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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-História" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#História"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organização" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organização"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organização</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organização-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Organização</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organização-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Logomarca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logomarca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Logomarca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logomarca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programas_espaciais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programas_espaciais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Programas espaciais</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programas_espaciais-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Programas espaciais</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programas_espaciais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shuguang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shuguang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Shuguang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shuguang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programa_Shenzhou" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programa_Shenzhou"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Programa Shenzhou</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programa_Shenzhou-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programa_Chinês_de_Exploração_Lunar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programa_Chinês_de_Exploração_Lunar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programa_Chinês_de_Exploração_Lunar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estação_Espacial_Tiangong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estação_Espacial_Tiangong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Estação Espacial Tiangong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estação_Espacial_Tiangong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estrutura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estrutura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Estrutura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Estrutura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Estrutura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Estrutura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frota_de_veículos_lançadores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frota_de_veículos_lançadores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Frota de veículos lançadores</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frota_de_veículos_lançadores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Espaçoportos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Espaçoportos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Espaçoportos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Espaçoportos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Administração Espacial Nacional da China</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 54 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNSA" title="CNSA — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="CNSA" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إدارة الفضاء الوطنية الصينية — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدارة الفضاء الوطنية الصينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alministraci%C3%B3n_Espacial_Nacional_China" title="Alministración Espacial Nacional China — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alministración Espacial Nacional China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Milli_Kosmik_Agentliyi" title="Çin Milli Kosmik Agentliyi — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin Milli Kosmik Agentliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Кітайскае нацыянальнае касмічнае ўпраўленне — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кітайскае нацыянальнае касмічнае ўпраўленне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Китайско национално космическо управление — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайско национално космическо управление" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="চীনের জাতীয় মহাকাশ প্রশাসন — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনের জাতীয় মহাকাশ প্রশাসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineska_nacionalna_svemirska_agencija" title="Kineska nacionalna svemirska agencija — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kineska nacionalna svemirska agencija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3_Espacial_Nacional_de_la_Xina" title="Administració Espacial Nacional de la Xina — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Administració Espacial Nacional de la Xina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دەزگای بۆشاییی چین — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەزگای بۆشاییی چین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_vesm%C3%ADrn%C3%A1_agentura" title="Čínská národní vesmírná agentura — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čínská národní vesmírná agentura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationale_Raumfahrtbeh%C3%B6rde_Chinas" title="Nationale Raumfahrtbehörde Chinas — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nationale Raumfahrtbehörde Chinas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Εθνική Υπηρεσία Διαστήματος της Κίνας — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνική Υπηρεσία Διαστήματος της Κίνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="China National Space Administration" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ina_Nacia_Kosma_Agentejo" title="Ĉina Nacia Kosma Agentejo — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉina Nacia Kosma Agentejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3n_Espacial_Nacional_China" title="Administración Espacial Nacional China — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Administración Espacial Nacional China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_Riiklik_Kosmoseamet" title="Hiina Riiklik Kosmoseamet — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina Riiklik Kosmoseamet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinako_Espazio_Administrazio_Nazionala" title="Txinako Espazio Administrazio Nazionala — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinako Espazio Administrazio Nazionala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سازمان ملی فضایی چین — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان ملی فضایی چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinan_avaruushallinto" title="Kiinan avaruushallinto — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinan avaruushallinto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration_spatiale_nationale_chinoise" title="Administration spatiale nationale chinoise — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Administration spatiale nationale chinoise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="China National Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3n_Espacial_Nacional_Chinesa" title="Administración Espacial Nacional Chinesa — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Administración Espacial Nacional Chinesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="מינהל החלל הסיני — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מינהל החלל הסיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="चीनी राष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष प्रशासन — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी राष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष प्रशासन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineska_nacionalna_svemirska_agencija" title="Kineska nacionalna svemirska agencija — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kineska nacionalna svemirska agencija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnai_Nemzeti_%C5%B0r%C3%BCgyn%C3%B6ks%C3%A9g" title="Kínai Nemzeti Űrügynökség — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínai Nemzeti Űrügynökség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Administrasi_Antariksa_Nasional_Tiongkok" title="Badan Administrasi Antariksa Nasional Tiongkok — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badan Administrasi Antariksa Nasional Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenzia_spaziale_cinese" title="Agenzia spaziale cinese — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Agenzia spaziale cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="中国国家航天局 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国国家航天局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%ED%95%AD%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="중국 국가항천국 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국 국가항천국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="China National Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кинеска национална вселенска управа — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кинеска национална вселенска управа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ചൈനാ നാഷണൽ സ്പെയ്സ് അഡ്മിനിസ്ട്രേഷൻ — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈനാ നാഷണൽ സ്പെയ്സ് അഡ്മിനിസ്ട്രേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabatan_Pentadbiran_Angkasa_Negara_China" title="Jabatan Pentadbiran Angkasa Negara China — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jabatan Pentadbiran Angkasa Negara China" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="चिनियाँ राष्ट्रिय अन्तरिक्ष प्रशासन — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिनियाँ राष्ट्रिय अन्तरिक्ष प्रशासन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="China National Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinas_nasjonale_romfartsmyndighet" title="Kinas nasjonale romfartsmyndighet — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kinas nasjonale romfartsmyndighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Narodowa_Agencja_Kosmiczna" title="Chińska Narodowa Agencja Kosmiczna — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chińska Narodowa Agencja Kosmiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Китайское национальное космическое управление — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайское национальное космическое управление" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Naitional_Space_Admeenistration" title="China Naitional Space Admeenistration — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="China Naitional Space Admeenistration" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineska_nacionalna_svemirska_agencija" title="Kineska nacionalna svemirska agencija — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kineska nacionalna svemirska agencija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="චීන ජාතික අභ්‍යවකාශ පරිපාලනය — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චීන ජාතික අභ්‍යවකාශ පරිපාලනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="China National Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuo-%C5%A5ia_chang-tchien_%C5%A5%C3%BC" title="Kuo-ťia chang-tchien ťü — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kuo-ťia chang-tchien ťü" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNSA" title="CNSA — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="CNSA" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinas_nationella_rymdstyrelse" title="Kinas nationella rymdstyrelse — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kinas nationella rymdstyrelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சீன தேசிய விண்வெளி நிர்வாகம் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீன தேசிய விண்வெளி நிர்வாகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Ulusal_Uzay_%C4%B0daresi" title="Çin Ulusal Uzay İdaresi — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin Ulusal Uzay İdaresi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Китайське національне космічне управління — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайське національне космічне управління" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%A5c_V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Cục Vũ trụ Quốc gia Trung Quốc — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cục Vũ trụ Quốc gia Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="国家航天局 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国家航天局" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="国家航天局 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国家航天局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="國家航天局 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="國家航天局" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q320644#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Insignia_of_CNSA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_CNSA.svg/180px-Insignia_of_CNSA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_CNSA.svg/270px-Insignia_of_CNSA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Insignia_of_CNSA.svg/360px-Insignia_of_CNSA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Tipos_de_empresas" title="Tipos de empresas">Tipo</a></div> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_espacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Agência espacial">Agência espacial</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">Atividade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_espacial" title="Exploração espacial">Exploração espacial</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">Fundação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/22_de_abril" title="22 de abril">22 de abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> (31 anos) </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">Sede </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Pequim" title="Pequim">Pequim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Pessoas-chave</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left;">Zhang Kejian (administrador geral) </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;"><i>Website</i> oficial </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-align: left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/">cnsa.gov.cn</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Administração Espacial Nacional da China</b> (<b>AENC</b>; <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_chinesa" title="Língua chinesa">chinês</a>: <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:国">国</a><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:家">家</a><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:航">航</a><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:天">天</a><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:局">局</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>Guó Jiā Háng Tiān Jú</i>, literalmente: "Departamento Nacional de Astronáutica"; em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a>: <span lang="en"> <i>China National Space Administration</i></span> - <b>CNSA</b>) é a agência espacial estatal da <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" class="mw-redirect" title="República Popular da China">República Popular da China</a>, responsável pelo <a href="/wiki/Programa_espacial_chin%C3%AAs" title="Programa espacial chinês">programa espacial chinês</a>. Ela é a responsável pelo planejamento e desenvolvimento das atividades espaciais do país.<sup id="cite_ref-cnsa.gov.cn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnsa.gov.cn-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A AENC e a <a href="/wiki/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation">Corporação de Tecnologia e Ciência Aeroespacial da China</a> assumiram a direção do programa espacial antes subordinado ao extinto Ministério da Indústria Aeroespacial. Em 2020, seu orçamento girava em torno de 8,9 bilhões de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Dólar dos Estados Unidos">dólares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Programa_espacial_chin%C3%AAs" title="Programa espacial chinês">Programa espacial chinês</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Shenzhou5-3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Shenzhou5-3.JPG/170px-Shenzhou5-3.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Shenzhou5-3.JPG/255px-Shenzhou5-3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Shenzhou5-3.JPG/340px-Shenzhou5-3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A cápsula orbital da <a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_5" title="Shenzhou 5">Shenzhou 5</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Apesar do programa espacial chinês existir desde 1956, a AENC é um órgão relativamente novo, criado em 1993 quando o Ministério da Indústria Aeroespacial foi dividido entre ela e a CTCAC. O primeiro órgão seria responsável pela política, enquanto o segundo pela execução. A divisão não foi considerada satisfatória, já que as duas agências, se tornaram, com efeito, apenas uma grande agência, dividindo pessoal e gestão.<sup id="cite_ref-cnsa.gov.cn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnsa.gov.cn-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Como parte da completa reestruturação da área, em 1998 a CTCAC foi dividida em várias pequenas empresas estatais. A intenção era a de criar algo semelhante aos contratos do sistema de defesa dos países ocidentais, onde as entidades que são agências governamentais estabelecem as políticas de operação e integram seus requisitos técnicos e operacionais para execução a empresas que pertencem ao governo, mas não são dirigidas por ele.<sup id="cite_ref-cnsa.gov.cn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnsa.gov.cn-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organização"><span id="Organiza.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Organização</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Organização" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Organização"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:BACC_after_SZ7_mission.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BACC_after_SZ7_mission.jpg/220px-BACC_after_SZ7_mission.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BACC_after_SZ7_mission.jpg/330px-BACC_after_SZ7_mission.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BACC_after_SZ7_mission.jpg/440px-BACC_after_SZ7_mission.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Controle_de_Miss%C3%A3o_de_Pequim" title="Centro de Controle de Missão de Pequim">Centro de Controle de Missão de Pequim</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A Administração Espacial foi criada como instituição governamental para desenvolver e cumprir as obrigações internacionais da China, com a aprovação da oitava <a href="/wiki/Assembleia_Popular_Nacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembleia Popular Nacional">Assembleia Popular Nacional da China</a>. A nona Assembleia atribuiu a ela o <i><a href="/wiki/Estatuto_social" title="Estatuto social">status</a></i> de estrutura interna da Comissão de Ciências, Tecnologia e Indústria para a Defesa Nacional. A partir daí a agência assumiu as seguintes responsabilidades: assinatura de acordos governamentais na área espacial em benefício das organizações, troca de conhecimento técnico e científico intergovernamental e a responsabilidade pela execução das políticas espaciais nacionais e gestão nacional de ciência, tecnologia e indústria espaciais. </p><p>Até o momento, a China tem assinado acordos governamentais de cooperação espacial com o <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paquist%C3%A3o" title="Paquistão">Paquistão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a>, <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A1lia" title="Itália">Itália</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ucr%C3%A2nia" title="Ucrânia">Ucrânia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reino_Unido" title="Reino Unido">Reino Unido</a> e <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> e entre outros países. Conquistas significativas na área do conhecimento espacial foram conseguidas através dessa cooperação e acordos bilaterais e multilaterais.<sup id="cite_ref-cnsa.gov.cn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnsa.gov.cn-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Os administradores da agência espacial são indicados pelo <a href="/wiki/Conselho_de_Estado_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" title="Conselho de Estado da República Popular da China">Conselho de Estado</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logomarca">Logomarca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Logomarca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Logomarca"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A logomarca da AENC é similar à da Corporação de Tecnologia e Ciência Aeroespacial. A seta no meio tem forma parecida com um <a href="/wiki/Caractere" title="Caractere">caractere</a> chinês que significa 'humano' ou 'pessoa' para indicar que o homem é o centro das explorações espaciais. As três <a href="/wiki/Elipse" title="Elipse">elipses</a> concêntricas representam três <a href="/wiki/Velocidade_de_escape" title="Velocidade de escape">velocidades de escape</a>, as velocidades mínimas para atingir uma <a href="/wiki/%C3%93rbita" title="Órbita">órbita</a> maior sustentável, para escapar do <a href="/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade">sistema gravitacional</a> terrestre e para escapar do <a href="/wiki/Sistema_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema solar">sistema solar</a>, três marcos da exploração espacial. O segundo anel é desenhado em <a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">negrito</a>, para enfatizar que a China já superou este desafio (a exploração do sistema terrestre) e está a caminho do segundo estágio de seu desafio, pelo interior do sistema solar.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programas_espaciais">Programas espaciais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Programas espaciais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Programas espaciais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shuguang">Shuguang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Shuguang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Shuguang"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Shuguang" title="Shuguang">Shuguang</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shuguang" title="Shuguang">Shuguang</a> foi a primeira <a href="/wiki/Nave_espacial" title="Nave espacial">nave espacial</a> proposta pela <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" class="mw-redirect" title="República Popular da China">República Popular da China</a>, durante o fim da década de 1960 e início da década de 1970, que contudo, nunca foi construída. O projeto era uma cápsula espacial para dois homens, similar a espaçonave <a href="/wiki/Projeto_Gemini" title="Projeto Gemini">Gemini</a>, e seria lançada em 1973. Por causa de problemas financeiros e políticos, Shuguang foi cancelada em 13 de maio de 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Astronautix_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astronautix-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programa_Shenzhou">Programa Shenzhou</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Programa Shenzhou" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Programa Shenzhou"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Programa_Shenzhou" title="Programa Shenzhou">Programa Shenzhou</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Shenzhou_13_roll_out.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Shenzhou_13_roll_out.jpg/220px-Shenzhou_13_roll_out.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Shenzhou_13_roll_out.jpg/330px-Shenzhou_13_roll_out.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Shenzhou_13_roll_out.jpg/440px-Shenzhou_13_roll_out.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>O foguete transportador <a href="/wiki/Longa_Marcha_2F" title="Longa Marcha 2F">Longa Marcha 2F</a> da China com a nave <a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_13" title="Shenzhou 13">Shenzhou 13</a> na área de lançamento do <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_de_Sat%C3%A9lites_de_Jiuquan" title="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Jiuquan">Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Jiuquan</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Programa_Shenzhou" title="Programa Shenzhou">Programa Shenzhou</a> é um programa espacial de missões tripuladas da <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" class="mw-redirect" title="República Popular da China">República Popular da China</a>. Desenvolvido desde 1992 e iniciado em 1999 com a nave não-tripulada <a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_1" title="Shenzhou 1">Shenzhou 1</a>, ele colocou em <a href="/wiki/%C3%93rbita" title="Órbita">órbita</a> o primeiro chinês, <a href="/wiki/Yang_Liwei" title="Yang Liwei">Yang Liwei</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_5" title="Shenzhou 5">Shenzhou 5</a>, em 15 de outubro de 2003. O centro de comando do programa fica no Centro de Comando e Controle Aeroespacial de Pequim e recebe suporte e apoio de engenharia e administração para as missões tripuladas do Departamento de Engenharia Espacial Tripulada da China.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programa_Chinês_de_Exploração_Lunar"><span id="Programa_Chin.C3.AAs_de_Explora.C3.A7.C3.A3o_Lunar"></span>Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Programa_Chin%C3%AAs_de_Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Lunar" title="Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar">Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png/220px-ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png/330px-ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png/440px-ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png 2x" data-file-width="5324" data-file-height="3204" /></a><figcaption>Em 2019, a chinesa <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> foi a primeira sonda a pousar no <a href="/wiki/Lado_oculto_da_Lua" title="Lado oculto da Lua">lado oculto da Lua</a><sup id="cite_ref-planetary_success_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-planetary_success-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>O <a href="/wiki/Programa_Chin%C3%AAs_de_Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Lunar" title="Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar">Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar</a> é um programa espacial de missões robóticas e humanas à <a href="/wiki/Lua" title="Lua">Lua</a> realizado pela CSNA. O programa se utiliza de sondas orbitais <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e" title="Chang'e">Chang'e</a>, módulos de alunissagem, rovers e espaçonaves de retorno de amostras, lançados de foguetes Longa Mancha, do <a href="/wiki/Centro_Espacial_de_Xichang" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro Espacial de Xichang">Centro Espacial de Xichang</a>. Os lançamentos e os voos são monitorados constantemente por um sistema de telemetria, rastreamento e controle composto de antenas de rádio de 50 m de comprimento baseadas em Pequim e de 40 m baseadas em Xangai, Kunming e Ürümqi, formando um cinturão de antenas de 3000 km. Um programa de aplicação terrestre é responsável pela recepção de dados.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A primeira espaçonave do programa lunar foi a sonda não-tripulada <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a>, lançada em 24 de outubro de 2007 e que completou sua missão com sucesso.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> A segunda, <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a>, lançada em 1 de outubro de 2010, também obteve sucesso em sua missão.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> A terceira, <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a>, e primeira da segunda fase, foi uma sonda para <a href="/wiki/Alunissagem" title="Alunissagem">alunissagem</a>, que transportou o primeiro <i>rover</i> lunar chinês, o "Coelho de Jade" (Yutu), lançada em 1 de dezembro de 2013 e que se encontra a caminho do satélite.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Uma expedição humana está prevista para ocorrer entre 2025 e 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-landing_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landing-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A a quarta missão, a <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a>, foi a segunda <a href="/wiki/Sonda_espacial" title="Sonda espacial">sonda espacial</a> chinesa a pousar na <a href="/wiki/Lua" title="Lua">Lua</a>, construída como gêmea e suplente da <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a>, como a <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a> foi da <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a>. Após o sucesso da missão <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a>, a configuração da Chang'e 4 será ajustada para equipamento de teste da <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> que vai recolher amostras da <a href="/wiki/Superf%C3%ADcie_lunar" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfície lunar">superfície lunar</a> e retornar com elas para a <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a>. A missão foi lançada em 12 de dezembro de 2018, como parte da segunda fase do <a href="/wiki/Programa_Chin%C3%AAs_de_Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Lunar" title="Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar">Programa Chinês de Exploração Lunar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> A sonda aterrissou no <a href="/wiki/Lado_oculto_da_Lua" title="Lado oculto da Lua">lado oculto da Lua</a> em 3 de janeiro de 2019 às 02h26 UTC, algo até então inédito na história da <a href="/wiki/Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_espacial" title="Exploração espacial">exploração espacial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-planetary_success_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-planetary_success-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estação_Espacial_Tiangong"><span id="Esta.C3.A7.C3.A3o_Espacial_Tiangong"></span>Estação Espacial Tiangong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar secção: Estação Espacial Tiangong" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Estação Espacial Tiangong"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Tiangong_Space_Station_Rendering_2021.10.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tiangong_Space_Station_Rendering_2021.10.png/220px-Tiangong_Space_Station_Rendering_2021.10.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tiangong_Space_Station_Rendering_2021.10.png/330px-Tiangong_Space_Station_Rendering_2021.10.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tiangong_Space_Station_Rendering_2021.10.png/440px-Tiangong_Space_Station_Rendering_2021.10.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Renderização da <a href="/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Tiangong" title="Estação Espacial Tiangong">Estação Espacial Tiangong</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Tiangong" title="Tiangong">Tiangong</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Tiangong" title="Estação Espacial Tiangong">Estação Espacial Tiangong</a><sup id="cite_ref-dw202104_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw202104-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-xinhua202104_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xinhua202104-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> é uma <a href="/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_espacial" title="Estação espacial">estação espacial</a> em <a href="/wiki/%C3%93rbita_terrestre_baixa" title="Órbita terrestre baixa">órbita terrestre baixa</a> entre 340-450 km acima da superfície da Terra. A Estação Espacial Tiangong, uma vez completa, que terá cerca de um quinto da massa da <a href="/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Internacional" title="Estação Espacial Internacional">Estação Espacial Internacional</a> e aproximadamente a mesma massa da estação espacial <a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a>. É esperado que a Tiangong tenha uma massa entre 80 e 100t. As operações serão controladas a partir do <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Controle_de_Miss%C3%A3o_de_Pequim" title="Centro de Controle de Missão de Pequim">Centro de Controle de Missão de Pequim</a>. O módulo central, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianhe (página não existe)">Tianhe</a>, foi lançado no dia 29 de abril de 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-dw202104_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw202104-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-xinhua202104_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xinhua202104-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estrutura">Estrutura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar secção: Estrutura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Estrutura"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frota_de_veículos_lançadores"><span id="Frota_de_ve.C3.ADculos_lan.C3.A7adores"></span>Frota de veículos lançadores</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar secção: Frota de veículos lançadores" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Frota de veículos lançadores"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2020%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5_%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7B%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%9E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F_%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%A8%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BA%8F%E5%B9%95.webm/220px--2020%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5_%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7B%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%9E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F_%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%A8%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BA%8F%E5%B9%95.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="158" data-mwtitle="2020年5月5日_长征五号B火箭首飞成功_拉开中国空间站在轨建造任务序幕.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Ficheiro:2020%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5_%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7B%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%9E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F_%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%A8%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BA%8F%E5%B9%95.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/2020%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5_%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7B%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%9E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F_%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%A8%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BA%8F%E5%B9%95.webm/2020%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5_%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7B%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%9E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F_%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%A8%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BA%8F%E5%B9%95.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/2020%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5_%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7B%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%9E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F_%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%A8%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BA%8F%E5%B9%95.webm/2020%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5_%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7B%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%9E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F_%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%A8%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BA%8F%E5%B9%95.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/2020%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5_%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7B%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%9E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F_%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%A8%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BA%8F%E5%B9%95.webm/2020%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5_%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7B%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%9E%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F_%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%A8%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BA%8F%E5%B9%95.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Longa_Marcha_5" title="Longa Marcha 5">Longa Marcha 5</a> lançado a partir do <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_Espacial_de_Wenchang" title="Centro de Lançamento Espacial de Wenchang">Centro de Lançamento Espacial de Wenchang</a>, maio de 2020</figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Longa_Marcha_(fam%C3%ADlia_de_foguetes)" title="Longa Marcha (família de foguetes)">Longa Marcha (família de foguetes)</a></div> <p>A família de foguetes <a href="/wiki/Longa_Marcha_(fam%C3%ADlia_de_foguetes)" title="Longa Marcha (família de foguetes)">Longa Marcha</a> são <a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_lan%C3%A7amento_descart%C3%A1vel" title="Sistema de lançamento descartável">veículos lançadores descartáveis</a>, operados pela <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" class="mw-redirect" title="República Popular da China">República Popular da China</a>. O foguete Longa Marcha utiliza <a href="/wiki/Propelente" title="Propelente">propelente</a> líquido em seu primeiro estágio, como o combustível a ((CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NNH<sub>2</sub>) <a href="/wiki/Dimetil-hidrazina_assim%C3%A9trica" title="Dimetil-hidrazina assimétrica">dimetil-hidrazina assimétrica</a> e o oxidante (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) <a href="/wiki/Tetr%C3%B3xido_de_Nitrog%C3%AAnio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetróxido de Nitrogênio">Tetróxido de Nitrogênio</a>. Cada compartimento possui um tanque de combustível e um tanque de oxidante.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A China comercializa serviços de lançamento através da <a href="/wiki/Corpora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Ci%C3%AAncia_e_Tecnologia_Aeroespacial_da_China" title="Corporação de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial da China">Corporação de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial da China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Seus esforços para lançar satélites de comunicação sofreram um golpe em meados da década de 1990, depois que os <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> pararam de emitir licenças de exportação para empresas para permitir que lançassem em veículos de lançamento chineses por medo de que isso ajudasse os <a href="/wiki/For%C3%A7as_Armadas_da_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Forças Armadas da China">militares da China</a>. Diante disso, a <a href="/wiki/Thales_Alenia_Space" title="Thales Alenia Space">Thales Alenia Space</a> construiu o satélite <a href="/wiki/Chinasat_6B" title="Chinasat 6B">Chinasat 6B</a> sem nenhum componente dos Estados Unidos, o que permitiu que ele fosse lançado em um veículo de lançamento chinês sem violar as restrições do Regulamento Internacional de Tráfego de Armas dos Estados Unidos (ITAR).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Espaçoportos"><span id="Espa.C3.A7oportos"></span>Espaçoportos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar secção: Espaçoportos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Espaçoportos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="width: 302px; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; margin: auto; float:right;clear:right; ;background:#F9F9F9"><div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; padding: 0px; width: 300px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Administração Espacial Nacional da China (China)"><img alt="Administração Espacial Nacional da China (China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/300px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/450px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/600px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 37.3%; left: 43.8%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; z-index:100;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Disc_Plain_red_(edge).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/12px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/16px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; z-index:90; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; left: -6.5em; text-align: right;"><span style="padding: 1px;"><small><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_lan%C3%A7amento_de_sat%C3%A9lites_de_Jiuquan" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro de lançamento de satélites de Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></small></span></div></div> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 42.1%; left: 62.3%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; z-index:100;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Disc_Plain_red_(edge).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/12px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/16px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; z-index:90; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; top:-2em; left:-3em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centro_de_lan%C3%A7amento_de_sat%C3%A9lites_de_Taiyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centro de lançamento de satélites de Taiyuan (página não existe)">Taiyuan</a></small></span></div></div> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 95.5%; left: 61.2%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; z-index:100;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Disc_Plain_red_(edge).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/12px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/16px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; z-index:90; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><span style="padding: 1px;"><small><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_Espacial_de_Wenchang" title="Centro de Lançamento Espacial de Wenchang">Wenchang</a></small></span></div></div> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 71.8%; left: 47%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; z-index:100;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Disc_Plain_red_(edge).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/12px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/16px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; z-index:90; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; top:-2em; left:-3em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;"><small><a href="/wiki/Centro_Espacial_de_Xichang" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro Espacial de Xichang">Xichang</a></small></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 90%">Localização dos espaçoportos da China</div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_de_Sat%C3%A9lites_de_Jiuquan" title="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Jiuquan">Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_de_Sat%C3%A9lites_de_Taiyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Taiyuan (página não existe)">Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_de_Sat%C3%A9lites_de_Xichang" title="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Xichang">Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_Espacial_de_Wenchang" title="Centro de Lançamento Espacial de Wenchang">Centro de Lançamento Espacial de Wenchang</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Instalações de lançamento da CSNA</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Jiuquan_VAB.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Jiuquan"><img alt="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Jiuquan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jiuquan_VAB.png/320px-Jiuquan_VAB.png" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jiuquan_VAB.png/480px-Jiuquan_VAB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jiuquan_VAB.png/640px-Jiuquan_VAB.png 2x" data-file-width="1587" data-file-height="893" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_de_Sat%C3%A9lites_de_Jiuquan" title="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Jiuquan">Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Jiuquan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Xichang_launch_center_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Xichang"><img alt="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Xichang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Xichang_launch_center_4.jpg/264px-Xichang_launch_center_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Xichang_launch_center_4.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_de_Sat%C3%A9lites_de_Xichang" title="Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Xichang">Centro de Lançamento de Satélites de Xichang</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Launch_of_Tianhe_Core_Module_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centro de Lançamento Espacial de Wenchang"><img alt="Centro de Lançamento Espacial de Wenchang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Launch_of_Tianhe_Core_Module_%28Cropped%29.jpg/202px-Launch_of_Tianhe_Core_Module_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Launch_of_Tianhe_Core_Module_%28Cropped%29.jpg/303px-Launch_of_Tianhe_Core_Module_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Launch_of_Tianhe_Core_Module_%28Cropped%29.jpg/404px-Launch_of_Tianhe_Core_Module_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_Espacial_de_Wenchang" title="Centro de Lançamento Espacial de Wenchang">Centro de Lançamento Espacial de Wenchang</a></div> </li> </ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cnsa.gov.cn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnsa.gov.cn_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnsa.gov.cn_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnsa.gov.cn_1-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnsa.gov.cn_1-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228194440/http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/n620681/n771918/index.html">«Organization and Function»</a>. China National Space Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de junho de 2012</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/n620681/n771918/index.html">original</a> em 28 de fevereiro de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=Organization+and+Function&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=China+National+Space+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnsa.gov.cn%2Fn615709%2Fn620681%2Fn771918%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinapower.csis.org/chinese-space-station/">«What's Driving China's Race to Build a Space Station?»</a>. ChinaPower Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de dezembro de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=What%99s+Driving+China%99s+Race+to+Build+a+Space+Station%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ChinaPower+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinapower.csis.org%2Fchinese-space-station%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacechina.com/qywh_qysbxt_sjsbxt.shtml">«Shìjué Shìbié Xìtǒng» <bdi lang="zh">视觉识别系统</bdi> [Visual Identification System]</a>. <i>spacechina.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de maio de 2009</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627025632/http://www.spacechina.com/qywh_qysbxt_sjsbxt.shtml">Cópia arquivada em 27 de junho de 2009</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.atitle=Sh%C3%ACju%C3%A9+Sh%C3%ACbi%C3%A9+X%C3%ACt%C7%92ng+%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spacechina.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacechina.com%2Fqywh_qysbxt_sjsbxt.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astronautix-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Astronautix_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/craft/shuuang1.htm">«Shuguang 1»</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de agosto de 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.atitle=Shuguang+1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fcraft%2Fshuuang1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100412021625/http://www.spacefoundation.org/news/story.php?id=943">«China's Manned Space Program Takes the Stage at 26th National Space Symposium»</a>. The Space Foundation. 10 de abril de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de junho de 2012</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacefoundation.org/news/story.php?id=943">original</a> em 12 de abril de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=China%27s+Manned+Space+Program+Takes+the+Stage+at+26th+National+Space+Symposium&rft.date=2010-04-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Space+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacefoundation.org%2Fnews%2Fstory.php%3Fid%3D943&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-planetary_success-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-planetary_success_6-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-planetary_success_6-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/change4-success.html">«China successfully lands Chang'e-4 on far side of Moon»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de janeiro de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=China+successfully+lands+Chang%27e-4+on+far+side+of+Moon&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetary.org%2Fblogs%2Fjason-davis%2Fchange4-success.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.enorth.com.cn/system/2006/08/19/001388423.shtml">巨型望远镜送“嫦娥”飞月-望远镜,嫦娥-北方网-科技无限</a> (chinês)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-10/24/content_6937622.htm">«China's 1st moon orbiter enters Earth orbit»</a>. ChinaView<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de dezembro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=China%27s+1st+moon+orbiter+enters+Earth+orbit&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ChinaView&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2007-10%2F24%2Fcontent_6937622.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Clark, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1010/01change2launch/">«China's second moon probe dispatched from Earth»</a>. SpaceflightNow<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de dezembro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.btitle=China%27s+second+moon+probe+dispatched+from+Earth&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SpaceflightNow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflightnow.com%2Fnews%2Fn1010%2F01change2launch%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceflight101.com/change-3.html">«Chang'e 3 - Mission Overview»</a>. Spaceflight101<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de dezembro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=Chang%27e+3+-+Mission+Overview&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Spaceflight101&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflight101.com%2Fchange-3.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-landing-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-landing_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-05/24/content_11425131.htm">«China considering manned lunar landing in 2025-2030»</a>. ChinaView<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de dezembro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=China+considering+manned+lunar+landing+in+2025-2030&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ChinaView&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2009-05%2F24%2Fcontent_11425131.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/16/china-celebrates-lunar-probe-and-announces-return-plans">«China Celebrates Lunar Probe and Announces Return Plans»</a>. New York Times. 16 de dezembro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de dezembro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=China+Celebrates+Lunar+Probe+and+Announces+Return+Plans&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F12%2F16%2Fchina-celebrates-lunar-probe-and-announces-return-plans&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/China/ChangE/ChangE3Diary.php#end">«Chang'e Diary»</a>. Zarya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=Chang%27e+Diary&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Zarya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zarya.info%2FDiaries%2FChina%2FChangE%2FChangE3Diary.php%23end&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw202104-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-dw202104_14-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-dw202104_14-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/china-launches-first-tiangong-space-station-module/a-57369206">«China launches first Tiangong space station module»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de maio de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=China+launches+first+Tiangong+space+station+module&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fchina-launches-first-tiangong-space-station-module%2Fa-57369206&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202104/29/WS608a0379a31024ad0babb1dc_2.html">«China launches first section of its massive space station»</a>. <i>China Daily</i>. 29 de abril de 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429114311/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202104/29/WS608a0379a31024ad0babb1dc_2.html">Cópia arquivada em 29 de abril de 2021</a>. <q>China's most adventurous space endeavor, the multimodule space station, named Tiangong, or Heavenly Palace, will be mainly composed of three components</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.atitle=China+launches+first+section+of+its+massive+space+station&rft.date=2021-04-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fa%2F202104%2F29%2FWS608a0379a31024ad0babb1dc_2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xinhua202104-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-xinhua202104_16-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-xinhua202104_16-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-04/29/c_139914454.htm">«China launches space station core module Tianhe»</a>. Xinhua. 29 de abril de 2021. <q>The Tianhe module will act as the management and control hub of the space station Tiangong, meaning Heavenly Palace</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=China+launches+space+station+core+module+Tianhe&rft.date=2021-04-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2021-04%2F29%2Fc_139914454.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">John M. Logsdon. <a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Brit%C3%A2nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopédia Britânica">Enciclopédia Britânica</a>, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/Long-March-rocket-family">«Long March»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de janeiro de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.au=John+M.+Logsdon&rft.btitle=Long+March&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2FLong-March-rocket-family&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwic.com/about/index.html">«About CGWIC»</a>. CGWIC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080708185413/http://www.cgwic.com/about/index.html">Cópia arquivada em 8 de julho de 2008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=About+CGWIC&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CGWIC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwic.com%2Fabout%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/space/2007-07-06-china-launches-satellite_N.htm">«China launches satellite despite restrictions»</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. 6 de julho de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 11 de maio de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110523100640/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/space/2007-07-06-china-launches-satellite_N.htm">Cópia arquivada em 23 de maio de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.atitle=China+launches+satellite+despite+restrictions&rft.date=2007-07-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Ftech%2Fscience%2Fspace%2F2007-07-06-china-launches-satellite_N.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Nacional_da_China&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Space_program_of_China?uselang=pt">Administração Espacial Nacional da China</a></span></b></div> </div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/cindex.html">«Sítio oficial»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAdministra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Espacial+Nacional+da+China&rft.btitle=S%C3tio+oficial&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnsa.gov.cn%2Fn615709%2Fcindex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Agências_Espaciais_dos_países_do_mundo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Ag%C3%AAncias_Espaciais" title="Predefinição:Agências Espaciais"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Ag%C3%AAncias_Espaciais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Agências Espaciais (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Ag%C3%AAncias_Espaciais&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agências_Espaciais_dos_países_do_mundo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_ag%C3%AAncias_espaciais" title="Lista de agências espaciais">Agências Espaciais dos países do mundo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">África</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arg%C3%A9lia" title="Argélia"><img alt="Argélia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_Argelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agência Espacial Argelia (página não existe)">ASAL</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica_do_Sul" title="África do Sul"><img alt="África do Sul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_Nacional_Sul-Africana" title="Agência Espacial Nacional Sul-Africana">SANSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">América do Norte</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9xico" title="México"><img alt="México" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Espacial_Mexicana" title="Agencia Espacial Mexicana">AEXA</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A1" title="Canadá"><img alt="Canadá" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_Canadiana" title="Agência Espacial Canadiana">ASC</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos"><img alt="Estados Unidos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">América do Sul</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:CELAC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CELAC.svg/25px-CELAC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CELAC.svg/38px-CELAC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CELAC.svg/50px-CELAC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="218" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_Latino-Americana_e_Caribenha" title="Agência Espacial Latino-Americana e Caribenha">ALCE</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Actividades_Espaciales" title="Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales">CONAE</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil"><img alt="Brasil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_Brasileira" title="Agência Espacial Brasileira">AEB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departamento_de_Ci%C3%AAncia_e_Tecnologia_Aeroespacial" title="Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial">DCTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Pesquisas_Espaciais" title="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais">INPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Tecnol%C3%B3gico_de_Aeron%C3%A1utica" title="Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica">ITA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Ásia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_de_Israel" title="Agência Espacial de Israel">AEI</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">CNSA</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia"><img alt="Índia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Indiana_de_Pesquisa_Espacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Agência Indiana de Pesquisa Espacial">ISRO</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o" title="Japão"><img alt="Japão" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/JAXA" class="mw-redirect" title="JAXA">JAXA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Europa</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia" title="União Europeia"><img alt="União Europeia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_Europeia" title="Agência Espacial Europeia">ESA</a> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha"><img alt="Alemanha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Centro_Aeroespacial_Alem%C3%A3o" title="Centro Aeroespacial Alemão">DLR</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França"><img alt="França" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_National_d%27%C3%89tudes_Spatiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre National d'Études Spatiales">CNES</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A1lia" title="Itália"><img alt="Itália" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_Italiana" title="Agência Espacial Italiana">ASI</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Reino_Unido" title="Reino Unido"><img alt="Reino Unido" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/UK_Space_Agency" title="UK Space Agency">UKSA</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9cia" title="Suécia"><img alt="Suécia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_Sueca" title="Agência Espacial Sueca">AES</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ustria" title="Áustria"><img alt="Áustria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_Austr%C3%ADaca" title="Agência Espacial Austríaca">AEA</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal Space">AEP-PS</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia"><img alt="Rússia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ucr%C3%A2nia" title="Ucrânia"><img alt="Ucrânia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Espacial_do_Estado_da_Ucr%C3%A2nia" title="Agência Espacial do Estado da Ucrânia">SSAU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Austrália"><img alt="Austrália" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research_Organisation" title="Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation">CSIRO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pessoas_atualmente_no_espaço" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pessoas_atualmente_no_espa%C3%A7o" title="Predefinição:Pessoas atualmente no espaço"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Pessoas_atualmente_no_espa%C3%A7o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Pessoas atualmente no espaço (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pessoas_atualmente_no_espa%C3%A7o&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pessoas_atualmente_no_espaço" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pessoas atualmente no <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%A7o_sideral#Regiões" title="Espaço sideral">espaço</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Internacional" title="Estação Espacial Internacional">Estação Espacial Internacional</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Expedição_72" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_72&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expedição 72 (página não existe)">Expedição 72</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_MS-26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz MS-26 (página não existe)">Soyuz MS-26</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia"><img alt="Rússia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Ovchinin" title="Aleksei Ovchinin">Aleksei Ovchinin</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia"><img alt="Rússia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vagner" title="Ivan Vagner">Ivan Vagner</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos"><img alt="Estados Unidos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Pettit" title="Donald Pettit">Donald Pettit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-9" title="SpaceX Crew-9">SpaceX Crew-9</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos"><img alt="Estados Unidos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nick_Hague" title="Nick Hague">Nick Hague</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia"><img alt="Rússia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexandr_Gorbunov" title="Alexandr Gorbunov">Alexandr Gorbunov</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos"><img alt="Estados Unidos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Wilmore" title="Barry Wilmore">Barry Wilmore</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos"><img alt="Estados Unidos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sunita_Williams" title="Sunita Williams">Sunita Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Tiangong" title="Estação Espacial Tiangong">Estação Espacial Tiangong</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Expedição_8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_expedi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_%C3%A0_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Tiangong" title="Lista de expedições à Estação Espacial Tiangong">Expedição 8</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Shenzhou_19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhou_19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhou 19 (página não existe)">Shenzhou 19</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cai_Xuzhe" title="Cai Xuzhe">Cai Xuzhe</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_Lingdong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Song Lingdong (página não existe)">Song Lingdong</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Haoze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Haoze (página não existe)">Wang Haoze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_voos_espaciais_tripulados" title="Lista de voos espaciais tripulados">Todos os voos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_expedi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_%C3%A0_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Internacional" title="Lista de expedições à Estação Espacial Internacional">Expedições à ISS</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_de_voos_%C3%A0_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Internacional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista de voos à Estação Espacial Internacional (página não existe)">Lista de voos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_expedi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_visitantes_%C3%A0_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Internacional" title="Lista de expedições visitantes à Estação Espacial Internacional">Expedições visitantes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_voos_tripulados_para_a_ISS" title="Lista de voos tripulados para a ISS">tripulados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_voos_n%C3%A3o_tripulados_para_a_ISS" title="Lista de voos não tripulados para a ISS">não tripulados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_visitas_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Internacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista de visitas da Estação Espacial Internacional">Visitas à ISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss%C3%A3o_de_um_ano_na_ISS" class="mw-redirect" title="Missão de um ano na ISS">ISS 1 Year Mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_voos_tripulados_para_a_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Tiangong" title="Lista de voos tripulados para a Estação Espacial Tiangong">à Tiangong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320644" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q320644">Q320644</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/129212841">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Base_Virtual_Internacional_de_Autoridade" title="Base Virtual Internacional de Autoridade">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129212841/">129212841</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/China-National-Space-Administration">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1141413779">1141413779</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Research_Identifier_Database" title="Global Research Identifier Database">GRID</a>: <span class="uid">grid.499307.0</span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405653799">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2004152014">n2004152014</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul class="noprint 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