurst</a> microarchitecture and its 3+ GHz CPUs, microprocessor clock speeds kept slowly increasing after initially dropping by about 1 GHz. Several years' advances in manufacturing processes and power management (specifically, the ability to set clock speeds on a per-core basis) allowed for clock speeds as high or higher than the old NetBurst Pentium 4s and Pentium Ds but with much higher efficiency and performance. As of 2018, many Intel microprocessors are able to exceed a base clock speed of 4 GHz (Intel Core i7-7700K and i3-7350K have a base clock speed of 4.20 GHz, for example). </p><p>In 2011, AMD was first able to break the 4 GHz barrier for <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> microprocessors with the debut of the initial <a href="/wiki/Bulldozer_(microarchitecture)" title="Bulldozer (microarchitecture)">Bulldozer</a> based <a href="/wiki/AMD_FX" title="AMD FX">AMD FX</a> CPUs. In June 2013, AMD released the FX-9590 which can reach speeds of up to 5.0 GHz, but similar issues with power usage and heat output returned. </p><p>Neither Intel nor AMD produced the first microprocessor across the industry to break the 4 GHz and 5 GHz barriers. The <a href="/wiki/IBM_z10" title="IBM z10">IBM z10</a> achieved 4.4 GHz in 2008, and the <a href="/wiki/IBM_z196" title="IBM z196">IBM z196</a> achieved 5.2 GHz in 2010, followed by the <a href="/wiki/IBM_zEC12_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM zEC12 (microprocessor)">z12</a> achieving 5.5 GHz in Autumn 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megahertz_myth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BogoMips" title="BogoMips">BogoMips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructions_per_cycle" title="Instructions per cycle">Instructions per cycle</a> (IPC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_law" title="Moore's law">Moore's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Rating" title="Performance Rating">Performance Rating</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megahertz_myth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 8088 has a loosely-coupled Execution Unit (EU) and Bus Interface Unit (BIU), with a prefetch queue; in the 8088, to execute the MOV AL,# instruction, similar in function to the LDA # instruction of the 6502, the EU requires 4 clock cycles, but the BIU requires 8 clock cycles. (It is a 2-byte instruction, and the BIU requires 4 clock cycles to read or write 1 byte, assuming no wait states.) Therefore, if the instruction is already in the prefetch queue, it takes 4 clock cycles to execute; if the instruction has not been prefetched, it takes 8 clock cycles; and if the BIU is in the process of prefetching the instruction when the EU begins to execute it, it takes 5 to 7 clock cycles. In contrast, the 6502, which has a much simpler fetch-execute pipeline, always takes the same number of clock cycles to execute a given instruction in any context.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-x86VsPPC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-x86VsPPC_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osnews.com/story/3997">"Analysis: x86 Vs PPC"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis%3A+x86+Vs+PPC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osnews.com%2Fstory%2F3997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegahertz+myth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_Smith2002" class="citation web cs1">Tony Smith (February 28, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2002/feb/28/onlinesupplement3">"Megahertz myth : Technology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Megahertz+myth+%3A+Technology&rft.date=2002-02-28&rft.au=Tony+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2002%2Ffeb%2F28%2Fonlinesupplement3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegahertz+myth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Video_of_the_presentation_on_Megahertz_Myth-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_Video_of_the_presentation_on_Megahertz_Myth_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3WnXaWjQYE">"A video of Megahertz Myth presentation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/I3WnXaWjQYE">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=A+video+of+Megahertz+Myth+presentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DI3WnXaWjQYE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegahertz+myth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joy-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joy_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNitrozac_and_Snaggy2001" class="citation web cs1">Nitrozac and Snaggy (2001-10-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geekculture.net/joyoftech/joyarchives/243.html">"The Megahertz Myth"</a>. The Joy of Tech<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Megahertz+Myth&rft.pub=The+Joy+of+Tech&rft.date=2001-10-11&rft.au=Nitrozac+and+Snaggy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeekculture.net%2Fjoyoftech%2Fjoyarchives%2F243.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegahertz+myth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megahertz_myth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osnews.com/story/3997/analysis-x86-vs-ppc/">Analysis: x86 Vs PPC – OSNews.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/05/07/intel_cancels_tejas/">Intel to 'ditch' Pentium 4 core after Prescott</a> 2004 news article</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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