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Nitrogen - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat-sifat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat-sifat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sifat-sifat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sifat-sifat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sifat-sifat</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sifat-sifat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Atom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Isotop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_dan_senyawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_dan_senyawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kimia dan senyawa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kimia_dan_senyawa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Kimia dan senyawa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kimia_dan_senyawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alotrop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alotrop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Alotrop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alotrop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kompleks_dinitrogen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kompleks_dinitrogen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kompleks dinitrogen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kompleks_dinitrogen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kompleks_nitrida,_azida,_dan_nitrido" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kompleks_nitrida,_azida,_dan_nitrido"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kompleks nitrida, azida, dan nitrido</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kompleks_nitrida,_azida,_dan_nitrido-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Hidrida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halida_dan_oksohalida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halida_dan_oksohalida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Halida dan oksohalida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halida_dan_oksohalida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oksida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oksida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Oksida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oksida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asam_okso,_oksoanion,_dan_garam_dari_asam_okso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asam_okso,_oksoanion,_dan_garam_dari_asam_okso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Asam okso, oksoanion, dan garam dari asam okso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asam_okso,_oksoanion,_dan_garam_dari_asam_okso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa_nitrogen_organik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_nitrogen_organik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Senyawa nitrogen organik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_nitrogen_organik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterjadian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterjadian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Keterjadian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keterjadian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Produksi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aplikasi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Aplikasi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Gas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cairan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cairan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cairan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cairan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keselamatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keselamatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Keselamatan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Keselamatan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Keselamatan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Keselamatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gas_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Gas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cairan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cairan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Cairan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cairan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrogen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 191 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-191" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">191 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stikstof" title="Stikstof – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stikstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stickstoff" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%8C%85%E1%8A%95" title="ናይትሮጅን – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናይትሮጅን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrocheno" title="Nitrocheno – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nitrocheno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="नाइट्रोजन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नाइट्रोजन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="نيتروجين – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيتروجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B7" title="أزوط – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أزوط" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="نيتروجين – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيتروجين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%27%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="নাইট্ৰ'জেন – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাইট্ৰ'জেন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitr%C3%B3xenu" title="Nitróxenu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nitróxenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot" title="Azot – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azot" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="نیتروژن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیتروژن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrog%C3%A9n" title="Nitrogén – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nitrogén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azuots" title="Azuots – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Azuots" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroheno" title="Nitroheno – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nitroheno" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="नाइट्रोजन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नाइट्रोजन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="နုဲက်ထရိုစဲန် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နုဲက်ထရိုစဲန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="নাইট্রোজেন – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাইট্রোজেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཟེ་རླུང་། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཟེ་རླུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dušik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2ng" title="Dâng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroheno" title="Nitroheno – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nitroheno" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%A0%E1%8F%A4%E1%8F%82" title="ᎾᎢᏠᏤᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎾᎢᏠᏤᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نایترۆجین – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نایترۆجین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotu" title="Azotu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Azotu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot" title="Azot – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Azot" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dus%C3%ADk" title="Dusík – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dusík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C3%A6lstof" title="Kvælstof – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvælstof" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stickstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Άζωτο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άζωτο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nitrogeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitr%C3%B3geno" title="Nitrógeno – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nitrógeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mmastik" title="Lämmastik – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lämmastik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nitrogeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="نیتروژن – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیتروژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typpi" title="Typpi – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Typpi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B8vievni" title="Køvievni – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Køvievni" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azote" title="Azote – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Azote" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stikstoof" title="Stikstoof – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stikstoof" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%B4t" title="Azôt – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Azôt" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stikstof" title="Stikstof – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stikstof" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADtrigin" title="Nítrigin – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nítrigin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="氮" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%B2t" title="Azòt – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Azòt" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naitridean" title="Naitridean – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Naitridean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitr%C3%B3xeno" title="Nitróxeno – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nitróxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitr%C3%B3geno" title="Nitrógeno – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Nitrógeno" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8" title="નાઇટ્રોજન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નાઇટ્રોજન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neetragien" title="Neetragien – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Neetragien" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tham" title="Tham – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tham" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naikokene" title="Naikokene – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Naikokene" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9F" title="חנקן – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חנקן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="नाइट्रोजन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाइट्रोजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dušik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusyk" title="Dusyk – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Dusyk" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%B2t" title="Azòt – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Azòt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrog%C3%A9n" title="Nitrogén – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nitrogén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%BF" title="Ազոտ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազոտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Բորակածին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բորակածին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nitrogeno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroheno" title="Nitroheno – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Nitroheno" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro" title="Nitro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nitro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6fnunarefni" title="Köfnunarefni – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Köfnunarefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Azoto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0" title="窒素 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="窒素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naichojen" title="Naichojen – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Naichojen" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/trano" title="trano – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="trano" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="აზოტი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აზოტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C9%94%C9%94t%C9%A9" title="Azɔɔtɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Azɔɔtɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95" title="ಸಾರಜನಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಾರಜನಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%86%8C" title="질소 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="질소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Stickstoff" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AEtrojen" title="Nîtrojen – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîtrojen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrojen" title="Nitrojen – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nitrojen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenium" title="Nitrogenium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nitrogenium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A9ckstoff" title="Stéckstoff – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stéckstoff" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrojen" title="Nitrojen – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nitrojen" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stikstof" title="Stikstof – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stikstof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Azoto" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot" title="Azot – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Azot" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Azoto" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoti" title="Azoti – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Azoti" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%99" title="ໄນໂຕຣເຈນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄນໂຕຣເຈນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotas" title="Azotas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Azotas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C4%81peklis" title="Slāpeklis – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Slāpeklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%B4ta" title="Azôta – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Azôta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauota" title="Hauota – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hauota" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB" title="നൈട്രജൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൈട്രജൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯅꯥꯢꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯥꯢꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="नत्रवायू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नत्रवायू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro%C4%A1enu" title="Nitroġenu – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Nitroġenu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="နိုက်ထရိုဂျင် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုက်ထရိုဂျင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Stickstoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="नाइट्रोजन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नाइट्रोजन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="नाइट्रोजन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नाइट्रोजन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stikstof_(element)" title="Stikstof (element) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stikstof (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogene" title="Nitrogene – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Nitrogene" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%B2t" title="Azòt – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Azòt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot" title="Azot – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Azot" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naayitiroojiinii" title="Naayitiroojiinii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Naayitiroojiinii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଯବକ୍ଷାରଜାନ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଯବକ୍ଷାରଜାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਨਾਈਟਰੋਜਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਈਟਰੋਜਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrohenu" title="Nitrohenu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Nitrohenu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Nitrogeno" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="नाइट्रोजन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="नाइट्रोजन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot" title="Azot – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azot" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C3%B2t" title="Asòt – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Asòt" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="نائیٹروجن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نائیٹروجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="نايتروجن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نايتروجن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Azoto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qullpachaq" title="Qullpachaq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qullpachaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot" title="Azot – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Azot" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotu" title="Azotu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Azotu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="नैट्रोजन् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नैट्रोजन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱚᱡᱟᱹᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱚᱡᱟᱹᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotu" title="Azotu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Azotu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azzotu" title="Azzotu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Azzotu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="نائٽروجن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نائٽروجن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dušik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="නයිට්රජන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නයිට්රජන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dus%C3%ADk" title="Dusík – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dusík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="نائٹروجن – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="نائٹروجن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dušik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typpi" title="Typpi – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Typpi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azote" title="Azote – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Azote" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrojiin" title="Nitrojiin – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nitrojiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoti" title="Azoti – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Azoti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stikstof" title="Stikstof – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Stikstof" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrog%C3%A9n" title="Nitrogén – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nitrogén" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C3%A4ve" title="Kväve – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kväve" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrojeni" title="Nitrojeni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nitrojeni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="நைட்ரசன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நைட்ரசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="నత్రజని – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నత్రజని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Нитроген – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нитроген" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="ไนโตรเจน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไนโตรเจน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrohino" title="Nitrohino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nitrohino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot" title="Azot – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ئازوت – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئازوت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Азот" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="نائٹروجن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نائٹروجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot" title="Azot – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Azot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Azoto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot" title="Azot – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Azot" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nit%C6%A1" title="Nitơ – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nitơ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrin" title="Nitrin – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nitrin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrodjinne" title="Nitrodjinne – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Nitrodjinne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroheno" title="Nitroheno – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nitroheno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氮" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;"><sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">7</span></sub>N</div>Nitrogen</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Liquidnitrogen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liquidnitrogen.jpg/220px-Liquidnitrogen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liquidnitrogen.jpg/330px-Liquidnitrogen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liquidnitrogen.jpg/440px-Liquidnitrogen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_cair" title="Nitrogen cair">Nitrogen cair</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg/220px-Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg/330px-Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg/440px-Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="63" /></a></span> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum nitrogen</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#e7ff8f">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">/nitrogèn/<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Alotropi" title="Alotropi">Alotrop</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alotrop_nitrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alotrop nitrogen (halaman belum tersedia)">alotrop nitrogen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">gas/cairan/padatan tak berwarna</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#e7ff8f">Nitrogen dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_007_Nitrogen.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 007 Nitrogen.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Electron_shell_007_Nitrogen.svg/50px-Electron_shell_007_Nitrogen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Electron_shell_007_Nitrogen.svg/75px-Electron_shell_007_Nitrogen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Electron_shell_007_Nitrogen.svg/100px-Electron_shell_007_Nitrogen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">7</span></sub>N</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Hidrogen</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Helium</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Lithium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Berilium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Boron</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Karbon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Nitrogen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oksigen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fluor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Neon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Natrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Magnesium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Aluminium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Silikon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fosfor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Sulfur</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Clor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Argon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Potasium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Kalsium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Skandium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Titanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Vanadium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Chromium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Mangan</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Besi</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cobalt</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Nikel</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tembaga</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Seng</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Gallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Germanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Arsen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Selen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bromin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Kripton</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Rubidium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Strontium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Yttrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Zirconium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Niobium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Molybdenum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Technetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Ruthenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Palladium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Silver</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cadmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Indium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Antimony</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tellurium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Iodine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Xenon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Caesium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Barium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Lanthanum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Cerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Praseodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Promethium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Samarium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Europium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Gadolinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Terbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Dysprosium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Holmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Erbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thulium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Ytterbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lutetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hafnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tantalum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tungsten</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Osmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Iridium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Platinum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Gold</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Mercury (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Thallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Lead</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bismuth</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Polonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Astatine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Francium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Radium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Actinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Protactinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Uranium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neptunium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Plutonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Americium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Curium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Berkelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Californium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Einsteinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Fermium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Mendelevium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Nobelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lawrencium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rutherfordium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Dubnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Seaborgium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Bohrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Meitnerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Darmstadtium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Roentgenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Copernicium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nihonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Flerovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Moscovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Livermorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tennessine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oganesson</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">–<br />↑<br /><strong>N</strong><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> ← <strong>nitrogen</strong> → <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">golongan 15 (pniktogen)</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode 2</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-p" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-p">blok-p</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span title="color legend: nonlogam diatomik" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#e7ff8f"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">nonlogam diatomik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a><span style="font-weight:normal;"> (<i>A</i><sub>r</sub>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001140064300000000♠"></span>14,00643</span>, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001140072800000000♠"></span>14,00728</span>]</li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001140070000000000♠"></span>14,007<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0,001</span> (diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a>] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>3</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 5</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#e7ff8f">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0 °C dan 101,325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">(N<sub>2</sub>) 63,23<sup id="cite_ref-CRC71_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC71-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> ​(−209,86<sup id="cite_ref-CRC71_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC71-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> °C, ​−345,75<sup id="cite_ref-CRC71_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC71-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">(N<sub>2</sub>) 77,355 K ​(−195,795 °C, ​−320,431 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kerapatan</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(pada STS)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1,2506 g/L<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pada 0 °C, 1013 mbar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><span style="font-weight:normal;">saat cair, pada <abbr title="titik didih">t.d.</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,808 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_tripel" title="Titik tripel">Titik tripel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">63,151 K, ​12,52 kPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_kritis_(termodinamika)" title="Titik kritis (termodinamika)">Titik kritis</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">126,21 K, 3,39 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">(N<sub>2</sub>) 0,72 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">(N<sub>2</sub>) 5,57 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">(N<sub>2</sub>) 29,124 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap"><b>Tekanan uap</b></a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><i><abbr title="Suhu (Pascal)">P</abbr></i> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(Pa)</span> </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>pada <i><abbr title="Suhu (Kelvin)">T</abbr></i> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(K)</span> </th> <td>37 </td> <td>41 </td> <td>46 </td> <td>53 </td> <td>62 </td> <td>77 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#e7ff8f">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span style="font-size:112%;"><b>−3</b></span>, −2, −1, 0,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> +1, +2, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+3</b></span>, +4, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+5</b></span> (oksida <a href="/wiki/Asam" title="Asam">asam</a> kuat)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala Pauling: 3,04 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1: 1402,3 kJ/mol <br />ke-2: 2856 kJ/mol <br />ke-3: 4578,1 kJ/mol <br />(<a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi_molar#nitrogen" title="Energi ionisasi molar">artikel</a>) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">71±1 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_van_der_Waals" title="Jari-jari van der Waals">Jari-jari van der Waals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">155 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#e7ff8f">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> ​<a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_heksagon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem kristal heksagon">heksagon</a><div style="float:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hexagonal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Hexagonal untuk nitrogen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/50px-Hexagonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/75px-Hexagonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/100px-Hexagonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">353 <a href="/wiki/Meter_per_detik" title="Meter per detik">m/s</a> (gas, suhu 27 °C)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">25,83<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup> W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">17778-88-0 <br />7727-37-9 (N<sub>2</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#e7ff8f">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rutherford" title="Daniel Rutherford">D. Rutherford</a><span class="nowrap"> (1772)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Asal nama</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Chaptal" title="Jean-Antoine Chaptal">J. Chaptal</a><span class="nowrap"> (1790)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#e7ff8f"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_nitrogen" title="Isotop nitrogen">Isotop nitrogen</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Iso­top</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelim­pahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Pro­duk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>13</sup>N </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Radioisotop_sintetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotop sintetik">sintetis</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,965 mnt </td> <td>ε </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon-13" title="Karbon-13"><sup>13</sup>C</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>14</sup>N </th> <td style="text-align:right">99,634% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>15</sup>N </th> <td style="text-align:right">0,366% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #e7ff8f; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_nitrogen" title="Templat:Kotak info nitrogen"><span title="Lihat templat ini">lihat</span></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_nitrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info nitrogen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Diskusikan templat ini">bicara</span></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_nitrogen&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">sunting</span></a></li></ul></div>| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627" class="extiw" title="d:Q627">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nitrogen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: <span lang="la"><i>nitrogenium</i></span>), yang juga disebut <b>zat lemas</b>, adalah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Lambang_unsur" title="Lambang unsur">lambang</a> <b>N</b> dan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 7. Unsur ini pertama kali ditemukan dan diisolasi oleh dokter berkebangsaan Skotlandia <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rutherford" title="Daniel Rutherford">Daniel Rutherford</a> pada tahun 1772. Meskipun <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a> secara terpisah telah melakukan hal yang sama di kisaran waktu yang sama pula, Rutherford secara umum sesuai untuk menerima penghargaan tersebut karena karyanya dipublikasikan pertama kali. Nama <i>nitrogen</i> diusulkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine-Claude_Chaptal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal">Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal</a> pada tahun 1790, ketika ia menemukan bahwa nitrogen hadir dalam <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a> dan senyawa <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a>; nama ini diturunkan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>: <span lang="el">νἰτρον</span> "<a href="/wiki/Nitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitre">nitre</a>" dan -γεννᾶν "membentuk". <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> malah mengusulkan nama <i><b>azote</b></i>, dari bahasa Yunani άζωτικός "tak hidup", karena unsur itu termasuk <a href="/wiki/Gas_asfiksia" title="Gas asfiksia">gas asfiksia</a>; nama usulan Lavoisier malah digunakan di banyak bahasa, seperti <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>, dan muncul dalam dua nama bahasa Inggris untuk beberapa senyawa nitrogen seperti <a href="/wiki/Hidrazin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrazin">hidrazin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azida" title="Azida">azida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_azo" title="Senyawa azo">azo</a>. </p><p>Nitrogen adalah anggota paling ringan dari <a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">golongan 15</a> tabel periodik, sering kali disebut pniktogen. Nama tersebut berasal dari bahasa Yuniani πνίγειν "tersedak", merujuk langsung kepada sifat asfiksiasi nitrogen. Nitrogen adalah unsur umum dalam <a href="/wiki/Alam_semesta" title="Alam semesta">alam semesta</a>, diperkirakan berada pada urutan ke-7 total kelimpahan dalam galaksi <a href="/wiki/Bima_Sakti" title="Bima Sakti">Bima Sakti</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a>. Pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu_dan_tekanan_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Suhu dan tekanan standar">suhu dan tekanan standar</a>, dua atom unsur ini <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia">berikatan</a> membentuk <b>dinitrogen</b>, suatu <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekul_diatomik" title="Molekul diatomik">diatomik</a> yang tak berwarna dan tak berbau, dengan rumus kimia N<sub>2</sub>. Dinitrogen membentuk sekitar 78% <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfer bumi">atmosfer bumi</a>, membuatnya sebagai unsur mandiri yang paling melimpah. Nitrogen terdapat dalam semua organisme, terutama dalam <a href="/wiki/Asam_amino" title="Asam amino">asam amino</a> (dan juga <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> tentunya), dalam <a href="/wiki/Asam_nukleat" title="Asam nukleat">asam nukleat</a> (<a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a> dan <a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a>) serta dalam molekul pemindah energi <a href="/wiki/Adenosin_trifosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenosin trifosfat">adenosin trifosfat</a> (ATP). <a href="/wiki/Komposisi_tubuh_manusia" title="Komposisi tubuh manusia">Tubuh manusia mengandung</a> sekitar 3% nitrogen (berdasarkan massa), dan merupakan unsur paling melimpah ke-4 di dalam tubuh setelah <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Siklus_nitrogen" title="Siklus nitrogen">Siklus nitrogen</a> menjelaskan pergerakan unsur dari udara, memasuki <a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">biosfer</a> dan senyawa organik, kemudian kembali ke <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfer">atmosfer</a>. </p><p>Banyak senyawa yang penting untuk <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a>, nitrat organik (<a href="/wiki/Propelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Propelan">propelan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahan_peledak" title="Bahan peledak">bahan peledak</a>), serta <a href="/wiki/Sianida" title="Sianida">sianida</a>, mengandung nitrogen. <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_rangkap_tiga" title="Ikatan rangkap tiga">Ikatan rangkap tiga</a> yang sangat kuat dalam nitrogen elementer (N≡N), ikatan paling kuat kedua dalam <a href="/wiki/Molekul_diatomik" title="Molekul diatomik">molekul diatomik</a> setelah <a href="/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida">karbon monoksida</a> (CO),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mendominasi kimia nitrogen. Hal ini menyebabkan kesulitan untuk baik organisme maupun industri dalam mengubah N<sub>2</sub> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">senyawa</a> yang bermanfaat, tetapi di saat yang sama, membakar, meledakkan, atau menguraikan senyawa nitrogen untuk membentuk <b>gas nitrogen</b> akan melepaskan energi dalam jumlah besar yang sering kali bemanfaat. Amonia dan nitrat sintetis adalah <a href="/wiki/Pupuk" title="Pupuk">pupuk</a> industri utama, dan pupuk nitrat adalah <a href="/wiki/Polutan" title="Polutan">polutan</a> utama dalam <a href="/wiki/Eutrofikasi" title="Eutrofikasi">eutrofikasi</a> sistem air. </p><p>Terlepas dari penggunaannya sebagai pupuk dan penyimpan energi, nitrogen adalah konstituen beragam senyawa organik seperti <a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a> yang digunakan dalam kain berkekuatan tinggi dan <a href="/wiki/Sianoakrilat" title="Sianoakrilat">sianoakrilat</a> yang digunakan dalam <i>superglue</i>. Nitrogen adalah konstituen dari semua kelas obat farmakologi utama, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Antibiotika" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotika">antibiotika</a>. Banyak obat atau <a href="/wiki/Prodrug" class="mw-redirect" title="Prodrug">prodrug</a> meniru <a href="/wiki/Pensinyalan_sel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensinyalan sel">molekul sinyal</a> alami yang mengandung nitrogen: contohnya, nitrat organik <a href="/wiki/Nitrogliserin" title="Nitrogliserin">nitrogliserin</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nitroprusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitroprusida">nitroprusida</a> mengendalikan <a href="/wiki/Tekanan_darah" title="Tekanan darah">tekanan darah</a> dengan memetabolisme menjadi <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_monoksida" title="Dinitrogen monoksida">dinitrogen monoksida</a>. Banyak obat penting yang mengandung nitrogen, seperti <a href="/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina">kafeina</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Morfin" title="Morfin">morfin</a> alami atau <a href="/wiki/Amfetamin" title="Amfetamin">amfetamin</a> sintetis, bertindak selaku reseptor <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmiter" title="Neurotransmiter">neurotransmiter</a> hewan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rutherford_Daniel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rutherford_Daniel.jpg/220px-Rutherford_Daniel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rutherford_Daniel.jpg/330px-Rutherford_Daniel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Rutherford_Daniel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rutherford" title="Daniel Rutherford">Daniel Rutherford</a>, penemu nitrogen</figcaption></figure> <p>Senyawa nitrogen memiliki sejarah panjang, <a href="/wiki/Amonium_klorida" title="Amonium klorida">amonium klorida</a> telah dikenal oleh <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>. Mereka terkenal pada Abad Pertengahan. <a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">Alkimiawan</a> mengetahui asam nitrat sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_fortis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqua fortis">aqua fortis</a></i> (air kuat), dan juga senyawa nitrogen lainnya seperti garam <a href="/wiki/Amonium" title="Amonium">amonium</a> dan garam <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a>. Campuran asam nitrat dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">asam klorida</a> dikenal sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_regia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqua regia">aqua regia</a></i> (air raja), untuk merayakan kemampuannya melarutkan <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, raja para logam.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood406_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood406-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penemuan nitrogen dianugerahkan kepada dokter berkebangsaan Skotlandia <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rutherford" title="Daniel Rutherford">Daniel Rutherford</a> pada tahun 1772, yang menyebutnya sebagai <i>udara berbahaya</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>noxious air</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weeks_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weeks-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun ia tidak mengakuinya sebagai zat kimia yang sepenuhnya berbeda, ia dengan tegas membedakannya dari <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black#Karbon_dioksida" title="Joseph Black">"udara tetap"nya</a> Joseph Black, atau karbon dioksida.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fakta bahwa terdapat komponen udara yang tidak mendukung <a href="/wiki/Pembakaran" class="mw-disambig" title="Pembakaran">pembakaran</a> sudah cukup jelas bagi Rutherford, meskipun dia tidak menyadari bahwa itu adalah sebuah unsur. Nitrogen juga diteliti di saat yang sama oleh <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang merujuknya sebagai <i>udara terbakar</i> atau <a href="/wiki/Teori_flogiston" title="Teori flogiston"><i>udara terflogistikasi</i></a>. Gas nitrogen cukup <a href="/wiki/Inert" class="mw-redirect" title="Inert">inert</a> sehingga dirujuk oleh <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> sebagai "<a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/mephitic_air" class="extiw" title="wikt:mephitic air">udara mefitik</a>" atau <i>azote</i>, dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>: <span lang="el">άζωτικός</span> (azotikos), "tak hidup".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam atmosfer yang berisi nitrogen murni, hewan mati dan api padam. Meskipun nama usulan Lavoisier tidak diterima dalam bahasa Inggris, karena itu menuduh bahwa hampir semua gas (tentu saja dengan oksigen sebagai satu-satunya pengecualian) adalah mefitik, nama tersebut digunakan dalam banyak bahasa (Prancis, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Rusia, Albania, Turki, dll.; dalam bahasa Jerman <i>Stickstoff</i> merujuk ke karakteristik yang sama, yaitu <i>sticken</i> "tersedak atau tercekik") dan tetap bertahan dalam bahasa Inggris dalam nama yang umum untuk banyak senyawa nitrogen seperti <a href="/wiki/Hidrazin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrazin">hidrazin</a> dan senyawa dari ion <a href="/wiki/Azida" title="Azida">azida</a>. Akhirnya, ini mengarah ke nama "<a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">pniktogen</a> untuk golongan dalam tabel periodik yang dimulai oleh nitrogen, dari bahasa Yunani πνίγειν "tersedak".<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood406_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood406-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Istilah bahasa Inggris nitrogen (1794) masuk dari bahasa Prancis <i>nitrogène</i>, diciptakan pada tahun 1790 oleh kimiawan Prancis <a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Chaptal" title="Jean-Antoine Chaptal">Jean-Antoine Chaptal</a> (1756-1832),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dari bahasa Prancis <i><a href="/wiki/Niter" title="Niter">nitre</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Kalium_nitrat" title="Kalium nitrat">kalium nitrat</a>, juga disebut <a href="/wiki/Saltpeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltpeter">saltpeter</a>) dan bahasa Prancis <i>-gene</i>, "membuat", dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>: <span lang="el">-γενής</span> (-genes, "produsen, yang menghasilkan"). Maksud Chaptal adalah bahwa nitrogen merupakan bagian esensial dari <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a>, yang pada gilirannya merupakan produk dari niter. Pada masa-masa awal, niter dirancukan dengan istilah Mesir "natron" (<a href="/wiki/Natrium_karbonat" title="Natrium karbonat">natrium karbonat</a>) — yang disebut νίτρον (nitron) dalam bahasa Yunani — yang, terlepas dari namanya, tidak mengandung nitrat.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aplikasi awal senyawa nitrogen pada bidang militer, industri, dan pertanian menggunakan saltpeter (<a href="/wiki/Natrium_nitrat" title="Natrium nitrat">natrium nitrat</a> atau kalium nitrat), paling penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Bubuk_mesiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubuk mesiu">bubuk mesiu</a>, dan kemudian sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pupuk" title="Pupuk">pupuk</a>. Pada tahun 1910, <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_Baron_Rayleigh_ke-3" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Strutt, Baron Rayleigh ke-3">Lord Rayleigh</a> menemukan bahwa debit listrik dalam gas nitrogen menghasilkan "nitrogen aktif", suatu <a href="/wiki/Alotropi" title="Alotropi">alotrop</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoatomik">monoatomik</a> nitrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Awan berputar dari cahaya kuning cemerlang" yang dihasilkan oleh peralatannya direaksikan dengan <a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">raksa</a> untuk menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Raksa_nitrida" title="Raksa nitrida">raksa nitrida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Untuk waktu yang lama, sumber senyawa nitrogen terbatas. Sumber daya alami berasal dari hayati atau deposit nitrat yang dihasilkan oleh reaksi atmosferik. <a href="/wiki/Fiksasi_nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiksasi nitrogen">Fiksasi nitrogen</a> oleh proses industri seperti <a href="/wiki/Proses_Frank%E2%80%93Caro" title="Proses Frank–Caro">proses Frank–Caro</a> (1895-1899) dan <a href="/wiki/Proses_Haber%E2%80%93Bosch" class="mw-redirect" title="Proses Haber–Bosch">proses Haber–Bosch</a> (1908-1913) meredakan kekurangan senyawa nitrogen, hingga setengah dari <a href="/wiki/Produksi_pangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Produksi pangan">produksi pangan</a> global (lihat aplikasi) sekarang bergantung pada pupuk nitrogen sintetis.<sup id="cite_ref-Haber100_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haber100-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada waktu yang sama, penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Proses_Ostwald" title="Proses Ostwald">proses Ostwald</a> (1902) untuk menghasilkan nitrat dari fiksasi nitrogen industrial memungkinkan produksi industri nitrat berskala besar sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bahan_baku" title="Bahan baku">bahan baku</a> dalam fabrikasi <a href="/wiki/Bahan_peledak" title="Bahan peledak">bahan peledak</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Dunia">Perang Dunia</a> abad ke-20.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat-sifat">Sifat-sifat</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atom">Atom</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Neon_orbitals.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Neon_orbitals.png/350px-Neon_orbitals.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Neon_orbitals.png/525px-Neon_orbitals.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Neon_orbitals.png/700px-Neon_orbitals.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Bentuk dari lima orbital nitrogen yang terisi. Dua warna menunjukkan fase atau tanda fungsi gelombang di masing-masing region. Dari kiri ke kanan: 1s, 2s (diagram untuk menunjukkan struktur internal), 2p<sub><i>x</i></sub>, 2p<sub><i>y</i></sub>, 2p<sub><i>Z</i></sub>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Atom nitrogen memiliki tujuh elektron. Dalam keadaan dasar, mereka teratur dalam konfigurasi elektron 1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">1</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;"><i>x</i></span></span>2p<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">1</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;"><i>y</i></span></span>2p<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">1</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;"><i>z</i></span></span>. Oleh karena itu, ada lima <a href="/wiki/Elektron_valensi" title="Elektron valensi">elektron valensi</a> dalam orbital 2s dan 2p, tiga di antaranya (elektron p) tidak berpasangan. Ia adalah salah satu unsur dengan <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">elektronegativitas</a> tertinggi di antara unsur-unsur (3,04 pada skala Pauling), hanya dilampaui oleh <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">klorin</a> (3.16), <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> (3,44), dan <a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">fluor</a> (3,98).<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood411-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sesuai tren periodik, <a href="/wiki/Radius_kovalen" class="mw-redirect" title="Radius kovalen">radius kovalen</a> ikatan tunggalnya 71 pm, lebih kecil daripada <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a> (84 pm) dan <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> (76 pm), tetapi lebih besar daripada oksigen (66 pm) dan fluor (57 pm). Anion <a href="/wiki/Nitrida" title="Nitrida">nitrida</a>, N<sup>3−</sup> jauh lebih besar, 146 pm, serupa dengan anion <a href="/wiki/Oksida" title="Oksida">oksida</a> (O<sup>2−</sup>: 140 pm) dan <a href="/wiki/Fluorida" title="Fluorida">fluorida</a> (F<sup>−</sup>: 133 pm).<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood411-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiga energi ionisasi pertama nitrogen masing-masing 1,402; 2,856; dan 4,577 MJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>, dan jumlah dari energi ionisasi keempat dan kelima adalah 16,920 MJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>. Nitrogen tidak memiliki kimia kation sederhana, karena angka yang sangat tinggi ini.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood550_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood550-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kurangnya nodus radial di subkelopak 2p secara langsung bertanggung jawab atas banyak sifat anomali dari baris pertama <a href="/wiki/Blok-p" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-p">blok-p</a>, terutama pada nitrogen, oksigen, dan fluor. Subkelopak 2p sangat kecil dan memiliki radius yang sangat mirip dengan kelopak 2s, sehingga memfasilitasi <a href="/wiki/Hibridisasi_orbital" title="Hibridisasi orbital">hibridisasi orbital</a>. Hal ini juga menghasilkan gaya tarik elektrostatik yang sangat besar antara inti dan elektron valensi pada kelopak 2s dan 2p, menghasilkan elektronegativitas yang sangat tinggi. <a href="/wiki/Molekul_hipervalen" title="Molekul hipervalen">Hipervalensi</a> hampir tidak dikenal dalam unsur 2p dengan alasan yang sama, karena elektronegativitas yang tinggi menyulitkan atom nitrogen kecil untuk menjadi atom sentral pada <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_empat_elektron_tiga_pusat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikatan empat elektron tiga pusat">ikatan empat elektron tiga pusat</a> yang kaya elektron karena akan cenderung menarik elektron dengan kuat pada dirinya sendiri. Jadi, terlepas dari posisi nitrogen di kepala golongan 15 tabel periodik, kimianya menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat besar daripada kongenernya yang lebih berat <a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">fosforus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaupp_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaupp-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nitrogen dapat bermanfaat dibandingkan dengan tetangga horisontalnya karbon dan oksigen serta tetangga vertikalnya pada kolom pniktogen (fosforus, arsen, antimon, dan bismut). Meskipun masing-masing unsur periode 2 dari litium sampai nitrogen menunjukkan beberapa kemiripan dengan unsur periode 3 pada golongan berikutnya dari magnesium hingga belerang (dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_diagonal" title="Hubungan diagonal">hubungan diagonal</a>), derajat mereka turun dengan tiba-tiba melewati pasangan boron-silikon, sehingga kesamaan nitrogen dengan belerang sebagian besar terbatas pada senyawa cincin nitrida belerang ketika dari kedua unsur tersebut hanya satu yang ada. Nitrogen jauh lebih menyerupai oksigen daripada karbon dengan elektronegativitas tinggi seiring dengan kemampuannya untuk ber<a href="/wiki/Ikatan_hidrogen" title="Ikatan hidrogen">ikatan hidrogen</a> sekaligus membentuk <a href="/wiki/Kompleks_koordinasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompleks koordinasi">kompleks koordinasi</a> dengan menyumbangkan <a href="/wiki/Pasangan_elektron_sunyi" title="Pasangan elektron sunyi">pasangan elektron sunyinya</a>. Ini tidak berbagi kecenderungan karbon untuk <a href="/wiki/Katenasi" title="Katenasi">katenasi</a>, dengan rantai nitrogen terpanjang yang belum ditemukan hanya terdiri dari delapan atom nitrogen (PhN=N–N(Ph)–N=N–N(Ph)–N=NPh). Satu sifat nitrogen yang dibagi dengan kedua tetangga horisontalnya adalah ciri khasnya membentuk beberapa ikatan, biasanya dengan atom karbon, nitrogen, atau oksigen, melalui interaksi p<sub><i>π</i></sub>–p<sub><i>π</i></sub>; dengan demikian, misalnya, nitrogen terjadi sebagai molekul diatomik dan karenanya memiliki <a href="/wiki/Titik_leleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Titik leleh">titik leleh</a> (−210 °C) dan <a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">didih</a> (−196 °C) yang jauh lebih rendah daripada unsur lainnya yang segolongan, karena molekul N<sub>2</sub> hanya disatukan oleh <a href="/wiki/Interaksi_van_Der_Waals" class="mw-redirect" title="Interaksi van Der Waals">interaksi van Der Waals</a> yang lemah dan hanya ada sedikit elektron yang tersedia untuk seketika menciptakan dipol yang signifikan. Sifat ini tidak mungkin bagi tetangga vertikalnya; dengan demikian, senyawa <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen oksida">nitrogen oksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrit" title="Nitrit">nitrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_nitro" title="Senyawa nitro">nitro</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso">nitroso</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_azo" title="Senyawa azo">azo</a>-, dan <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_diazonium" title="Senyawa diazonium">diazo</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Azida" title="Azida">azida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sianat" title="Sianat">sianat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiosianat" title="Tiosianat">tiosianat</a>, dan turunan <a href="/wiki/Imino" class="mw-redirect" title="Imino">imino</a> tidak menggema ke <a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">fosforus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a>. Namun, dengan cara yang sama, kompleksitas asam okso fosforus tidak menggema dengan nitrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotop">Isotop</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_nitrogen" title="Isotop nitrogen">Isotop nitrogen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:NuclideMap_C-F.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/NuclideMap_C-F.png/510px-NuclideMap_C-F.png" decoding="async" width="510" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/NuclideMap_C-F.png/765px-NuclideMap_C-F.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/NuclideMap_C-F.png/1020px-NuclideMap_C-F.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>Tabel nuklida (diagram Segrè) dari karbon sampai fluorin (termasuk nitrogen). Warna jingga menandakan <a href="/wiki/Emisi_proton" title="Emisi proton">emisi proton</a> (nuklida di luar garis tetesan proton); merah muda untuk <a href="/wiki/Emisi_positron" title="Emisi positron">emisi positron</a> (peluruhan beta terbalik); hitam untuk <a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">nuklida stabil</a>; biru untuk <a href="/wiki/Emisi_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Emisi elektron">emisi elektron</a> (peluruhan beta); dan violet untuk <a href="/wiki/Emisi_neutron" title="Emisi neutron">emisi neutron</a> (nuklida di luar garis tetesan neutron). Jumlah proton meningkat menaiki sumbu vertikal, dan jumlah neutron meningkat menyusuri sumbu horizontal ke kanan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nitrogen memiliki dua <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> stabil: <sup>14</sup>N dan <sup>15</sup>N. Isotop pertama jauh lebih umum, menyusun 99,634% nitrogen alami, dan yang kedua (yang sedikit lebih berat) sisanya 0,366%. Hal ini menyebabkan berat atomnya menjadi sekitar 14,007 u.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood411-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedua isotop stabil ini diproduksi melalui <a href="/wiki/Siklus_CNO" title="Siklus CNO">siklus CNO</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang">bintang</a>, namun <sup>14</sup>N lebih umum terjadi karena tangkapan neutronnya adalah langkah pembatas laju.<sup>14</sup>N adalah salah satu dari lima <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inti_atom_genap_dan_ganjil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inti atom genap dan ganjil (halaman belum tersedia)">nuklida ganjil–ganjil</a> yang stabil (suatu nuklida yang memiliki jumlah proton dan neutron ganjil); empat lainnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium"><sup>2</sup>H</a>, <sup>6</sup>Li, <sup>10</sup>B, dan <sup>180m</sup>Ta.<sup id="cite_ref-BetheBible_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BetheBible-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kelimpahan relatif <sup>14</sup>N dan <sup>15</sup>N hampir konstan di atmosfer tetapi dapat bervariasi di tempat lain, karena fraksinasi isotop alami dari reaksi <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">redoks</a> biologis dan penguapan <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a> alami.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reaksi yang dimediasi secara biologis (misalnya, <a href="/wiki/Asimilasi_(biologi)" title="Asimilasi (biologi)">asimilasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrifikasi" title="Nitrifikasi">nitrifikasi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Denitrifikasi" title="Denitrifikasi">denitrifikasi</a>) sangat mengendalikan dinamika nitrogen di dalam tanah. Reaksi ini biasanya menghasilkan pengayaan <sup>15</sup>N dari <a href="/wiki/Substrat_(kimia)" title="Substrat (kimia)">substrat</a> dan penipisan <a href="/wiki/Produk_(kimia)" title="Produk (kimia)">produk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enrich_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enrich-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isotop berat <sup>15</sup>N pertama kali ditemukan oleh S.M. Naudé pada tahun 1929, tidak lama setelah ditemukan isotop berat unsur tetangganya, <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood408_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood408-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini menyajikan salah satu tangkapan neutron termal terendah dari semua isotop.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup>15</sup>N sering digunakan dalam spektroskopi <a href="/wiki/Resonansi_magnet_inti" title="Resonansi magnet inti">resonansi magnet inti</a> (NMR) untuk menentukan struktur molekul yang mengandung nitrogen, karena <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spin inti</a> fraksionalnya adalah satu setengah, yang menawarkan keuntungan untuk NMR seperti lebar garis yang lebih sempit. <sup>14</sup>N, meskipun secara teoretis juga dapat digunakan, memiliki spin nuklir bulat dan dengan demikian memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Momen_quadrupol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Momen quadrupol (halaman belum tersedia)">momen quadrupol</a> yang mengarah pada spektrum yang lebih luas dan kurang bermanfaat.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood411-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NMR <sup>15</sup>N tetap memiliki komplikasi yang tidak ditemui pada spektroskopi NMR yang lebih tinggi, <sup>1</sup>H dan <sup>13</sup>C. Kelimpahan alami <sup>15</sup>N yang rendah (0,36%) secara signifikan mengurangi sensitivitas, masalah yang hanya diperparah oleh <a href="/wiki/Rasio_giromagnetik" title="Rasio giromagnetik">rasio giromagnetik</a> yang rendah, (hanya 10,14% dari <sup>1</sup>H). Alhasil, <i>signal-to-noise ratio</i> untuk <sup>1</sup>H sekitar 300 kali lipat lebih besar daripada <sup>15</sup>N pada kekuatan medan magnet yang sama.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2007_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2007-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini dapat agak dikurangi dengan pengayaan isotop <sup>15</sup>N melalui pertukaran kimia atau distilasi fraksional. Senyawa yang diperkaya <sup>15</sup>N memiliki keuntungan bahwa dalam kondisi standar, mereka tidak mengalami pertukaran kimiawi atom nitrogen mereka dengan nitrogen di atmosfer, tidak seperti senyawa dengan isotop <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> berlabel yang harus dijauhkan dari atmosfer.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood411-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rasio <sup>15</sup>N:<sup>14</sup>N umum digunakan dalam analisis isotop stabil di bidang <a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">geokimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrologi" title="Hidrologi">hidrologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi">paleoklimatologi</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleoseanografi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleoseanografi (halaman belum tersedia)">paleoseanografi</a>, yang disebut <a href="/wiki/%CE%9415N" title="Δ15N"><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dari sepuluh isotop lain yang dihasilkan secara sintetis, mulai dari <sup>12</sup>N sampai <sup>23</sup>N, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen-13" title="Nitrogen-13"><sup>13</sup>N</a> memiliki <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> sepuluh menit dan isotop sisanya memiliki waktu paruh dalam kisaran detik (<sup>16</sup>N dan <sup>17</sup>N) atau bahkan milidetik. Tidak ada isotop nitrogen lain yang mungkin terjadi karena mereka akan berada di luar <a href="/wiki/Garis_tetesan_nuklir" title="Garis tetesan nuklir">garis tetesan nuklir</a>, yang mengeluarkan proton atau neutron.<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mengingat selisih waktu paruhnya, <sup>13</sup>N adalah radioisotop nitrogen yang paling penting, umurnya cukup panjang untuk digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Tomografi_emisi_positron" title="Tomografi emisi positron">tomografi emisi positron</a> (<i>positron emission tomography</i>, PET), meskipun waktu paruhnya masih pendek maka harus dibuat di lokasi PET, misalnya dalam <a href="/wiki/Siklotron" title="Siklotron">siklotron</a> dengan cara <sup>16</sup>O dibombardir dengan proton yang menghasilkan <sup>13</sup>N dan <a href="/wiki/Partikel_alfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Partikel alfa">partikel alfa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_151_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson_151-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Radioisotop" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotop">Radioisotop</a> <sup>16</sup>N adalah <a href="/wiki/Radionuklida" title="Radionuklida">radionuklida</a> yang dominan di dalam pendingin <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_air_bertekanan" title="Reaktor air bertekanan">reaktor air bertekanan</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_air_didih" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaktor air didih">reaktor air didih</a> selama operasi normal, dan dengan demikian ini adalah indikator kebocoran yang sensitif dan cepat dari sistem pendingin utama ke siklus uap sekunder, dan merupakan alat pendeteksi utama kebocoran tersebut. <sup>16</sup>N dihasilkan dari <sup>16</sup>O (dalam air) melalui <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_(n-p)" title="Reaksi (n-p)">reaksi (n,p)</a> di mana atom <sup>16</sup>O menangkap sebuah neutron dan melepas sebuah proton. Ini memiliki waktu paruh pendek sekitar 7,1 detik,<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi selama peluruhannya kembali ke <sup>16</sup>O menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiasi gamma">radiasi gamma</a> berenergi tinggi (5 sampai 7 MeV).<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neeb_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neeb-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oleh karena itu, akses ke pipa pendingin primer dalam reaktor air bertekanan harus dibatasi selama <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_nuklir" title="Reaktor nuklir">reaktor</a> pembangkit beroperasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Neeb_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neeb-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimia_dan_senyawa">Kimia dan senyawa</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alotrop">Alotrop</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Dinitrogen_MO_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/6/61/Dinitrogen_MO_diagram.png/400px-Dinitrogen_MO_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/6/61/Dinitrogen_MO_diagram.png 1.5x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diagram_orbital_molekul" title="Diagram orbital molekul">Diagram orbital molekul</a> molekul dinitrogen, N<sub>2</sub>. Ada lima orbital ikatan dan dua orbital anti-ikatan (ditandai dengan tanda bintang), menghasilkan ikatan total tiga.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nitrogen atom, juga dikenal sebagai nitrogen aktif, sangat reaktif, berbentuk <a href="/wiki/Radikal_(kimia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radikal (kimia)">triradikal</a> dengan tiga elektron yang tidak berpasangan. Atom nitrogen bebas mudah bereaksi dengan sebagian besar unsur untuk membentuk nitrida, dan bahkan ketika dua atom nitrogen-bebas bertumbukan untuk menghasilkan molekul N<sub>2</sub> yang tereksitasi, mereka dapat melepaskan begitu banyak energi pada tumbukan dengan molekul stabil semacam <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> menyebabkan fisi homolitik yang menghasilkan radikal seperti CO dan O atau OH dan H. Nitrogen atomik disiapkan dengan melewatkan aliran listrik melalui gas nitrogen pada 0,1–2 mmHg, yang menghasilkan nitrogen atom bersamaan dengan emisi kuning <i>peach</i> yang memudar perlahan sebagai pendaran selama beberapa menit bahkan setelah aliran listrik berakhir.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mengingat reaktivitas nitrogen atom yang besar, nitrogen elementer biasanya terjadi sebagai molekul N<sub>2</sub>, <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinitrogen">dinitrogen</a>. Molekul ini adalah gas <a href="/wiki/Diamagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a> yang tidak berwarna, tidak berbau, dan tidak berasa pada kondisi standar: meleleh pada suhu −210 °C dan mendidih pada −196 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dinitrogen relatif tidak reaktif pada suhu kamar, namun tetap bereaksi dengan logam <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">litium</a> dan beberapa kompleks <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a>. Hal ini disebabkan ikatannya, yang unik di antara unsur diatomik pada kondisi standar karena memiliki <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_rangkap_tiga" title="Ikatan rangkap tiga">ikatan rangkap tiga</a> N≡N. Ikatan rangkap tiga memiliki panjang ikatan pendek (dalam hal ini, 109,76 pm) dan energi disosiasi yang tinggi (dalam hal ini, 945,41 kJ/mol), sehingga sangat kuat. Ini menjelaskan ke-inert-an kimia dinitrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ada beberapa indikasi teoretis bahwa oligomer dan polimer nitrogen lainnya memungkinkan. Jika bisa disintesis, mereka mungkin memiliki aplikasi potensial sebagai bahan dengan kepadatan energi yang sangat tinggi, yang bisa digunakan sebagai propelan atau bahan peledak yang kuat.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewars_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewars-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini karena semuanya harus terurai menjadi dinitrogen, yang ikatan rangkap tiganya N≡N (energi ikatan 946 kJ⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>) jauh lebih kuat daripada ikatan rangkap dua N=N (418 kJ⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>) atau ikatan tunggal N–N (160 kJ⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>): memang, ikatan rangkap tiga memiliki lebih dari tiga kali energi daripada ikatan tunggal. (Kebalikannya berlaku untuk pniktogen yang lebih berat, yang lebih memilih alotrop poliatomik.)<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood483_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood483-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerugian besar adalah bahwa kebanyakan polinitrogen netral tidak diharapkan memiliki penghalang besar terhadap dekomposisi, dan beberapa pengecualian bahkan akan lebih menantang untuk disintesis daripada <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedran" title="Tetrahedran">tetrahedran</a> yang telah lama dicari namun masih belum diketahui. Ini berbeda dengan polinitrogen kationik dan anionik <a href="/wiki/Azida" title="Azida">azida</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">N<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">3</span></span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Pentazenium" title="Pentazenium">pentazenium</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">N<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">5</span></span></span>), dan <a href="/wiki/Pentazol" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentazol">pentazolida</a> (aromatik siklik <span class="chemf nowrap">N<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">5</span></span></span>) yang dicirikan dengan baik.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewars_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewars-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di bawah tekanan yang sangat tinggi (1,1 juta <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer_(satuan)" title="Atmosfer (satuan)">atm</a>) dan suhu tinggi (2000 K), seperti yang diproduksi dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel_landas_berlian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sel landas berlian (halaman belum tersedia)">sel landas berlian</a>, nitrogen dipolimerisasi menjadi struktur kristal gauche kubus ikatan tunggal. Struktur ini mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Berlian" title="Berlian">berlian</a>, dan keduanya memiliki <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen" title="Ikatan kovalen">ikatan kovalen</a> yang sangat kuat, yang menghasilkan julukan "berlian nitrogen".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Tekanan_atmosfer" title="Tekanan atmosfer">tekanan atmosfer</a>, nitrogen molekul <a href="/wiki/Kondensasi" title="Kondensasi">mengembun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cairan" title="Cairan">menjadi cair</a>) pada suhu 77 K (−196,2 °C) dan <a href="/wiki/Pembekuan" title="Pembekuan">membeku</a> pada 63 K (−210,2 °C)<sup id="cite_ref-Gray_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ke bentuk <a href="/wiki/Alotropi" title="Alotropi">alotropi</a> kristal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemasan-rapat_heksagonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemasan-rapat heksagonal (halaman belum tersedia)">kemasan-rapat heksagonal</a> (disebut fase alfa).<sup id="cite_ref-schu_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schu-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_cair" title="Nitrogen cair">Nitrogen cair</a>, cairan tak berwarna yang berpenampilan menyerupai air, namun massa jenisnya hanya 80,8% dari massa jenis air (massa jenis nitrogen cair pada titik didihnya adalah 0,808 g/mL), adalah <a href="/wiki/Kriogenik" title="Kriogenik">kriogen</a> yang umum.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_padat" title="Nitrogen padat">Nitrogen padat</a> memiliki banyak modifikasi kristal. Ia membentuk cakupan permukaan dinamis yang signifikan pada permukaan <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan bulan bagian luar dari Tata Surya seperti <a href="/wiki/Triton_(bulan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triton (bulan)">Triton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahkan pada suhu rendah, nitrogen padat cukup mudah menguap dan dapat <a href="/wiki/Sublimasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Sublimasi">menyublim</a> membentuk atmosfir, atau mengembun kembali ke dalam nitrogen beku. Ini sangat lemah dan mengalir dalam bentuk gletser dan pada <a href="/wiki/Geyser" class="mw-redirect" title="Geyser">geyser</a> Triton, gas nitrogen berasal dari daerah kutub es kutub.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kompleks_dinitrogen">Kompleks dinitrogen</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kompleks_dinitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompleks dinitrogen">Kompleks dinitrogen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:RuA5N2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/RuA5N2.png/220px-RuA5N2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/RuA5N2.png/330px-RuA5N2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/RuA5N2.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Struktur [Ru(NH'<span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Too many (</span>'"; (<a href="/wiki/Pentaamina(dinitrogen)rutenium(II)_klorida" title="Pentaamina(dinitrogen)rutenium(II) klorida">pentaamina(dinitrogen)rutenium(II)</a>), kompleks dinitrogen pertama yang ditemukan</figcaption></figure> <p>Contoh pertama kompleks <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinitrogen">dinitrogen</a> yang ditemukan adalah [Ru(NH'<span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Too many (</span>'"; (lihat gambar di kanan), dan dengan cepat banyak kompleks lainnya ditemukan. <a href="/wiki/Kompleks_(kimia)" title="Kompleks (kimia)">Kompleks</a> ini, di mana molekul nitrogen menyumbang setidaknya satu pasang elektron sunyinya ke kation logam pusat, menggambarkan bagaimana N<sub>2</sub> dapat mengikat logam pada <a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase" title="Nitrogenase">nitrogenase</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">katalis</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Proses_Haber" title="Proses Haber">proses Haber</a>: Proses ini yang melibatkan aktivasi dinitrogen sangat penting dalam biologi dan dalam produksi pupuk.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schrock_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schrock-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dinitrogen mampu membentuk ikatan koordinasi dengan logam melalui lima cara berbeda. Cara yang lebih baik adalah donasi ujung M←N≡N (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haptisitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haptisitas (halaman belum tersedia)">η</a></i><sup>1</sup>) dan M←N≡N→M (<i><a href="/wiki/Jembatan_ligan" title="Jembatan ligan">μ</a></i>, bis-<i>η</i><sup>1</sup>), di mana pasangan sunyi pada atom nitrogen disumbangkan ke kation logam. Cara yang kurang dicirikan dengan baik melibatkan dinitrogen yang menyumbangkan pasangan elektron dari ikatan rangkap tiganya, baik sebagai <a href="/wiki/Jembatan_ligan" title="Jembatan ligan">jembatan ligan</a> ke dua kation logam (<i>μ</i>, bis-<i>η</i><sup>2</sup>) atau hanya ke satu kation (<i>η</i><sup>2</sup>). Cara kelima dan unik melibatkan tripel-koordinasi sebagai jembatan ligan, yang menyumbangkan seluruh tiga pasangan elektronnya dari ikatan rangkap tiga (<i>μ</i><sub>3</sub>-N<sub>2</sub>). Beberapa kompleks memiliki beberapa ligan N<sub>2</sub> dan beberapa fitur N<sub>2</sub> yang terikat dalam berbagai cara. Ikatan dalam kompleks dinitrogen erat kaitannya dengan senyawa <a href="/wiki/Karbonil" title="Karbonil">karbonil</a>, meskipun N<sub>2</sub> adalah donor <i>σ</i> dan akseptor <i>π</i> yang lebih lemah daripada CO, karena N<sub>2</sub> isoelektronik dengan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida">karbon monoksida</a> (CO) dan <a href="/wiki/Asetilena" title="Asetilena">asetilena</a> (C). Studi teoretis menunjukkan bahwa donasi <i>σ</i> merupakan faktor yang lebih penting untuk memungkinkan pembentukan ikatan M–N daripada donasi balik <i>π</i>, yang pada dasarnya hanya melemahkan ikatan N–N, dan donasi ujung (<i>η</i><sup>1</sup>) lebih mudah dicapai daripada donasi sisi (<i>η</i><sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saat ini, telah dikenal kompleks dinitrogen untuk hampir semua logam transisi, terhitung beberapa ratus senyawa. Mereka biasanya disiapkan melalui tiga metode:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Mengganti ligan labil, seperti <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">H<sub>2</sub>O</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrida" title="Hidrida">H<sup>−</sup></a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida">CO</a>, dengan nitrogen secara langsung: ini sering kali merupakan reaksi reversibel yang berlangsung pada kondisi ringan.</li> <li>Mereduksi kompleks logam dengan adanya ko-ligan yang sesuai pada kondisi gas nitrogen berlebih. Pilihan umum termasuk mengganti ligan klorida dengan <a href="/wiki/Dimetilfenilfosfin" title="Dimetilfenilfosfin">dimetilfenilfosfin</a> (PMe<sub>2</sub>Ph) untuk menggantikan ligan klorin dengan ligan nitrogen yang lebih kecil dalam jumlah yang ekivalen dengan ligan originalnya.</li> <li>Mengkonversi ligan dengan ikatan N–N, seperti hidrazin atau azida, langsung menjadi ligan dinitrogen.</li></ol> <p>Kadang-kadang ikatan N≡N dapat langsung terbentuk dalam suatu kompleks logam, misalnya dengan mereaksikan langsung <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a> terkoordinasi (NH<sub>3</sub>) dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrit" title="Asam nitrit">asam nitrit</a> (HNO<sub>2</sub>), tetapi ini tidak dapat diterapkan secara umum. Sebagian besar kompleks dinitrogen memiliki warna dalam kisaran putih-kuning-jingga-merah-coklat; diketahui ada sedikit pengecualian, seperti [{Ti(<i>η</i><sup>5</sup>–C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>–(N<sub>2</sub>)] yang berwarna biru.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kompleks_nitrida,_azida,_dan_nitrido"><span id="Kompleks_nitrida.2C_azida.2C_dan_nitrido"></span>Kompleks nitrida, azida, dan nitrido</h3></div> <p>Nitrogen berikatan dengan hampir semua unsur dalam tabel periodik kecuali tiga <a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">gas mulia</a> pertama, <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>, dan beberapa unsur setelah <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a> yang berumur sangat pendek, menciptakan berbagai macam senyawa biner dengan berbagai sifat dan aplikasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banyak senyawa biner yang diketahui (biasanya disebut <a href="/wiki/Nitrida" title="Nitrida">nitrida</a>) kecuali hidrida, oksida, dan fluorida nitrogen. Banyak fase stoikiometri yang ada untuk sebagian besar unsur (misalnya MnN, Mn, Mn, Mn, Mn, dan Mn<sub><i>x</i></sub>N untuk 9,2 < <i>x</i> < 25,3). Mereka bisa diklasifikasikan sebagai "seperti garam" (sebagian besar ionik), kovalen, "seperti intan", dan metalik (atau <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_interstisial" title="Senyawa interstisial">interstisial</a>), meskipun klasifikasi ini memiliki keterbatasan yang muncul justru dari kontinuitas jenis ikatan, bukannya jenis diskret dan terpisah seperti yang tersirat dari nama-nama klasifikasinya. Mereka umumnya disiapkan dengan mereaksikan langsung logam dengan nitrogen atau amonia (kadang-kadang setelah pemanasan), atau melalui dekomposisi termal amida logam:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood417_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood417-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Ca + N2 -> Ca3N2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Ca</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Ca</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {3Ca + N2 -> Ca3N2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2880c6bc9d2b19cdb37ac71fb6b0a25150efd97d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:21.816ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Ca + N2 -> Ca3N2}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Mg + 2NH3 -> Mg3N2 + 3H2\ {(pada}\ {900 C)}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Mg</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Mg</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>pada</mtext> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>900</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>C</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {3Mg + 2NH3 -> Mg3N2 + 3H2\ {(pada}\ {900 C)}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2e8f04cafd25e426d297b224cb59e0a262052765" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:46.635ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Mg + 2NH3 -> Mg3N2 + 3H2\ {(pada}\ {900 C)}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Zn(NH2)2 -> Zn3N2 + 4NH3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Zn</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Zn</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {3Zn(NH2)2 -> Zn3N2 + 4NH3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d209dafd9e7a3fa3c48b9dff7f457f81335c268e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:32.257ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Zn(NH2)2 -> Zn3N2 + 4NH3}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Banyak varian yang mungkin terbentuk melalui proses ini. Nitrida yang paling ionik adalah yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">alkali tanah</a>, Li<sub>3</sub>N (Na, K, Rb, dan Cs tidak membentuk nitrida yang stabil karena alasan sterik) dan M (M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba). Ini secara formal dapat dianggap sebagai garam anion N<sup>3−</sup>, meskipun pemisahan muatan tidak sepenuhnya lengkap bahkan untuk unsur-unsur yang sangat elektropositif ini. Namun, <a href="/wiki/Azida" title="Azida">azida</a> logam alkali NaN dan KN, menampilkan anion N linier, seperti, yang terkenal, Sr(N'<span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Too many (</span>'"; dan Ba(N'<span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Too many (</span>'";. Azida logam sub-golongan B (berada di <a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">golongan 11</a> sampai <a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a>) jauh kurang ionik, memiliki struktur yang lebih rumit, dan mudah meledak ketika terkena kejut.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood417_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood417-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Borazin_Mesomers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Borazin_Mesomers.png/400px-Borazin_Mesomers.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Borazin_Mesomers.png/600px-Borazin_Mesomers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Borazin_Mesomers.png/800px-Borazin_Mesomers.png 2x" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Struktur mesomerik borazin, (–BH–NH–)<sub>3</sub></figcaption></figure> <p>Banyak nitrida biner kovalen yang diketahui. Contohnya termasuk <a href="/wiki/Sianogen" title="Sianogen">sianogen</a> ((CN)), <a href="/wiki/Trifosforus_pentanitrida" title="Trifosforus pentanitrida">trifosforus pentanitrida</a> (P), <a href="/wiki/Disulfur_dinitrida" title="Disulfur dinitrida">disulfur dinitrida</a> (S), dan <a href="/wiki/Tetrasulfur_tetranitrida" title="Tetrasulfur tetranitrida">tetrasulfur tetranitrida</a> (S). <a href="/wiki/Silikon_nitrida" title="Silikon nitrida">Silikon nitrida</a> (Si) dan <a href="/wiki/Germanium_nitrida" title="Germanium nitrida">germanium nitrida</a> juga dikenali pada dasarnya kovalen: terutama silikon nitrida yang merupakan bahan yang menjanjikan dalam pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik">keramik</a> jika tidak terkendala pada kerumitan proses sinteringnya. Khusus untuk nitrida <a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">golongan 13</a>, yang merupakan bahan <a href="/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor">semikonduktor</a> yang menjanjikan, adalah bahan yang isoelektrik dengan grafit dan <a href="/wiki/Silikon_karbida" title="Silikon karbida">silikon karbida</a>, serta memiliki kemiripan truktur: ikatan mereka berubah dari kovalen ke ionik sepanjang golongan dari atas ke bawah. Secara khusus, karena unit B–N isoelektrik dengan C–C, dan ukuran karbon berada di antara boron dan nitrogen, banyak <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">kimia organik</a> menemukan gaung dalam kimia boron–nitrogen, seperti pada <a href="/wiki/Borazina" title="Borazina">borazina</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Benzena" title="Benzena">benzena</a> anorganik"). Meski demikian, analoginya tidak tepat sama karena mudahnya serangan <a href="/wiki/Nukleofil" title="Nukleofil">nukleofilik</a> kepada boron yang kekurangan elektron. Hal yang tidak mungkin terjadi dalam cincin yang hanya tersusun atas karbon saja.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood417_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood417-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kategori nitrida terbesar adalah nitrida interstisial dengan rumus MN, M<sub>2</sub>N, dan M<sub>4</sub>N (walaupun variasi komposisi sangat dimungkinkan), di mana atom nitrogen yang kecil terletak di dalam celah pada kubik logam atau kisi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemasan-rapat_heksagonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemasan-rapat heksagonal (halaman belum tersedia)">kemasan-rapat heksagonal</a>. Mereka tak tembus cahaya (opak), sangat keras, dan inert secara kimia, meleleh pada suhu yang sangat tinggi (umumnya di atas 2500 °C). Mereka memiliki kilau dan daya hantar listrik seperti logam. Mereka dapat menghasilkan amonia atau nitrogen melalui hidrolisis yang sangat lambat.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood417_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood417-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anion nitrida (N<sup>3−</sup>) adalah donor <i>π</i> yang paling kuat di antara ligan yang diketahui (terkuat kedua adalah O<sup>2−</sup>). Kompleks nitrido umumnya dibuat melalui dekomposisi termal azida atau deprotonasi amonia, dan mereka biasanya melibatkan gugus {≡N}<sup>3−</sup> terminal. Anion azida N linier, yang isoelektrik dengan <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_monoksida" title="Dinitrogen monoksida">dinitrogen monoksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sianat" title="Sianat">sianat</a>, membentuk banyak kompleks koordinasi. Katenasi lebih lanjut jarang dijumpai meskipun diketahui ada N (isoelektrik dengan <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">karbonat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood417_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood417-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrida">Hidrida</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Potensial_elektrode_nitrogen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Potensial_elektrode_nitrogen.svg/510px-Potensial_elektrode_nitrogen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="510" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Potensial_elektrode_nitrogen.svg/765px-Potensial_elektrode_nitrogen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Potensial_elektrode_nitrogen.svg/1020px-Potensial_elektrode_nitrogen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Potensial reduksi standar untuk spesies yang mengandung nitrogen. Diagram atas menunjukkan potensial pada pH 0; diagram bawah menunjukkan potensial pada pH 14.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood434_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood434-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam skala industri, <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a> (NH<sub>3</sub>) adalah senyawa nitrogen paling penting dan dibuat dalam jumlah yang lebih besar daripada senyawa lain, karena ia memberi kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap kebutuhan gizi organisme terestrial melalui perannya sebagai prekursor untuk makanan dan pupuk. Amonia adalah gas alkalis tak berwarna dengan aroma menusuk yang khas. Adanya <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_hidrogen" title="Ikatan hidrogen">ikatan hidrogen</a> membawa dampak yang sangat signifikan pada amonia, tercermin dari tingginya titik leleh (−78 °C) dan titik didih (−33 °C). Dalam bentuk cair, ia merupakan pelarut yang baik dengan panas penguapan yang tinggi (memungkinkan digunakan dalam labu vakum), yang juga memiliki viskositas dan konduktivitas listrik rendah, <a href="/wiki/Konstanta_dielektrik" title="Konstanta dielektrik">konstanta dielektrik</a> tinggi, serta massa jenis yang lebih kecil daripada air. Namun, ikatan hidrogen pada NH<sup>3</sup> lebih lemah daripada dalam H karena elektronegativitas nitrogen lebih rendah daripada oksigen, dan pasangan elektron sunyi NH<sup>3</sup> hanya satu dibandingkan H yang memiliki dua pasangan elektron sunyi. Amonia adalah basa lemah dalam larutan akuatik (<a href="/wiki/Konstanta_disosiasi_asam" title="Konstanta disosiasi asam">p<i>K</i><sub>b</sub></a> 4,74); asam konjugatnya adalah ion <a href="/wiki/Amonium" title="Amonium">amonium</a>, NH. Ia juga dapat bertindak selaku asam yang sangat lemah, kehilangan satu proton menghasilkan anion amida, NH. Oleh karena itu, amonia mengalami disosiasi diri, mirip dengan air, menghasilkan amonium dan amida. Amonia terbakar di udara atau oksigen, meski tidak mudah, menghasilkan gas nitrogen; ia terbakar dalam fluor dengan warna nyala kuning kehijauan menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trifluorida" title="Nitrogen trifluorida">nitrogen trifluorida</a>. Reaksi dengan nonlogam lainnya sangat kompleks dan cenderung membentuk campuran produk. Amonia bereaksi pada pemanasan dengan logam membentuk nitrida.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood420_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood420-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak nitrogen hidrida biner lainnya yang diketahui, tetapi yang paling penting adalah <a href="/wiki/Hidrazin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrazin">hidrazin</a> (N) dan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_azida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrogen azida">hidrogen azida</a> (HN<sub>3</sub>). Meskipun bukan nitrogen hidrida, <a href="/wiki/Hidroksilamina" title="Hidroksilamina">hidroksilamina</a> (NH) memiliki sifat dan struktur yang mirip dengan amonia dan hidrazin. Hidrazin adalah cairan tak berwarna, berasap dan berbau seperti amonia. Sifat fisikanya sangat mirip dengan air (titik leleh 2,0 °C, titik didih 113,5 °C, massa jenis 1,0 g·cm<sup>−3</sup>). Meskipun merupakan senyawa endotermik, hidrazin stabil secara kinetik. Ia terbakar cepat dan sempurna di udara, dengan sangat eksotermal, menghasilkan nitrogen dan uap air. Hidrazin adalah reduktor serbaguna yang sangat bermanfaat dan merupakan basa yang lebih lemah daripada amonia.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood426_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood426-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia juga umum digunakan sebagai bahan bakar roket.<sup id="cite_ref-Vieira_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vieira-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hidrazin umumnya dibuat melalui reaksi antara amonia dengan basa <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hipoklorit" title="Natrium hipoklorit">natrium hipoklorit</a> dengan adanya gelatin atau lem:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood426_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood426-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3 + OCl^- -> NH2Cl + OH^-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>OCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3 + OCl^- -> NH2Cl + OH^-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/41178492ab3225fd815d30d512a90b05e9514023" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:32.888ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3 + OCl^- -> NH2Cl + OH^-}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH2Cl + NH3 -> N2H5+ + Cl^-\ {(lambat)}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>lambat</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NH2Cl + NH3 -> N2H5+ + Cl^-\ {(lambat)}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/977af10920cdda96bca06aac59673e16461300e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:41.862ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH2Cl + NH3 -> N2H5+ + Cl^-\ {(lambat)}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2H5+ + OH^- -> N2H4 + H2O\ {(cepat)}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>cepat</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {N2H5+ + OH^- -> N2H4 + H2O\ {(cepat)}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/36d8c47255386e5ea635050f8ecb5725a54e16fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:39.904ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2H5+ + OH^- -> N2H4 + H2O\ {(cepat)}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>(Serangan oleh hidroksida dan amonia dapat dibalik, sehingga melewati zat antara NHCl<sup>−</sup>). Alasan penambahan gelatin adalah untuk menghilangkan ion logam seperti Cu<sup>2+</sup> yang mengkatalisis destruksi hidrazin melalui reaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Kloramina" title="Kloramina">kloramina</a> (NH) menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Amonium_klorida" title="Amonium klorida">amonium klorida</a> dan nitrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood426_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood426-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_azida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrogen azida">Hidrogen azida</a> (HN<sub>3</sub>) pertama kali diproduksi pada tahun 1890 melalui oksidasi larutan hidrazin menggunakan asam nitrit. HN<sub>3</sub> sangat eksplosif dan bahkan larutan encernya dapat membahayakan. Ia memiliki bau yang tidak enak dan dan menjengkelkan serta merupakan racun yang berpotensi mematikan (tetapi tidak kumulatif). Hidrogen azida dapat dianggap sebagai asam konjugat dari anion azida, dan analog dengan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_halida" title="Hidrogen halida">hidrogen halida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood426_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood426-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halida_dan_oksohalida">Halida dan oksohalida</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nitrogen_trichloride.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Nitrogen_trichloride.JPG/220px-Nitrogen_trichloride.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Nitrogen_trichloride.JPG/330px-Nitrogen_trichloride.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Nitrogen_trichloride.JPG/440px-Nitrogen_trichloride.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3176" data-file-height="2644" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_triklorida" title="Nitrogen triklorida">Nitrogen triklorida</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Empat nitrogen trihalida sederhana seluruhnya telah diketahui. Diketahui pula beberapa campuran halida dan hidrohalida, tetapi sebagian besar tak stabil dan tidak menarik: contohnya meliputi NClF<sub>2</sub>, NCl<sub>2</sub>F, NBrF<sub>2</sub>, NF<sub>2</sub>H, NCl<sub>2</sub>H, dan NClH<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood438_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood438-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diketahui lima nitrogen fluorida. <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trifluorida" title="Nitrogen trifluorida">Nitrogen trifluorida</a> (NF<sub>3</sub>, pertama kali dibuat tahun 1928) adalah gas tak berwarna dan tak berbau yang stabil secara termodinamika, dan paling mudah dibuat melalui elektrolisis lelehan <a href="/wiki/Amonium_fluorida" title="Amonium fluorida">amonium fluorida</a> yang dilarutkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_fluorida" title="Hidrogen fluorida">hidrogen fluorida</a>. Seperti <a href="/wiki/Karbon_tetraklorida" title="Karbon tetraklorida">karbon tetraklorida</a>, nitrogen trifluorida sama sekali tidak reaktif dan stabil dalam larutan asam atau basa encer. Hanya ketika dipanaskan, ia bertindak sebagai zat fluorinasi, dan bereaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenik" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenik">arsenik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a> pada suhu tinggi membentuk <a href="/wiki/Tetrafluorohidrazin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrafluorohidrazin">tetrafluorohidrazin</a> (N). Kation NF dan N juga diketahui (yang terakhir hasil dari reaksi tetrafluorohidrazin dengan akseptor fluorida kuat seperti <a href="/wiki/Arsenik_pentafluorida" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenik pentafluorida">arsenik pentafluorida</a>), dengan adanya ONF<sub>3</sub>, yang telah terpolarisasi karena jarak N–O yang pendek seolah-olah merupakan ikatan ganda parsial dan ikatan N–F yang sangat polar dan panjang. Tetrafluorohidrazin, tidak seperti hidrazin itu sendiri, dapat terdisosiasi pada suhu sama dengan atau lebih tinggi daripada suhu ruang menghasilkan radikal NF<sub>2</sub>•. <a href="/wiki/Fluor_azida" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor azida">Fluor azida</a> (FN<sub>3</sub>) sangat eksplosif dan tidak stabil secara termal. <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_difluorida" title="Dinitrogen difluorida">Dinitrogen difluorida</a> (N) terdapat sebagai isomer <i>cis</i> dan <i>trans</i> yang dapat saling tukar satu sama lain sesuai perubahan suhu, dan merupakan produk pertama yang dijumpai sebagai hasil dekomposisi FN<sub>3</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood438_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood438-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_triklorida" title="Nitrogen triklorida">Nitrogen triklorida</a> (NCl<sub>3</sub>) adalah cairan bermassa jenis tinggi, mudah menguap, dan mudah meledak yang sifat fisikanya mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_tetraklorida" title="Karbon tetraklorida">karbon tetraklorida</a>, meskipun ada satu perbedaan yaitu NCl<sub>3</sub> mudah terhidrolisis oleh air, sedangkan CCl<sub>4</sub> tidak. NCl<sub>3</sub> pertama kali disintesis oleh <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Dulong" title="Pierre Louis Dulong">Pierre Louis Dulong</a> pada tahun 1811, yang kehilangan tiga jari dan satu matanya karena kecenderungan zatnya yang eksplosif. Sebagai gas encer, ia kurang berbahaya dan oleh karenanya digunakan pada industri untuk memutihkan dan mensterilkan tepung. <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_tribromida" title="Nitrogen tribromida">Nitrogen tribromida</a> (NBr<sub>3</sub>), pertama kali dibuat tahun 1975, adalah padatan merah tua, peka terhadap suhu, dan mudah menguap, yang mudah meledak meski pada suhu −100 °C sekalipun. <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_triiodida" title="Nitrogen triiodida">Nitrogen triiodida</a> (NI<sub>3</sub>) lebih tidak stabil dan hanya sekali dibuat tahun 1990. Senyawa <i>aduk</i>nya dengan amonia, yang telah diketahui sebelumnya, sangat peka terhadap goncangan: ia dapat meledak oleh bulu, angin, atau bahkan <a href="/wiki/Partikel_alfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Partikel alfa">partikel alfa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood438_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood438-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berdasarkan alasan ini, sejumlah kecil nitrogen triiodida kadang-kadang disintesis untuk demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran kimia di SMA atau untuk atraksi "sulap kimia".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dikenal dua kelompok oksohalida nitrogen: nitrosil halida (XNO) dan nitril halida (XNO<sub>2</sub>). XNO adalah gas yang sangat reaktif yang dapat dibuat melalui halogenasi langsung dinitrogen monoksida. <a href="/wiki/Nitrosil_fluorida" title="Nitrosil fluorida">Nitrosil fluorida</a> (NOF) tak berwarna dan zat fluorinasi kuat. <a href="/wiki/Nitrosil_klorida" title="Nitrosil klorida">Nitrosil klorida</a> (NOCl) berperilaku sama dan telah sering digunakan sebagai pelarut pengion. <a href="/wiki/Nitrosil_bromida" title="Nitrosil bromida">Nitrosil bromida</a> (NOBr) berwarna merah. Reaksi nitril halida sebagian besar mirip: <a href="/wiki/Nitril_fluorida" title="Nitril fluorida">nitril fluorida</a> (FNO<sub>2</sub>) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitril_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitril klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">nitril klorida</a> (ClNO<sub>2</sub>) keduanya adalah gas reaktif dan zat halogenasi kuat.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood438_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood438-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oksida">Oksida</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen oksida">Nitrogen oksida</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nitrogen_dioxide_at_different_temperatures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nitrogen_dioxide_at_different_temperatures.jpg/300px-Nitrogen_dioxide_at_different_temperatures.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nitrogen_dioxide_at_different_temperatures.jpg/450px-Nitrogen_dioxide_at_different_temperatures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nitrogen_dioxide_at_different_temperatures.jpg/600px-Nitrogen_dioxide_at_different_temperatures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3276" data-file-height="2598" /></a><figcaption>Nitrogen dioksida pada −196 °C, 0 °C, 23 °C, 35 °C, dan 50 °C. <span class="chemf nowrap">NO<sub>2</sub></span> berubah menjadi dinitrogen tetroksida (<span class="chemf nowrap">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></span>) yang tak berwarna pada suhu rendah, dan kembali menjadi <span class="chemf nowrap">NO<sub>2</sub></span> pada suhu yang lebih tinggi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nitrogen membentuk sembilan molekul oksida, beberapa di antaranya merupakan gas pertama yang diidentifikasi: N<sub>2</sub>O (<a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_monoksida" title="Dinitrogen monoksida">dinitrogen monoksida</a>), NO (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_monoksida" title="Nitrogen monoksida">nitrogen monoksida</a>), N (<a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_trioksida" title="Dinitrogen trioksida">dinitrogen trioksida</a>), NO<sub>2</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioksida" title="Nitrogen dioksida">nitrogen dioksida</a>), N (<a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroksida" title="Dinitrogen tetroksida">dinitrogen tetroksida</a>), N (<a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_pentoksida" title="Dinitrogen pentoksida">dinitrogen pentoksida</a>), NO<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trioksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen trioksida">nitrogen trioksida</a>), N<sub>4</sub>O (<a href="/wiki/Nitrosilazida" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrosilazida">nitrosilazida</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood443_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood443-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan N(NO'<span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Too many (</span>'"; (<a href="/wiki/Trinitramida" title="Trinitramida">trinitramida</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semuanya secara termal tidak stabil terhadap dekomposisi menjadi unsur-unsurnya. Satu oksida yang mungkin tetapi belum pernah disintesis adalah <a href="/wiki/Oksatetrazola" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksatetrazola">oksatetrazola</a> (N<sub>4</sub>O), sebuah cincin aromatis.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood443_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood443-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dinitrogen oksida (N<sub>2</sub>O), yang lebih dikenal sebagai <b>gas gelak</b> atau <b>gas tawa</b> (karena efeknya yang membuat tertawa), dibuat melalui dekomposisi termal <a href="/wiki/Amonium_nitrat" title="Amonium nitrat">amonium nitrat</a> pada 250 °C. Ini adalah reaksi redoks sehingga nitrogen monoksida dan nitrogen juga dihasilkan sebagai produk sampingan. N<sub>2</sub>O banyak digunakan sebagai propelan dan zat pengaerasi untuk <a href="/wiki/Es_krim" title="Es krim">es krim</a> kocok, dan pernah digunakan sebagai anastesi umum. Terlepas dari penampilannya, ia tidak dapat dianggap sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anhidrida_anorganik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anhidrida anorganik (halaman belum tersedia)">anhidrida</a> <a href="/wiki/Asam_hiponitrit" title="Asam hiponitrit">asam hiponitrit</a> (H) karena asam tersebut tidak diproduksi melalui pelarutan dinitrogen monoksida dalam air. Ini agak tidak reaktif (tidak bereaksi dengan halogen, logam alkali, atau <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozon</a> pada suhu ruang, meskipun reaktivitasnya meningkat pada pemanasan) dan memiliki struktur tak simetris N–N–O (N≡N<sup>+</sup>O<sup>−</sup>↔<sup>−</sup>N=N<sup>+</sup>=O): di atas 600 °C ia terdisosiasi dengan memutus ikatan N–O yang lebih lemah.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood443_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood443-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nitrogen monoksida (NO) adalah molekul stabil paling sederhana dengan jumlah elektron ganjil. Pada mamalia, termasuk manusia, ini merupakan <a href="/wiki/Pensinyalan_sel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensinyalan sel">molekul pensinyalan</a> sel yang penting yang terlibat dalam banyak proses fiiologis dan patologis.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NO terbentuk melalui oksidasi katalitik amonia. Ia merupakan gas paramagnetik tak berwarna yang, karena secara termodinamika tak stabil, terurai menjadi gas nitrogen dan oksigen pada 1100–1200 °C. Ikatannya mirip dengan nitrogen, tapi satu elektron tambahan ditambahkan pada orbital anti ikatan <i>π</i>* sehingga orde ikatan berkurang menjadi sekitar 2,5. Oleh karena itu, dimerisasi menjadi O=N–N=O tidak terjadi kecuali di bawah titik didihnya (ketika isomer <i>cis</i> lebih stabil) karena sejatinya tidak terjadi peningkatan orde ikatan total dan karena elektron tak berpasangan terdelokalisasi di seberang molekul NO, maka memberikan kestabilan. Terdapat pula bukti untuk dimer O=N–O=N merah asimetris ketika nitrogen monoksida terkondensasi dengan molekul polar. Ia bereaksi dengan oksigen menghasilkan nitrogen dioksida yang berwarna coklat dan dengan halogen menghasilkan nitrosil halida. Ia juga bereaksi dengan senyawa logam transisi menghasilkan kompleks nitrosil, yang sebagian besar berwarna tajam.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood443_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood443-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dinitrogen trioksida (N) yang berwarna biru hanya terdapat sebagai padatan karena ia cepat terdisosiasi di atas titik lelehnya menghasilkan nitrogen monoksida, nitrogen dioksida (NO), dan dinitrogen tetroksida (N). Dua senyawa yang terakhir sulit diteliti terpisah karena kesetimbangan yang muncul di antara keduanya. Meskipun kadang dinitrogen tetroksida dapat bereaksi melaluu fisi heterolitik dengan <a href="/wiki/Nitrosonium" title="Nitrosonium">nitrosonium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a> dalam medium dengan konstanta dielektrik tinggi. Nitrogen dioksida adalah gas berwarna cokelat korosif yang tajam. Kedua senyawa tersebut dapat dengan mudah disiapkan dengan cara mendekomposisi nitrat logam kering. Keduanya bereaksi dengan air membentuk <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a>. Dinitrogen tetroksida sangat berguna untuk pembuatan nitrat logam anhidrat dan kompleks nitrato, dan ini menjadi oksidator pilihan yang stabil untuk banyak roket di Amerika Serikat dan <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> pada akhir 1950-an. Ini karena dinitrogen tetroksida adalah <a href="/wiki/Propelan_hipergolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Propelan hipergolik">propelan hipergolik</a> yang dikombinasikan dengan <a href="/wiki/Propelan_roket" title="Propelan roket">bahan bakar roket</a> berbasis <a href="/wiki/Hidrazin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrazin">hidrazin</a> dan dapat dengan mudah disimpan karena berbentuk cair pada suhu ruang.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood443_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood443-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dinitrogen pentoksida (N), yang secara termal tidak stabil dan sangat reaktif, adalah anhidrida <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a>, dan dapat dibuat dari dehidrasi asam nitrat dengan <a href="/wiki/Fosforus_pentoksida" title="Fosforus pentoksida">fosforus pentoksida</a>. Sangat menarik untuk persiapan bahan peledak.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dinitrogen pentoksida adalah padatan kristal <a href="/wiki/Higroskopis" class="mw-redirect" title="Higroskopis">higroskopis</a> yang peka terhadap cahaya. Dalam keadaan padat ia bersifat ionik dengan struktur [NO'<span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Too many (</span>'";; sebagai gas dan dalam larutan ia berbentuk molekul O<sub>2</sub>N–O–NO<sub>2</sub>. Hidrasi menjadi asam nitrat berlangsung cepat, seperti halnya reaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_peroksida" title="Hidrogen peroksida">hidrogen peroksida</a> menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Asam_peroksinitrat" title="Asam peroksinitrat">asam peroksinitrat</a> (HOONO<sub>2</sub>). N adalah oksidator sangat kuat. Gas dinitrogen pentoksida terdekomposisi sebagai berikut:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood443_54-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood443-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2O5 <=> NO2 + NO3 -> NO2 + O2 + NO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽<!-- ↽ --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀<!-- ⇀ --></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>NO</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {N2O5 <=> NO2 + NO3 -> NO2 + O2 + NO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/89cacec28f4e8d6a96d9d804ad23491b927d2e8e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:44.155ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2O5 <=> NO2 + NO3 -> NO2 + O2 + NO}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2O5 + NO <=> 3NO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽<!-- ↽ --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀<!-- ⇀ --></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {N2O5 + NO <=> 3NO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ac7328ac2175ec1176109cc97d5b2fadcfc8a7cb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:22.854ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2O5 + NO <=> 3NO2}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asam_okso,_oksoanion,_dan_garam_dari_asam_okso"><span id="Asam_okso.2C_oksoanion.2C_dan_garam_dari_asam_okso"></span>Asam okso, oksoanion, dan garam dari asam okso</h3></div> <p>Banyak <a href="/wiki/Asam_okso" title="Asam okso">asam okso</a> nitrogen yang diketahui, meskipun sebagian besar tidak stabil sebagai senyawa murni dan hanya dikenali sebagai larutan atau sebagai garam. <a href="/wiki/Asam_hiponitrit" title="Asam hiponitrit">Asam hiponitrit</a> (H) adalah asam lemah diprotik dengan struktur HON=NOH (p<i>K</i><sub>a1</sub> 6,9, p<i>K</i><sub>a2</sub> 11,6). Larutan asamnya cukup stabik tetapi pada pH di atas 4 terjadi dekomposisi yang dikatalisis basa melalui [HONNO]<sup>−</sup> menjadi dinitrogen monoksida dan anion hidroksida. <a href="/wiki/Hiponitrit" title="Hiponitrit">Hiponitrit</a> (yang melibatkan anion N) stabil terhadap reduktor dan umumnya lebih bertindak selaku reduktor itu sendiri. Mereka adalah tahap intermediat pada oksidasi amonia menjadi nitrit, yang terjadi dalam <a href="/wiki/Siklus_nitrogen" title="Siklus nitrogen">siklus nitrogen</a>. Hiponitrit dapat bertindak selaku jembatan atau ligan pengkhelat bidentat.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood459_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood459-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrit" title="Asam nitrit">Asam nitrit</a> (HNO<sub>2</sub>) tidak terdapat sebagai senyawa murni, tetapi adalah komponen umum dalam kesetimbangan gas dan dalam larutan akuatiknya merupakan pelarut penting. Larutan akuatiknya dapat dibuat dari asidifikasi larutan <a href="/wiki/Nitrit" title="Nitrit">nitrit</a> (NO) dingin, meskipun pada suhu ruang mengalami disproporsionasi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a> dan nitrogen oksida secara signifikan. Asam nitrit adalah asam lemah dengan p<i>K</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> 3,35 pada 18 °C. Nitrit dapat dianalisis dengan metode <a href="/wiki/Titrasi" title="Titrasi">titrimetri</a> melalui oksidasinya menjadi nitrat menggunakan oksidator <a href="/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat">permanganat</a>. Mereka mudah direduksi menjadi dinitrogen monoksida dan nitrogen oksida oleh <a href="/wiki/Belerang_dioksida" title="Belerang dioksida">belerang dioksida</a>, menjadi asam hiponitrit oleh <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a>(II), dan menjadi amonia oleh <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfida" title="Hidrogen sulfida">hidrogen sulfida</a>. Garam <a href="/wiki/Hidrazinium" title="Hidrazinium">hidrazinium</a> N bereaksi dengan asam nitrit menghasilkan azida yang bereaksi lebih lanjut menghasilkan dinitrogen monoksida dan nitrogen. <a href="/wiki/Natrium_nitrit" title="Natrium nitrit">Natrium nitrit</a> agak beracun pada konsentrasi di atas 100 mg/kg, tetapi sejumlah kecil sering digunakan untuk memulihkan daging dan sebagai pengawet untuk menghindari pembusukan bakteri. Ia juga digunakan untuk sintesis hidroksilamina dan diazotasi amina aromatik primer sebagai berikut:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood459_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood459-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {ArNH2 + HNO2 -> [ArNN]Cl + 2H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>ArNH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>HNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>ArNN</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {ArNH2 + HNO2 -> [ArNN]Cl + 2H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0bc92b4efefbdeeedb9eb476861e9ba7377a1876" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:40.235ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {ArNH2 + HNO2 -> [ArNN]Cl + 2H2O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Nitrit juga merupakan ligan umum yang dapat membentuk ikatan koordinasi dengan lima cara. Cara yang paling umum adalah nitro (ikatan dari nitrogen) dan nitrito (ikatan dari oksigen). Isomerisme nitro-nitrito merupakan hal umum, dengan bentuk nitrito biasanya kurang stabil.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood459_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood459-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Fuming_nitric_acid_40ml.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fuming_nitric_acid_40ml.jpg/220px-Fuming_nitric_acid_40ml.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fuming_nitric_acid_40ml.jpg/330px-Fuming_nitric_acid_40ml.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fuming_nitric_acid_40ml.jpg/440px-Fuming_nitric_acid_40ml.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Asam nitrat berasap yang terkontaminasi dengan nitrogen dioksida kuning</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">Asam nitrat</a> (HNO<sub>3</sub>) adalah asam okso nitrogen yang paling penting dan paling stabil. Ia adalah salah satu dari tiga asam yang paling banyak digunakan (dua lainnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">asam klorida</a>) dan merupakan yang pertama ditemukan oleh alkimiawan pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-13" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad ke-13">abad ke-13</a>. Asam nitrat dibuat melalui oksidasi katalitik amonia menjadi nitrogen oksida, yang kemudian dioksidasi menjadi nitrogen dioksida, lalu dilarutkan dalam air menghasilkan asam nitrat pekat. Lebih dari tujuh juta ton asam nitrat diproduksi di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> per tahunnya, sebagian besar digunakan sebagai bahan baku produksi nitrat untuk pupuk dan bahan peledak, di antara penggunaan-penggunaan lainnya. Asam nitrat anhidrat dibuat melalui distilasi asam nitrat pekat dengan fosforus pentoksida pada tekanan rendah menggunakan peralatan gelas dalam kondisi gelap. Asam nitrat anhidrat hanya dapat dibuat dalam keadaan padat, karena pada saat meleleh ia terdekomposisi spontan menjadi nitrogen dioksida, dan asam nitrat cair yang akan mengalami <a href="/wiki/Otoionisasi_molekuler" class="mw-redirect" title="Otoionisasi molekuler">ionisasi diri</a> sebagai berikut:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood459_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood459-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2HNO3 <=> H2NO3^+ + NO3^- <=> H2O + [NO2]^+ + [NO3]^-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>HNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽<!-- ↽ --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀<!-- ⇀ --></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽<!-- ↽ --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀<!-- ⇀ --></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2HNO3 <=> H2NO3^+ + NO3^- <=> H2O + [NO2]^+ + [NO3]^-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/abb29a21d6721e171f721646b328fb78c0331ea6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:58.062ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2HNO3 <=> H2NO3^+ + NO3^- <=> H2O + [NO2]^+ + [NO3]^-}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Diketahui terdapat dua hidrat, HNO dan HNO, yang dapat dikristalisasi. Ia adalah asam kuat dan larutan pekatnya adalah oksidator kuat, meskipun tidak dapat menyerang <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">rodium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridium</a>. Campuran asam klorida pekat dan asam nitrat pekat (3:1) masih lebih kuat dan dapat melarutkan emas dan platina, karena pembentukan klor bebas dan nitrosil klorida, dan anion klorida dapat membentuk kompleks yang kuat. Dalam asam sulfat peka, asam nitrat terprotonasi membentuk ion <a href="/wiki/Ion_nitronium" title="Ion nitronium">nitronium</a>, yang dapat bertindak sebagai elektrofil untuk nitrasi aromatik:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood459_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood459-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {HNO3 + 2H2SO4 <=> NO2^+ + H3O^+ + 2HSO4^-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>HNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽<!-- ↽ --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀<!-- ⇀ --></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>HSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {HNO3 + 2H2SO4 <=> NO2^+ + H3O^+ + 2HSO4^-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1001807a922bb5e6d9e67f3b005baa338f0d54e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:47.102ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {HNO3 + 2H2SO4 <=> NO2^+ + H3O^+ + 2HSO4^-}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Kestabilan termal <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a> (melibatkan anion NO trigonal planar) bergantung pada kebasaan logam, dan juga produk dekomposisinya (termolisis), yang dapat bervariasi antara nitrit (misalnya, natrium), oksida (kalium dan <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>), atau bahkan logam itu sendiri (<a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a>) bergantung pada kestabilan relatifnya. Nitrat juga merupakan ligan umum dengan beragam moda koordinasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood459_58-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood459-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Akhirnya, meskipun asam ortonitrat (H), yang analog dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam_ortofosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Asam ortofosfat">asam ortofosfat</a>, tidak ada, anion <a href="/wiki/Ortonitrat" title="Ortonitrat">ortonitrat</a> NO berstruktur tetrahedal dikenal dalam garam natrium dan kaliumnya:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood459_58-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood459-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaNO3{}+Na2O->[{\ce {Ag~krus}}][{\ce {300^{\circ }C~selama~7hari}}]Na3NO4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NaNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>300</mn> <msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext>selama</mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>7</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>hari</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Ag</mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext>krus</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaNO3{}+Na2O->[{\ce {Ag~krus}}][{\ce {300^{\circ }C~selama~7hari}}]Na3NO4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f2bef15eabc8dc7e6d4f01140d4132b210b1c6d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.874ex; margin-top: -0.308ex; margin-bottom: -0.63ex; width:42.226ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaNO3{}+Na2O->[{\ce {Ag~krus}}][{\ce {300^{\circ }C~selama~7hari}}]Na3NO4}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Garam kristal putih ini sangat peka terhadap uap air dan karbon dioksida di udara:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood459_58-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood459-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na3NO4 + H2O + CO2 -> NaNO3 + NaOH + NaHCO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NaNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NaHCO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na3NO4 + H2O + CO2 -> NaNO3 + NaOH + NaHCO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a6b3180fef1c005f4ae9f33cdcdea91f53451b9a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:57.326ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na3NO4 + H2O + CO2 -> NaNO3 + NaOH + NaHCO3}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Terlepas dari keterbatasan kimianya, anion ortonitrat menarik dari sudut pandang struktur karena bentuk tetrahedral regulernya dan panjang ikatan N–O yang pendek, memberikan implikasi karakter polar yang signifikan pada ikatannya.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood459_58-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood459-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_nitrogen_organik">Senyawa nitrogen organik</h3></div> <p>Nitrogen adalah salah satu unsur paling penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">kimia organik</a>. Banyak <a href="/wiki/Gugus_fungsional" class="mw-redirect" title="Gugus fungsional">gugus fungsional</a> organik terlibat dalam <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_karbon-nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikatan karbon-nitrogen">ikatan karbon-nitrogen</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Amida" title="Amida">amida</a> (RCONR<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Amina" title="Amina">amina</a> (R<sub>3</sub>N), <a href="/wiki/Imina" title="Imina">imina</a> (RC(=NR)R), <a href="/wiki/Imida" title="Imida">imida</a> ((RCO)<sub>2</sub>NR), <a href="/wiki/Azida" title="Azida">azida</a> (RN<sub>3</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_azo" title="Senyawa azo">senyawa azo</a> (RN<sub>2</sub>R), <a href="/wiki/Sianat" title="Sianat">sianat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Isosianat" title="Isosianat">isosianat</a> (ROCN atau RCNO), <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a> (RONO<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Nitril" title="Nitril">nitril</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Isonitril" class="mw-redirect" title="Isonitril">isonitril</a> (RCN atau RNC), <a href="/wiki/Nitrit" title="Nitrit">nitrit</a> (RONO), <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_nitro" title="Senyawa nitro">senyawa nitro</a> (RNO<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_nitroso" class="mw-redirect" title="Senyawa nitroso">senyawa nitroso</a> (RNO), <a href="/wiki/Oksima" title="Oksima">oksima</a> (RCR=NOH), dan derivat <a href="/wiki/Piridina" title="Piridina">piridina</a>. Ikatan C–N terpolarisasi kuat ke arah nigrogen. Dalam senyawa ini, nitrogen biasanya trivalen (meskipun dapat membentuk tetravalen dalam <a href="/wiki/Kation_amonium_kuarterner" title="Kation amonium kuarterner">kation amonium kuarterner</a>, R), dengan pasangan elektron sunyi yang menyumbang alkalinitas pada senyawa dengan membentuk koordinasi dengan proton. Hal ini dapat ditiadakan oleh faktor lain: misalnya, amida tidak bersifat basa karena pasangan sunyinya terdelokalisasi ke dalam ikatan rangkap (meskipun mereka mungkin bertindak selaku basa pada pH yang sangat rendah, terprotonasi pada oksigen), dan <a href="/wiki/Pirola" title="Pirola">pirola</a> tidak asam karena pasangan sunyinya terdelokalisasi sebagai bagian dari cincin <a href="/wiki/Aromatik" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatik">aromatik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jerry_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerry-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jumlah nitrogen dalam <a href="/wiki/Zat_kimia" title="Zat kimia">zat kimia</a> dapat ditentukan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Metode_Kjeldahl" title="Metode Kjeldahl">metode Kjeldahl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secara khusus, nitrogen adalah komponen esensial <a href="/wiki/Asam_nukleat" title="Asam nukleat">asam nukleat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_amino" title="Asam amino">asam amino</a> dan akibatnya <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, dan molekul pembawa energi <a href="/wiki/Adenosin_trifosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenosin trifosfat">adenosin trifosfat</a> sehingga vital bagi kehidupan di muka bumi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterjadian">Keterjadian</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nitrogen_Cycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nitrogen_Cycle.svg/400px-Nitrogen_Cycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nitrogen_Cycle.svg/600px-Nitrogen_Cycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nitrogen_Cycle.svg/800px-Nitrogen_Cycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Penyajian skematis <a href="/wiki/Siklus_nitrogen" title="Siklus nitrogen">daur senyawa nitrogen</a> melalui lingkungan tanah</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Siklus_nitrogen" title="Siklus nitrogen">Siklus nitrogen</a></div> <p>Nitrogen adalah unsur murni yang paling umum di dalam tanah, menyusun 78,1% dari seluruh volume atmosfer.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood406_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood406-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terlepas dari hal ini, nitrogen tidak begitu melimpah di kerak bumi, hanya terdapat 19 <a href="/wiki/Bagian_per_juta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagian per juta">bagian per juta</a>, setara dengan <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">galium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">litium</a>. Satu-satunya mineral nitrogen yang penting adalah <a href="/wiki/Niter" title="Niter">niter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalium_nitrat" title="Kalium nitrat">kalium nitrat</a>, <i>saltpeter</i>) dan <a href="/wiki/Sodaniter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodaniter">sodaniter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Natrium_nitrat" title="Natrium nitrat">natrium nitrat</a>, <i>saltpeter</i> Chile). Namun, keduanya tidak lagi menjadi sumber nitrat penting sejak tahun 1920an, ketika sintesis amonia dan asam nitrat berskala industri menjadi lumrah.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood407_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood407-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senyawa nitrogen secara konstan mengalami pertukaran antara atmosfer dan organisme hidup. Nitrogen pertama kali harus diolah, atau <a href="/wiki/Fiksasi_nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiksasi nitrogen">"difiksasi"</a>, menjadi bentuk yang dapat digunakan oleh tumbuhan, biasanya amonia. Beberapa fiksasi nitrogen terjadi akibat sambaran petir yang menghasilkan oksida nitrogen, tetapi sebagian besar dilakukan oleh bakteri <a href="/wiki/Diazotrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Diazotrop">diazotropik</a> melalui enzim yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase" title="Nitrogenase">nitrogenase</a> (meskipun saat ini fiksasi nitrogen industri menjadi amonia juga signifikan). Ketika amonia diasup oleh tanaman, amonia digunakan untuk mensintesis protein. Tanaman kemudian dimakan oleh hewan yang menggunakan senyawa nitrogen untuk mensintesis protein mereka sendiri dan mengekskresikan kotoran yang kaya nitrogen. Akhirnya, organisme ini mati dan terdekomposisi, mengalami oksidasi bakteri dan lingkungan serta <a href="/wiki/Denitrifikasi" title="Denitrifikasi">denitrifikasi</a>, mengembalikan dinitrogen bebas ke atmosfer. Fiksasi nitrogen industri dengan <a href="/wiki/Proses_Haber" title="Proses Haber">proses Haber</a> sebagian besar digunakan sebagai pupuk, meskipun kelebihan limbah kaya nitrogen, ketika tercuci, menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Eutrofikasi" title="Eutrofikasi">eutrofikasi</a> air tawar dan pembentukan perairan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_mati_(ekologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona mati (ekologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">zona mati</a>, karena pertumbuhan bakteri yang digerakkan nitrogen menekan oksigen air hingga titik di mana semua organisme tinggi mati. Selain itu, dinitrogen monoksida, yang dihasilkan selama proses denitrifikasi, menyerang <a href="/wiki/Lapisan_ozon" title="Lapisan ozon">lapisan ozon</a> atmosferik.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood407_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood407-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak ikan air laut menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Trimetilamina_oksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Trimetilamina oksida">trimetilamina oksida</a> dalam jumlah besar untuk melindungi mereka dari efek <a href="/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis">osmotik</a> lingkungan mereka yang tinggi; perubahan senyawa ini menjadi <a href="/wiki/Dimetilamina" title="Dimetilamina">dimetilamina</a> adalah sunber awal bau tidak sedap ikan air laut yang tidak segar lagi.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada hewan, <a href="/wiki/Radikal_bebas" title="Radikal bebas">radikal bebas</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen oksida">nitrogen oksida</a> (diturunkan dari <a href="/wiki/Asam_amino" title="Asam amino">asam amino</a>) berperan sebagai molekul pengatur yang penting untuk sirkulasi.<sup id="cite_ref-ocean_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocean-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reaksi cepat nitrogen oksida dengan air dalam hewan menghasilkan produk <a href="/wiki/Nitrit" title="Nitrit">nitrit</a> dalam metabolitnya. <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">Metabolisme</a> nitrogen protein pada hewan, umumnya, berakhir pada <a href="/wiki/Ekskresi" title="Ekskresi">ekskresi</a> <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a>, sementara metabolisme <a href="/wiki/Asam_nukleat" title="Asam nukleat">asam nukleat</a> pada hewang berujung pada ekskresi <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_urat" title="Asam urat">asam urat</a>. Bau yang khas dari pembusukan daging hewan disebabkan oleh pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Amina" title="Amina">amina</a> rantai panjang, seperti <a href="/wiki/Tetrametilendiamina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrametilendiamina">tetra-</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pentametilendiamina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentametilendiamina">pentametilendiamina</a>, yang merupakan produk pemecahan asam amino <a href="/wiki/Ornitin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornitin">ornitin</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lisin" title="Lisin">lisin</a>, dalam penguraian protein.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksi">Produksi</h2></div> <p>Gas nitrogen adalah <a href="/wiki/Gas_industri" title="Gas industri">gas industri</a> yang diproduksi melalui <a href="/wiki/Distilasi" title="Distilasi">distilasi</a> fraksional <a href="/wiki/Udara" title="Udara">udara</a> cair, atau melalui cara mekanis dengan menggunakan bahan baku udara (<a href="/wiki/Tekanan_osmosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekanan osmosis">membran osmosis</a> balik bertekanan atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjerapan_ayun_tekanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penjerapan ayun tekanan (halaman belum tersedia)">penjerapan ayun tekanan</a>). Generator gas nitrogen yang menggunakan membran atau penjerapan ayun tekanan (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>pressure swing adsorption</i></span>, PSA) biasanya lebih efisien dari sisi biaya dan energi dibandingkan nitrogen bertekanan yang disimpan dan dikirim di dalam tabung.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitrogen komersial sering kali merupakan hasil samping dari pengolahan udara untuk pemekatan industri <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> untuk pengolahan baja dan penggunaan lainnya. Ketika dipasok sebagai gas bertekanan dalam tabung, sering kali disebut sebagai <i>nitrogen bebas oksigen</i> (<i>oxygen-free nitrogen</i>, OFN).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitrogen dengan derajat kemurnian komersial sudah mengandung setinggi-tingginya 20 ppm oksigen, dan tersedia juga dengan derajat kemurnian khusus yang mengandung setinggi-tingginya 2 ppm oksigen dan 10 ppm <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood409_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood409-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di laboratorium kimia, nitrogen dibuat melalui perlakuan larutan <a href="/wiki/Amonium_klorida" title="Amonium klorida">amonium klorida</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_nitrit" title="Natrium nitrit">natrium nitrit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-labProduction_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labProduction-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH4Cl + NaNO2 -> N2 + NaCl + 2H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NaNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>NaCl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NH4Cl + NaNO2 -> N2 + NaCl + 2H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2bb6c6b9295b3eececfb220b4e19560bcb2b848a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:42.176ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH4Cl + NaNO2 -> N2 + NaCl + 2H2O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Sejumlah kecil ketakmurnian NO dan HNO<sub>3</sub> juga terbentuk melalui reaksi ini. Ketakmurnian dapat dihilangkan dengan melewatkan gas yang terbentuk melalui larutan asam sulfat yang mengandung <a href="/wiki/Kalium_dikromat" title="Kalium dikromat">kalium dikromat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-labProduction_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labProduction-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitrogen yang sangat murni dapat dibuat melalui dekomposisi termal <a href="/wiki/Barium_azida" title="Barium azida">barium azida</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Natrium_azida" title="Natrium azida">natrium azida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaN3 -> 2Na + 3N2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NaN</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaN3 -> 2Na + 3N2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c82cf886c67edacedbc7d78cf138c88cdb4e4bf2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.991ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaN3 -> 2Na + 3N2}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas">Gas</h3></div> <p>Aplikasi senyawa nitrogen sangat beragam karena masifnya ukuran kelompok ini: oleh karena itu, hanya aplikasi nitrogen murni yang menjadi perhatian pada artikel ini. Dua per tiga nitrogen yang diproduksi oleh industri dijual sebagai gas dan sepertiga sisanya sebagai nitrogen cair. Sebagian besar gas tersebut digunakan sebagai atmosfer inert ketika oksigen di udara menyebabkan bahaya api, ledakan, atau oksidasi. Beberapa contohnya meliputi:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood409_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood409-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosfer_modifikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmosfer modifikasi (halaman belum tersedia)">atmosfer modifikasi</a>, murni atau campuran dengan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a>, untuk menitrogenasi dan menjaga kesegaran pangan curah atau kemasan (dengan menunda <a href="/wiki/Ketengikan" title="Ketengikan">ketengikan</a> dan bentuk lain <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">kerusakan oksidatif</a>). Nitrogen murni sebagai bahan tambahan pangan di <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> diberi label dengan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_E" title="Nomor E">nomor E</a> E941.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Bola_lampu_pijar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bola lampu pijar">bola lampu pijar</a> sebagai alternatif ekonomis pengganti <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_pemadam_api&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas pemadam api (halaman belum tersedia)">sistem pemadam kebakaran untuk peralatan teknologi informasi (TI)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood409_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood409-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dalam pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Baja_nirkarat" title="Baja nirkarat">baja nirkarat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengerasan_permukaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengerasan permukaan (halaman belum tersedia)">pengerasan permukaan</a> baja dengan metode <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitriding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitriding (halaman belum tersedia)">nitriding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duplex_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duplex-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dalam beberapa sistem bahan bakar pesawat udara untuk mengurangi bahaya kebakaran (lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_pelembam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem pelembam (halaman belum tersedia)">sistem pelembam</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Untuk memompa <a href="/wiki/Ban" title="Ban">ban</a> mobil balap dan pesawat udara,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mengurangi masalah yang disebabkan oleh uap air dan <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">oksigen</a> dalam udara alami.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood409_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood409-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Nitrogen umum digunakan selama preparasi sampel pada <a href="/wiki/Analisis_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Analisis kimia">analisis kimia</a>. Ia digunakan untuk memekatkan dan mengurangi volume sampel cair. Dengan mengarahkan aliran gas nitrogen bertekanan tegak lurus terhadap permukaan cairan menyebabkan pelarut menguap sambil meninggalkan zat terlarut dan pelarut yang tidak diuapkan.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nitrogen dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti, atau dikombinasikan dengan, <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> dalam tong bertekanan untuk <a href="/wiki/Bir" title="Bir">bir</a>, terutama <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale"><i>stout</i></a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a> Inggris, karena <a href="/wiki/Gelembung_(fisika)" title="Gelembung (fisika)">gelembung</a> yang dihasilkan lebih kecil, sehingga membuat aliran bir lebih halus dan lebih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Busa_bir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Busa bir (halaman belum tersedia)">berbusa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kapsul nitrogen peka tekanan yang umumnya dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Widget_(bir)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Widget (bir) (halaman belum tersedia)">"<i>widget</i>"</a> memungkinkan bir bermuatan nitrogen untuk dikemas dalam <a href="/wiki/Kaleng_minuman" title="Kaleng minuman">kaleng</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Botol" title="Botol">botol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitrogen juga menggantikan karbon dioksida sebagai sumber tenaga utama untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senjata_paintball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senjata paintball (halaman belum tersedia)">senjata paintball</a>. Nitrogen harus disimpan pada tekanan yang lebih tinggi daripada CO<sub>2</sub>, sehingga tangki N<sub>2</sub> lebih berat dan lebih mahal.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitrogen juga menjadi pilihan gas inert untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asfiksia_gas_inert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asfiksia gas inert (halaman belum tersedia)">asfiksia gas inert</a>, dan sedang dipertimbangkan untuk menggantikan suntik mati di <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Time-apr2015_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-apr2015-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gas nitrogen, yang dibuat dari dekomposisi <a href="/wiki/Natrium_azida" title="Natrium azida">natrium azida</a>, digunakan untuk menggembungkan <a href="/wiki/Kantung_udara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantung udara">kantung udara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cairan">Cairan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Nitrogen.ogv/220px--Nitrogen.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="15" data-mwtitle="Nitrogen.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Berkas:Nitrogen.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Nitrogen.ogv/Nitrogen.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Nitrogen.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Nitrogen.ogv/Nitrogen.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Nitrogen.ogv/Nitrogen.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Balon udara yang direndam dalam nitrogen cair</figcaption></figure> <p>Nitrogen cair adalah <a href="/wiki/Kriogenik" title="Kriogenik">cairan kriogenik</a>. Ketika disimpan dalam wadah bertutup rapat yang tepat seperti <a href="/wiki/Termos" title="Termos">labu Dewar</a>, nitrogen cair dapat dipindahkan tanpa banyak mengalami <a href="/wiki/Penguapan" title="Penguapan">kehilangan akibat penguapan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seperti <a href="/wiki/Es_kering" title="Es kering">es kering</a>, penggunaan utama nitrogen cair adalah sebagai <a href="/wiki/Refrigeran" title="Refrigeran">refrigeran</a>. Di antara kegunaan lain, ia digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Kriopreservasi" title="Kriopreservasi">kriopreservasi</a> darah, sel reproduksi (<a href="/wiki/Sperma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperma">sperma</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sel_telur" title="Sel telur">sel telur</a>), dan bahan serta sampel biologi lainnya. Nitrogen cair digunakan dalam tindakan klinis untuk <a href="/wiki/Krioterapi" title="Krioterapi">krioterapi</a> untuk menghilangkan kista dan kutil pada kulit.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cairan ini digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perangkap_dingin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perangkap dingin (halaman belum tersedia)">perangkap dingin</a> untuk peralatan laboratorium tertentu dan untuk mendinginkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Detektor_inframerah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detektor inframerah (halaman belum tersedia)">detektor inframerah</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Detektor_sinar-X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detektor sinar-X (halaman belum tersedia)">detektor sinar-X</a>. Ia juga digunakan untuk mendinginkan <a href="/wiki/Unit_pemroses_sentral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit pemroses sentral">unit pemroses sentral</a> (<i>central processing unit</i>, CPU) dan peralatan lain di dalam komputer yang di<i><a href="/wiki/Overclock" title="Overclock">overclock</a></i>, dan yang menghasilkan lebih banyak panas pada pengoperasian normal.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penggunaan lain meliputi sebagai penggerus beku dan bahan mesin yang lunak atau elastis pada suhu ruang, komponen perakitan dan penghubung, dan yang lebih umum untuk memperoleh suhu sangat rendah kapanpun diperlukan (sekitar −200 °C). Saking murahnya, nitrogen cair juga sering digunakan meskipun suhu rendah tidak terlalu diperlukan, seperti pendingin makanan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengecapan_ternak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengecapan ternak (halaman belum tersedia)">pengecapan ternak</a>, membekukan pipa untuk menghentikan aliran jika tidak terdapat katup, dan mengukuhkan tanah yang tidak stabil dengan pembekuan setiap kali bagian bawahnya digali.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood409_67-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood409-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keselamatan">Keselamatan</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas_2">Gas</h3></div> <p>Meskipun nitrogen tidak beracun, jika dilepaskan ke dalam ruang tertutup ia dapat menyingkirkan oksigen, sehingga menyebabkan bahaya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asfiksia_nitrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asfiksia nitrogen (halaman belum tersedia)">asfiksia</a>. Hal ini dapat terjadi dengan gejala yang minimal, karena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_karotid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan karotid (halaman belum tersedia)">badan karotid</a> manusia memiliki sistem penginderaan hipoksia (kekurangan oksigen) yang buruk serta lambat.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contohnya terjadi sesaat sebelum peluncuran misi pesawat ulang-alik pertama pada tahun 1981, ketika dua orang teknisi meninggal akibat asfiksia setelah mereka berjalan menuju suatu ruangan di dalam <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Launcher_Platform" title="Mobile Launcher Platform">Mobile Launcher Platform</a> yang diberi tekanan menggunakan nitrogen murni sebagai pencegah kebakaran.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ketika terhirup pada <a href="/wiki/Tekanan_parsial" title="Tekanan parsial">tekanan parsial</a> tinggi (lebih dari 4 bar, sekitar kedalaman 30 m pada <a href="/wiki/Selam_scuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Selam scuba">selam scuba</a>), nitrogen bersifat anestesi, menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Narkosis_nitrogen" title="Narkosis nitrogen">narkosis nitrogen</a>, suatu kondisi gangguan mental sementara yang mirip dengan keracunan <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_monoksida" title="Dinitrogen monoksida">dinitrogen monoksida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nitrogen larut dalam <a href="/wiki/Darah" title="Darah">darah</a> dan lemak tubuh. Dekompresi yang cepat (seperti ketika penyelam naik terlalu cepat ke permukaan, atau astronaut mengalami dekompresi terlalu cepat dari tekanan kabin ke tekanan pakaian) dapat mengakibatkan kondisi fatal yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_dekompresi" title="Penyakit dekompresi">penyakit dekompresi</a>, ketika nitrogen menggelembung dari dalam aliran darah, saraf, sendi, dan bagian sensitif atau vital lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-DCShx_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCShx-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kindwall_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kindwall-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gelembung dari gas "inert" lainnya (gas selain karbon dioksida dan oksigen) menyebabkan efek yang sama, sehingga penggantian nitrogen dalam <a href="/wiki/Gas_napas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas napas">gas napas</a> dapat mencegah narkosis nitrogen, tetapi tidak dapat mencegah penyakit dekompresi.<sup id="cite_ref-usn1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usn1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cairan_2">Cairan</h3></div> <p>Sebagai cairan <a href="/wiki/Kriogenik" title="Kriogenik">kriogenik</a>, nitrogen cair dapat membahayakan karena dapat menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Radang_dingin" title="Radang dingin">radang dingin</a> jika tersentuh, meskipun <a href="/wiki/Efek_Leidenfrost" title="Efek Leidenfrost">efek Leidenfrost</a> memberikan perlindungan pada paparan yang sangat singkat (sekitar satu detik).<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menelan nitrogen cair dapat menyebabkan kerusakan organ dalam. Contohnya, pada tahun 2012, seorang wanita muda di Inggris harus menjalani pengangkatan lambung setelah memakan koktail yang dibuat dengan nitrogen cair.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gaya yang luar biasa besar dapat timbul jika nitrogen cair diuapkan dengan cepat di dalam ruang tertutup, karena <a href="/wiki/Rasio_ekspansi" title="Rasio ekspansi">rasio ekspansi</a> gas-cair nitrogen adalah 1:694 pada 20 °C. Pada insiden 12 Januari 2006 di <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M University</a>, suatu tangki nitrogen cair, yang modul pembuang tekanannya mengalami malfungsi, disegel. Alhasil, tekanan berangsur-angsur meningkat, dan tangki meledak. Gaya yang dihasilkan dari ledakan tersebut cukup untuk mendorong tangki menembus langit-langit di atasnya, menghancurkan balok beton bertulang di bawahnya, dan menghempaskan dinding laboratorium sejauh 0,1–0,2 m dari pondasinya.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nitrogen cair mudah menguap menjadi nitrogen gas, sehingga pencegahan yang berhubungan dengan gas nitrogen juga berlaku untuk nitrogen cair.<sup id="cite_ref-BCGACOPCP30_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCGACOPCP30-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contohnya, <a href="/wiki/Sensor_oksigen" title="Sensor oksigen">sensor oksigen</a> kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai tindakan keselamatan ketika berkerja dengan nitrogen cair untuk memperingatkan pekerja terhadap percikan gas ke dalam ruang terbatas.<sup id="cite_ref-usn_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usn-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bejana yang berisi nitrogen cair dapat <a href="/wiki/Oksigen_cair" title="Oksigen cair">mengembunkan oksigen</a> dari udara. Cairan dalam bejana semacam ini menjadi kaya oksigen (titik didih −183 °C) karena nitrogen menguap, dan dapat menyebabkan oksidasi hebat pada bahan organik.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spesies_nitrogen_reaktif" title="Spesies nitrogen reaktif">Spesies nitrogen reaktif</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/nitrogen">"Nitrogen"</a>. <i>KBBI Daring</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 Juli</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&rft.atitle=Nitrogen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fnitrogen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC71-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC71_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC71_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC71_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lide, David R. (1990–1991). <i>CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-71). Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, Boston: CRC Press, inc. hlm. 4–22 (one page).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Physics+and+Chemistry&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Ann+Arbor%2C+Boston&rft.pages=4-22+%28one+page%29&rft.edition=71&rft.pub=CRC+Press%2C+inc.&rft.date=1990%2F1991&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gas-density-d_158.html">"Gases - Density"</a>. <i>The Engineering Toolbox</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 Juli</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Engineering+Toolbox&rft.atitle=Gases+-+Density&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineeringtoolbox.com%2Fgas-density-d_158.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrazola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrazola (halaman belum tersedia)">Tetrazola</a> mengandung sepasang atom nitrogen ikatan rangkap dengan tingkat oksidasi 0 di dalam cincin. Sintesis dari induk 1H-tetrazole, CH<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (dua atom N(0)) diberikan dalam Ronald A. Henry dan William G. Finnegan, "An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole", _J. Am. Chem. Soc._ (1954), 76, 1, 290–291, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a086">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a086</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiredchemist.com/chemistry/data/bond_energies_lengths.html">Common Bond Energies (D) and Bond Lengths (r)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100515215439/http://www.wiredchemist.com/chemistry/data/bond_energies_lengths.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-05-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. wiredchemist.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood406-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood406_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood406_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood406_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 406–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rutherford, Daniel (1772) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JxUUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=en&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Dissertatio Inauguralis de aere fixo, aut mephitico</a>" (Inaugural dissertation on the air [called] fixed or mephitic), M.D. dissertation, University of Edinburgh, Scotland. English translation: <cite class="citation journal">Dobbin, Leonard (1935). "Daniel Rutherford's inaugural dissertation". <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>12</b> (8): 370–375. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed012p370">10.1021/ed012p370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=Daniel+Rutherford%27s+inaugural+dissertation&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=370-375&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed012p370&rft.aulast=Dobbin&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weeks-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weeks_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Elvira_Weeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Elvira Weeks (halaman belum tersedia)">Weeks, Mary Elvira</a> (1932). "The discovery of the elements. IV. Three important gases". <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 215. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JChEd...9..215W">1932JChEd...9..215W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed009p215">10.1021/ed009p215</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+the+elements.+IV.+Three+important+gases&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed009p215&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932JChEd...9..215W&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aaron J. Ihde, The Development of Modern Chemistry, New York 1964.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Wilhelm Scheele, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/CarlWilhelmSche00Sche#page/n1/mode/2up"><i>Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer</i></a> [Chemical treatise on air and fire] (Upsala, Sweden: Magnus Swederus, 1777 ; and Leipzig, (Germany): Siegfried Lebrecht Crusius, 1777). Pada bagian berjudul "Die Luft muß aus elastischen Flüßigkeiten von zweyerley Art, zusammengesetzet seyn." (Udara harus terdiri dari dua macam fluida elastis), hal 6-14, Scheele menyajikan hasil dari delapan percobaannya yang menunjukkan udara bereaksi dengan beragam zat. Ia menyimpulkan (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/CarlWilhelmSche00Sche#page/12/mode/2up">p. 13</a>): <i>"So viel sehe ich aus angeführten Versuchen, daß die Luft aus 2 von einander unterschiedenen Flußigkeiten bestehe, von welchen die eine die Eigenschaft das Phlogiston anzuziehen gar nicht äussere, die andere aber zur solchen Attraction eigentlich aufgeleget ist und welche zwischen dem 3:ten und 4:ten Theil von der ganzen Luftmasse aus machet."</i> (Jadi saya melihat sebanyak [ini] dari eksperimen yang dilakukan: bahwa udara terdiri dari dua fluida [yang] berbeda satu sama lain, yang pertama sama sekali tidak mengungkapkan sifat menarik flogiston; namun, yang lain, mampu menarik perhatian dan yang membentuk antara 1/3 dan 1/4 bagian dari keseluruhan massa udara.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Priestley, Joseph (1772). "Observations on different kinds of air". <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>62</b>: 147–256. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1772.0021">10.1098/rstl.1772.0021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Observations+on+different+kinds+of+air&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=147-256&rft.date=1772&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1772.0021&rft.aulast=Priestley&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> ; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aBxWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA225#v=onepage&q&f=false">see p. 225.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Priestley, Joseph (1772). "Observations on different kinds of air". <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>62</b>: 147–256. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1772.0021">10.1098/rstl.1772.0021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Observations+on+different+kinds+of+air&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=147-256&rft.date=1772&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1772.0021&rft.aulast=Priestley&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> ; see: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aBxWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA225#v=onepage&q&f=false">"VII. Of air infected with the fumes of burning charcoal." pp. 225–228.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Elements of Chemistry</i>, trans. Robert Kerr (Edinburgh, 1790; New York: Dover, 1965), p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaptal, J. A. and Nicholson, William trans. (1800) <i>Elements of Chemistry</i>, 3rd ed. London, England: C.C. and J. Robinson, vol. 1, pp. xxxv-xxxvi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/elementsofchemis01chap#page/n47/mode/2up">From pp. xxxv-xxxvi</a>: "In order to correct the Nomenclature on this head [i.e., in this regard], nothing more is necessary than to substitute to [i.e., for] this word a denomination which is derived from the general system made use of; and I have presumed to propose that of Nitrogene Gas. In the first place, it is deduced from the characteristic and exclusive property of this gas, which forms the radical of the nitric acid. By this means we shall preserve to the combinations [i.e., compounds] of this substance the received [i.e., prevailing] denominations, such as those of the Nitric Acid, Nitrates, Nitrites, &c."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=nitrogen">nitrogen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702134749/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=nitrogen">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-07-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2011-10-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strutt, R. J. (1911) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royprsa/85/577/219.full.pdf">"Bakerian Lecture. A chemically active modification of nitrogen, produced by the electric discharge,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220041712/http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royprsa/85/577/219.full.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-12-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</i>, <b>85</b> (577): 219–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/activen/index.html">Lord Rayleigh's Active Nitrogen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101100510/http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/activen/index.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-11-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Lateralscience.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haber100-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haber100_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Erisman, Jan Willem; Sutton, Mark A.; Galloway, James; Klimont, Zbigniew; Winiwarter, Wilfried (2008). "How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world". <i>Nature Geoscience</i>. <b>1</b> (10): 636. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008NatGe...1..636E">2008NatGe...1..636E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fngeo325">10.1038/ngeo325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft.atitle=How+a+century+of+ammonia+synthesis+changed+the+world&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=636&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fngeo325&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008NatGe...1..636E&rft.aulast=Erisman&rft.aufirst=Jan+Willem&rft.au=Sutton%2C+Mark+A.&rft.au=Galloway%2C+James&rft.au=Klimont%2C+Zbigniew&rft.au=Winiwarter%2C+Wilfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFOstwald1902"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB190200698">GB 190200698</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald, Wilhelm</a>, "Improvements in the Manufacture of Nitric Acid and Nitrogen Oxides", diterbitkan tanggal January 9, 1902, dikeluarkan tanggal March 20, 1902</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=190200698&rft.cc=GB&rft.title=Improvements+in+the+Manufacture+of+Nitric+Acid+and+Nitrogen+Oxides&rft.inventor=Ostwald&rft.date=March 20, 1902&rft.pubdate=January 9, 1902"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFOstwald1903"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB190208300">GB 190208300</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald, Wilhelm</a>, "Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Nitric Acid and Oxides of Nitrogen", diterbitkan tanggal December 18, 1902, dikeluarkan tanggal February 26, 1903</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=190208300&rft.cc=GB&rft.title=Improvements+in+and+relating+to+the+Manufacture+of+Nitric+Acid+and+Oxides+of+Nitrogen&rft.inventor=Ostwald&rft.date=February 26, 1903&rft.pubdate=December 18, 1902"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood411-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood411_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 411–2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood550-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood550_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 550</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaupp-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaupp_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kaupp, Martin (1 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depa.fquim.unam.mx/amyd/archivero/LecturasobreNodosRadiales_12854.pdf">"The role of radial nodes of atomic orbitals for chemical bonding and the periodic table"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Computational Chemistry</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 320–5. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjcc.20522">10.1002/jcc.20522</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224181633/http://depa.fquim.unam.mx/amyd/archivero/LecturasobreNodosRadiales_12854.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Computational+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+role+of+radial+nodes+of+atomic+orbitals+for+chemical+bonding+and+the+periodic+table&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=320-5&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjcc.20522&rft.aulast=Kaupp&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdepa.fquim.unam.mx%2Famyd%2Farchivero%2FLecturasobreNodosRadiales_12854.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood412-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood412_24-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 412–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BetheBible-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BetheBible_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bethe, H. A. (1939). "Energy Production in Stars". <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>. <b>55</b> (5): 434–56. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...55..434B">1939PhRv...55..434B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.55.434">10.1103/PhysRev.55.434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Energy+Production+in+Stars&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=434-56&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.55.434&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1939PhRv...55..434B&rft.aulast=Bethe&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">CIAAW (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciaaw.org/nitrogen.htm">"Atomic Weight of Nitrogen"</a>. <i>ciaaw.org</i>. CIAAW. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161014112435/http://www.ciaaw.org/nitrogen.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ciaaw.org&rft.atitle=Atomic+Weight+of+Nitrogen&rft.date=2003&rft.au=CIAAW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Fnitrogen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enrich-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enrich_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Flanagan, Lawrence B.; Ehleringer, James R.; Pataki, Diane E. (15 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U9y3whFC2DIC&pg=PA74"><i>Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions: Processes and Biological Controls</i></a>. hlm. 74–75. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-052528-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-052528-0">978-0-08-052528-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stable+Isotopes+and+Biosphere+-+Atmosphere+Interactions%3A+Processes+and+Biological+Controls&rft.pages=74-75&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.isbn=978-0-08-052528-0&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+B.&rft.au=Ehleringer%2C+James+R.&rft.au=Pataki%2C+Diane+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU9y3whFC2DIC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood408-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood408_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 408</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/sigma/index.jsp?as=15&lib=endfb7.1&nsub=10">"Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) Retrieval & Plotting"</a>. National Nuclear Data Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809124433/https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/sigma/index.jsp?as=15&lib=endfb7.1&nsub=10">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evaluated+Nuclear+Data+File+%28ENDF%29+Retrieval+%26+Plotting&rft.pub=National+Nuclear+Data+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fsigma%2Findex.jsp%3Fas%3D15%26lib%3Dendfb7.1%26nsub%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2007-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2007_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Arthur G Palmer (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proteinnmrspectr0002unse_n8l9"><i>Protein NMR Spectroscopy</i></a>. Elsevier Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-12-164491-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-12-164491-X">0-12-164491-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protein+NMR+Spectroscopy&rft.pub=Elsevier+Academic+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-12-164491-X&rft.au=Arthur+G+Palmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fproteinnmrspectr0002unse_n8l9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Katzenberg, M. A. (2008). "Chapter 13: Stable Isotope Analysis: A Tool for Studying Past Diet, Demography, and Life History". <i>Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton</i> (edisi ke-2nd). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-471-79372-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-471-79372-4">978-0-471-79372-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+13%3A+Stable+Isotope+Analysis%3A+A+Tool+for+Studying+Past+Diet%2C+Demography%2C+and+Life+History&rft.btitle=Biological+Anthropology+of+the+Human+Skeleton&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-471-79372-4&rft.aulast=Katzenberg&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Audi, G.; Wapstra, A. H.; Thibault, C.; Blachot, J. & Bersillon, O. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf">"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Physics_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear Physics A (halaman belum tersedia)">Nuclear Physics A</a></i>. <b>729</b>: 3–128. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2008-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&rft.volume=729&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.au=Audi%2C+G.&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+A.+H.&rft.au=Thibault%2C+C.&rft.au=Blachot%2C+J.&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Famdc%2Fnubase%2FNubase2003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carlson_151-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_151_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Carlson, Neil (January 22, 2012). <i>Physiology of Behavior</i>. Methods and Strategies of Research. 11th edition. Pearson. hlm. 151. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-205-23939-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-205-23939-0">0-205-23939-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physiology+of+Behavior&rft.series=Methods+and+Strategies+of+Research&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2012-01-22&rft.isbn=0-205-23939-0&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neeb-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neeb_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neeb_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Neeb, Karl Heinz (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SJOE00whg44C&pg=PA227"><i>The Radiochemistry of Nuclear Power Plants with Light Water Reactors</i></a>. Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 227. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-013242-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-013242-7">3-11-013242-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Radiochemistry+of+Nuclear+Power+Plants+with+Light+Water+Reactors&rft.place=Berlin-New+York&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-11-013242-7&rft.aulast=Neeb&rft.aufirst=Karl+Heinz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSJOE00whg44C%26pg%3DPA227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewars-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewars_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewars_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lewars, Errol G. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modelingmarvelsc00lewa"><i>Modeling Marvels: Computational Anticipation of Novel molecules</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modelingmarvelsc00lewa/page/n151">141</a>–163. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6973">10.1007/978-1-4020-6973</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4020-6972-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4020-6972-7">978-1-4020-6972-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modeling+Marvels%3A+Computational+Anticipation+of+Novel+molecules&rft.pages=141-163&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6973&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-6972-7&rft.aulast=Lewars&rft.aufirst=Errol+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodelingmarvelsc00lewa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood483-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood483_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 483</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physorg.com/news693.html">"Polymeric nitrogen synthesized"</a>. physorg.com. 5 August 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124231419/http://www.physorg.com/news693.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Polymeric+nitrogen+synthesized&rft.date=2004-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physorg.com%2Fnews693.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gray_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gray, Theodore (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementsvisualex0000gray"><i>The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe</i></a>. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-57912-814-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-57912-814-2">978-1-57912-814-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements%3A+A+Visual+Exploration+of+Every+Known+Atom+in+the+Universe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Black+Dog+%26+Leventhal+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-57912-814-2&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felementsvisualex0000gray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schu-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schu_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schuch, A. F.; Mills, R. L. (1970). 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Undersea+Biomed.+Res.&rft.atitle=Effects+of+inert+gas+narcosis+on+behavior%E2%80%94a+critical+review&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=369-402&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4082343&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Ackles%2C+K.+N.&rft.au=Porlier%2C+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.rubicon-foundation.org%2F3019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rogers, W. H.; Moeller, G. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090901020853/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2522">"Effect of brief, repeated hyperbaric exposures on susceptibility to nitrogen narcosis"</a>. <i>Undersea Biomed. Res</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 227–32. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/2068005">2068005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2741255">2741255</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2522">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Undersea+Biomed.+Res.&rft.atitle=Effect+of+brief%2C+repeated+hyperbaric+exposures+on+susceptibility+to+nitrogen+narcosis&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=227-32&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2068005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2741255&rft.au=Rogers%2C+W.+H.&rft.au=Moeller%2C+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.rubicon-foundation.org%2F2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DCShx-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DCShx_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Acott, C. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Pacific+Underwater+Medicine+Society+Journal&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+diving+and+decompression+illness&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16986801&rft.aulast=Acott&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.rubicon-foundation.org%2F6004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kindwall-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kindwall_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kindwall, E. P.; Baz, A.; Lightfoot, E. N.; Lanphier, E. H.; Seireg, A. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Undersea+Biomed.+Res.&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+elimination+in+man+during+decompression&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=285-97&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2068005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1226586&rft.aulast=Kindwall&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rft.au=Baz%2C+A.&rft.au=Lightfoot%2C+E.+N.&rft.au=Lanphier%2C+E.+H.&rft.au=Seireg%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.rubicon-foundation.org%2F2741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usn1-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usn1_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supsalv.org/00c3_publications.asp?destPage=00c3&pageID=3.9"><i>US Navy Diving Manual, 6th revision</i></a>. United States: US Naval Sea Systems Command. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502023541/http://www.supsalv.org/00c3_publications.asp?destPage=00c3&pageId=3.9">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=US+Navy+Diving+Manual%2C+6th+revision&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=US+Naval+Sea+Systems+Command&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supsalv.org%2F00c3_publications.asp%3FdestPage%3D00c3%26pageID%3D3.9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Walker, Jearl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiley.com/college/phy/halliday320005/pdf/leidenfrost_essay.pdf">"Boiling and the Leidenfrost Effect"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fundamentals of Physics</i>: 1–4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213010916/https://www.wiley.com/college/phy/halliday320005/pdf/leidenfrost_essay.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamentals+of+Physics&rft.atitle=Boiling+and+the+Leidenfrost+Effect&rft.pages=1-4&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Jearl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiley.com%2Fcollege%2Fphy%2Fhalliday320005%2Fpdf%2Fleidenfrost_essay.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19878511">Liquid nitrogen cocktail leaves teen in hospital</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170412232656/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19878511">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-04-12 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., BBC News, October 8, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mattox, Brent S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140430205659/http://ucih.ucdavis.edu/docs/chemistry_301a.pdf">"Investigative Report on Chemistry 301A Cylinder Explosion"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Texas A&M University. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucih.ucdavis.edu/docs/chemistry_301a.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(reprint)</span> tanggal 2014-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investigative+Report+on+Chemistry+301A+Cylinder+Explosion&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University&rft.au=Mattox%2C+Brent+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fucih.ucdavis.edu%2Fdocs%2Fchemistry_301a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BCGACOPCP30-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BCGACOPCP30_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Compressed Gases Association (2000) BCGA Code of Practice CP30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcga.co.uk/preview/products.php?g1=3ff921&n=2">The Safe Use of Liquid nitrogen Dewars up to 50 litres.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070718050900/http://www.bcga.co.uk/preview/products.php?g1=3ff921&n=2">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-07-18 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0260-4809">0260-4809</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csb.gov/assets/1/19/Valero_Case_Study.pdf">Confined Space Entry - Worker and Would-be Rescuer Asphyxiated</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922022123/http://www.csb.gov/assets/1/19/Valero_Case_Study.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-09-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Valero Refinery Asphyxiation Incident Case Study.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/484813.stm">Inquiry after man dies in chemical leak</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107063950/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/484813.stm">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-01-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., BBC News, October 25, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usn-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usn_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/so/policies/liqn2"><i>Liquid Nitrogen – Code of practice for handling</i></a>. United Kingdom: Birkbeck, University of London. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141434/http://www.bbk.ac.uk/so/policies/liqn2">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2012-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liquid+Nitrogen+%E2%80%93+Code+of+practice+for+handling&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Birkbeck%2C+University+of+London&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbk.ac.uk%2Fso%2Fpolicies%2Fliqn2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Levey, Christopher G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/microeng/ln2.html">"Liquid Nitrogen Safety"</a>. Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020126/http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/microeng/ln2.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liquid+Nitrogen+Safety&rft.pub=Thayer+School+of+Engineering+at+Dartmouth&rft.au=Levey%2C+Christopher+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fengineering.dartmouth.edu%2Fmicroeng%2Fln2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFGreenwood,_Norman_N.;_Earnshaw,_A.1997" class="citation">Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i> (edisi ke-2), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7506-3365-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7506-3365-4">0-7506-3365-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7506-3365-4&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Norman+N.%3B+Earnshaw%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANitrogen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22254620">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/27px-P_science_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/41px-P_science_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/54px-P_science_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="371" /></span></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kimia" title="Portal:Kimia">Portal kimia </a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balashon.com/2008/07/neter-and-nitrogen.html">Etymology of Nitrogen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/007.htm">Nitrogen</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a></i> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/podcast/7/nitrogen">Nitrogen podcast</a> from the Royal Society of Chemistry's <i><a href="/wiki/Chemistry_World" title="Chemistry World">Chemistry World</a></i></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)"><small>(besar)</small></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lan­tanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam poliatomik">Nonlogam poliatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">Nonlogam diatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">Gas mulia</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Sifat kimia<br />belum diketahui </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unsur_diatomik" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Diatomicelements" title="Templat:Diatomicelements"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Diatomicelements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Diatomicelements (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Diatomicelements&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unsur_diatomik" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">Unsur</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekul_diatomik" title="Molekul diatomik">diatomik</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> H</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nitrogen</a> N</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">Oksigen</a> O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> F</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Klorin</a> Cl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Bromin</a> Br</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">Iodin</a> I</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nomor_E" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:E_number_infobox_930-949" title="Templat:E number infobox 930-949"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:E_number_infobox_930-949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:E number infobox 930-949 (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:E_number_infobox_930-949&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nomor_E" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_E" title="Nomor E">Nomor E</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pewarna_makanan" title="Pewarna makanan">Pewarna</a> (E100–199)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengawet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengawet">Pengawet</a> (E200–299)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antioksidan" title="Antioksidan">Antioksidan</a> & <a href="/wiki/Pengatur_keasaman" title="Pengatur keasaman">pengatur keasaman</a> (E300–399)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengental (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aditif_makanan#Kategori" class="mw-redirect" title="Aditif makanan">stabiliser</a> & <a href="/wiki/Emulsifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Emulsifier">emulsifier</a> (E400–499)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengatur_keasaman" title="Pengatur keasaman">Pengatur</a> <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti_gumpal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti gumpal (halaman belum tersedia)">anti gumpal</a> (E500–599)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perisa" title="Perisa">Penguat rasa</a> (E600–699)</li> <li><b>Lain-lain (E900–999)</b></li> <li>Bahan kimia tambahan (E1100–1599)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lilin" title="Lilin">Lilin</a> (E900–909)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glazing_agent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glazing agent (halaman belum tersedia)">Synthetic glazes</a> (E910–919)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flour_treatment_agent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flour treatment agent (halaman belum tersedia)">Improving agents</a> (E920–929)</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Packaging_gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Packaging gas (halaman belum tersedia)">Packaging gases</a> (E930–949)</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengganti_gula" title="Pengganti gula">Pemanis</a> (E950–969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foaming_agent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foaming agent (halaman belum tersedia)">Foaming agents</a> (E990–999)<i></i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_peroksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalsium peroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalsium peroksida</a> (E930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> (E938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> (E939)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diklorodifluorometana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diklorodifluorometana (halaman belum tersedia)">Diklorodifluorometana</a> (E940)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nitrogen</a> (E941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_monoksida" title="Dinitrogen monoksida">Dinitrogen monoksida</a> (E942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butana" title="Butana">Butana</a> (E943a)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isobutana" title="Isobutana">Isobutana</a> (E943b)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propana" title="Propana">Propana</a> (E944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">Oksigen</a> (E948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> (E949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐25crz Cached time: 20241122001016 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.041 seconds Real time usage: 2.636 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 41606/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 510809/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 29638/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 143794/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.742/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7620254/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2031.758 1 -total 28.89% 586.921 1 Templat:Kotak_info_nitrogen 28.06% 570.133 2 Templat:Infobox 27.37% 556.158 1 Templat:Infobox_element 25.71% 522.445 1 Templat:Reflist 22.18% 450.732 1 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