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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004:_Consolidating_into_a_Vivendi_subsidiary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004:_Consolidating_into_a_Vivendi_subsidiary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>2004: Consolidating into a Vivendi subsidiary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004:_Consolidating_into_a_Vivendi_subsidiary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007–2012:_UMG_acquisitions_and_EMI_purchase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007–2012:_UMG_acquisitions_and_EMI_purchase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2007–2012: UMG acquisitions and EMI purchase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007–2012:_UMG_acquisitions_and_EMI_purchase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012–2017:_EMI_integration_and_divisions_reorganization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012–2017:_EMI_integration_and_divisions_reorganization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2012–2017: EMI integration and divisions reorganization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012–2017:_EMI_integration_and_divisions_reorganization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018–2022:_Continued_growth,_Tencent,_public_offering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018–2022:_Continued_growth,_Tencent,_public_offering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2018–2022: Continued growth, Tencent, public offering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018–2022:_Continued_growth,_Tencent,_public_offering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023–present:_Appointment_of_Sherry_Lansing,_2024_earnings_call_and_restructuring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023–present:_Appointment_of_Sherry_Lansing,_2024_earnings_call_and_restructuring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>2023–present: Appointment of Sherry Lansing, 2024 earnings call and restructuring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023–present:_Appointment_of_Sherry_Lansing,_2024_earnings_call_and_restructuring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Labels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vevo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vevo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vevo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vevo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Locations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Locations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Locations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Los Angeles metropolitan area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Santa_Monica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Santa_Monica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Santa Monica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Santa_Monica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hollywood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hollywood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Hollywood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hollywood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Woodland_Hills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woodland_Hills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Woodland Hills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woodland_Hills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Miami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nashville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nashville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Nashville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nashville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>New York City</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madrid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madrid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Madrid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madrid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Berlin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warsaw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warsaw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Warsaw</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warsaw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toronto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toronto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Toronto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toronto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_locations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_locations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Other locations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shareholders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shareholders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Shareholders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shareholders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Criticisms and controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticisms_and_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticisms and controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticisms_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-CD_price_fixing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CD_price_fixing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>CD price fixing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CD_price_fixing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Payola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Payola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Payola</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Payola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>YouTube</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imeem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imeem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Imeem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imeem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universal_archive_fire_(2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universal_archive_fire_(2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Universal archive fire (2008)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universal_archive_fire_(2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Megaupload" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Megaupload"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Megaupload</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Megaupload-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright_termination_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_termination_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Copyright termination lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_termination_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal_of_UMG_songs_from_TikTok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_of_UMG_songs_from_TikTok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Removal of UMG songs from TikTok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_of_UMG_songs_from_TikTok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Universal Music Group</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مجموعة يونيفرسال الموسيقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة يونيفرسال الموسيقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE" title="یونیورسال موزیک قروپ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یونیورسال موزیک قروپ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Юнивърсъл Мюзик Груп – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Юнивърсъл Мюзик Груп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="گروه موسیقی یونیورسال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه موسیقی یونیورسال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%88%EB%B2%84%EC%84%A4_%EB%AE%A4%EC%A7%81_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9" title="유니버설 뮤직 그룹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유니버설 뮤직 그룹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="यूनिवर्सल म्यूज़िक समूह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूनिवर्सल म्यूज़िक समूह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4" title="יוניברסל מיוזיק גרופ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוניברסל מיוזיק גרופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%87" title="مجموعة يونيفرسال الموسيقيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مجموعة يونيفرسال الموسيقيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8B%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB_%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF_%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="ユニバーサルミュージックグループ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユニバーサルミュージックグループ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music" title="Universal Music – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Universal Music" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B" title="ยูนิเวอร์แซลมิวสิกกรุป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูนิเวอร์แซลมิวสิกกรุป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DA%A9_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE" title="یونیورسل میوزک گروپ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونیورسل میوزک گروپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Universal Music Group" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87" title="环球唱片 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="环球唱片" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87" title="環球唱片 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="環球唱片" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="环球音乐集团 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="环球音乐集团" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38903#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Music&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Music">Universal Music</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dutch–American music corporation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Universal Records" redirects here. For Universal Records 1988–1989, see <a href="/wiki/Universal_Records_(1988)" title="Universal Records (1988)">Universal Records (1988)</a>. For Universal Records 1995–2006, see <a href="/wiki/Universal_Records_(1995%E2%88%922006)" title="Universal Records (1995−2006)">Universal Records (1995−2006)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Universal_Records_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Universal Records (disambiguation)">Universal Records (disambiguation)</a>. For the Chicago recording studio, see <a href="/wiki/Universal_Recording_Corporation" title="Universal Recording Corporation">Universal Recording Corporation</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Universal Music Group N.V.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Universal_Music_Group_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Universal_Music_Group_logo.svg/220px-Universal_Music_Group_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Universal_Music_Group_logo.svg/330px-Universal_Music_Group_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Universal_Music_Group_logo.svg/440px-Universal_Music_Group_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="371" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Umgheadquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Umgheadquarters.jpg/250px-Umgheadquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Umgheadquarters.jpg/375px-Umgheadquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Umgheadquarters.jpg/500px-Umgheadquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Operational headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Monica">Santa Monica</a>, California</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> (USA business) (1934–1971)</li><li><a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a> (1971–1989)</li><li>MCA Music Entertainment Group (1989–1996)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Amsterdam" title="Euronext Amsterdam">Euronext Amsterdam</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euronext.com/products/equities/NL0015000IY2-XAMS/quotes">UMG</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=NL0015000IY2">NL0015000IY2</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1934<span class="noprint">; 90 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1934-09</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Hilversum" title="Hilversum">Hilversum</a>, Netherlands (corporate) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S. (operational)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide (except for Russia & Belarus)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Grainge" title="Lucian Grainge">Lucian Grainge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a> (chairwoman of the board)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Music_publisher" title="Music publisher">Music publishing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>11.108 billion (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>14.7 billion) (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-FY2023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €1.418 billion (US$1.88 billion) (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-FY2023_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a> (20%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Vincent Bolloré">Bolloré family</a> (18%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a> (10%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Holdings" title="Pershing Square Holdings">Pershing Square Holdings</a> (10%)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,319 (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-vivendi_18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vivendi_18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Universal_Music_Group_labels" title="List of Universal Music Group labels">List of Universal Music Group labels</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://universalmusic.com/">universalmusic<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Universal Music Group N.V.</b><sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (often abbreviated as <b>UMG</b> and referred to as <b>Universal Music Group</b> or <b>Universal Music</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a>–<a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> multinational <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music corporation</a> under <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Dutch law</a>. UMG's corporate headquarters are located in <a href="/wiki/Hilversum" title="Hilversum">Hilversum</a>, Netherlands and its operational headquarters are located in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Monica">Santa Monica</a>, California.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biggest music company in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is one of the "<a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">Big Three</a>" record labels, along with <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Group" title="Sony Music Group">Sony Music Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a> acquired ten percent of Universal Music Group in March 2020 for €3 billion<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and acquired an additional ten percent stake in January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Holdings" title="Pershing Square Holdings">Pershing Square Holdings</a> later acquired ten percent of UMG prior to its <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPO</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Euronext_Amsterdam" title="Euronext Amsterdam">Euronext Amsterdam</a> stock exchange. The company went public on September 21, 2021, at a valuation of €46 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of April 2024, UMG's catalogue includes over 3 million recordings and 4 million compositions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on UMG's history prior to 1996: <a href="/wiki/MCA_Records#History" title="MCA Records">MCA Records § History</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> <p>The company's origins go back to the formation of the American branch of <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> in September 1934, and its name and company logo originate from <a href="/wiki/Carl_Laemmle" title="Carl Laemmle">Carl Laemmle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>. Although the movie studio and the music business share a common history, today the former is part of <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> and the latter an independent commercial entity.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, many record companies donated their <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metal_master" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:metal master">metal masters</a> to recycling for the war effort. However, Universal was an exception and donated more than 200,000 of their historic <a href="/wiki/Master_recordings" title="Master recordings">master recordings</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Decca Record Co. Ltd. of England spun American Decca off in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc.">MCA Inc.</a> merged with American Decca in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1990, Japanese multinational conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Matsushita Electric</a> agreed to acquire MCA for $6.59 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Seagram_Company_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Seagram Company Ltd.">Seagram</a> acquired 80 percent of MCA from Matsushita.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 9, 1996, the company was renamed <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal Studios, Inc.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its music division was renamed Universal Music Group; MCA Records continued as a label within the Universal Music Group. In May 1998, Seagram purchased <a href="/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and merged it with Universal Music Group in early 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seagram's entertainment assets were then sold to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> media conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a> in 2000, along with UMG. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004:_Consolidating_into_a_Vivendi_subsidiary">2004: Consolidating into a Vivendi subsidiary</h3></div> <p>In May 2004, Universal Music Group was cast under separate management from Universal Studios, when Vivendi sold 80% of the latter to <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, who subsequently merged it with <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> to form <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>. This came two months after the separation of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a> from <a href="/wiki/WarnerMedia" title="WarnerMedia">Time Warner</a>. In February 2006, Vivendi purchased the remaining 20 percent of UMG from <a href="/wiki/Matsushita_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsushita Electric">Matsushita Electric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 6, 2006, Vivendi announced its €1.63 billion ($2.4 billion) purchase of <a href="/wiki/BMG_Music_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="BMG Music Publishing">BMG Music Publishing</a>; after receiving European Union regulatory approval, the acquisition was completed on June 25, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007–2012:_UMG_acquisitions_and_EMI_purchase"><span id="2007.E2.80.932012:_UMG_acquisitions_and_EMI_purchase"></span>2007–2012: UMG acquisitions and EMI purchase</h3></div> <p>In June 2007, UMG acquired Sanctuary, which eventually became UMG's entertainment merchandising and brand management division, Bravado.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Universal Music Group agreed to make its catalog available to <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a>, then a new streaming service, for use outside the U.S. on a limited basis.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Doug_Morris" title="Doug Morris">Doug Morris</a> stepped down from his position as CEO on January 1, 2011. Former chairman/CEO of Universal Music International <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Grainge" title="Lucian Grainge">Lucian Grainge</a> was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> of the company. Grainge later replaced Morris as chairman on March 9, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morris became the next chairman of <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Entertainment</a> on July 1, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Grainge's appointment as CEO at UMG, <a href="/wiki/Max_Hole" title="Max Hole">Max Hole</a> was promoted to COO of UMGI, effective July 1, 2010. In January 2011, UMG announced it was donating 200,000 master recordings from the 1920s to 1940s to the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> for preservation.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, EMI agreed to sell its recorded music operations to Universal Music Group for £1.2 billion ($1.9 billion) and its music publishing operations to a <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>-led consortium for $2.2 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the other companies that had competed for the recorded music business was <a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a> which was reported to have made a $2 billion bid.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/IMPALA" class="mw-redirect" title="IMPALA">IMPALA</a> opposed the merger.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2012, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> opened an investigation into the acquisition<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The EU asked rivals and consumer groups whether the deal would result in higher prices and shut out competitors.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 21, 2012, the sale of EMI to UMG was approved in the European Union and the United States by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the European Commission approved the deal only under the condition the merged company divest one third of its total operations to other companies with a proven track record in the music industry. UMG divested <a href="/wiki/Mute_Records" title="Mute Records">Mute Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Recordings" title="Roxy Recordings">Roxy Recordings</a>, <a href="/wiki/MPS_Records" title="MPS Records">MPS Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperative Music">Cooperative Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Now_That%27s_What_I_Call_Music!" title="Now That's What I Call Music!">Now That's What I Call Music!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazzland_Recordings" title="Jazzland Recordings">Jazzland</a>, Universal Greece, <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_Records" title="Sanctuary Records">Sanctuary Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysalis_Records" title="Chrysalis Records">Chrysalis Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMI_Classics" title="EMI Classics">EMI Classics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Classics" title="Virgin Classics">Virgin Classics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_EMI_labels#EMI_Europe" title="List of EMI labels">EMI's European regional labels</a> to comply with this condition. UMG retained <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> (formerly of Parlophone) and <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Williams" title="Robbie Williams">Robbie Williams</a> (formerly of Chrysalis). The Beatles catalogue was transferred to UMG's newly formed <a href="/wiki/Calderstone_Productions" title="Calderstone Productions">Calderstone Productions</a>, while Williams' catalogue was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-emiapproved_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-emiapproved-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012–2017:_EMI_integration_and_divisions_reorganization"><span id="2012.E2.80.932017:_EMI_integration_and_divisions_reorganization"></span>2012–2017: EMI integration and divisions reorganization</h3></div> <p>Universal Music Group completed their acquisition of <a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a> on September 28, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2012, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Barnett_(music_executive)" title="Steve Barnett (music executive)">Steve Barnett</a> was appointed chairman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Music_Group" title="Capitol Music Group">Capitol Music Group</a>. He formerly served as COO of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In compliance the conditions of the European Commission after purchase of EMI, Universal Music Group sold the Mute catalogue to the German-based <a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a> on December 22, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two months later, BMG acquired <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_Records" title="Sanctuary Records">Sanctuary Records</a> for €50 million ($58 million).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 8, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a> acquired the Parlophone Label Group (consisting of <a href="/wiki/Parlophone_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlophone Records">Parlophone Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysalis_Records" title="Chrysalis Records">Chrysalis Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMI_Classics" title="EMI Classics">EMI Classics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Classics" title="Virgin Classics">Virgin Classics</a> and EMI Records' Belgian, Czech, Danish, French, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Slovak and Swedish divisions) for $765 million (£487 million).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in February, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Entertainment</a> acquired UMG's European share in <i><a href="/wiki/Now_That%27s_What_I_Call_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Now That's What I Call Music">Now That's What I Call Music</a></i> for approximately $60 million.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/PIAS_Recordings" title="PIAS Recordings">Play It Again Sam</a> acquired Co-Operative Music for £500,000 in March 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With EMI's absorption into Universal Music complete, its British operations consist of five label units: Island, Polydor, Decca, Virgin EMI and Capitol.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Greek market, as part of its divesture plans, Universal Music retained Minos EMI and sold Universal Music Greece to Greek investors who renamed it Cobalt Music.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edel_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Edel AG">Edel AG</a> acquired the MPS catalogue from Universal in January 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 20, 2013, UMG announced the worldwide extension of their exclusive distribution deal with the <a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Group" title="Disney Music Group">Disney Music Group</a>, excluding Japan. As a result of this deal DMG's labels and artists have access to UMG's roster of producers and songwriters on a worldwide basis.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exclusive deal also saw UMG granted unlimited access to all rights pertaining to Disney's 85-year back catalog of soundtracks and albums.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 2, 2013, the gospel music divisions of <a href="/wiki/Motown_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Records">Motown Records</a> and EMI merged to form a new label called Motown Gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2013, Japanese company <a href="/wiki/SoftBank" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftBank">SoftBank</a> offered $8.5 billion to Vivendi for the acquisition of UMG, but Vivendi rejected it.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2018, JPMorgan said that UMG could be worth as much as $40 billion<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then increased the valuation to $50 billion in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2013, UMG became the first company in the US to have nine of the Top 10 songs on the digital charts, according to <a href="/wiki/SoundScan" class="mw-redirect" title="SoundScan">SoundScan</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and weeks later, became the first company to hold all 10 of the Top 10 spots on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100 Chart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2013, UMG received a <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a> American Scene Award for the company's commitment to diversity as exemplified by its "entire catalog and roster of artists."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 1, 2014, Universal Music announced the disbandment of <a href="/wiki/The_Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group" title="The Island Def Jam Music Group">Island Def Jam Music</a>, one of four operational umbrella groups within Universal Music. Universal CEO <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Grainge" title="Lucian Grainge">Lucian Grainge</a> said of the closure, "No matter how much we might work to build 'IDJ' as a brand, that brand could never be as powerful as each of IDJ's constituent parts."<sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times_2014_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_2014-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a> and <a href="/wiki/Def_Jam_Recordings" title="Def Jam Recordings">Def Jam</a> now operate as autonomous record labels. David Massey and Bartels, who worked respectively at Island and Def Jam Records, were named to the new record labels independently.<sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times_2014_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_2014-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Weiss" title="Barry Weiss">Barry Weiss</a>, who previously moved from <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony Music</a> to lead Island Def Jam Music in 2012 when <a href="/wiki/Motown_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Records">Motown Records</a> was incorporated into Island Def Jam, stepped down from Universal Music. Additionally, as part of the changes to the labels, Motown Records transferred to Los Angeles to become part of the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Music_Group" title="Capitol Music Group">Capitol Music Group</a> and previous Vice President <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia_Habtemariam" title="Ethiopia Habtemariam">Ethiopia Habtemariam</a> was promoted to Label President for Motown Records.<sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times_2014_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_2014-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Universal Music Group entered into film and TV production with the 2014 purchase of <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Rock_Entertainment" title="Eagle Rock Entertainment">Eagle Rock Entertainment</a>. UMG's first major film production was <i><a href="/wiki/Amy_(2015_film)" title="Amy (2015 film)">Amy</a></i>, which won an Oscar for Best Documentary,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while taking part in <i><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Cobain:_Montage_of_Heck" title="Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck">Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_Eight_Days_a_Week" title="The Beatles: Eight Days a Week">The Beatles: Eight Days a Week</a></i> documentaries. In January 2016, UMG hired David Blackman from Laurence Mark Production where he was president of production as head of film and television development and production, and theater producer Scott Landis as special advisor on theatrical development and production. UMG Executive Vice President Michele Anthony and Universal Music Publishing Group Chairman and CEO Jody Gerson have oversight of the pair.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 11, 2017, <a href="/wiki/PolyGram_Entertainment" title="PolyGram Entertainment">PolyGram Entertainment</a> was relaunched as a film and television unit of Universal Music Group under David Blackman.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, UMG's <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a> earned all the major <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> for the year, with <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Smith (singer)">Sam Smith</a> receiving <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_New_Artist" title="Grammy Award for Best New Artist">Best New Artist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Record of the Year">Record of the Year</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Song of the Year">Song of the Year</a> awards and <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a> winning <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Album of the Year</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2016, Universal Music Canada donated the archives of EMI Music Canada to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2016, UMG acquired Famehouse, a digital marketing agency.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a> both signed to UMG's Capitol Records, including their catalog releases.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2017, UMG signed a new multi-year licensing agreement with <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a>, the world's leading streaming service, and in May 2017, UMG signed a deal with <a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a>, China's biggest gaming and social media firm.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2017, "<a href="/wiki/Despacito" title="Despacito">Despacito</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Luis_Fonsi" title="Luis Fonsi">Luis Fonsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daddy_Yankee" title="Daddy Yankee">Daddy Yankee</a> and featuring <a href="/wiki/Justin_Bieber" title="Justin Bieber">Justin Bieber</a>, became the most streamed track of all time. By 2018, the song had broken several <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i>, including Most Weeks at Number 1 on <a href="/wiki/Hot_Latin_Songs" title="Hot Latin Songs">Billboard Hot Latin Songs</a> chart and most-viewed video online.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2017, UMG and <a href="/wiki/Beyond_International_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Beyond International Group">Grace/Beyond</a> agreed to develop three new music-based television series, <i>27</i>, <i>Melody Island</i> and <i>Mixtape</i>. <i>27</i> would focus on musicians at the age of 27, an age at which <a href="/wiki/27_Club" title="27 Club">several iconic musicians died</a>. <i>Melody Island</i> was an animated series based on tropical island music with live craft segments. <i>Mixtape</i> had twelve episodes, with each episode connected to a song.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2017, UMG announced the launch of its Accelerator Engagement Network, an initiative aimed to help develop music-based startups around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2017, <a href="/wiki/USC_Annenberg_School_for_Communication_and_Journalism" title="USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism">USC Annenberg</a> announced UMG's partnership in the "Annenberg Inclusion Initiative", becoming the first music company to do so. The initiative is meant to create change for representation of women and underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the media industry.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2017, Universal Music Group acquired <a href="/wiki/Stiff_Records" title="Stiff Records">Stiff</a> and <a href="/wiki/ZTT_Records" title="ZTT Records">ZTT</a> labels, along with Perfect Songs Publishing, from <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Horn" title="Trevor Horn">Trevor Horn</a>'s SPZ Group;<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a>, through Union Square Music subsidiary, retained its back catalogues. That same month, UMG signed a global, multi-year agreement with Facebook becoming the first of The "<a href="/wiki/Record_label#3" title="Record label">Big Three</a>" to license its recorded music and publishing catalogs for video and other social experiences across <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oculus_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oculus (brand)">Oculus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sony and Warner signed similar contracts with Facebook the following year. Furthermore, on December 19, 2017, UMG signed a multi-year licensing agreement with <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018–2022:_Continued_growth,_Tencent,_public_offering"><span id="2018.E2.80.932022:_Continued_growth.2C_Tencent.2C_public_offering"></span>2018–2022: Continued growth, Tencent, public offering</h3></div> <p>In June 2018, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Japan" title="Universal Music Japan">Universal Music Japan</a> announced an exclusive license agreement with <a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Group" title="Disney Music Group">Disney Music Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the addition of Japan, UMG distributes releases from Disney Music Group globally. In July, <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> signed a worldwide agreement with UMG covering the band's recorded music and audio-visual catalogues, archival support, global merchandising and brand management.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same month, Vivendi announced it would explore selling as much as half of Universal Music Group to one or more investors.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Holdings" title="Nielsen Holdings">Nielsen's</a> 2018 US Music Mid-Year report, UMG made history with eight of the Top 10 artists, including all of the top five, as well as all of the top eight artists ranked by on-demand audio streams.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2018, UMG announced a strategic expansion in Africa, opening an office in <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a> to oversee French-speaking Africa, and also unveiling a Universal Music Nigeria office in <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> to focus on signing local artists and taking them global.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2018, singer <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> signed a global partnership agreement with UMG across recorded music, music publishing, brand management, and licensing rights.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 19, 2018, singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> signed a new multi-album deal with UMG, in the United States, her future releases will be promoted under the <a href="/wiki/Republic_Records" title="Republic Records">Republic Records</a> imprint. In addition to the promised ownership of her master recordings, UMG agreed to, in case it sells portions of its stake in <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a>, distribute proceeds among its artists and make them non-recoupable.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2018, <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen's</a> "<a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody" title="Bohemian Rhapsody">Bohemian Rhapsody</a>" became the most-streamed song from the pre-streaming era and the most-streamed classic rock song of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2019, UMG fully acquired music distributor <a href="/wiki/INgrooves" class="mw-redirect" title="INgrooves">INgrooves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2019, YouTube and UMG announced that they were upgrading more than 1,000 popular music videos to high definition, releasing them through 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-ny_times-_music_videos_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ny_times-_music_videos-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2019, <a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a> started negotiation to sell 10% Vivendi's stake of Universal Music to Tencent.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deal is expected to be of $3.36 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2020, <a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a> announced it was planning to go public in an IPO within three years.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 16, 2020, Universal rebranded Virgin EMI Records as EMI Records and named Rebecca Allen (former president of UMG's Decca label) as the label's president,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bringing back the EMI brand. The same day, UMG announced launch of its new affiliates in Morocco and Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2020, UMG signed a new multi-year licensing agreement with <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2021, <a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Holdings" title="Pershing Square Holdings">Pershing Square Tontine Holdings</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_acquisition_company" title="Special-purpose acquisition company">special-purpose acquisition company</a> run by investor Bill Ackman, announced it would acquire 10 percent of UMG before it went public, in a $4 billion transaction. The deal collapsed in July 2021 due to regulatory concerns, and it was announced that Ackman's <a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Holdings" title="Pershing Square Holdings">Pershing Square Holdings</a> would complete the purchase instead.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2021, <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euronext_Amsterdam" title="Euronext Amsterdam">Euronext Amsterdam</a> announces an introduction price of €18,50<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="How much? is it 18.5 Euros or 18.5 million Euros. Or possibly 18.5 billion Euros. Its confusing. (October 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a> set an initial valuation for UMG at €33 billion ($38.3 billion). Vivendi distributed 60% of its UMG shares and retaining 10%. The family of French businessman <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Vincent Bolloré">Vincent Bolloré</a> is revealed as the majority shareholder with 28% of UMG shares, through its holding company <a href="/wiki/Bollor%C3%A9" title="Bolloré">Bolloré</a> (18%) and its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a> (10%), headed by his son <a href="/wiki/Yannick_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Yannick Bolloré">Yannick Bolloré</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a> emerged as UMG's biggest corporate shareholder with 20% of shares. <a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Holdings" title="Pershing Square Holdings">Pershing Square Holdings</a> held 10% of UMG shares. In its IPO, UMG hits €54 billion ($62.6 billion) valuation which is over a third bigger than initial valuation.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2022, UMG (through <a href="/wiki/INgrooves" class="mw-redirect" title="INgrooves">INgrooves</a>) acquired the Icelandic record label Alda Music, which owned the rights to nearly 80 percent of all music released in Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2022, Universal Music Group announced a partnership with Curio, an <a href="/wiki/NFT" class="mw-redirect" title="NFT">NFT</a> platform, to create NFT collections for its record labels and artists.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 31, 2022, Universal Music Group announced Baa1/BBB long-term credit ratings from Moody's and S&P.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2022, Mercedes-Benz launched a new in-car audio collaboration with Apple Music and Universal Music Group. With this new audio standard, UMG allows its artists to base their song approval process on how the final mix sounds in a Mercedes‑Benz and introduced the "Approved in a Mercedes‑Benz" label as a standard.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2022, Universal Music Group acquired a 49% stake in Play It Again Sam (PIAS Group), which brings together a series of independent labels.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023–present:_Appointment_of_Sherry_Lansing,_2024_earnings_call_and_restructuring"><span id="2023.E2.80.93present:_Appointment_of_Sherry_Lansing.2C_2024_earnings_call_and_restructuring"></span>2023–present: Appointment of Sherry Lansing, 2024 earnings call and restructuring</h3></div> <p>In January 2023, <a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a> was named the Chairman of Board of Directors of the Universal Music Group.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2023, it was announced UMG had acquired the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a>-based music marketing, digital publishing and distribution agency, Chabaka.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, Universal Music Group and <a href="/wiki/Deezer" title="Deezer">Deezer</a> announced their initiative to explore potential new business models for music streaming that better recognize the value created by artists.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, in September 2023, they announced their launch of an artist-centric streaming model designed to better remunerate the artists and music that fans mostly enjoy.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2023, Universal Music Group introduced a HBCU scholarship program for aspiring doctors.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2023, UMG and <a href="/wiki/BandLab_Technologies" title="BandLab Technologies">BandLab Technologies</a> formed a partnership to protect the rights of artists as well as songwriters and guarantee the 'ethical use' of Artificial Intelligence (AI).<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in October 2023, UMG formed a new partnership with <a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a> to develop collaborative initiatives to enlarge opportunities for BMG-signed artists all over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unable to reach a licensing agreement with TikTok, UMG removed its music from the platform in January 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During UMG's fourth-quarter earnings call on February 29, Grainge said: "There must not be free rides for massive global platforms such as TikTok." The company reported that quarterly revenue rose 9 percent, to 3.2 billion euros ($3.5 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the earnings call, UMG began a "strategic organizational redesign" that included company-wide layoffs.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labels">Labels</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Universal_Music_Group_labels" title="List of Universal Music Group labels">List of Universal Music Group labels</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vevo">Vevo</h2></div> <p>Universal Music Group co-developed with Google<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a>, a site designed for music videos inspired by <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a>, which similarly allows free ad-supported streaming of videos and other music content.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 24, 2018, Vevo announced that it would no longer continue distributing videos to Vevo.com, instead opting to primarily focus on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> syndication.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locations">Locations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area">Los Angeles metropolitan area</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Santa_Monica">Santa Monica</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universalmusicpublishinggroup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Universalmusicpublishinggroup.jpg/220px-Universalmusicpublishinggroup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Universalmusicpublishinggroup.jpg/330px-Universalmusicpublishinggroup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Universalmusicpublishinggroup.jpg/440px-Universalmusicpublishinggroup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1604" /></a><figcaption>Universal Music Publishing Headquarters in Santa Monica, California</figcaption></figure> <p>UMG's operational headquarters are located in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interscope-Geffen-A%26M" class="mw-redirect" title="Interscope-Geffen-A&M">Interscope-Geffen-A&M</a> and Universal Music Enterprises (UME), the company's catalog division, are headquartered in Santa Monica. <a href="/wiki/Def_Jam_Recordings" title="Def Jam Recordings">Def Jam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_Records" title="Republic Records">Republic Records</a> also maintain offices there. UMG chairman & CEO <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Grainge" title="Lucian Grainge">Lucian Grainge</a> is based at the company's Santa Monica offices. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Music Publishing">Universal Music Publishing</a> is also headquartered in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hollywood">Hollywood</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Music_Group" title="Capitol Music Group">Capitol Music Group</a> is headquartered at the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records_Building" title="Capitol Records Building">Capitol Records Building</a> in Hollywood.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Latin_Entertainment" title="Universal Music Latin Entertainment">Universal Music Latin Entertainment</a> is also headquartered in Hollywood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Woodland_Hills">Woodland Hills</h4></div> <p>Universal Music Group operates a secondary office in Woodland Hills that includes finance, royalty, and operations functions.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miami">Miami</h3></div> <p>Universal Music Latin Entertainment is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami, Florida</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nashville">Nashville</h3></div> <p>Universal Music Group Nashville is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_City">New York City</h3></div> <p>UMG has offices in New York City where <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Def_Jam_Recordings" title="Def Jam Recordings">Def Jam Recordings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_Records" title="Republic Records">Republic Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verve_Label_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Verve Label Group">Verve Label Group</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spinefarm_Records" title="Spinefarm Records">Spinefarm Records</a> are headquartered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madrid">Madrid</h3></div> <p>Universal Music Spain is based in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-umg_global_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umg_global-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London">London</h3></div> <p>Universal Music Group Global (formerly known as <i>Universal Music Group International (UMGI)</i>) operates offices in London.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berlin">Berlin</h3></div> <p>Universal Music GmbH, the German subsidiary, is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. It moved in 2002 from Hamburg to the district <a href="/wiki/Friedrichshain" title="Friedrichshain">Friedrichshain</a> at the river <a href="/wiki/Spree_(river)" title="Spree (river)">Spree</a>. In February 2024 the company moved out of the iconic building also called "Eierspeicher" into another office down the street. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warsaw">Warsaw</h3></div> <p>Universal Music Group's <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Polska" title="Universal Music Polska">Universal Music Polska</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toronto">Toronto</h3></div> <p>Universal Music Group's Universal Music Canada is located in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Japan" title="Universal Music Japan">Universal Music Japan</a> is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Shibuya" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a>, Tokyo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_locations">Other locations</h3></div> <p>UMG operates in more than 60 territories around the world including Australia, Central America, Brazil, France, India, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, New Zealand, Russia, Ukraine, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and more.<sup id="cite_ref-umg_global_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umg_global-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Company's legal headquarters are in the Netherlands. Universal Music Group's largest corporate shareholder, <a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a>, is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, China. Tencent's ultimate largest controlling corporate shareholder, <a href="/wiki/Naspers" title="Naspers">Naspers</a>, is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 8, 2022, UMG <a href="/wiki/2022_boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 boycott of Russia and Belarus">suspended all its operations in Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">following the country's invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, UMG announced its expansion with its new office in <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shareholders">Shareholders</h2></div> <p>As of January 2022, the company's shares were held by:<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Vincent Bolloré">Vincent Bolloré</a>: 28% <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bollor%C3%A9" title="Bolloré">Bolloré SE</a>: 18%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi SE</a>: 10%</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a>: 20% <ul><li>Concerto Investment BV: 10%</li> <li>Scherzo Investment BV: 10%</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Holdings" title="Pershing Square Holdings">Pershing Square Holdings</a>: 10%</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms_and_controversies">Criticisms and controversies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CD_price_fixing">CD price fixing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/CD_price_fixing" title="CD price fixing">CD price fixing</a></div> <p>In 2000, music companies including UMG entered into consent agreements with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with no admission of liability,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereby they agreed to discontinue the use of <a href="/wiki/Minimum_advertised_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimum advertised price">Minimum Advertised Price</a> programs under which subsidized cooperative advertising was provided to retailers that agreed to adhere to minimum advertised pricing.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, a similar settlement was entered into with music publishers and distributors <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann_Music_Group" title="Bertelsmann Music Group">Bertelsmann Music Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI Music</a> and Universal Music Group and certain retailers, without admission of liability or wrongdoing, with various states. In settlement of the claim, the companies collectively agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine and distribute $75.7 million in <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CDs</a> to public and non-profit groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was estimated that consumers were overcharged by $500 million and up to $5 per album.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Payola">Payola</h3></div> <p>In May 2006, an investigation led by then <a href="/wiki/New_York_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Attorney General">New York Attorney General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Spitzer" title="Eliot Spitzer">Eliot Spitzer</a>, concluded with a determination that Universal Music Group <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribed</a> radio stations to play songs from <a href="/wiki/Ashlee_Simpson" title="Ashlee Simpson">Ashlee Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_McKnight" title="Brian McKnight">Brian McKnight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Tymers" title="Big Tymers">Big Tymers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Lachey" title="Nick Lachey">Nick Lachey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan" title="Lindsay Lohan">Lindsay Lohan</a> and other performers under Universal labels. The company paid $12 million to the state in settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube">YouTube</h3></div> <p>In 2007, with the help of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Stephanie Lenz sued UMG's publishing company for allegedly improperly requesting that, pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a>, YouTube remove a 29-second home video in which Lenz's child danced to a recording of <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince's</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Crazy" title="Let's Go Crazy">Let's Go Crazy</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After years of litigation, the suit settled in 2018, prior to the court holding a trial on whether UMG had a subjective belief that the video was infringing and not fair to use before sending its request to YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2016, UMG had the audio muted of a video clip showing <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Jenkins" title="Katherine Jenkins">Katherine Jenkins</a> singing the British national anthem. They claimed that the recording of "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="God Save the Queen">God Save the Queen</a>" was copyrighted, and YouTube initially complied with this request, but subsequently offered the video with the original audio track.<sup id="cite_ref-wingsoverscotland1_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wingsoverscotland1-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imeem">Imeem</h3></div> <p>In December 2007, UMG announced a deal with <a href="/wiki/Imeem" title="Imeem">Imeem</a> that allowed users of the social network to listen to any track from Universal's catalogue for free with a portion of the advertising generated by the music being shared with the record label.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All traffic was redirected to <a href="/wiki/Myspace" title="Myspace">MySpace</a> after that company acquired <a href="/wiki/Imeem" title="Imeem">Imeem</a> on December 8, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universal_archive_fire_(2008)"><span id="Universal_archive_fire_.282008.29"></span>Universal archive fire (2008)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2008_Universal_Studios_fire" title="2008 Universal Studios fire">2008 Universal Studios fire</a></div> <p>According to Jody Rosen of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, the fire which swept through <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a> on June 1, 2008, caused "the biggest disaster in the history of the music business".<sup id="cite_ref-Rosen_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosen-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In space rented from NBCUniversal, according to an official document marked "Confidential", the fire destroyed at least 118,230 "assets" (<a href="/wiki/Master_recordings" title="Master recordings">master recordings</a>), or about 500,000 song titles, owned by UMG. "The vault housed tape masters for <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a>, the pop, jazz and classical powerhouse; it housed master tapes for the storied blues label <a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess</a>; it housed masters for <a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records" title="Impulse! Records">Impulse!</a>, the groundbreaking jazz label. The vault held masters for the MCA, ABC, A&M, Geffen and Interscope labels; as well as some smaller subsidiary labels. Nearly all of these masters—in some cases, the complete discographies of entire record labels—were wiped out in the fire."<sup id="cite_ref-Rosen_157-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosen-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chokshi_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chokshi-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a statement issued on June 11, 2019, UMG said <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> article contained "numerous inaccuracies, misleading statements, contradictions and fundamental misunderstandings of the scope of the incident and affected assets."<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the publication of the <i>New York Times</i> story, <a href="/wiki/Questlove" title="Questlove">Questlove</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Roots" title="The Roots">The Roots</a> confirmed that the master tapes for two of the band's albums, including unused material and multi-track recordings, were lost in the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> bassist <a href="/wiki/Krist_Novoselic" title="Krist Novoselic">Krist Novoselic</a> said he believed the masters for the band's 1991 album <i><a href="/wiki/Nevermind" title="Nevermind">Nevermind</a></i> were "gone forever" as a result of the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-mourn_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mourn-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Representatives for <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a> announced they would investigate the effects the fire may have had on the band's archival materials, while <a href="/wiki/Hole_(band)" title="Hole (band)">Hole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steely_Dan" title="Steely Dan">Steely Dan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Cash" title="Rosanne Cash">Rosanne Cash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Downes" title="Geoff Downes">Geoff Downes</a> made statements on their possible losses from the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-mourn_161-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mourn-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A representative for <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> confirmed that the rapper's master recordings were digitized months before the fire, but could not confirm whether the physical master reels of his recordings were affected.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UMG archivist Patrick Kraus assured that the <a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records" title="Impulse! Records">Impulse! Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashboro_Records" title="Nashboro Records">Nashboro Records</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess Records</a> masters survived the fire and were still in Universal's archive.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Howard King filed a lawsuit in Los Angeles on June 21, 2019, on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Soundgarden" title="Soundgarden">Soundgarden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hole_(band)" title="Hole (band)">Hole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Earle" title="Steve Earle">Steve Earle</a>, the estate of <a href="/wiki/Tupac_Shakur" title="Tupac Shakur">Tupac Shakur</a> and a former wife of <a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty" title="Tom Petty">Tom Petty</a> that seeks class action status for artists whose master recordings were believed to have been destroyed in the Universal Studios fire.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Megaupload">Megaupload</h3></div> <p>On December 9, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Megaupload" title="Megaupload">Megaupload</a> published a music video titled: "The Mega Song", showing artists including <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a> endorsing the company.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music video was also uploaded to YouTube, but was removed following a takedown request by UMG. <a href="/wiki/Megaupload" title="Megaupload">Megaupload</a> said that the video contained no infringing content, commenting: "we have signed agreements with every featured artist for this campaign".<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Megaupload" title="Megaupload">Megaupload</a> requested an apology from UMG, and filed a lawsuit against the company in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">United States District Court for the Northern District of California</a>, on December 12, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian1_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-torrentfreak1_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak1-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UMG denied that the takedown was ordered under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a>, and said that the takedown was "pursuant to the UMG-YouTube agreement," which gives UMG "the right to block or remove user-posted videos through YouTube's CMS (Content Management System) based on a number of contractually specified criteria."<sup id="cite_ref-arstechnica1_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arstechnica1-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The video was subsequently returned to YouTube, with the reasons for the UMG takedown remaining unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes1_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lawyers for <a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a> initially claimed that he had never agreed to the project, and on December 12, he denied any involvement in the takedown notice.<sup id="cite_ref-techdirt1_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techdirt1-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Megaupload dismissed its case against UMG in January 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_termination_lawsuit">Copyright termination lawsuit</h3></div> <p>On February 5, 2019, <a href="/wiki/John_Waite" title="John Waite">John Waite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Ely" title="Joe Ely">Joe Ely</a> filed a class-action lawsuit against UMG claiming that the company was violating their right to terminate grants of copyright after 35 years in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright law of the United States">copyright law of the United States</a> by ignoring Notices of Termination. On May 3, 2019, UMG filed a motion to dismiss the case, stating the Notices of Termination were not valid because the songs were not grants of copyright but <a href="/wiki/Work_for_hire" title="Work for hire">works for hire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DMN_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMN-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal_of_UMG_songs_from_TikTok">Removal of UMG songs from TikTok</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Universal_Music_Group_songs_from_TikTok" class="mw-redirect" title="Removal of Universal Music Group songs from TikTok">Removal of Universal Music Group songs from TikTok</a></div> <p>On February 1, 2024, music released by UMG was muted or removed from <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> after UMG and TikTok failed to reach a licensing agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Netherlands" title="Portal:Netherlands">Netherlands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_record_labels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of record labels">List of record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Universal_Music_Group_artists" title="List of Universal Music Group artists">List of Universal Music Group artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Universal_Music_Group_labels" title="List of Universal Music Group labels">List of Universal Music Group labels</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FY2023-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FY2023_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2023_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.ctfassets.net/e66ejtqbaazg/1psEFHkZbqpN6GxbUUYhPL/eae1981f98c7c682e5d09a2b324e1df0/UMG_4Q___FY23_Press_Release.pdf">"Universal Music Group N.V. Reports Financial Results for the Fourth Quarter and Full Year Ended December 31, 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Universal Music Group Official Website</i>. February 28, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vivendi&rft.atitle=Vivendi+Annual+Report+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vivendi.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F03%2FVivendi-Document-de-reference-2018-VA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vivendi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Universal-Music-Group-Prospectus-14-September-2021.pdf">"Universal Music Group Prospectus 14 September 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Vivendi SE</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Product+Habits&rft.atitle=How+Spotify+Built+a+%2420+Billion+Business+by+Changing+How+People+Listen+to+Music&rft.date=2018-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fproducthabits.com%2Fhow-spotify-built-a-20-billion-business-by-changing-how-people-listen-to-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/vivendi-appoints-lucian-grainge-chairman-1005066282.story">"Vivendi Appoints Lucian Grainge Chairman & CEO of Universal Music Group"</a>. <i>Billboard.biz</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Billboard.biz&rft.atitle=Vivendi+Appoints+Lucian+Grainge+Chairman+%26+CEO+of+Universal+Music+Group&rft.date=2011-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.biz%2Fbbbiz%2Findustry%2Frecord-labels%2Fvivendi-appoints-lucian-grainge-chairman-1005066282.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Ethan (March 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703559604576176500047935830.html?mod=googlenews_wsj">"Sony Music Recruits CEO"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629101254/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703559604576176500047935830.html?mod=googlenews_wsj">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Sony+Music+Recruits+CEO&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052748703559604576176500047935830.html%3Fmod%3Dgooglenews_wsj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/01/universal-music-library-of-congress-bing-crosby-ella-fitzgerald.html">"Pop & Hiss"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. January 10, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126071152/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/01/universal-music-library-of-congress-bing-crosby-ella-fitzgerald.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Pop+%26+Hiss&rft.date=2011-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fmusic_blog%2F2011%2F01%2Funiversal-music-library-of-congress-bing-crosby-ella-fitzgerald.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112081355/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-11-12/citigroup-sells-emi-in-parts-for-4-1-billion-to-vivendi-sony.html">"Citigroup Sells EMI in Parts for $4.1 Billion to Vivendi, Sony"</a>. <i>Businessweek.com</i>. December 8, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-11-12/citigroup-sells-emi-in-parts-for-4-1-billion-to-vivendi-sony.html">the original</a> on November 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Businessweek.com&rft.atitle=Citigroup+Sells+EMI+in+Parts+for+%244.1+Billion+to+Vivendi%2C+Sony&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fnews%2F2011-11-12%2Fcitigroup-sells-emi-in-parts-for-4-1-billion-to-vivendi-sony.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio-info.com/news/warner-music-group-wants-emi">Warner Music Group Wants Part Of EMI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120706175309/http://www.radio-info.com/news/warner-music-group-wants-emi">Archived</a> July 6, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio-info.com/">Radio-Info.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111031083714/http://www.radio-info.com/">Archived</a> October 31, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (released October 31, 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425112050/http://www.impalamusic.org/docum/04-press/2011/PR%20-%2020111108.htm">"Color"</a>. <i>Impalamusic.org</i>. 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March 23, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163000/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/23/us-emi-universal-eu-idUSBRE82M0ZL20120323">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=EU+opens+investigation+into+Universal%2C+EMI+deal&rft.date=2012-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-emi-universal-eu-idUSBRE82M0ZL20120323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/mar/24/universal-emi-antitrust">"This page has been removed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325191748/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/mar/24/universal-emi-antitrust">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=This+page+has+been+removed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2012%2Fmar%2F24%2Funiversal-emi-antitrust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joshua R. 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L. 589, 602–04 (2013) (describing the antitrust scrutiny surrounding the sale of EMI's recorded music division to UMG).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-emiapproved-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-emiapproved_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweney2012" class="citation news cs1">Sweney, Mark (September 21, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/21/universal-emi-takeover-approved">"Universal's £1.2bn EMI takeover approved – with conditions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528052507/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/sep/21/universal-emi-takeover-approved">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 15, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225193530/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1539388/analysis-bmg-poised-to-become-a-top-indie-catalog-following-sanctuary">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+BMG+Poised+to+Become+a+Top+Indie+Catalog+Following+Sanctuary+Acquisition&rft.date=2013-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fbiz%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F1539388%2Fanalysis-bmg-poised-to-become-a-top-indie-catalog-following-sanctuary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSisario2013" class="citation news cs1">Sisario, Ben (February 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/warner-music-group-buys-emi-assets-for-765-million/">"Warner Music Group Buys EMI Assets for $765 Million"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922003344/http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/warner-music-group-buys-emi-assets-for-765-million/">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Warner+Music+Group+Buys+EMI+Assets+for+%24765+Million&rft.date=2013-02-08&rft.aulast=Sisario&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F02%2F07%2Fwarner-music-group-buys-emi-assets-for-765-million%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gramophone.co.uk/classical-music-news/warner-to-buy-the-parlophone-label-group">"Warner to buy the Parlophone Label Group"</a>. <i>Gramophone.co.uk</i>. February 7, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130214024319/http://www.gramophone.co.uk/classical-music-news/warner-to-buy-the-parlophone-label-group">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gramophone.co.uk&rft.atitle=Warner+to+buy+the+Parlophone+Label+Group&rft.date=2013-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gramophone.co.uk%2Fclassical-music-news%2Fwarner-to-buy-the-parlophone-label-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-27/universal-music-said-to-sell-now-rights-for-about-60-million.html">"Universal Music Sells Now! European Rights to Sony Music"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023185634/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-27/universal-music-said-to-sell-now-rights-for-about-60-million.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Universal+Music+Sells+Now%21+European+Rights+to+Sony+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2013-02-27%2Funiversal-music-said-to-sell-now-rights-for-about-60-million.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730032834/http://www.thecmuwebsite.com/article/piass-co-op-acquisition-approved/">"[PIAS]'s Co-op acquisition approved"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Music_Update" title="Complete Music Update">Complete Music Update</a></i>. March 26, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecmuwebsite.com/article/piass-co-op-acquisition-approved/">the original</a> on July 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Complete+Music+Update&rft.atitle=%5BPIAS%5D%27s+Co-op+acquisition+approved&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecmuwebsite.com%2Farticle%2Fpiass-co-op-acquisition-approved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1552454/universal-music-uk-announces-launch-of-virgin-emi">Universal Music UK Announces Launch of Virgin EMI Records</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518113054/https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1552454/universal-music-uk-announces-launch-of-virgin-emi">Archived</a> May 18, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Billboard (March 18, 2013). Retrieved on July 16, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΚέρκης" class="citation web cs1">Κέρκης, Γιάννης. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogdoo.gr/epikairotita/mousika-nea/h-cobalt-music-agorase-tin-universal-mus">"H Cobalt Music "αγόρασε" την Universal Music Greece"</a>. <i>Ogdoo.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825142621/http://www.ogdoo.gr/epikairotita/mousika-nea/h-cobalt-music-agorase-tin-universal-mus">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ogdoo.gr&rft.atitle=H+Cobalt+Music+%22%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B5%22+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+Universal+Music+Greece&rft.aulast=%CE%9A%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.aufirst=%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogdoo.gr%2Fepikairotita%2Fmousika-nea%2Fh-cobalt-music-agorase-tin-universal-mus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnti2013" class="citation web cs1">Onti, Nicky Mariam (May 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greece.greekreporter.com/2013/05/21/minos-emi-greek-universal-subsidiary/">"MINOS-EMI Greek Universal Subsidiary | GreekReporter.com"</a>. <i>GreekReporter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508185516/https://greece.greekreporter.com/2013/05/21/minos-emi-greek-universal-subsidiary/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GreekReporter&rft.atitle=MINOS-EMI+Greek+Universal+Subsidiary+%7C+GreekReporter.com&rft.date=2013-05-21&rft.aulast=Onti&rft.aufirst=Nicky+Mariam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreece.greekreporter.com%2F2013%2F05%2F21%2Fminos-emi-greek-universal-subsidiary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214060046/http://www.edel.com/de/investor-relations/presse/pressemitteilungen/details/edel-kauft-legendaeres-jazzlabel-von-universal/">"Edel kauft legendäres Jazzlabel von Universal"</a>. <i>Edel AG</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edel.com/de/investor-relations/presse/pressemitteilungen/details/edel-kauft-legendaeres-jazzlabel-von-universal/">the original</a> on February 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edel+AG&rft.atitle=Edel+kauft+legend%C3%A4res+Jazzlabel+von+Universal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edel.com%2Fde%2Finvestor-relations%2Fpresse%2Fpressemitteilungen%2Fdetails%2Fedel-kauft-legendaeres-jazzlabel-von-universal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversal_Music_Group2013" class="citation web cs1">Universal Music Group (March 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/universal-music-group-umg--disney-music-group-dmg-expand-agreement-globally-199163341.html">"Universal Music Group (UMG) & Disney Music Group (DMG) Expand Agreement Globally"</a>. <i>Prnewswire.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318135432/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/universal-music-group-umg--disney-music-group-dmg-expand-agreement-globally-199163341.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prnewswire.com&rft.atitle=Universal+Music+Group+%28UMG%29+%26+Disney+Music+Group+%28DMG%29+Expand+Agreement+Globally&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft.au=Universal+Music+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Funiversal-music-group-umg--disney-music-group-dmg-expand-agreement-globally-199163341.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universalmusic.com/corporate/detail/2457">"UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP (UMG) & DISNEY MUSIC GROUP (DMG) EXPAND AGREEMENT GLOBALLY"</a>. <i>Universalmusic.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129134643/http://www.universalmusic.com/corporate/detail/2457">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Universalmusic.com&rft.atitle=UNIVERSAL+MUSIC+GROUP+%28UMG%29+%26+DISNEY+MUSIC+GROUP+%28DMG%29+EXPAND+AGREEMENT+GLOBALLY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universalmusic.com%2Fcorporate%2Fdetail%2F2457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurweb.com/2013/04/motown-records-and-emi-gospel-announce-joint-venture-motown-gospel/">Motown Records and EMI Gospel Announce Joint Venture: Motown Gospel | EURweb – Part 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406162744/http://www.eurweb.com/2013/04/motown-records-and-emi-gospel-announce-joint-venture-motown-gospel/">Archived</a> April 6, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. EURweb (April 2, 2013). Retrieved on July 16, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/19/business/media/vivendi-declined-softbanks-lucrative-offer-for-universal.html">"Vivendi Declined SoftBank's Lucrative Offer for Universal"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. July 19, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161113123235/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/19/business/media/vivendi-declined-softbanks-lucrative-offer-for-universal.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Vivendi+Declined+SoftBank%27s+Lucrative+Offer+for+Universal&rft.date=2013-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F19%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fvivendi-declined-softbanks-lucrative-offer-for-universal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteigrad2018" class="citation web cs1">Steigrad, Alexandra (July 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2018/07/30/universal-music-group-wont-go-public/">"Universal Music Group won't go public"</a>. <i>New York Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508185515/https://nypost.com/2018/07/30/universal-music-group-wont-go-public/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H24Info&rft.atitle=Universal+Music+annonce+l%E2%80%99ouverture+d%E2%80%99un+bureau+%C3%A0+Casablanca&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.h24info.ma%2Funiversal-music-annonce-louverture-dun-bureau-a-casablanca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnh.ma/article/actualites-marocaines/Universal-Music-Morocco-North-Africa-Un-Hub-regional-pour-la-signature-et-le-developpement-de-talents-locaux">"Universal Music Morocco & North Africa : Un Hub régional pour la signature et le développement de talents locaux"</a>. <i>Finances News Hebdo</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=Hole+Say+They+Were+Never+Told+About+Lost+Recordings+in+Warehouse+Fire&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Fnews%2Fhole-say-they-were-never-told-about-lost-recordings-in-warehouse-fire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Music+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mourn-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_161-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_161-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolson2019" class="citation web cs1">Holson, Laura M. 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Users are starting to find out"</a>. <i>NBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Universal Music Group</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Universal_Music_Group" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Universal Music Group">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Universal_Music_Group" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Universal Music Group">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38903" class="extiw" title="d:Q38903">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalmusic.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universal_Music_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universal_Music_Group" title="Template:Universal Music Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universal_Music_Group" title="Template talk:Universal Music Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universal_Music_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universal Music Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universal_Music_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal Music Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Grainge" title="Lucian Grainge">Lucian Grainge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Mitchell_(businessman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Mitchell (businessman) (page does not exist)">James Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manning_Doherty_(businessman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manning Doherty (businessman) (page does not exist)">Manning Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ackman" title="Bill Ackman">Bill Ackman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Flageul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Flageul (page does not exist)">Philippe Flageul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Gerson" title="Jody Gerson">Jody Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_Muir" title="Boyd Muir">Boyd Muir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interscope_Capitol_Labels_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Interscope Capitol Labels Group">Interscope Capitol Labels Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Music_Group" title="Capitol Music Group">Capitol Music Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records" title="Blue Note Records">Blue Note Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astralwerks" title="Astralwerks">Astralwerks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvest_Records" title="Harvest Records">Harvest Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Christian_Music_Group" title="Capitol Christian Music Group">Capitol Christian Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ForeFront_Records" title="ForeFront Records">ForeFront Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Christian_Music_Group" title="Capitol Christian Music Group">Motown Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparrow_Records" title="Sparrow Records">Sparrow Records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priority_Records" title="Priority Records">Priority Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Control_Music" title="Quality Control Music">Quality Control Music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interscope_Geffen_A%26M" class="mw-redirect" title="Interscope Geffen A&M">Interscope Geffen A&M</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interscope_Records" title="Interscope Records">Interscope Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geffen_Records" title="Geffen Records">Geffen Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%26M_Records" title="A&M Records">A&M Records</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interscope_Films&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interscope Films (page does not exist)">Interscope Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_Entertainment" title="Aftermath Entertainment">Aftermath Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darkroom_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darkroom (company) (page does not exist)">Darkroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamville_Records" title="Dreamville Records">Dreamville Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidinakorner" title="Kidinakorner">Kidinakorner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Renaissance" title="Love Renaissance">LVRN Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Blanco" title="Benny Blanco">Mad Love and Friends Keep Secrets Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shady_Records" title="Shady Records">Shady Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_Music_Group" title="Cinematic Music Group">Cinematic Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Records" title="Downtown Records">Downtown Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verve_Label_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Verve Label Group">Verve Label Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decca_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Decca Classics">Decca Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_KX" title="Mercury KX">Mercury KX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records" title="Impulse! Records">Impulse! Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Forecast_Records" title="Verve Forecast Records">Verve Forecast Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Records" title="Republic Records">Republic Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_Money_Records" title="Cash Money Records">Cash Money Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Money_Entertainment" title="Young Money Entertainment">Young Money Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recordings_(record_label)" title="American Recordings (record label)">American Recordings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boominati_Worldwide" class="mw-redirect" title="Boominati Worldwide">Boominati Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushfire_Records" title="Brushfire Records">Brushfire Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Records" title="Casablanca Records">Casablanca Records</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Films&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Films (page does not exist)">Federal Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Records" title="Lava Records">Lava Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Arabic_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Arabic Music">Universal Arabic Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XO_(record_label)" title="XO (record label)">XO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Def_Jam_Recordings" title="Def Jam Recordings">Def Jam Recordings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Music_Group" title="Virgin Music Group">Virgin Music Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Virgin Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Records" title="Caroline Records">Caroline Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_Records" title="Fontana Records">Fontana Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V2_Records" title="V2 Records">V2 Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIAS_Group" title="PIAS Group">PIAS Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Latin_Entertainment" title="Universal Music Latin Entertainment">UM Latin Entertainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Latin" title="Capitol Latin">Capitol Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disa_Records" title="Disa Records">Disa Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonovisa_Records" title="Fonovisa Records">Fonovisa Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machete_Music" title="Machete Music">Machete Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Latino" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Music Latino">Universal Music Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_M%C3%A9xico" title="Universal Music México">Universal Music México</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_Nashville" title="Universal Music Group Nashville">UMG Nashville</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_Nashville#MCA_Nashville" title="Universal Music Group Nashville">MCA Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_Nashville#Mercury_Nashville" title="Universal Music Group Nashville">Mercury Nashville Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_Nashville#Lost_Highway_Records" title="Universal Music Group Nashville">Lost Highway Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records_Nashville" title="Capitol Records Nashville">Capitol Records Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_Nashville#EMI_Records_Nashville" title="Universal Music Group Nashville">EMI Records Nashville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Australia" title="Universal Music Australia">UM Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Records_Australia" title="Island Records Australia">Island Records Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Era_Records" title="Golden Era Records">Golden Era Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_Recordings" title="Modular Recordings">Modular Recordings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Music_Australia" title="EMI Music Australia">EMI Music Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Japan" title="Universal Music Japan">UM Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polydor_Records" title="Polydor Records">Polydor Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Records" title="EMI Records">EMI Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_D" title="Universal D">Universal D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Virgin Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Def_Jam_Recordings" title="Def Jam Recordings">Def Jam Recordings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Classics_and_Jazz" title="Universal Classics and Jazz">Universal Classics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Music UK">UM UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Records" title="EMI Records">EMI Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydor_Records" title="Polydor Records">Polydor Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Def_Jam_Recordings" title="Def Jam Recordings">0207 Def Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_TV" title="Universal Music TV">Universal Music On Demand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Music_Greater_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universal Music Greater China (page does not exist)">UM Greater China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Records" title="EMI Records">EMI China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Music Hong Kong">PolyGram Records China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Records" title="Republic Records">Republic Records China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Music_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universal Music China (page does not exist)">Universal Music China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Music Hong Kong">Universal Music Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Music Taiwan">Universal Music Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Music France">UM France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Music France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Island_Def_Jam_Record&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Island Def Jam Record (page does not exist)">Island Def Jam France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydor_Records" title="Polydor Records">Polydor France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romance_Musique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romance Musique (page does not exist)">Romance Musique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIAS_Group" title="PIAS Group">PIAS France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Virgin Records France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UMG_Philippines" title="UMG Philippines">UM Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Def_Jam_Recordings" title="Def Jam Recordings">Def Jam Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Records" title="EMI Records">EMI Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Records" title="Republic Records">Republic Records Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMG_Philippines" title="UMG Philippines">UMG Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Africa" title="Universal Music Africa">Universal Music Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U-Live_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U-Live Africa (page does not exist)">U-Live Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motown_Gospel_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motown Gospel Africa (page does not exist)">Motown Gospel Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Def_Jam_Africa" title="Def Jam Africa">Def Jam Recordings Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_Nigeria" title="Universal Music Group Nigeria">Universal Music Group Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_South_Africa" title="Universal Music South Africa">Universal Music South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Note_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Note Africa (page does not exist)">Blue Note Records Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Music_Label_%26_Artist_Services_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgin Music Label & Artist Services Africa (page does not exist)">Virgin Music Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Universal_Music_Group_labels" title="List of Universal Music Group labels">Other UMG labels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Enterprises" title="Universal Music Enterprises">Universal Music Enterprises</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip-O_Records" title="Hip-O Records">Hip-O Records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Indonesia" title="Universal Music Indonesia">Universal Music Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Music_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universal Music Malaysia (page does not exist)">Universal Music Malaysia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishing division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing_Group" title="Universal Music Publishing Group">Universal Music Publishing Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Production_Music" title="Universal Production Music">Universal Production Music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film/TV units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Rock_Entertainment" title="Eagle Rock Entertainment">Eagle Rock Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PolyGram_Entertainment" title="PolyGram Entertainment">PolyGram Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-UMG distributed labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Machine_Label_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Machine Label Group">Big Machine Label Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Group" title="Disney Music Group">Disney Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Records" title="Hollywood Records">Hollywood Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Curve_Records" title="S-Curve Records">S-Curve Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Records" title="Walt Disney Records">Walt Disney Records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roc_Nation" title="Roc Nation">Roc Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dew_Process" title="Dew Process">Dew Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Records" title="Nickelodeon Records">Nickelodeon Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Records" title="Red Bull Records">Red Bull Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Because_Music" title="Because Music">Because Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Recordings" title="London Recordings">London Recordings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Banger_Records" title="Ed Banger Records">Ed Banger Records</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="International_third-party_licensees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Universal_Music_Group_labels#Third-party_national_licensees" title="List of Universal Music Group labels">International third-party licensees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreamus" title="Dreamus">Dreamus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(South Korea (JYP Entertainment))</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicon_(record_label)" title="Helicon (record label)">Helicon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Israel)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff_Gong" title="Tuff Gong">Tuff Gong</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Caribbean)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YG_Plus" title="YG Plus">YG Plus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(South Korea (HYBE Labels))</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musica_Studios" title="Musica Studios">Musica Studios</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Indonesia)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vivendi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vivendi" title="Template:Vivendi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vivendi" title="Template talk:Vivendi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vivendi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vivendi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vivendi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Vivendi" title="List of assets owned by Vivendi">List of owned assets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Vincent Bolloré">Vincent Bolloré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_de_Puyfontaine" title="Arnaud de Puyfontaine">Arnaud de Puyfontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rodocanachi" title="Pierre Rodocanachi">Pierre Rodocanachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Canal%2B" title="Groupe Canal+">Groupe Canal+</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">Canal+</a><br />France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C8_(French_TV_channel)" title="C8 (French TV channel)">C8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_provider)" title="Canal+ (French TV provider)">Canal+ (provider)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Afrique" title="Canal+ Afrique">Afrique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Cal%C3%A9donie" title="Canal+ Calédonie">Calédonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Cara%C3%AFbes" title="Canal+ Caraïbes">Caraïbes</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Sport_360" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Sport 360">Canal+ Sport 360</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Sport" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Sport">Canal+ Sport</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Foot" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Foot">Canal+ Foot</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_S%C3%A9ries" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Séries">Canal+ Séries</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Cin%C3%A9ma" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Cinéma">Canal+ Cinéma</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Docs" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Docs">Canal+ Docs</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Kids" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Kids">Canal+ Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNews" title="CNews">CNews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CStar" title="CStar">CStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo_TV" title="Mezzo TV">Mezzo TV</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo_Live_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezzo Live HD">Mezzo Live HD</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MultiTh%C3%A9matiques" class="mw-redirect" title="MultiThématiques">MultiThématiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCS_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCS (TV channel)">OCS</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Frisson" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Frisson">Ciné+ Frisson</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_%C3%89motion" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Émotion">Ciné+ Émotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciné+ Family">Ciné+ Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciné+ Festival">Ciné+ Festival</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Classic" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Classic">Ciné+ Classic</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfoSport%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:InfoSport+">InfoSport+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Foot+">Foot+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Rugby+">Rugby+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Golf+">Golf+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_TV" class="extiw" title="fr:Olympia TV">Olympia TV</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Com%C3%A9die%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Comédie+">Comédie+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Polar+">Polar+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Planète+">Planète+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te%2B_Crime" class="extiw" title="fr:Planète+ Crime">Planète+ Crime</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te%2B_Aventure" class="extiw" title="fr:Planète+ Aventure">Planète+ Aventure</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasons" class="extiw" title="fr:Seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CStar_Hits_France" class="extiw" title="fr:CStar Hits France">CStar Hits France</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwi%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Piwi+">Piwi+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9toon%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="Télétoon+">Télétoon+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9toon%2B1" class="extiw" title="fr:Télétoon+1">Télétoon+1</a></li> <li>Thema TV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nollywood_TV" title="Nollywood TV">Nollywood TV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nollywood_TV_Epic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nollywood TV Epic (page does not exist)">Nollywood TV Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novelas_TV" title="Novelas TV">Novelas TV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canal+<br />Poland (51%)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale_Kino%2B" title="Ale Kino+">Ale Kino+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Domo" title="Canal+ Domo">Domo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Kuchnia" title="Canal+ Kuchnia">Kuchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniMini%2B" title="MiniMini+">MiniMini+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(Polish_TV_provider)" title="Canal+ (Polish TV provider)">Canal+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Premium" title="Canal+ Premium">Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Sport_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ Sport (Polish TV channel)">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Sport_2_(TV_channel)" title="Canal+ Sport 2 (TV channel)">Sport 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletoon%2B" title="Teletoon+">Teletoon+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M7_Group" title="M7 Group">M7 Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Digitaal" title="Canal Digitaal">Canal Digitaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Sat" title="Focus Sat">Focus Sat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylink_(TV_platform)" title="Skylink (TV platform)">Skylink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9sat" title="Télésat">Télésat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Vlaanderen" title="TV Vlaanderen">TV Vlaanderen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/StudioCanal" title="StudioCanal">StudioCanal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthaus_(video_label)" title="Arthaus (video label)">Arthaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Production_Company" title="Red Production Company">Red Production Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rok_Studios" title="Rok Studios">Rok Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudioCanal_UK" title="StudioCanal UK">StudioCanal UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Productions_(German_company)" title="Tandem Productions (German company)">Tandem Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_FilmWorks" title="Dutch FilmWorks">Dutch FilmWorks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vivendi Ticketing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Digitick</li> <li>Vivendi Village <ul><li><a href="/wiki/See_Tickets" title="See Tickets">See Tickets</a> <ul><li>See Tickets USA <ul><li>Flavorus</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>MyBestPro</li> <li>Watchever</li> <li>L’Olympia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prisma Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(French_magazine)" title="Capital (French magazine)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femme_Actuelle" title="Femme Actuelle">Femme Actuelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEO_(magazine)" title="GEO (magazine)">Geo</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_(magazine)" title="Prima (magazine)">Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSD_(French_magazine)" title="VSD (French magazine)">VSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voici" title="Voici">Voici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lagardère_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Template:Lagardère"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Template talk:Lagardère"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lagardère"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lagardère_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Group" title="Lagardère Group">Lagardère Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Publishing" title="Lagardère Publishing">Lagardère<br />Publishing</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Livre" title="Hachette Livre">Hachette Livre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Colin" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmann-L%C3%A9vy" title="Calmann-Lévy">Calmann-Lévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalloz" title="Dalloz">Dalloz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayard" title="Fayard">Fayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier-Languereau" title="Gautier-Languereau">Gautier-Languereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Grasset" title="Éditions Grasset">Grasset</a></li> <li>Hachette</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatier" title="Hatier">Hatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Larousse" title="Éditions Larousse">Larousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Livre_de_Poche" title="Le Livre de Poche">Librairie Générale Française</a> (80%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JC_Latt%C3%A8s" title="JC Lattès">JC Lattès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pika_%C3%89dition" class="mw-redirect" title="Pika Édition">Pika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_(publishing_house)" title="Stock (publishing house)">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatier" title="Hatier">Hatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelsa" title="Edelsa">Edelsa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group" title="Hachette Book Group">Hachette<br />Book Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Publishing" title="Grand Central Publishing">Grand Central</a></li> <li>Hachette Nashville <ul><li>Center Street</li> <li>FaithWords</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown</a> <ul><li>Little, Brown Spark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Books" title="Mulholland Books">Mulholland Books</a></li> <li>Voracious</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_Books" title="Orbit Books">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_Books_Group" title="Perseus Books Group">Perseus</a> <ul><li>Avalon Travel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seal_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal Press">Seal Press</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Books" title="Hachette Books">Hachette Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dog_%26_Leventhal_Publishers" title="Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers">Black Dog & Leventhal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yen_Press" title="Yen Press">Yen</a> (49%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette UK">Hachette UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hachette Children's <ul><li>Orchard Books<sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Franklin Watts<sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Wayland</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headline_Publishing_Group" title="Headline Publishing Group">Headline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_Books" title="Coronet Books">Coronet</a></li> <li>Sceptre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Kite" title="Yellow Kite">Yellow Kite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hodder Education <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galore_Park" title="Galore Park">Galore Park</a></li> <li>Gibson</li> <li>Philip Allan Updates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teach_Yourself" title="Teach Yourself">Teach Yourself</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodder_Faith" title="Hodder Faith">Hodder Faith</a></li> <li>John Murray Learning <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chambers_(publisher)" title="Chambers (publisher)">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Thomas" title="Michel Thomas">Michel Thomas Method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Roads" title="Two Roads">Two Roads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_Book_Group" title="Little, Brown Book Group">Little, Brown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constable_%26_Robinson" title="Constable & Robinson">Constable & Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Books_(UK)" title="Mulholland Books (UK)">Mulholland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_Books" title="Orbit Books">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virago_Press" title="Virago Press">Virago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_Books" title="Sphere Books">Sphere</a></li></ul></li> <li>Octopus <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassell_(publisher)" title="Cassell (publisher)">Cassell Illustrated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conran_Octopus" title="Conran Octopus">Conran Octopus</a></li> <li>Gaia</li> <li>Godsfield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlyn_(publisher)" title="Hamlyn (publisher)">Hamlyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Beazley" title="Mitchell Beazley">Mitchell Beazley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Philip_(cartographer)" title="George Philip (cartographer)">Philip's</a></li> <li>Spruce</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group" title="Orion Publishing Group">Orion Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gollancz_Ltd" title="Victor Gollancz Ltd">Gollancz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercus_(publisher)" title="Quercus (publisher)">Quercus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookouture" title="Bookouture">Bookouture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachette_India" title="Hachette India">Hachette India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_News" title="Lagardère News">Lagardère<br />News</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Filipacchi_M%C3%A9dias" title="Hachette Filipacchi Médias">Hachette<br />Filipacchi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elle_(magazine)" title="Elle (magazine)">Elle</a></i> (brand)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Match" title="Paris Match">Paris Match</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV & Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_radio" title="Delta radio">Delta Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">Europe 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacaranda_FM" title="Jacaranda FM">Jacaranda FM</a> (20%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_ZET" title="Radio ZET">Radio ZET</a> (part owner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_World_Radio" title="One World Radio">VIBE FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_2" title="Europe 2">Europe 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFM_(French_radio_station)" title="RFM (French radio station)">RFM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lagardère<br />Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Live_Entertainment" title="Lagardère Live Entertainment">Lagardère Live Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Distribution_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette Distribution Services">HDS Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsLink" title="NewsLink">LS Travel Retail Asia Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradies_Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Paradies Lagardère">Paradies Lagardère</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Lagardère SCA owns these brands in the United Kingdom only. These brands are owned by <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Corporation" title="Scholastic Corporation">Scholastic Corporation</a> in the United States.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Havas" title="Havas">Havas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Worldwide" title="Arnold Worldwide">Arnold Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BETC" title="BETC">BETC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp%2BKing" title="Camp+King">Camp+King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_RSCG_London" title="Euro RSCG London">Euro RSCG London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FullSIX" title="FullSIX">FullSIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havas_Creative" title="Havas Creative">Havas Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havas_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Havas London">Havas London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havas_Media" title="Havas Media">Havas Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messner_Vetere_Berger_McNamee_Schmetterer/Euro_RSCG" title="Messner Vetere Berger McNamee Schmetterer/Euro RSCG">Messner Vetere Berger McNamee Schmetterer/Euro RSCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snyder_Communications" title="Snyder Communications">Snyder Communications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">Dailymotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameloft" title="Gameloft">Gameloft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equity investments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecom Italia">Telecom Italia</a> (23.75%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct/former<br />assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budcat_Creations" title="Budcat Creations">Budcat Creations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Ward" title="Infinity Ward">Infinity Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxoflux" title="Luxoflux">Luxoflux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_Entertainment" title="Massive Entertainment">Massive Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neversoft" title="Neversoft">Neversoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Entertainment" title="Radical Entertainment">Radical Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedOctane" title="RedOctane">RedOctane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaba_Games" title="Shaba Games">Shaba Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Entertainment" title="Sierra Entertainment">Sierra Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treyarch" title="Treyarch">Treyarch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_Magic" title="Animation Magic">Animation Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banijay" class="mw-redirect" title="Banijay">Banijay Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Family" title="Canal+ Family">Canal+ Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Gol_(Poland)" title="Canal+ Gol (Poland)">Canal+ Gol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editis" title="Editis">Editis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiam_Vivendi_Entertainment" title="Gaiam Vivendi Entertainment">Gaiam Vivendi Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala_(magazine)" title="Gala (magazine)">Gala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Village_Telecom" title="Global Village Telecom">GVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JumpStart_Games" title="JumpStart Games">Knowledge Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroc_Telecom" title="Maroc Telecom">Maroc Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Pictures" title="Rogue Pictures">Rogue Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFR" title="SFR">SFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Sport+ (French TV channel)">Sport+</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veolia" title="Veolia">Veolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi_Games" title="Vivendi Games">Vivendi Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Interactive" title="Fox Interactive">Fox Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Interactive" title="Universal Interactive">Universal Interactive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCS_(TV_network)" title="OCS (TV network)">OCS</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Premier" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Premier">Ciné+ Premier</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Famiz" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Famiz">Ciné+ Famiz</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Club" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Club">Ciné+ Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Vivendi" title="Category:Vivendi"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vivendi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vivendi"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tencent" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tencent" title="Template:Tencent"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tencent" title="Template talk:Tencent"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tencent" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tencent"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tencent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foxmail" title="Foxmail">Foxmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iflix" title="Iflix">iflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joox" title="Joox">JOOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_QQ" title="Tencent QQ">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QQLive" title="QQLive">QQLive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qzone" title="Qzone">Qzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogou" title="Sogou">Sogou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soso_(search_engine)" title="Soso (search engine)">Soso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Animation_and_Comics" title="Tencent Animation and Comics">Tencent Animation and Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Cloud" title="Tencent Cloud">Tencent Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Maps" title="Tencent Maps">Tencent Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Video" title="Tencent Video">Tencent Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Weibo" title="Tencent Weibo">Tencent Weibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeBank_(China)" title="WeBank (China)">WeBank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WeChat_red_envelope" title="WeChat red envelope">Red envelope</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KuGou" title="KuGou">KuGou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Music_Asian_Music_Awards" title="Ku Music Asian Music Awards">Ku Music Asian Music Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QQ_Music" title="QQ Music">QQ Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QQ_Music_Awards" title="QQ Music Awards">QQ Music Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Music" title="Tencent Music">Tencent Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Classics_Media" title="New Classics Media">New Classics Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Pictures" title="Tencent Pictures">Tencent Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatshark" title="Fatshark">Fatshark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulqrum_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulqrum Publishing">Fulqrum Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funcom" title="Funcom">Funcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_Gear_Games" title="Grinding Gear Games">Grinding Gear Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klei_Entertainment" title="Klei Entertainment">Klei Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyou" title="Leyou">Leyou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athlon_Games" title="Athlon Games">Athlon Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Extremes" title="Digital Extremes">Digital Extremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splash_Damage" title="Splash Damage">Splash Damage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniclip" title="Miniclip">Miniclip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QQ_Games" title="QQ Games">QQ Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_Games" title="Riot Games">Riot Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_Entertainment" title="Radiant Entertainment">Radiant Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixjoy_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixjoy Hong Kong">Sixjoy Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FromSoftware" title="FromSoftware">FromSoftware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo_Group" title="Sumo Group">Sumo Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auroch_Digital" title="Auroch Digital">Auroch Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chinese_Room" title="The Chinese Room">The Chinese Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo_Digital" title="Sumo Digital">Sumo Digital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercell_(video_game_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercell (video game company)">Supercell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techland" title="Techland">Techland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Games" title="Tencent Games">Tencent Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TiMi_Studio_Group" title="TiMi Studio Group">TiMi Studio Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequila_Works" title="Tequila Works">Tequila Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Rock_Studios" title="Turtle Rock Studios">Turtle Rock Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhalla_Game_Studios" title="Valhalla Game Studios">Valhalla Game Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Arts_(company)" title="Visual Arts (company)">Visual Arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Key_(company)" title="Key (company)">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KineticNovel" title="KineticNovel">KineticNovel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeGame" title="WeGame">WeGame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yager_Development" title="Yager Development">Yager Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/360_v._Tencent" title="360 v. Tencent">360 v. Tencent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_of_defrauding_Tencent_by_impersonating_Lao_Gan_Ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Case of defrauding Tencent by impersonating Lao Gan Ma">Lao Gan Ma fraud case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naspers" title="Naspers">Naspers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosus" title="Prosus">Prosus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Huateng" title="Ma Huateng">Ma Huateng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Zhang" title="Allen Zhang">Allen Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Zhang" title="Tony Zhang">Tony Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yidan" title="Chen Yidan">Chen Yidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xiaonan" title="Chen Xiaonan">Chen Xiaonan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_industry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_industry" title="Template:Music industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_industry" title="Template talk:Music industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_industry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major companies<br />and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Mexicana_de_Productores_de_Fonogramas_y_Videogramas" title="Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas">AMPROFON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesverband_Musikindustrie" title="Bundesverband Musikindustrie">BVMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">IFPI (worldwide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-M%C3%BAsica_Brasil" title="Pro-Música Brasil">PMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">PROMUSICAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">RIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Sony Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing_Group" title="Universal Music Publishing Group">Universal Music Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Chappell_Music" title="Warner Chappell Music">Warner Chappell Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Publishing" title="Disney Music Publishing">Disney Music Publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">Major</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Concord_(entertainment_company)" title="Concord (entertainment company)">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_independent_UK_record_labels" title="List of independent UK record labels">Independent UK record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_Music_Group" title="Allied Artists Music Group">AAMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retailers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_music_store" title="Digital music store">Digital music stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac">Fnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspien" title="Kaspien">Kaspien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTS_Eventim" title="CTS Eventim">CTS Eventim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveStyle" title="LiveStyle">LiveStyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster">Ticketmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Major genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">Easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal music">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors<br />and roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_cover#Design" title="Album cover">Album cover design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire">Artists and repertoire (A&R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry#Business_structure" title="Music industry">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_executive" title="Music executive">Music executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_publisher" title="Music publisher">Music publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">Music venue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">Radio promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_shop" title="Record shop">Record shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_crew" title="Road crew">Road crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_promoter" title="Tour promoter">Tour promoter</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Production" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">Lyricist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recording_format" title="Recording format">Release<br />formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play (EP)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelve-inch_single" title="Twelve-inch single">12" single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_single" title="Cassette single">Cassette single</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD_single" title="CD single">CD single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxi_single" title="Maxi single">Maxi single</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">Double album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">Music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_recording" title="Promotional recording">Promotional recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">Eight-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplay" title="Airplay">Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">Music streaming service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">Concert tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_residency" title="Concert residency">Concert residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">Music competition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">Charts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100" title="Argentina Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Argentina Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil_Hot_100" title="Brasil Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Brasil Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100" title="Canadian Hot 100">Canadian Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart" title="Circle Chart">Circle Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Music" title="G-Music">G-Music chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart" title="Irish Singles Chart">Irish Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">Italian singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts" title="GfK Entertainment charts">GfK Entertainment charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Monitoring_Africa" title="Entertainment Monitoring Africa">Entertainment Monitoring Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_New_Zealand_Music_Chart" title="Official New Zealand Music Chart">New Zealand singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_charts" title="Rolling Stone charts"><i>Rolling Stone</i> Top 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Chart" title="Sino Chart">Sino Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverigetopplistan" title="Sverigetopplistan">Sverigetopplistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_singles_chart" title="UK singles chart">UK singles chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits" title="Smash Hits">Smash Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops_(magazine)" title="Top of the Pops (magazine)">Top of the Pops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_television" title="Music television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V" title="Channel V">Channel V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(American_TV_channel)" title="CMT (American TV channel)">CMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)" title="Fuse (TV channel)">Fuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnet_(TV_channel)" title="Mnet (TV channel)">Mnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_(TV_channel)" title="Much (TV channel)">MuchMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Factory" title="The Music Factory">The Music Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Media">Viva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idol_(franchise)" title="Idol (franchise)"><i>Idol</i> franchise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popstars" title="Popstars">Popstars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Academy" title="Star Academy">Star Academy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_(franchise)" title="The Four (franchise)">The Four</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_(franchise)" title="The Voice (franchise)">The Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor" title="The X Factor">The X Factor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(franchise)" title="Rising Star (franchise)">Rising Star</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">Best-selling music artists</a> <ul><li>In: <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Finland" title="List of best-selling music artists in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_Germany" title="List of highest-certified music artists in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_female_music_artists_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling female music artists in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <small>(Females)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-certified music artists in the United States">United States</a></li> <li>Genre: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Latin_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Latin music artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nationality: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Belgian_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Belgian music artists">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil#Best-selling_Brazilian_artists_worldwide" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biggest-selling_British_music_artists" title="List of biggest-selling British music artists">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estimated_best-selling_Italian_music_artists" title="List of estimated best-selling Italian music artists">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Swedish_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Swedish music artists">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">Best-selling albums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_country" title="List of best-selling albums by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">Best-selling singles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_country" title="List of best-selling singles by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians" title="Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians">Highest-paid musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">Highest-grossing live music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">Highest-grossing concert tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_women" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by women">by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_Latin_artists" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concert_tours" title="List of most-attended concert tours">Most-attended concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">Most-attended concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Global Recording Artist of the Year">Global Recording Artist of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">Wealthiest musical artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit" title="Album-equivalent unit">Album-equivalent unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backmasking" title="Backmasking">Backmasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music_industry" title="Christian music industry">Christian music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the music industry">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_track" title="Hidden track">Hidden track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_music_deals" title="List of largest music deals">Largest music deals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">Largest recorded music markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_albums" title="List of most expensive albums">Most expensive albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_records" title="List of most valuable records">Most valuable records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">Music certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Advisory" title="Parental Advisory">Parental Advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_sales" title="Record sales">Record sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_album" title="Surprise album">Surprise album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_label" title="White label">White label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/24px-45_record.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/32px-45_record.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Record_production" title="Portal:Record production">Record production portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Music_industry" title="Category:Music industry">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="K-pop" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:K-pop" title="Template:K-pop"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:K-pop" title="Template talk:K-pop"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:K-pop" title="Special:EditPage/Template:K-pop"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="K-pop" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ballad" title="Korean ballad">Korean ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_hip_hop" title="Korean hip hop">Korean hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korean rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trot_(music)" title="Trot (music)">Trot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_technology" title="Cultural technology">Cultural technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_rice" title="Fan rice">Fan rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaeng_fan" title="Sasaeng fan">Sasaeng fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_idol" title="Korean idol">Idols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_contract" title="Slave contract">Slave contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexualization_and_sexual_exploitation_in_K-pop" title="Sexualization and sexual exploitation in K-pop">Sexualization and sexual exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_concert" title="Virtual concert">Virtual concert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_K-pop_artists" title="List of K-pop artists">Individual artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Korean_idol_groups" title="List of South Korean idol groups">Idol groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Korean_girl_groups" title="List of South Korean girl groups">Girl groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Korean_boy_bands" title="List of South Korean boy bands">Boy groups</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_Concert_(South_Korea)" title="Dream Concert (South Korea)">Dream Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCON_(music_festival)" title="KCON (music festival)">KCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop_Cover_Dance_Festival" title="K-pop Cover Dance Festival">K-pop Cover Dance Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Pop_World_Festival" title="K-Pop World Festival">K-Pop World Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allkpop" title="Allkpop">Allkpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_K-Town" title="Billboard K-Town"><i>Billboard</i> K-Town</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_K-pop_at_Billboard" title="Timeline of K-pop at Billboard">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_K-pop_at_Billboard_in_the_2020s" title="Timeline of K-pop at Billboard in the 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eatyourkimchi" title="Eatyourkimchi">Eatyourkimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soompi" title="Soompi">Soompi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_programs_of_South_Korea" title="Music programs of South Korea">Music shows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inkigayo" title="Inkigayo">Inkigayo</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System" title="Seoul Broadcasting System">SBS</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M_Countdown" title="M Countdown">M Countdown</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Mnet_(TV_channel)" title="Mnet (TV channel)">Mnet</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_Bank_(TV_program)" title="Music Bank (TV program)">Music Bank</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/KBS2" title="KBS2">KBS2</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_Universe_K-909" title="Music Universe K-909">Music Universe K-909</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/JTBC" title="JTBC">JTBC</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_on_Top" title="Music on Top">Music on Top</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/JTBC" title="JTBC">JTBC</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pops_in_Seoul" title="Pops in Seoul">Pops in Seoul</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arirang_TV" title="Arirang TV">Arirang TV</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Show_Champion" title="Show Champion">Show Champion</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/MBC_M" title="MBC M">MBC M</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Show!_Music_Core" title="Show! Music Core">Show! Music Core</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Show_(South_Korean_TV_program)" title="The Show (South Korean TV program)">The Show</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/SBS_M" title="SBS M">SBS M</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simply_K-Pop" title="Simply K-Pop">Simply K-Pop</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arirang_TV" title="Arirang TV">Arirang TV</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_K-pop_on_the_Billboard_charts" title="List of K-pop on the Billboard charts">List of K-pop on the <i>Billboard</i> charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_K-pop_albums_on_the_Billboard_charts" title="List of K-pop albums on the Billboard charts">Albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_K-pop_songs_on_the_Billboard_charts" title="List of K-pop songs on the Billboard charts">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_K-pop_songs_on_the_World_Digital_Song_Sales_chart" title="List of K-pop songs on the World Digital Song Sales chart">World Digital Song Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_K-pop_on_the_Billboard_year-end_charts" title="List of K-pop on the Billboard year-end charts">Year-end</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart" title="Circle Chart">Circle Chart</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Album_Chart" title="Circle Album Chart">albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Digital_Chart" title="Circle Digital Chart">singles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop_Hot_100" title="K-pop Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> K-pop Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea_Songs" title="South Korea Songs">South Korea Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_number-one_albums_in_South_Korea_(1998%E2%80%932008)" title="List of number-one albums in South Korea (1998–2008)">RIAK/MIAK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:South_Korean_record_labels" title="Category:South Korean record labels">Notable labels<br />and publishers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antenna_(record_label)" title="Antenna (record label)">Antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8D_Creative" title="8D Creative">8D Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attrakt" title="Attrakt">Attrakt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B2M_Entertainment" title="B2M Entertainment">B2M Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPM_Entertainment" title="BPM Entertainment">BPM Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_New_Music" title="Brand New Music">Brand New Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_Entertainment" title="Brave Entertainment">Brave Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C9_Entertainment" title="C9 Entertainment">C9 Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJ_ENM" title="CJ ENM">CJ ENM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amoeba_Culture" title="Amoeba Culture">Amoeba Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOMG" title="AOMG">AOMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H1ghr_Music" title="H1ghr Music">H1ghr Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_One_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Wake One Entertainment">Wake One Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coridel_Entertainment" title="Coridel Entertainment">Coridel Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cube_Entertainment" title="Cube Entertainment">Cube Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_Music" title="DR Music">DR Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantagio" title="Fantagio">Fantagio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNC_Entertainment" title="FNC Entertainment">FNC Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybe_Corporation" title="Hybe Corporation">Hybe Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Hit_Music" title="Big Hit Music">Big Hit Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment" title="Pledis Entertainment">Pledis Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Music" title="Source Music">Source Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagine_Asia" title="Imagine Asia">Imagine Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreamcatcher_Company" title="Dreamcatcher Company">Dreamcatcher Company</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish_Entertainment" title="Jellyfish Entertainment">Jellyfish Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JYP_Entertainment" title="JYP Entertainment">JYP Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakao_Entertainment" title="Kakao Entertainment">Kakao Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IST_Entertainment" title="IST Entertainment">IST Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroo_Entertainment" title="Maroo Entertainment">Maroo Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLD_Entertainment" title="MLD Entertainment">MLD Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNH_Entertainment" title="MNH Entertainment">MNH Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oui_Entertainment" title="Oui Entertainment">Oui Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_Nation" title="P Nation">P Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBW_(company)" title="RBW (company)">RBW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSP_Media" title="DSP Media">DSP Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WM_Entertainment" title="WM Entertainment">WM Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM_Entertainment" title="SM Entertainment">SM Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Label_SJ" title="Label SJ">Label SJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Story" title="Mystic Story">Mystic Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woollim_Entertainment" title="Woollim Entertainment">Woollim Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starship_Entertainment" title="Starship Entertainment">Starship Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Empire_Entertainment" title="Star Empire Entertainment">Star Empire Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOP_Media" title="TOP Media">TOP Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YG_Entertainment" title="YG Entertainment">YG Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Label" title="The Black Label">The Black Label</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuehua_Entertainment" title="Yuehua Entertainment">Yuehua Entertainment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genie_Music" title="Genie Music">Genie Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">iMBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpark" title="Interpark">Interpark Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakao_Entertainment" title="Kakao Entertainment">Kakao Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music%26New" title="Music&New">Music&New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHN_Entertainment_Corporation" title="NHN Entertainment Corporation">NHN Bugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Canyon" title="Pony Canyon">Pony Canyon Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_Contents_Hub" title="SBS Contents Hub">SBS Contents Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_Group" title="SK Group">SK Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreamus" title="Dreamus">Dreamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_Communications" title="SK Communications">SK Communications</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony Music Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soribada" title="Soribada">Soribada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Music_Entertainment" title="Stone Music Entertainment">Stone Music Entertainment</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal Music Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YG_Plus" title="YG Plus">YG Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Music_award_shows" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music award shows</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APAN_Music_Awards" title="APAN Music Awards">APAN Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Artist_Awards" title="Asia Artist Awards">Asia Artist Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Song_Festival" title="Asia Song Festival">Asia Song Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart_Music_Awards" title="Circle Chart Music Awards">Circle Chart Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genie_Music_Awards" title="Genie Music Awards">Genie Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Disc_Awards" title="Golden Disc Awards">Golden Disc Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBS_Song_Festival" title="KBS Song Festival">KBS Gayo Daechukje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Music_Awards" title="Korean Music Awards">Korean Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Popular_Culture_and_Arts_Awards" title="Korean Popular Culture and Arts Awards">Korean Popular Culture and Arts Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAMA_Awards" title="MAMA Awards">MAMA Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Gayo_Daejejeon" title="MBC Gayo Daejejeon">MBC Gayo Daejejeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnet_20%27s_Choice_Awards" title="Mnet 20's Choice Awards">Mnet 20's Choice Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_Gayo_Daejeon" title="SBS Gayo Daejeon">SBS Gayo Daejeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Music_Awards" title="Seoul Music Awards">Seoul Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soribada_Best_K-Music_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Soribada Best K-Music Awards">Soribada Best K-Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fact_Music_Awards" title="The Fact Music Awards">The Fact Music Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyworld_Digital_Music_Awards" title="Cyworld Digital Music Awards">Cyworld Digital Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melon_Music_Awards" title="Melon Music Awards">Melon Music Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Japan" title="Template:Music of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Music of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Music of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>"<a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a>" (National anthem)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">Traditional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Japanese musical instruments">Instruments</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Genres_and_styles" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres and styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugaku" title="Bugaku">Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushi_(music)" title="Bushi (music)">Bushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainichido_Bugaku" title="Dainichido Bugaku">Dainichido Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danmono" title="Danmono">Danmono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigaku" title="Gigaku">Gigaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Druri_(music)" title="Jōruri (music)">Jōruri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouta_(music)" title="Kouta (music)">Kouta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%27y%C5%8D" title="Min'yō">Min'yō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagauta" title="Nagauta">Nagauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Rōkyoku">Rōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saimon_Ondo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saimon Ondo (page does not exist)">Saimon Ondo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E6%96%87%E9%9F%B3%E9%A0%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:祭文音頭">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lullaby#Asia-Pacific" title="Lullaby">Komori-uta (lullaby)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warabe_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warabe Uta (page does not exist)">Warabe Uta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:童歌">ja</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazoe_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazoe Uta (page does not exist)">Kazoe Uta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E3%81%88%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:数え歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekaki_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekaki Uta (page does not exist)">Ekaki Uta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B5%E6%8F%8F%E3%81%8D%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:絵描き歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temari_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temari Uta (page does not exist)">Temari Uta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%9E%A0%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:手鞠歌">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><span style="font-size:85%;">(1868–present)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_commercial_song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese commercial song (page does not exist)">Commercial song</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0#日本における歴史" class="extiw" title="ja:コマーシャルソング">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gakus%C4%93ka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gakusēka (page does not exist)">Gakusēka (student song)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:学生歌">ja</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_school_song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese school song (page does not exist)">Kōka (school song)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:校歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ry%C5%8Dka_(song)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryōka (song) (page does not exist)">Ryōka (dormitory song)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%AE%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:寮歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daigaku-%C5%8Denka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daigaku-ōenka (page does not exist)">Daigaku-Ōenka (cheering song of university)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%9C%E6%8F%B4%E6%AD%8C#大学" class="extiw" title="ja:応援歌">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enka" title="Enka">Enzetsuka/Enka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunka" title="Gunka">Gunka (military song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_jazz" title="Japanese jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senji-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senji-kayō (page does not exist)">Senji-kayō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E6%99%82%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:戦時歌謡">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunkoku-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunkoku-kayō (page does not exist)">Gunkoku-kayō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:軍国歌謡">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_calisthenics" title="Radio calisthenics">Radio calisthenics song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shich%C5%8Dsonka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shichōsonka (page does not exist)">Shichōsonka (municipality song)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:市町村歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8Dka_(subject)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shōka (subject) (page does not exist)">Shōka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E6%AD%8C_(%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91)" class="extiw" title="ja:唱歌 (教科)">ja</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansh%C5%AB-Sh%C5%8Dka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manshū-Shōka (page does not exist)">Manshū-Shōka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%94%B1%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:満州唱歌">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shin-min%27y%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shin-min'yō (page does not exist)">Shin-min'yō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B0%91%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:新民謡">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-War<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1945–present)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kayōkyoku <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mood-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mood-kayō (page does not exist)">Mood-kayō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:ムード歌謡">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idol-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idol-kayō (page does not exist)">Idol-kayō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:アイドル歌謡">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Sounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Sounds">Group Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_song" title="Image song">Image song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">J-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_song" title="Anime song">Anime song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_song" title="Denpa song">Denpa song</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_disco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese disco (page does not exist)">Disco</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3#日本のディスコ" class="extiw" title="ja:ディスコ">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurobeat" title="Eurobeat">Eurobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_disco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese disco (page does not exist)">Disco</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3#日本のディスコ" class="extiw" title="ja:ディスコ">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hardcore" title="Japanese hardcore">Hardcore punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip_hop" title="Japanese hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_metal" title="Japanese metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanoise" title="Japanoise">Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nu-music_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nu-music (Japan) (page does not exist)">Nu-music</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:ニューミュージック">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_song#Japan" title="Fight song">Ōenka (cheering song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_reggae" title="Japanese reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_ska" title="Japanese ska">Ska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Disco" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo Disco">Italo Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo House">Italo House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_techno" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardcore techno">Juliana’s techno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitpop" title="Bitpop">Bitpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)#Japanese_grime" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music genre)">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Being_craze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Being craze (page does not exist)">Being-kei</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:ビーイングブーム">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-core" title="J-core">J-core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlabels_in_Japan" title="Netlabels in Japan">Japanese net label scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii_metal" title="Kawaii metal">Kawaii metal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komuro_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komuro family (page does not exist)">Komuro-kei</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AE%A4%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:小室ファミリー">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyokei" title="Onkyokei">Onkyokei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akishibu-kei" title="Akishibu-kei">Akishibu-kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utaite" title="Utaite">Utaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroguro#In_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Eroguro">Eroguro kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_kei" title="Nagoya kei">Nagoya kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocaloid#Music" title="Vocaloid">Vocaloid music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Ainu music">Ainu music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rekuhkara" title="Rekuhkara">Rekuhkara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_music" title="Ryukyuan music">Southern Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Singles_Chart" title="Oricon Singles Chart">Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Combined_Singles_Chart" title="Oricon Combined Singles Chart">Combined Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Albums_Chart" title="Oricon Albums Chart">Albums Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Combined_Albums_Chart" title="Oricon Combined Albums Chart">Combined Albums Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Karaoke_Chart" title="Oricon Karaoke Chart">Karaoke Chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan" title="Billboard Japan">Billboard Japan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan_Hot_100" title="Billboard Japan Hot 100">Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan_Hot_Albums" title="Billboard Japan Hot Albums">Hot Albums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RIAJ_Digital_Track_Chart" title="RIAJ Digital Track Chart">RIAJ Digital Track Chart</a> <small>(discontinued)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">List of best-selling music artists in Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Western_artists_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of best-selling Western artists in Japan">List of best-selling Western artists in Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling albums in Japan">List of best-selling albums in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling singles in Japan">List of best-selling singles in Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_record_labels" title="Category:Japanese record labels">Record companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Big 10" <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>(as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Music_Group&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avex_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Avex Group">Avex Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music Entertainment Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Japan" title="Universal Music Japan">Universal Music Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Records_(Japan)" title="King Records (Japan)">King Record Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_Storm" title="J Storm">J Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVCKenwood_Victor_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="JVCKenwood Victor Entertainment">Victor Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Being_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Being Inc.">Being Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Canyon" title="Pony Canyon">Pony Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teichiku_Records" title="Teichiku Records">Teichiku Entertainment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_record_labels" title="Category:Japanese record labels">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_independent_record_labels" title="Category:Japanese independent record labels">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_artists_from_Japan" title="List of musical artists from Japan">List of musical artists from Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_musical_groups" title="List of Japanese musical groups">List of Japanese musical groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_J-pop_artists" title="List of J-pop artists">List of J-pop artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_composers" title="List of Japanese composers">List of Japanese composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_hip_hop_musicians" title="List of Japanese hip hop musicians">List of Japanese hip hop musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_singers" title="List of Japanese singers">List of Japanese singers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Japanese_music" title="Timeline of Japanese music">Timeline and years</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_Japanese_music" title="1979 in Japanese music">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Japanese_music" title="1980 in Japanese music">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_Japanese_music" title="1981 in Japanese music">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_Japanese_music" title="1982 in Japanese music">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Japanese_music" title="1983 in Japanese music">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_Japanese_music" title="1984 in Japanese music">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Japanese_music" title="2007 in Japanese music">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Japanese_music" title="2008 in Japanese music">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Japanese_music" title="2009 in Japanese music">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Japanese_music" title="2010 in Japanese music">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Japanese_music" title="2011 in Japanese music">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Japanese_music" title="2012 in Japanese music">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Japanese_music" title="2013 in Japanese music">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Japanese_music" title="2014 in Japanese music">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Japanese_music" title="2015 in Japanese music">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Japanese_music" title="2016 in Japanese music">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Japanese_music" title="2017 in Japanese music">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Japanese_music" title="2018 in Japanese music">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Japanese_music" title="2019 in Japanese music">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Japanese_music" title="2020 in Japanese music">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Japanese_music" title="2021 in Japanese music">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Japanese_music" title="2022 in Japanese music">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Japanese_music" title="2023 in Japanese music">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Online distributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Music" title="Google Play Music">Google Play Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Amazon Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKBox" title="KKBox">KKBox</a> (the successor of <a href="/wiki/LISMO" title="LISMO">LISMO</a> Unlimited)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RecoChoku" class="mw-redirect" title="RecoChoku">RecoChoku</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:レコチョク">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music.jp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music.jp (page does not exist)">Music.jp</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/music.jp" class="extiw" title="ja:music.jp">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mora_(music_store)" title="Mora (music store)">Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwango_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwango (company)">Dwango.jp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">E-Onkyo music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon Music Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Music" title="Line Music">Line Music</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamaha_Music_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamaha Music Media (page does not exist)">MySound</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8F%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" class="extiw" title="ja:ヤマハミュージックメディア">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OTOTOY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OTOTOY (page does not exist)">OTOTOY</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ototoy" class="extiw" title="ja:Ototoy">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AWA_(streaming_service)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AWA (streaming service) (page does not exist)">AWA</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWA_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD%E9%85%8D%E4%BF%A1)" class="extiw" title="ja:AWA (音楽配信)">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_Music_Award_Shows" title="Template:Japanese Music Award Shows">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_music" title="Shinto music">Shinto music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min-On_Concert_Association" title="Min-On Concert Association">Min-On Concert Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_AEX_companies_of_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AEX_companies" title="Template:AEX companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AEX_companies" title="Template talk:AEX companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AEX_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AEX companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_AEX_companies_of_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX</a> companies of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABN_AMRO" title="ABN AMRO">ABN AMRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyen" title="Adyen">Adyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegon_N.V." class="mw-redirect" title="Aegon N.V.">Aegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahold_Delhaize" title="Ahold Delhaize">Ahold Delhaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AkzoNobel" title="AkzoNobel">AkzoNobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal" title="ArcelorMittal">ArcelorMittal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASM_International" title="ASM International">ASM International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASR_Nederland" title="ASR Nederland">ASR Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BE_Semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="BE Semiconductor">BE Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DSM_Firmenich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSM Firmenich (page does not exist)">DSM Firmenich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exor_(company)" title="Exor (company)">EXOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heineken_N.V." title="Heineken N.V.">Heineken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IMCD_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IMCD (company) (page does not exist)">IMCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPN" title="KPN">KPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NN_Group" title="NN Group">NN Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosus" title="Prosus">Prosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randstad_Holding" class="mw-redirect" title="Randstad Holding">Randstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolters_Kluwer" title="Wolters Kluwer">Wolters Kluwer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38903#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38903#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38903#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000101701990">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/264546569">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4726742-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2007079003">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb142752902">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb142752902">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007315560205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Universal Music Group"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/19d052fa-570a-4b17-9a3d-8f2f029b7b57">MusicBrainz label</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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