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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punjabi_salwar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punjabi_salwar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Punjabi salwar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punjabi_salwar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punjabi_kameez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punjabi_kameez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Punjabi kameez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punjabi_kameez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Female_dress:_Punjabi_salwar_suit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_dress:_Punjabi_salwar_suit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Female dress: Punjabi salwar suit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_dress:_Punjabi_salwar_suit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Male_Dress:_Punjabi_salwar_suit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Male_Dress:_Punjabi_salwar_suit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Male Dress: Punjabi salwar suit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Male_Dress:_Punjabi_salwar_suit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jhagga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jhagga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Jhagga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jhagga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kashmir_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kashmir_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Kashmir region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kashmir_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sindh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sindh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Sindh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sindh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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id="toc-Suthan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurta/Kurti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurta/Kurti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Kurta/Kurti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurta/Kurti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Types_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loose_Punjabi_suthan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loose_Punjabi_suthan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Loose Punjabi suthan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loose_Punjabi_suthan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tight_Punjabi_suthan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tight_Punjabi_suthan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Tight Punjabi suthan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tight_Punjabi_suthan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Upper_garments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_garments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3.1</span> <span>Upper garments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_garments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3.2</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Traditional loose trousers in South Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the combined suit, see <a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div 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transcriptions, with an appropriate <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ISO_639_codes" title="Lists of ISO 639 codes">ISO 639 code</a>. Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_multilingual_support_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates">multilingual support templates</a> may also be used.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Lang#Rationale" title="Template:Lang">See why</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Salwar</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salwar_Suit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Salwar_Suit.jpg/150px-Salwar_Suit.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Salwar_Suit.jpg/225px-Salwar_Suit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Salwar_Suit.jpg/300px-Salwar_Suit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Woman wearing a traditional salwar.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data category"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Materials</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">Wool</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">Linen</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Denim" title="Denim">Denim</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Viscose" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscose">Viscose</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Elastane" class="mw-redirect" title="Elastane">Elastane</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Corduroy" title="Corduroy">Corduroy</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">Twill</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Gabardine" title="Gabardine">Gabardine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Flannel" title="Flannel">Flannel</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">Velvet</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Georgette_(fabric)" title="Georgette (fabric)">Georgette</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)" title="Chiffon (fabric)">Chiffon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Crepe_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crepe (textile)">Crepe</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">Satin</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data brand">Various</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Salwar</b> or <b>shalwar</b> is cloth worn from the waist to the ankles, covering both legs separately. It is the lower-garment of the shalwar kameez suit which is widely-worn in South Asia. It is known for its lively hues, rich fabrics, and embroidery.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outfit has been a part of Punjabi tradition of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the national dress of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and since the later 1960s, the salwar is being used in government offices in Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salwar can be distinguished from the <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabi</a> suthan which is shorter than the salwar. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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title="Abbasid architecture">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Anatolian Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_architecture" title="Chinese Islamic architecture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_architecture" title="Fatimid architecture">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Indo-Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_architecture" title="Mamluk architecture">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_architecture" title="Somali architecture">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudano-Sahelian_architecture" title="Sudano-Sahelian architecture">Sudano-Sahelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_mosque" title="Tatar mosque">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_architecture" title="Swahili architecture">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_architecture" title="Umayyad architecture">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yemen" title="Architecture of Yemen">Yemeni</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.55em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_rug" title="Oriental rug">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_embroidery" title="Islamic embroidery">Embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_glass" title="Islamic glass">Glassware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_miniature" title="Islamic miniature">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_pottery" title="Islamic pottery">Pottery</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_clothing" title="Islamic clothing">Clothing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.55em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaya" title="Abaya">Abaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agal_(accessory)" title="Agal (accessory)">Agal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boubou_(clothing)" title="Boubou (clothing)">Boubou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burqa" title="Burqa">Burqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chador" title="Chador">Chador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headscarf" title="Headscarf">Headscarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b" title="Jilbāb">Jilbab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellabiya" title="Jellabiya">Jellabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaftan" title="Kaftan">Kaftan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kameez" class="mw-redirect" title="Kameez">Kameez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffiyeh" title="Keffiyeh">Keffiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiah" title="Kupiah">Kupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niq%C4%81b" title="Niqāb">Niqāb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkok" title="Songkok">Songkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)" title="Taqiyah (cap)">Taqiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawb" title="Thawb">Thawb</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Holidays</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.55em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27een" class="mw-redirect" title="Arba'een">Arba'een</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Ghadir" title="Eid al-Ghadir">al-Ghadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaand_Raat" title="Chaand Raat">Chaand Raat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">al-Fitr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamat_Day" title="Imamat Day">Imamat Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Qadr" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Qadr">al-Qadr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al_Bara%27at" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al Bara'at">Bara’at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Raghaib" title="Laylat al-Raghaib">Raghaib</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_literature" title="Islamic literature">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.55em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_literature" title="Arabic literature">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature" title="Azerbaijani literature">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_literature" title="Crimean Tatar literature">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_literature" title="Gambian literature">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_literature" title="Hausa literature">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_literature" title="Indonesian literature">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kashmir" title="Literature of Kashmir">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_literature" title="Kazakh literature">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_literature" title="Kurdish literature">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_literature" title="Kyrgyz literature">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_literature" title="Malaysian literature">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_literature" title="Malian literature">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_literature" title="Nigerian literature">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_literature_and_poetry" title="Pashto literature and poetry">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_literature" title="Punjabi literature">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_literature" title="Sindhi literature">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_literature" title="Somali literature">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_literature" title="South Asian literature">South Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_literature" title="Tajik literature">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_literature" title="Tatar literature">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_literature" title="Turkish literature">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_literature" title="Turkmen literature">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_literature" title="Urdu literature">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_literature" title="Uyghur literature">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_literature" title="Uzbek literature">Uzbek</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.55em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashik" title="Ashik">Ashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daf" title="Daf">Daf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastgah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dastgah">Dastgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendang_beleq" title="Gendang beleq">Gendang beleq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">Ghazal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamd" title="Hamd">Hamd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarigan" title="Jarigan">Jari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madih_nabawi" title="Madih nabawi">Madih nabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mappila_songs" title="Mappila songs">Mappilappattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%CA%BDat" title="Naʽat">Naʽat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasheed" title="Nasheed">Nasheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noha" title="Noha">Noha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qawwali" title="Qawwali">Qawwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_music" title="Sufi music">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talempong" title="Talempong">Talempong</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theatre">Theatre</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.55em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsawan" title="Bangsawan">Bangsawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cem_(Alevism)" title="Cem (Alevism)">Cem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karag%C3%B6z_and_Hacivat" title="Karagöz and Hacivat">Karagöz and Hacivat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27zieh" title="Ta'zieh">Ta'zieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">Wayang</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#e6e6ff;padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_culture" title="Template:Islamic culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_culture" title="Template talk:Islamic culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Afghani shalwar – tends to be loose.</li> <li>Anarkali shalwar – slim fitted salwar.</li> <li>Peshawari shalwar – is very loose down to the ankles.</li> <li>Balochi shalwar – has a very roomy salwar using large lengths of cloth.</li> <li>Punjabi shalwar - is straight</li> <li>Patiala shalwar – is wide at the top but fits closely to the legs and is gathered at the ankles.</li> <li>Saraiki shalwar – is very wide and baggy with many voluminous folds.</li> <li>Sindhi salwar – is less plaited at the waist.</li> <li>Sindhi kancha – has long pancha (cuffs) at ankles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shalwar is a lower garment, with different regions having different types. The earliest form of the shalwar originated in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and its use was spread to South Asia as well as the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> world, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and wherever the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turks</a> established their empires in the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> spread the use of the salwar throughout its empire.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salwar was brought in South Asia after the <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Islam in South Asia">arrival of Muslims</a> in the 13th century. It was first worn by Mughal nobles. The use of the salwar in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a> has been the result of influences from the Middle East, Central Asian Turks<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and finally, the Afghans. </p><p>In Punjab, there is a similar but older dress similar to the salwar known as suthan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Punjabi suthan suit which is made up of the head scarf, kurta/kurti and Punjabi suthan.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_dress" title="Jammu dress">Jammu dress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Churidar" title="Churidar">churidar</a>. The term <i>salwar kameez</i> also includes the Kashmiri <a href="/wiki/Phiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Phiran">Phiran/suthan outfit</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>, the salwar was made using a large amount of material but had no pleats or folds. The large salwar eventually gave rise to the Punjabi salwar.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punjabi_salwar">Punjabi salwar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Punjabi salwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its strictest sense, the salwar is baggy and loose straight down the legs, and gathered loosely at the ankles. During the medieval period, people adopted the Iraqi style of salwar in <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a> and neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of salwar is traditionally very baggy and gathered at the ankles. It is still worn by the Kurdish community in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. The presence of the baggy salwar was noted by Alberuni in the 11th century A.D.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continued to be envogue between the 16th and 18th centuries C.E. in <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Multani salwar is similar to the loose Punjabi suthan. Therefore, the distinction between the loose Punjabi suthan and the loose Multani salwar is fine and centres on the tight ankle band in the suthan, and on the suthan beginning to fit closer to the legs below the knees. </p><p>The original Punjabi loose salwar was not as baggy as the Multani style but was wide, with the gathering at the ankles being wide enough to cover the feet. Originally, up to ten yards of cloth was used to make Punjabi salwars.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original Punjabi salwar was also not as baggy as other forms of the salwar, such as the type worn in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khet_partug" class="mw-redirect" title="Khet partug">partug</a>), the Balochi salwar,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the loose Punjabi suthan, and gathers more quickly below the knees and ends in a tight band. Eventually the modern Punjabi salwar came into being which is slim fitting and does not have wide ends as before. </p><p>Another style of salwar is the Pothohari salwar of the <a href="/wiki/Pothohar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pothohar">Pothohar</a> area of the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pothohari salwar retains the wideness of the Punjabi suthan. The kameez is also wide. The chunni is a remnant of the large <a href="/wiki/Chador" title="Chador">chadar</a> popular in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">West Punjab</a> known as salari<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the large <a href="/wiki/Phulkari" title="Phulkari">Phulkari</a> worn in various areas of the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>. However, the Pothohari salwar suit did not attain universal acceptance. The Bahawalpuri salwar is also wide and baggy<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with many folds. The material traditionally used for the Bahawalpuri shalwar and suthan is known as Sufi, which is a mixture of cotton warp mixed with silk weft and gold threads running down the material.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nawab_Muhammad_Of_Bawalpur_1868-1900.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nawab Muhammad Of Bahawalpur (1868-1900) wearing a loose Bahawalpuri salwar"><img alt="Nawab Muhammad Of Bahawalpur (1868-1900) wearing a loose Bahawalpuri salwar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nawab_Muhammad_Of_Bawalpur_1868-1900.JPG/92px-Nawab_Muhammad_Of_Bawalpur_1868-1900.JPG" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nawab_Muhammad_Of_Bawalpur_1868-1900.JPG/138px-Nawab_Muhammad_Of_Bawalpur_1868-1900.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nawab_Muhammad_Of_Bawalpur_1868-1900.JPG/184px-Nawab_Muhammad_Of_Bawalpur_1868-1900.JPG 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nawab Muhammad Of Bahawalpur (1868-1900) wearing a loose Bahawalpuri salwar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Suba_Sadiq_Abbasi.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Prince Suba Sadiq Abbasi, Bahawalpur"><img alt="Prince Suba Sadiq Abbasi, Bahawalpur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Prince_Suba_Sadiq_Abbasi.JPG/80px-Prince_Suba_Sadiq_Abbasi.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Prince_Suba_Sadiq_Abbasi.JPG/121px-Prince_Suba_Sadiq_Abbasi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Prince_Suba_Sadiq_Abbasi.JPG/161px-Prince_Suba_Sadiq_Abbasi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prince Suba Sadiq Abbasi, Bahawalpur</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punjabi_kameez">Punjabi kameez</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Punjabi kameez"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Punjabi Kameez is a traditional outfit worn by both men and women in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab region</a> of South Asia, which includes parts of India and Pakistan. It consists of a long tunic or shirt, typically with long sleeves and a loose fit, paired with loose-fitting pants called salwar. The outfit is often accompanied by a scarf or stole, known as a dupatta, which is draped over the head or shoulders. The Punjabi Kameez is known for its vibrant colors, intricate embroidery, and rich fabrics, which vary depending on the occasion and the wearer's social status. It is a popular and versatile garment that can be worn for both casual and formal occasions, and has gained popularity worldwide due to its comfort and style. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Female_dress:_Punjabi_salwar_suit">Female dress: Punjabi salwar suit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Female dress: Punjabi salwar suit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi people">Punjabi</a> salwar suit is worn in the Punjab in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. It consists of the <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">chunni</i></span> (head scarf), <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">jhagga</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Kameez" class="mw-redirect" title="Kameez">kameez</a>) and the salwar when worn by women. The <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">chunni</i></span> can be of varying lengths. The <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">jhagga</i></span> (<span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">kameez</i></span>) is made up of two rectangular pieces sewn together with side slits, similar to a <a href="/wiki/Tunic" title="Tunic">tunic</a>. A <i><a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">kurta</a></i> is also worn. </p><p>The salwar is similar to pajamas or pants, wide at the top and tightened loosely around the ankles with hard material, called <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">paunchay</i></span>. In the Punjab, the salwar kameez is also known as the chunni jhagga salwar suit. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MissPooja2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Punjabi suit"><img alt="Punjabi suit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/MissPooja2.jpg/90px-MissPooja2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/MissPooja2.jpg/135px-MissPooja2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/MissPooja2.jpg/180px-MissPooja2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Punjabi suit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garba_-_graceful_flow_of_colours.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Girls in Punjabi suits"><img alt="Girls in Punjabi suits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Garba_-_graceful_flow_of_colours.jpg/120px-Garba_-_graceful_flow_of_colours.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Garba_-_graceful_flow_of_colours.jpg/180px-Garba_-_graceful_flow_of_colours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Garba_-_graceful_flow_of_colours.jpg/240px-Garba_-_graceful_flow_of_colours.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Girls in Punjabi suits</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_of_Puducherry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Women in Punjabi suits"><img alt="Women in Punjabi suits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Women_of_Puducherry.jpg/120px-Women_of_Puducherry.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Women_of_Puducherry.jpg/180px-Women_of_Puducherry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Women_of_Puducherry.jpg/240px-Women_of_Puducherry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2261" data-file-height="1696" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Women in Punjabi suits</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rohi%27s_Women_Dress_-_Bahawalpur_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rohi (Cholistan) woman's bandhani dress (Punjab, Pakistan)"><img alt="Rohi (Cholistan) woman's bandhani dress (Punjab, Pakistan)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Rohi%27s_Women_Dress_-_Bahawalpur_Museum.jpg/120px-Rohi%27s_Women_Dress_-_Bahawalpur_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Rohi%27s_Women_Dress_-_Bahawalpur_Museum.jpg/180px-Rohi%27s_Women_Dress_-_Bahawalpur_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Rohi%27s_Women_Dress_-_Bahawalpur_Museum.jpg/240px-Rohi%27s_Women_Dress_-_Bahawalpur_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rohi (Cholistan) woman's bandhani dress (Punjab, Pakistan)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dance,_Attari-Wagah,_Punjab_(10691014775).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dance, Attari-Wagah, women wearing Punjabi suits"><img alt="Dance, Attari-Wagah, women wearing Punjabi suits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dance%2C_Attari-Wagah%2C_Punjab_%2810691014775%29.jpg/120px-Dance%2C_Attari-Wagah%2C_Punjab_%2810691014775%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dance%2C_Attari-Wagah%2C_Punjab_%2810691014775%29.jpg/180px-Dance%2C_Attari-Wagah%2C_Punjab_%2810691014775%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dance%2C_Attari-Wagah%2C_Punjab_%2810691014775%29.jpg/240px-Dance%2C_Attari-Wagah%2C_Punjab_%2810691014775%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dance, Attari-Wagah, women wearing Punjabi suits</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Male_Dress:_Punjabi_salwar_suit">Male Dress: Punjabi salwar suit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Male Dress: Punjabi salwar suit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some parts of the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>, especially the urban areas of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab, Pakistan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> males wear the men's Punjabi suit. The upper garment is made of the straight cut kurta/kameez and the salwar resembles a slim fit pajama. In the past, the suthan was also commonly worn by men,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a trend which can still be seen in some parts of the region (especially <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shalvaar_qamiz.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Men's Punjabi salwar suit"><img alt="Men's Punjabi salwar suit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Shalvaar_qamiz.JPG/79px-Shalvaar_qamiz.JPG" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Shalvaar_qamiz.JPG/118px-Shalvaar_qamiz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Shalvaar_qamiz.JPG/157px-Shalvaar_qamiz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Men's Punjabi salwar suit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjabi_kurta_Ferozepur_1845.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Punjabi kurta Ferozepur 1845"><img alt="Punjabi kurta Ferozepur 1845" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Punjabi_kurta_Ferozepur_1845.jpg/61px-Punjabi_kurta_Ferozepur_1845.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Punjabi_kurta_Ferozepur_1845.jpg/92px-Punjabi_kurta_Ferozepur_1845.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Punjabi_kurta_Ferozepur_1845.jpg/123px-Punjabi_kurta_Ferozepur_1845.jpg 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Punjabi kurta Ferozepur 1845</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jhagga">Jhagga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jhagga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaznavid">Ghaznavid</a> Turks popularised the salwar/tunic attire in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kashmir_region">Kashmir region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kashmir region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of the suthan or the salwar has been adopted in other areas. People in <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> have changed the traditional attire from the peshwaj (flowing to the ankles) <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the kurta and Dogri suthan. The <a href="/wiki/Phiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Phiran">Phiran</a> is worn in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> traditionally flowed to the ankles, is now of varying lengths and is worn with a loose suthan. <a href="/wiki/Kashyap_Bandhu" title="Kashyap Bandhu">Kashyap Bandhu</a> is regarded as the person responsible for spreading the use of the suthan with the phiran amongst the communities that resisted to adopt its use, eventually leading to the use of the salwar.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the traditional Kashmiri suthan is loose, similar to the styles worn in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some wearing styles similar to the Dogri suthan. The Punjabi salwar suit has also become popular.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elsewhere in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, Muslim communities have traditionally worn the style of salwar worn by the <a href="/wiki/Mughals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughals">Mughals</a> combining them with <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> upper garments such as the jamma. However, the salwar is now worn by members of various communities in India and Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sindh">Sindh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sindh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Sindh, Shalwar Kameez or (Suthan ain Khamis) in <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> worn by men are of two types, one is worn usually in lower/south of Sindh which has wider ankles and does not get narrow at ankles this type of Shalwar is called (Kancha), other has narrow ankles worn mostly in upper/north of Sindh and is called (Suthan/Salwar), both has very less pleats, the Khamis is also made of different styles, traditionally Sindhi men used to wear either short or long <a href="/wiki/Angarkha" title="Angarkha">Angrakho</a> which is tied at either side or in middle, the shorter one was called Angelo, other style was called Kiriyo/Puthiyo, then the short <a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Kurtas</a> called (Pehrān/Pehriyān) were commonly worn, which used to be collarless like Angrakho and was tied at either side or in middle, and had half way slit opening in front unlike angrakhas which used to be completely slitted in front. The Pehrān/Pehriyān were also used to be embroidered with <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_embroidery" title="Sindhi embroidery">Sindhi bhart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)" title="Shisha (embroidery)">mirrorwork</a>. Above Angelo and Pehrān men also wore (Koti, <a href="/wiki/Sadri_(clothing)" title="Sadri (clothing)">Sadri</a>, Gidi). During <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, the colllars were introduced in Sindh, the Sindhi men started wearing Pehran with collars and buttons, also during that time the english long coats and jackets were introduced. The upper garment of Sindhi men was mostly short either till waist or till midway to thighs, except for some men, but today the modern Khamis reaches at least till knees, the modern Khamis can have (Gol daman) round cut at end corners or (Chokor Daman) square cut, this is now a everydays clothing of Sindhi men. The clothes are adorned with <a href="/wiki/Ajrak" title="Ajrak">Ajrak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cap" title="Sindhi cap">topi</a> or Patko (Turbans), but usually on everyday life, a various colored floral or checkered piece of cloth on shoulder or as turban, also used as a handkerchief, and for the protection from the heat of sun. </p><p>Women in <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> wear Salwar/Suthan which is almost similar to men, but back in time some women of lower Sindh used to wear a very baggy Salwars called "Chareno" but these are not normally worn now. Many Sindhi women also wore churidar <a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">pajamo</a> (Sohri Suthan). Traditional Sindhi women Suthan and Pajamo are made of bright colors and rich fabrics like <a href="/wiki/Sussi_(cloth)" title="Sussi (cloth)">soosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">satin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocades</a> which are heavily embroidered at ankles (Pācha). The Salwars are worn with the Cholo (kameez) or Ghagho (frock) which are also heavily intricately embroidered with <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_embroidery" title="Sindhi embroidery">Sindhi bhart</a> and other embellishments called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sindhi_Gaj_(tunic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sindhi Gaj (tunic) (page does not exist)">Gaj, Aggoti, Gichi</a>, back in time the Salwars were sometimes used to be hidden under a wide Paro/<a href="/wiki/Peshgeer" title="Peshgeer">Peshgeer</a> (Skirt), specially when a women went outside and over the head women wore a wide and long veils called Rawo/Gandhi/Pothi/Chuni/Salur.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional male dress in Bangladesh is the <a href="/wiki/Lungi" title="Lungi">lungi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Panjabi</a>. Men also wear a shirt called Kaabli. The traditional female dress is the sari but women also wear the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar_Kameez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salwar Kameez (page does not exist)">Salwar Kameez</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The salwar is a traditional garment in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> worn by men as the <a href="/wiki/Khet_partug" class="mw-redirect" title="Khet partug">Khet partug</a> outfit. The Khet is the tunic, similar to a robe and the partoog is the Afghanistan salwar, with multiple pleats. The male dress also includes the <a href="/wiki/Perahan_tunban" class="mw-redirect" title="Perahan tunban">perahan tunban</a>. The Pathani suit <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has become popular since the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The female Punjabi suit is also popular in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> which is called the Panjabi.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punjabi_suthan_and_kurta_suit">Punjabi suthan and kurta suit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Punjabi suthan and kurta suit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The outfit predates the salwar suit but is complementary to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>suthan</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word <i>svasthana</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which means tight fitting trousers. This, in turn, derives from the Central Asian word <i>samstamni</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suthan are trousers cut straight and tight, as opposed to the salwar, which is baggy and can be full of folds.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tight suthan is loose to the knees, but the loose Punjabi suthan is loose to the lower legs and very tight at the ankles. The salwar ends in a band which is loose fitting. Despite this difference, people use the words <i>suthan</i> and <i>salwar</i> interchangeably to refer to loose suthans and salwars,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the loose suthan resembling the salwar.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the use of the term <i>pajama</i>, the term <i>suthan</i> was used. Therefore, the woollen pajamas of Gilgit<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are also referred to as <i>suthan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these are not of the Punjabi variety. The churidar pajama was also referred to as <i>suthan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i>suthana</i> was also used in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, to refer to pajamas.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20th_(Punjab)_Regiment_of_Bengal_Native_Infantry._Painting_by_Walter_Fane_(1828-85),_1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/20th_%28Punjab%29_Regiment_of_Bengal_Native_Infantry._Painting_by_Walter_Fane_%281828-85%29%2C_1868.jpg/220px-20th_%28Punjab%29_Regiment_of_Bengal_Native_Infantry._Painting_by_Walter_Fane_%281828-85%29%2C_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/20th_%28Punjab%29_Regiment_of_Bengal_Native_Infantry._Painting_by_Walter_Fane_%281828-85%29%2C_1868.jpg/330px-20th_%28Punjab%29_Regiment_of_Bengal_Native_Infantry._Painting_by_Walter_Fane_%281828-85%29%2C_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/20th_%28Punjab%29_Regiment_of_Bengal_Native_Infantry._Painting_by_Walter_Fane_%281828-85%29%2C_1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>20th (Punjab) Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry. Painting by Walter Fane (1828-85), 1868</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suthan">Suthan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Suthan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of the suthan in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called suthana in Punjabi is a survival of the ancient svasthana.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Svasthana referred to a lower garment which can be described as a type of trousers. The svasthana was in use amongst the rulers in the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan">Mauryan</a> times (322–185 BCE).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence of the use of svasthana amongst the ruling classes has also been observed in <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a> between the 1st and 3rd centuries C.E.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was noted in use during the <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a> between 4th and 6th centuries C.E.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and during King Harsha's<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3b_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3b-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rule during the 7th century C.E.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A version of the svasthana has been noted in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">ancient India</a> which sticks to the calves with narrow circumferences of the lower opening.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is similar to the Punjabi ghuttana which is loose at the thighs and tightens at the knees and ends at the calves (with some versions ending at the knees and the lower legs being naked).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests that the use of the suthan is indigenous to the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>. Ultimately, however, the svasthana could have been introduced to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">ancient India</a> from <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but its use became popular amongst the general people in the local area during the medieval period,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly, the 7th century C.E.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3b_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3b-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wearing of the suthan and kurta continued to be prevalent during the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> period between 1526-1748 C.E.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been in use in unbroken succession since ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Review (1925) notes that the suthan was in much use in the Punjab, generally in white washable cloth but on feast days of rich material such as Lahore silk.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The svasthana was worn with the tunic called varbana<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was tight fitting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kurta/Kurti"><span id="Kurta.2FKurti"></span>Kurta/Kurti</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Kurta/Kurti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saraiki_children_wearing_cloths_%26_saraiki_Fashion_ofr_children.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Saraiki_children_wearing_cloths_%26_saraiki_Fashion_ofr_children.JPG/220px-Saraiki_children_wearing_cloths_%26_saraiki_Fashion_ofr_children.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Saraiki_children_wearing_cloths_%26_saraiki_Fashion_ofr_children.JPG/330px-Saraiki_children_wearing_cloths_%26_saraiki_Fashion_ofr_children.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Saraiki_children_wearing_cloths_%26_saraiki_Fashion_ofr_children.JPG/440px-Saraiki_children_wearing_cloths_%26_saraiki_Fashion_ofr_children.JPG 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Saraiki kurti</figcaption></figure> <p>The use of side slits in the straight cut Punjabi kurta can be traced to the 11th century C.E.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> female kurtaka worn in parts of north India and was a short shirt, with sleeves extending from the shoulders, to the middle of the body, and had slashes on the left and the right sides.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the same as the modern straight cut kurta which has side slits and worn by women in Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern usage, a short kurta is referred to as the kurti. However, traditionally, the kurti is a short cotton coat <sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(without side slits) and is believed to have descended from the tunic of the Shunga period (2nd century B.C.).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local style of kurti also includes the type that flares out around the waist.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional Punjabi kurti is front opening and is buttoned. Traditionally, a chain of gold or silver called zanjiri is woven into the buttons.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of the kurti by women has been noted during the 1600s<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the present day. The kurti can be front opening from below the neck to the waist, or cover the back but leave the stomach exposed with some styles fastening at the back. A variation of the kurti, known as a <a href="/wiki/Bandi_(jacket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandi (jacket)">bandi</a>, is sleeveless and is worn as a pullover with no side slits and front opening. A longer version of the bandi is known as a chemise which has a lace around its hem.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both bandi and chemise traditionally have been worn by women indoors. Somer versions are worn as pullovers with no side slits and font opening. The <a href="/wiki/Choli" title="Choli">choli</a> is referred to as kurti in Punjabi which can be half or full sleeved and be hip<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> length. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Punjabi women in <a href="/wiki/West_Punjab" title="West Punjab">west Punjab</a><sup id="cite_ref-himalmag.com_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-himalmag.com-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/East_Punjab" title="East Punjab">east Punjab</a><sup id="cite_ref-himalmag.com_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-himalmag.com-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which includes <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>) traditionally wore the Punjabi suthan suit which was made of a head scarf, upper garment and suthan.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Types_2">Types</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Punjabi suthan is of two types: loose to above the ankles and tight at the ankles, or loose to the knees, and then cut straight and tight to the ankles.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Loose_Punjabi_suthan">Loose Punjabi suthan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Loose Punjabi suthan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was noted by Alberuni in the 11th century C.E. that the local drawers are of gigantic proportions.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This could point to the loose Punjabi suthan which, unlike the Punjabi salwar, has multiple pleats and is very baggy with many folds. The suthan can also be arranged in plaits.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up to 20 yards of cloth can be used which hangs in innumerable folds.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some varieties, such as those of <a href="/wiki/Chakwal" title="Chakwal">Chakwal</a>, can use between 30 and 40 yards of cloth which are made with overhanging pleats.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The material used for the suthan is traditionally coloured cotton with silk lines going down and is called sussi.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sussi was manufactured in various places such as <a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur" title="Hoshiarpur">Hoshiarpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jhang" title="Jhang">Jhang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Instead of the Punjabi salwar paunchay at the bottom of the salwar, which are loose,<sup id="cite_ref-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Punjabi suthan is gathered midway between the knees and the ankles to fit closely to the leg and end in a tight band at the ankles which is what distinguishes the two lower garments.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tight band of the suthan is a remnant of the ancient svasthana trousers which were tight fitting to the thighs. The use of loose material is a local development. The pleats of the suthan either gather in circles resembling bangles, or fall vertically to the ankles. As the distinction between the loose Punjabi suthan and the baggy salwar rests on the ankle band, some view the loose Punjabi suthan as another version of the salwar,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the definition of suthan being reserved for the tight Punjabi suthan. The loose suthan is primarily a female costume, but in some areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a>, was worn by men too,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is also called tambi when worn by men.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loose suthan was also worn by men in <a href="/wiki/Bannu" title="Bannu">Bannu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has historical and cultural connections with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahari_women_kashmir3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Women in Punjabi suthan 1890"><img alt="Women in Punjabi suthan 1890" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pahari_women_kashmir3.jpg/91px-Pahari_women_kashmir3.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pahari_women_kashmir3.jpg/136px-Pahari_women_kashmir3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pahari_women_kashmir3.jpg/182px-Pahari_women_kashmir3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Women in Punjabi suthan 1890</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nihang_Singh_and_Nihang_Singhani.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="19th Century Punjabi suthan suit worn by the lady on the right"><img alt="19th Century Punjabi suthan suit worn by the lady on the right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Nihang_Singh_and_Nihang_Singhani.jpg/89px-Nihang_Singh_and_Nihang_Singhani.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Nihang_Singh_and_Nihang_Singhani.jpg/134px-Nihang_Singh_and_Nihang_Singhani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Nihang_Singh_and_Nihang_Singhani.jpg/179px-Nihang_Singh_and_Nihang_Singhani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="552" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">19th Century Punjabi suthan suit worn by the lady on the right</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjabi_Sikh_woman_in_Amritsar_Punjabi_suthan_and_short_kurta_1874.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Punjabi woman in Punjabi suthan and short kurta 1874"><img alt="Punjabi woman in Punjabi suthan and short kurta 1874" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Punjabi_Sikh_woman_in_Amritsar_Punjabi_suthan_and_short_kurta_1874.jpg/63px-Punjabi_Sikh_woman_in_Amritsar_Punjabi_suthan_and_short_kurta_1874.jpg" decoding="async" width="63" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Punjabi_Sikh_woman_in_Amritsar_Punjabi_suthan_and_short_kurta_1874.jpg/94px-Punjabi_Sikh_woman_in_Amritsar_Punjabi_suthan_and_short_kurta_1874.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Punjabi_Sikh_woman_in_Amritsar_Punjabi_suthan_and_short_kurta_1874.jpg/126px-Punjabi_Sikh_woman_in_Amritsar_Punjabi_suthan_and_short_kurta_1874.jpg 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Punjabi woman in Punjabi suthan and short kurta 1874</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Place,_Bikanir_1896._Woman_on_left_in_loose_Punjabi_suthan_suit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Woman on right in loose Punjabi suthan suit"><img alt="Woman on right in loose Punjabi suthan suit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Market_Place%2C_Bikanir_1896._Woman_on_left_in_loose_Punjabi_suthan_suit.jpg/120px-Market_Place%2C_Bikanir_1896._Woman_on_left_in_loose_Punjabi_suthan_suit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Market_Place%2C_Bikanir_1896._Woman_on_left_in_loose_Punjabi_suthan_suit.jpg/180px-Market_Place%2C_Bikanir_1896._Woman_on_left_in_loose_Punjabi_suthan_suit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Market_Place%2C_Bikanir_1896._Woman_on_left_in_loose_Punjabi_suthan_suit.jpg/240px-Market_Place%2C_Bikanir_1896._Woman_on_left_in_loose_Punjabi_suthan_suit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Woman on right in loose Punjabi suthan suit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Men_in_British_Punjab_army_in_tight_and_loose_Punjabi_suthans_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Men in British Punjab army in tight and loose Punjabi suthans 1895"><img alt="Men in British Punjab army in tight and loose Punjabi suthans 1895" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Men_in_British_Punjab_army_in_tight_and_loose_Punjabi_suthans_1895.jpg/120px-Men_in_British_Punjab_army_in_tight_and_loose_Punjabi_suthans_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Men_in_British_Punjab_army_in_tight_and_loose_Punjabi_suthans_1895.jpg/180px-Men_in_British_Punjab_army_in_tight_and_loose_Punjabi_suthans_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Men_in_British_Punjab_army_in_tight_and_loose_Punjabi_suthans_1895.jpg/240px-Men_in_British_Punjab_army_in_tight_and_loose_Punjabi_suthans_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="327" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Men in British Punjab army in tight and loose Punjabi suthans 1895</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Punjabi_woman_in_Kurti_and_suthan_visiting_the_Attar,_the_pharmacist._1852.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Punjabi woman in Kurti and suthan visiting the Attar, the pharmacist. 1852"><img alt="A Punjabi woman in Kurti and suthan visiting the Attar, the pharmacist. 1852" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A_Punjabi_woman_in_Kurti_and_suthan_visiting_the_Attar%2C_the_pharmacist._1852.jpg/120px-A_Punjabi_woman_in_Kurti_and_suthan_visiting_the_Attar%2C_the_pharmacist._1852.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A_Punjabi_woman_in_Kurti_and_suthan_visiting_the_Attar%2C_the_pharmacist._1852.jpg/180px-A_Punjabi_woman_in_Kurti_and_suthan_visiting_the_Attar%2C_the_pharmacist._1852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A_Punjabi_woman_in_Kurti_and_suthan_visiting_the_Attar%2C_the_pharmacist._1852.jpg/240px-A_Punjabi_woman_in_Kurti_and_suthan_visiting_the_Attar%2C_the_pharmacist._1852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Punjabi woman in Kurti and suthan visiting the Attar, the pharmacist. 1852 </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tight_Punjabi_suthan">Tight Punjabi suthan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tight Punjabi suthan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tight Punjabi suthan is a variation of the ancient svasthana, and was still popular in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a> in the 19th century. The tight suthan is baggy from the knees up<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tight from the knees down to the ankles<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a remnant of the tight fit ancient svasthana). The tight suthan remained popular in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">East Punjab</a> into the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, the tight suthan remained popular till the early 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Punjabi suthan is part of male and female attire and is part of traditional dress in the hills of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab, Pakistan</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bannu" title="Bannu">Bannu</a>. It is still a traditional garment in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a> where it is held in high regard.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gaddi<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> community wear the garment, especially in <a href="/wiki/Pathankot" title="Pathankot">Pathankot</a><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Nurpur (<a href="/wiki/Gurdaspur_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdaspur District">Gurdaspur District</a>).Its variation known as the churidar suthan is worn in the Punjab mountainous region<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially by the Gujjar community in the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereby the upper part is loose but below the knees, the tight part is sewn in folds to create a bangles look. When worn in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a>, the suthan is referred to as Dogri pants<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Dogri suthan. This is the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Churidar" title="Churidar">churidar</a> pyjama, which in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a> is also known as the (full length) ghuttana<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was adopted in <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> during the 19th century. Where the churidar suthan is tight up to the knees and wide above, the churidar pajama is tight below the calves and slightly loose above.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The waist fits closer than the suthan. </p><p>In the late 19th century, the slim line riding breeches known as <a href="/wiki/Jodhpurs" title="Jodhpurs">Jodhpuri</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were developed along the lines of the tight fitting Punjabi suthan, albeit the <a href="/wiki/Churidar" title="Churidar">churidar</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is cited as an inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the creation of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, women of the <a href="/wiki/Meo_(ethnic_group)" title="Meo (ethnic group)">meo</a> community of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> have adopted the salwar called khusni which, like the Punjabi suthan, is tight below the knees and loose above and is worn with a long kameez.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheetah_and_keeper_Jeypore._Man_in_tight_Punjabi_suthan._1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Man in tight Punjabi suthan. 1896"><img alt="Man in tight Punjabi suthan. 1896" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cheetah_and_keeper_Jeypore._Man_in_tight_Punjabi_suthan._1896.jpg/103px-Cheetah_and_keeper_Jeypore._Man_in_tight_Punjabi_suthan._1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cheetah_and_keeper_Jeypore._Man_in_tight_Punjabi_suthan._1896.jpg/154px-Cheetah_and_keeper_Jeypore._Man_in_tight_Punjabi_suthan._1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cheetah_and_keeper_Jeypore._Man_in_tight_Punjabi_suthan._1896.jpg/206px-Cheetah_and_keeper_Jeypore._Man_in_tight_Punjabi_suthan._1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="502" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Man in tight Punjabi suthan. 1896 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sepoys_of_20th_Punjab_Infantry_and_Hunza_Gun._1893._Men_in_Punjabi_tight_from_knees_suthan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1893. Men in Punjabi tight from knees suthan"><img alt="1893. Men in Punjabi tight from knees suthan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sepoys_of_20th_Punjab_Infantry_and_Hunza_Gun._1893._Men_in_Punjabi_tight_from_knees_suthan.jpg/120px-Sepoys_of_20th_Punjab_Infantry_and_Hunza_Gun._1893._Men_in_Punjabi_tight_from_knees_suthan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sepoys_of_20th_Punjab_Infantry_and_Hunza_Gun._1893._Men_in_Punjabi_tight_from_knees_suthan.jpg/180px-Sepoys_of_20th_Punjab_Infantry_and_Hunza_Gun._1893._Men_in_Punjabi_tight_from_knees_suthan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sepoys_of_20th_Punjab_Infantry_and_Hunza_Gun._1893._Men_in_Punjabi_tight_from_knees_suthan.jpg/240px-Sepoys_of_20th_Punjab_Infantry_and_Hunza_Gun._1893._Men_in_Punjabi_tight_from_knees_suthan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1893. Men in Punjabi tight from knees suthan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Men_of_the_British_Punjab_army_in_suthans_1895_Punjab_Hills._Churidar_suthan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Men of the British Punjab army in Punjabi churidar suthans 1895 Punjab Hills"><img alt="Men of the British Punjab army in Punjabi churidar suthans 1895 Punjab Hills" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Men_of_the_British_Punjab_army_in_suthans_1895_Punjab_Hills._Churidar_suthan.jpg/120px-Men_of_the_British_Punjab_army_in_suthans_1895_Punjab_Hills._Churidar_suthan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Men_of_the_British_Punjab_army_in_suthans_1895_Punjab_Hills._Churidar_suthan.jpg/180px-Men_of_the_British_Punjab_army_in_suthans_1895_Punjab_Hills._Churidar_suthan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Men_of_the_British_Punjab_army_in_suthans_1895_Punjab_Hills._Churidar_suthan.jpg/240px-Men_of_the_British_Punjab_army_in_suthans_1895_Punjab_Hills._Churidar_suthan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Men of the British Punjab army in Punjabi churidar suthans 1895 Punjab Hills</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_Hills_1895._Kulu_woman_in_churidar_suthan._Himachal_Pradesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Punjab Hills 1895. Kulu woman in Punjabi churidar suthan. Himachal Pradesh."><img alt="Punjab Hills 1895. Kulu woman in Punjabi churidar suthan. Himachal Pradesh." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Punjab_Hills_1895._Kulu_woman_in_churidar_suthan._Himachal_Pradesh.jpg/78px-Punjab_Hills_1895._Kulu_woman_in_churidar_suthan._Himachal_Pradesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Punjab_Hills_1895._Kulu_woman_in_churidar_suthan._Himachal_Pradesh.jpg/118px-Punjab_Hills_1895._Kulu_woman_in_churidar_suthan._Himachal_Pradesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Punjab_Hills_1895._Kulu_woman_in_churidar_suthan._Himachal_Pradesh.jpg/157px-Punjab_Hills_1895._Kulu_woman_in_churidar_suthan._Himachal_Pradesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Punjab Hills 1895. Kulu woman in Punjabi churidar suthan. Himachal Pradesh.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharatpore_maharajah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="he Nawab Muhammad Bahawal Khan Abbasi V Bahadur (1883–1907) of Bahawalpur State in suthan"><img alt="he Nawab Muhammad Bahawal Khan Abbasi V Bahadur (1883–1907) of Bahawalpur State in suthan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bharatpore_maharajah.jpg/89px-Bharatpore_maharajah.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bharatpore_maharajah.jpg/133px-Bharatpore_maharajah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bharatpore_maharajah.jpg/178px-Bharatpore_maharajah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">he Nawab Muhammad Bahawal Khan Abbasi V Bahadur (1883–1907) of Bahawalpur State in suthan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nawab_of_Bahawalpur.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nawab of Bahawalpur and generals in suthan"><img alt="Nawab of Bahawalpur and generals in suthan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Nawab_of_Bahawalpur.JPG/120px-Nawab_of_Bahawalpur.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Nawab_of_Bahawalpur.JPG/180px-Nawab_of_Bahawalpur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Nawab_of_Bahawalpur.JPG/240px-Nawab_of_Bahawalpur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nawab of Bahawalpur and generals in suthan</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Upper_garments">Upper garments</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Upper garments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Punjabi women wore the suthan with a kurta, kurti, kameez<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or jhaga. The kurti could be straight cut ending at the waist or be a mini version of the anga,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a gown flowing to below the knees and even to the ankles (akin to the <a href="/wiki/Anarkali_Salwar_Suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarkali Salwar Suit">anarkali</a>) also known as an angarkha<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and peshwaj<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is similar to a loose coat and wadded with cotton.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Variations">Variations</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes women replaced the suthan with a churidar pajama, (a tradition noted by Baden-Powell in 1872 in his book Hand-book of the Manufactures and Arts of the Punjab)<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would then be covered with a <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Ghagra" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi Ghagra">Punjabi Ghagra</a> when going outdoors. The <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_ghagra" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi ghagra">Punjabi ghagra</a> has its origins in the candataka which continued as a popular female dress in the seventh century.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of the svasthana was also popular in this period. However, the candataka ended at the thighs and the svasthana may have been used to cover the lower legs thus giving rise to the tradition of wearing the ghagra and the suthan together. Older Punjabi women wore churidar pajama and long kurta. These different styles were popular during the 1960s in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">East Punjab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain members of the Punjabi community however, were wearing the suthan and kurti on its own without the <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Ghagra" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi Ghagra">Punjabi Ghagra</a>, a tradition documented in the Gazetter of Hoshiarpur District 1883-84<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also in the 1915 Hissar Gazetteer<sup id="cite_ref-revenueharyana.gov.in_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revenueharyana.gov.in-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Punjabi women (and men) also wore the ghutanna, a type of pajama which was shorter than the full length pajama, and was tight and ended at the calf.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the use of the Suthan subsequently spread to the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a> area of the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (where it was not traditionally worn) and <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, in the plains of the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>, the suthan was replaced with the Punjabi version of the salwar and the Punjabi kameez which gained more and more popularity during the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohinder_Singh_Randhawa_1960-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_shalwar_suits" title="Saraiki shalwar suits">Saraiki shalwar suits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindhi dress">Sindhi dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Phiran">Phiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khet_partug" class="mw-redirect" title="Khet partug">Khet partug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perahan_tunban" class="mw-redirect" title="Perahan tunban">Perahan tunban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_salvar" title="Turkish salvar">Turkish salvar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salwar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000527/windows/main1.htm">The Tribune Pran Nevile 27 May 2000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lois May Burger (1963) A Study of Change in Dress as Related to Social and Political Conditions in an Area of North India <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CGFBAAAAYAAJ&q=+punjabi+lokh">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Textiles, Costumes, and Ornaments of the Western Himalaya by Omacanda Hāṇḍā <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JFPnh9B5zncC&q=punjabi&pg=PA278">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/karnal%20Gazeetter%201892.pdf">1892 Punjab Gazeetter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501200322/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/karnal%20Gazeetter%201892.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-05-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kumar, Raj (2008) Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e8o5HyC0-FUC&dq=suthan+punjab&pg=PA51">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PvoMAQAAIAAJ&q=purely">Basic facts about Pakistan, Issue 5 (1950)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l5Sb4e4cL7gC&dq=pakistan+national+dress+punjabi+suit&pg=PA386">Nelson,Lise . Seager,Joni (2008) A Companion to Feminist Geography</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Qadeer. Mohammad (2006) Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ll02P7G5XD8C&q=punjabi+shalwar&pg=PA69">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://szhaider.fashion.20m.com/whats_new.html">"HISTORY OF SALWAR KAMEEZ"</a>. <i>szhaider.fashion.20m.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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N. Goswamy, Kalyan Krishna, Tarla P. Dundh (1993) Indian Costumes in the Collection of the Calico Museum of Textiles, Volume 5 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1IHWAAAAMAAJ&q=west+india+peshwaj+is+known+as+anga">[54]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Punjab District Gazetteers - District Attock Year Published 1930 BK-000211-0160 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3MNFAQAAIAAJ&q=+anga">[55]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baden-Powell, Baden. Henry (1872) Hand-book of the Manufactures and Arts of the Punjab <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HnAIAAAAQAAJ&dq=kurta+punjab+new&pg=PA105">[56]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Uma Prasad Thapliyal (1978) Foreign elements in ancient Indian society, 2nd century BC to 7th century AD <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9X4BAAAAMAAJ&q=candataka+dress">[57]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gazetteer of the Hoshiarpur District: 1883-84. Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2001.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eIpuAAAAMAAJ&q=+suthan">[58]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revenueharyana.gov.in-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revenueharyana.gov.in_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501205845/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/HISSAR%201915.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/hissar%201915.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevenueharyana.gov.in%2Fhtml%2Fgazeteers%2Fhissar%25201915.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalwar" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.uk-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_121-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_121-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paintings and lifestyles of Jammu Region: 17th to 19th Century A.D Raj Kumar <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f-1XyQ2eIG8C&dq=punjabi+suthan+kameez&pg=PA145">[59]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ql87AAAAMAAJ&q=paro">S. 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