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<li id="toc-1960s_and_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s_and_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1960s and 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s_and_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s_and_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s_and_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1980s and 1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s_and_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luxembourg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luxembourg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Luxembourg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luxembourg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monaco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monaco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Monaco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monaco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qatar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qatar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Qatar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qatar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Tunisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loyalty_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loyalty_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Loyalty programme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loyalty_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Product_range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Product_range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Product range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Product_range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Head_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Head office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83" title="فناك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فناك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNAC" title="FNAC – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="FNAC" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="فناک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فناک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%82%99" title="프낙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프낙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%8A%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="フナック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フナック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Fnac" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q676585#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French retail chain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Fnac</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fnac_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fnac_Logo.svg/250px-Fnac_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fnac_Logo.svg/330px-Fnac_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fnac_Logo.svg/440px-Fnac_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="515" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Essel" title="André Essel">André Essel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Th%C3%A9ret" title="Max Théret">Max Théret</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fnac_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fnac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Ivry-sur-Seine" title="Ivry-sur-Seine">Ivry-sur-Seine</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of locations</div></th><td class="infobox-data">184 (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Company shops: <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>; Franchised: <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fnac_Darty_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fnac_Darty-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Enrique Martinez (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li><sup id="cite_ref-FNAC_Key_Figures_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNAC_Key_Figures-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">Audio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CDs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">Electronics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Game" title="Game">Games</a><sup id="cite_ref-Qui_est_la_Fnac_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qui_est_la_Fnac-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a><sup id="cite_ref-Qui_est_la_Fnac_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qui_est_la_Fnac-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>Ticket sales</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">€7,3 <a href="/wiki/Billion" title="Billion">billion</a> (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">€188 million (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-FNAC_Key_Figures_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNAC_Key_Figures-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14,364<sup id="cite_ref-FNAC_Key_Figures_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNAC_Key_Figures-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fnac_Darty" title="Fnac Darty">Fnac Darty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Contact Magazine</li><li>Fnac.com</li><li>Fnac Éveil & Jeux</li><li>Surcouf</li><li>Fnac Voyages</li><li>Le Pôle Spectacles<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fnac.com">fnac<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fnac</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fnak]</a></span>) is a French multinational retail chain specializing in the sale of <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> <a href="/wiki/Media_(communication)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media (communication)">media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a>. </p><p>Fnac was founded by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Essel" title="André Essel">André Essel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Max_Th%C3%A9ret" title="Max Théret">Max Théret</a> in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Fnac_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fnac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its headquarters is located in <i>Le Flavia</i> in <a href="/wiki/Ivry-sur-Seine" title="Ivry-sur-Seine">Ivry-sur-Seine</a> near Paris. Its name is an abbreviation of <i><b>Fédération Nationale d’Achats des Cadres</b></i> ("National Purchasing Federation for Cadres"). It merged with Darty in 2016 to become <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Fnac_Darty" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe Fnac Darty">Groupe Fnac Darty</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Max_Th%C3%A9ret" title="Max Théret">Max Théret</a> had a passion for photography which began in 1932. Hunted by the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>, Théret left the <a href="/wiki/Zone_occup%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Zone occupée">Occupied Zone</a> in 1942, moving to <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, where he took up photography as a career. After the war, he trained as a photo laboratory technician, founded his own laboratory, and later constructed the first colour-processing machine in France. In 1951, while working for the <a href="/wiki/Postes,_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9graphes_et_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phones_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postes, télégraphes et téléphones (France)">telephone company</a>, he founded Economie Nouvelle, a membership discount buying group for products sold through participating merchants. </p><p>In 1952, Théret and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Essel" title="André Essel">André Essel</a> conceived a new magazine-based buyers club.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded 1954, Fnac was a members-only discount buyers' club,<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_Fnac_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_is_Fnac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offering sharp discounts on commercial and consumer products, based on the founders' socialist principles.<sup id="cite_ref-fundinguniverse.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundinguniverse.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their aim was to improve the lives of the workers, not through higher salaries but through lower prices. </p><p>The first shop was opened in a <a href="/wiki/Sublet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublet">sublet</a>, a second-floor apartment on the rue de Sebastopol in Paris on July 31, 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Qui_est_la_Fnac_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qui_est_la_Fnac-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The brand positioning of the company continued with the training of sales assistants in their product categories, with purchases being guaranteed for one year. Furthermore, all products were tested in the company's independent test centre before sale. The test centre would check for technical quality, ease of use, price, and value for money ("rapport qualité-prix"), and all results were published in the company's free members' magazine <i>Contact</i>, which today can also be found advertised in store. In addition, staff were expected to do more than just sell their products but offer advice to customers and, beginning in 1957, blacklist any unsatisfactory products, such as those with technical difficulties. By the end of its first full year of operation the company saw revenues of 50 million old francs. In 1957, it was selling televisions, hi-fis, recording equipment, radios and records.<sup id="cite_ref-fundinguniverse.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundinguniverse.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s_and_1970s">1960s and 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1960s and 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1966, the Fnac store was opened to non-members and began to expand, opening its second store, also in Paris on the avenue de Wagram, near the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a> in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_Fnac_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_is_Fnac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, the company had 580 employees. </p><p>The 1970s saw further expansion for Fnac, as the company began opening shops in the French provinces outside Paris and a third in the city itself that sold books, the newest addition to the product range. The founders of the company sold 40 percent of the company to insurance firm <a href="/wiki/Union_des_Assurances_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Union des Assurances de Paris">Union des Assurances de Paris</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Axa" title="Axa">Axa</a>) to raise money to fund growth. In turn, the insurance firm sold 16 percent of its shares to investment bank Banque de Paris et des Pays Bas (later <a href="/wiki/Banque_Paribas" class="mw-redirect" title="Banque Paribas">Banque Paribas</a>) in 1972. </p><p>In 1974, the company began selling books at 80% of the <a href="/wiki/Recommended_retail_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Recommended retail price">recommended retail price</a>, sparking protests from publishers, writers and independent booksellers alike, who could not benefit from the <a href="/wiki/Economies_of_scale" title="Economies of scale">economies of scale</a>. This prompted government action in 1982 with the so-called 'anti-Fnac' law, that was signed to limit discounts on books to a maximum of five percent.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, videos were added to the product range.<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_Fnac_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_is_Fnac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the late 1970s, Fnac continued to expand by building 12 stores in Paris and other cities throughout France. In 1977, the remaining shares of the company's founders were sold to the Société Génerale des Cooperatives de Consommation (SGCC, the financial arm of the Coop retailing group) to raise more capital. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s_and_1990s">1980s and 1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1980s and 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FNAC became a <a href="/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">Public limited company</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Paris_stock_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris stock exchange">Paris stock exchange</a> in 1980 when 25 percent of the company was offered to the public. SGCC, however, maintained a 51 percent control of the company, which now employed more than 2,700 and was declaring turnover of FFr 2.2 billion. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fnac_Ternes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fnac_Ternes.jpg/250px-Fnac_Ternes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fnac_Ternes.jpg/330px-Fnac_Ternes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fnac_Ternes.jpg/500px-Fnac_Ternes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>26-30 <a href="/wiki/Avenue_des_Ternes" title="Avenue des Ternes">Avenue des Ternes</a>, <a href="/wiki/17th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="17th arrondissement of Paris">17th arrondissement of Paris</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <p>Théret left the company in 1981. </p><p>In 1981, FNAC opened a store in Brussels, Belgium under the management of Sodal, a joint-venture between FNAC (40 percent) and the GIB Group (60 percent). The GIB Group later added three more stores in the mid-1980s, in <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>. </p><p>In 1983, Essel retired and was replaced by the then SGCC president Roger Kerinec. </p><p>In 1985, SGCC sold its shares to the insurance group Garantie Mutuelle des Fonctionnaires (GMF) due to growing competition from the French <a href="/wiki/Hypermarket" title="Hypermarket">hypermarket</a> and discount chains such as <a href="/wiki/Carrefour" title="Carrefour">Carrefour</a> and <a href="/wiki/E.Leclerc" title="E.Leclerc">E.Leclerc</a>. Michel Barouin, GMF's president and director general, took these positions at FNAC as well. In 1987, Barouin disappeared in an airplane accident and Jean-Louis Petriat was named to lead both GMF and FNAC. </p><p>In 1988, the first <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastore" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Megastore">Virgin Megastore</a> opened in Paris. Petriat announced a FFr 1.5 billion plan to add 15 new stores to the 31-store chain and double the company's gross revenues, in order to compete with the new entrant to the French market. Petriat also had plans to expand into the German market. By this point, sales of compact discs and other recordings had joined books as the company's most important sources of revenue. </p><p>During the late 1980s, Petriat added a music distribution division following the purchase of Wotre Music Distribution (WMD). In January 1991, Fnac Music was formed. Petriat hoped to build the first French multinational record company, with plans to capture as much as five percent of the market. </p><p>The 1990s brought fierce competition after the arrival of <a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a> in 1988 as well as the strength of hypermarkets. The company responded by cutting its prices and stepping up the competition, which forced HMV to leave France after only six months. Virgin Megastores remained in the French market, and decided to open two more stores in addition to its original store in Paris. In response to the megastore, as seen to the right, Fnac spent around $23 million to build its own megastore, at 32,000 square metres, more than twice the size of the Virgin megastore, which became known as "the Cathedral". </p><p>In 1991, the first Fnac store was opened in Berlin continuing with Petriat's plans, this was close to the original Virgin megastore, which opened there only a few months earlier. </p><p>In 1992, the fate of FNAC Librairie Internationale, featuring books in languages other than French, was sealed and closed after only a year of trading.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This store was converted to a computer products-only concept, called FNAC Micro, which proved more successful. </p><p>In 1993, the first Fnac store was opened in Madrid, Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_Fnac_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_is_Fnac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the FNAC Music subsidiary, while posting some successes, failed to live up to the company's expectations and was unable to gain more than a two percent market share and was eventually sold off the distribution arm WMD, which shut down FNAC Music in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite some failures, the company revealed growing revenues though shrinking profits in the early 1990s, also attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recession</a> in the French economy. In 1991 the company recorded gross sales of FFr 7.4 billion, while profits fell approximately FFr 55 million, to FFr 159.5 million. The following year, despite a rise in revenues to FFr 8.9 billion, the company's net income dropped to FFr 31.9 million. </p><p>The falling profits for Fnac was a similar situation to the parent company, GMF whose share count totalled more than 80 percent. To raise more capital, GMF agreed to sell its shares of FNAC in July 1993 to Altus Finances, a subsidiary of government-owned <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Lyonnais" title="Crédit Lyonnais">Crédit Lyonnais</a>, and Phenix, a property group owned by French waterworks company <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_Eaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie Générale des Eaux">Compagnie Générale des Eaux</a>, for FFr 2.4 billion. The deal came under scrutiny by the <a href="/wiki/Commission_des_op%C3%A9rations_de_bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission des opérations de bourse">Commission des opérations de bourse</a> (COB) though was allowed to proceed in September 1993. Crédit Lyonnais became the majority shareholder, with 64 percent of shares, while Générale des Eaux held 34 percent. The remaining two percent of shares continued to be publicly owned. </p><p>In 1994, Crédit Lyonnais announced it was going to sell its 64 percent share of the company as part of a FFr 20 billion asset-reduction plan. In July 1994, the Altus Finances subsidiary agreed to sell the majority stake in FNAC for FFr 1.9 billion to François Pinault, the largest shareholder in and architect of Pinault-Printemps-Redoute.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1994, <a href="/wiki/PPR_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="PPR (company)">PPR</a> or Pinault-Printemps-Redoute has been the majority shareholder of Fnac and the company was led by François-Henri Pinault, son of the parent company's head François Pinault. The new ownership saw the closure of the WMD and FNAC Music subsidiaries and instead concentrated on further expansion of its retail chain. In 1995, the company added its 45th French store, while a second Spanish store, in Barcelona was opened in 1996. In 1995, the Fnac store was closed in Berlin and the company instead continued its international expansion in Belgium, which were now becoming profitable. </p><p>In October 1996, the new parent company assumed full control of the Belgian affiliate and announced plans to double the number of stores in Belgium that began with the opening of a fifth store in 1997. In March 1996, François-Henri, was named chairman of Fnac and opened two stores in France. At this point, Fnac had revenues passing FFr 10 billion and net earnings of FFr 200 million.<sup id="cite_ref-fundinguniverse.com_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundinguniverse.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, the first Fnac store outside Europe was opened in São Paulo, Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_Fnac_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_is_Fnac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, Kering (formerly PPR) spun off Fnac as an independent company.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2016, FNAC Darty formed. </p><p>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Fnac_Darty" title="Fnac Darty">Fnac Darty</a> launched into online advertising with the sale of its own web spaces to advertisers. In particular, the group set up a specialised department in January, headed by Arnauld de Saint Pastou.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2017, Fnac launched its own bank card, called Fnac Mastercard, in partnership with Crédit Agricole and Consumer Finance.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2017, Enrique Martinez and Jacques Veyrat became the new bosses of Fnac and replaced Alexandre Bompard, who left for Carrefour. Veyrat, chairman of the investment company Impala, became chairman of the board of directors, while Martinez, who previously headed the Northern Europe region at Fnac Darty, was appointed CEO of the company.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2018, the French Property and Casualty Insurance Company (Sfam) became the second largest shareholder in the Fnac Darty group.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2018, the UFC-Que choisir announces filing a complaint for "deceptive marketing practices".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2019, the company was fined 10 million euros for "deceptive marketing practices". Customers buying a phone in a FNAC store are indeed offered a refund offer of 30 euros, which leads them to leave their bank details to enjoy, signing unknowingly an insurance contract mixed documents. It then commits them for one year to pay 15.99 euros per month, monthly payments then rising to 37.99 euros, customers often not aware of the situation that several months later.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2020, following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Fnac was the first large French company to tap a government-guaranteed loan (500 million euro).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, FNAC opens its first café at Gare du Nord.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of October 2018, the company owns stores in France, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland, and franchises in Luxembourg, Morocco, Qatar, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Senegal and the Republic of Congo.<sup id="cite_ref-Fnac_Darty_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fnac_Darty-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fnac_Darty-2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fnac_Darty-2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fnac operates thirteen stores in Belgium, located in Aalst, Antwerp (two stores, including one in the outskirts of Wijnegem), Bruges, Brussels (three stores), Charleroi, Ghent, <a href="/wiki/Hasselt" title="Hasselt">Hasselt</a>, Leuven, Louvain-La-Neuve and Liège.<sup id="cite_ref-Fnac_Darty-2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fnac_Darty-2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fnac_Locations_Belgium-2023_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fnac_Locations_Belgium-2023-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-groupe-fnac.com_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groupe-fnac.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the height of its popularity in Brazil, there were twelve Fnac stores.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2017, all Fnac operations in Brazil were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Livraria_Cultura" title="Livraria Cultura">Livraria Cultura</a>. In October 2018, all shops were closed and online operations ceased.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fnac operated several stores in Italy since 2000 in cities like Bologna, Milan, and Rome. In 2014, they all closed and their ownership was transferred to Orlando Italy fund. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Luxembourg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fnac operates as a franchise within the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, its webstore operates through the Belgian platform.<sup id="cite_ref-Fnac_Darty-2_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fnac_Darty-2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fnac_Locations_Belgium-2023_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fnac_Locations_Belgium-2023-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monaco">Monaco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Monaco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fnac operates a single store in Monaco, in the Métropole shopping centre. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fnac_Sta_Catarina_(Porto).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fnac_Sta_Catarina_%28Porto%29.jpg/130px-Fnac_Sta_Catarina_%28Porto%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fnac_Sta_Catarina_%28Porto%29.jpg/195px-Fnac_Sta_Catarina_%28Porto%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fnac_Sta_Catarina_%28Porto%29.jpg/260px-Fnac_Sta_Catarina_%28Porto%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1797" /></a><figcaption>Fnac in <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> (Portugal)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morocco">Morocco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, Fnac opened its first store in Africa, located in <a href="/wiki/Morocco_Mall" title="Morocco Mall">Morocco Mall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, Morocco. In 2017, Fnac opened their second store in Morocco, located in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Batouta_Mall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Batouta Mall (page does not exist)">Ibn Batouta Mall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>. In 2018, they opened Fnac Anfa located in the city centre of Casablanca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 41 Fnac stores in Portugal, including: <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Centre" title="Colombo Centre">Colombo</a> (Lisbon), NorteShopping (<a href="/wiki/Matosinhos" title="Matosinhos">Matosinhos</a>), Armazéns do Chiado (Lisbon), CascaiShopping (<a href="/wiki/Cascais" title="Cascais">Cascais</a>), Oeiras Parque (<a href="/wiki/Oeiras,_Portugal" title="Oeiras, Portugal">Oeiras</a>), Almada Fórum (<a href="/wiki/Almada" title="Almada">Almada</a>), GaiaShopping (<a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_Gaia" title="Vila Nova de Gaia">Gaia</a>), AlgarveShopping (<a href="/wiki/Albufeira" title="Albufeira">Albufeira</a>), Intermarche Lagos (<a href="/wiki/Lagos,_Portugal" title="Lagos, Portugal">Lagos</a>), Forum Coimbra (<a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>), MadeiraShopping (<a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>), Braga Parque (<a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>), Alegro Alfragide (<a href="/wiki/Alfragide" title="Alfragide">Alfragide</a>), Palácio do Gelo (<a href="/wiki/Viseu" title="Viseu">Viseu</a>), MarShopping-IKEA (<a href="/wiki/Matosinhos" title="Matosinhos">Matosinhos</a>), Vasco da Gama (Lisbon), GuimarãeShopping (<a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a>), LeiriaShopping (<a href="/wiki/Leiria" title="Leiria">Leiria</a>), Lisbon Airport (Lisbon), Alegro Setúbal (<a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal" title="Setúbal">Setúbal</a>), Fórum Montijo (<a href="/wiki/Montijo,_Portugal" title="Montijo, Portugal">Montijo</a>), Évora Plaza (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora" title="Évora">Évora</a>), UBBO (<a href="/wiki/Amadora" title="Amadora">Amadora</a>), Amoreiras Shopping (Lisbon), Fórum Algarve (<a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Faro</a>), Faro Airport (Faro), MarShopping Algarve (<a href="/wiki/Loul%C3%A9" title="Loulé">Loulé</a>)), Avenida de Roma (Lisbon), Instituto Superior Técnico (Lisbon), Intermarche Malveira (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malveira (page does not exist)">Malveira</a>), Arena Shopping (<a href="/wiki/Torres_Vedras" title="Torres Vedras">Torres Vedras</a>), Torreshopping (<a href="/wiki/Torres_Novas" title="Torres Novas">Torres Novas</a>)), Alegro Castelo Branco (<a href="/wiki/Castelo_Branco,_Portugal" title="Castelo Branco, Portugal">Castelo Branco</a>), Fórum Aveiro (<a href="/wiki/Aveiro,_Portugal" title="Aveiro, Portugal">Aveiro</a>), Alameda Shop & Spot (<a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>), Porto Airport (<a href="/wiki/Matosinhos" title="Matosinhos">Matosinhos</a>), Penafiel Retail Park (<a href="/wiki/Penafiel" title="Penafiel">Penafiel</a>), Nosso Shopping (<a href="/wiki/Vila_Real" title="Vila Real">Vila Real</a>) and Estação Viana Shopping (<a href="/wiki/Viana_do_Castelo" title="Viana do Castelo">Viana do Castelo</a>). There's also 2 Fnac stores with distinct concepts in Lisbon, one smaller Fnac (Fnac Connect) in Atrium Saldanha and a Nature & Decouvertes store in Amoreiras Shopping. Fnac is also building two new stores in (<a href="/wiki/Covilh%C3%A3" title="Covilhã">Covilhã</a>) and (<a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>), (<a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>), the first in the region. The company is also planning to open new Connect stores around the country. Also a website (fnac.pt), which was the most popular commercial website in Portugal in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qatar">Qatar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Qatar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two FNAC stores in the capital Doha: one in Laguna Mall, the other one in Doha Festival City. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fnac_Callao_(Madrid)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fnac_Callao_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg/130px-Fnac_Callao_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fnac_Callao_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg/195px-Fnac_Callao_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fnac_Callao_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg/260px-Fnac_Callao_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2190" data-file-height="2979" /></a><figcaption>Fnac in <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Callao" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza de Callao">Plaza de Callao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain (formerly a <a href="/wiki/Galer%C3%ADas_Preciados" title="Galerías Preciados">Galerías Preciados</a> department store until 1993)</figcaption></figure> <p>There are 26 Fnac stores in Spain, including: Plaza Callao (Madrid), L'illa (<a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>), San Agustín (<a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia, Spain">Valencia</a>), Triangle (Barcelona), Coso (<a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>), Bulevar (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>), Parque Principado (<a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>), Diagonal Mar (Barcelona), La Cañada (<a href="/wiki/Marbella" title="Marbella">Marbella</a>, Málaga), Plaza (Marbella, Málaga), Plaza Norte (<a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_los_Reyes,_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid">San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid</a>), ParqueSur (<a href="/wiki/Legan%C3%A9s" title="Leganés">Leganés</a>, Madrid), Donostia (<a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Condomina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nueva Condomina">Nueva Condomina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>), Bilbao (<a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>), Praza de Lugo (<a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">Corunna</a>), Centro Comercial Larios Centro (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>), Plaza Imperial (<a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>), Centro Comercial Rio Shopping (<a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>) La Gavia (Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana (Madrid) and Centro Comercial La Morea (<a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>). The headquarters is located in <a href="/wiki/Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n,_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid">Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2018, there are six Fnac stores in Switzerland, two in Geneva, one in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, one in <a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, one in <a href="/wiki/Conthey" title="Conthey">Conthey</a> and one in <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tunisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fnac operates two stores in Tunisia. The first one opened in 2018 in <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, and the second in 2019 in <a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loyalty_programme">Loyalty programme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Loyalty programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fnac operates a <a href="/wiki/Loyalty_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyalty programme">loyalty programme</a> offering points that are awarded each time the card is presented at the till-point, for each euro spent. A membership fee applies. For every 4,000 points earned, a gift card worth €10 is issued to the card holder. As of 2008, the programme has 1.8 million members, with the loyalty card also serving as a credit card. As of 2008, there are two versions of the card, a one-year membership card or alternatively a three-year membership card. The membership card offers a 5% discount on hardware, books and various monthly offers.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Product_range">Product range</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Product range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fnac stores stock a range of products from audio, books, CDs, computer software and hardware, DVDs, televisions and video games.<sup id="cite_ref-Qui_est_la_Fnac_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qui_est_la_Fnac-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some stores also operate services of photography and ticket sales. The company also offers a selection of more expensive consumer products positioning themselves above discount retailers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Head_office">Head office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Head office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quai_Marcel_Boyer,_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Quai_Marcel_Boyer%2C_16.jpg/250px-Quai_Marcel_Boyer%2C_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Quai_Marcel_Boyer%2C_16.jpg/330px-Quai_Marcel_Boyer%2C_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/Quai_Marcel_Boyer%2C_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Fnac head office, 16 quai Marcel Boyer, Ivry-sur-Seine</figcaption></figure> <p>Fnac's head office is in <i>Le Flavia</i> in <a href="/wiki/Ivry-sur-Seine" title="Ivry-sur-Seine">Ivry-sur-Seine</a>, France.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 6 story building was designed by Jean-Claude Besseau and has 16,400 square metres (177,000 sq ft) of space.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building is a part of the Ivry Port project.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previously the company head office was located in <a href="/wiki/Clichy,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine">Clichy-la-Garenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>. Around 2006 there were rumors stating that Fnac would move to <a href="/wiki/Wissous" title="Wissous">Wissous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008 the head office moved to Ivry-sur-Seine. The subsidiary Fnac.com moved from <a href="/wiki/Aubervilliers" title="Aubervilliers">Aubervilliers</a> to Ivry during the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fnac holds "forums" throughout the year, which are opportunities for customers to have dialogue with people such as <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a>, discussions with authors including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Auster" title="Paul Auster">Paul Auster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Giroud" title="Françoise Giroud">Françoise Giroud</a> in addition to concerts. Musicians playing in these concerts have included <a href="/wiki/Yann_Tiersen" title="Yann Tiersen">Yann Tiersen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Harper" title="Ben Harper">Ben Harper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keane_(band)" title="Keane (band)">Keane</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>. </p><p>Each year a "book fair" is held with discussions among writers, politicians and the public. Topics related to literature, culture, society and the sciences are discussed. Since 2001 the company has also annually presented an award, Le <a href="/wiki/Prix_du_roman_Fnac" title="Prix du roman Fnac">prix du roman Fnac</a>, whose winners are chosen by a panel of booksellers and members. <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Mainard" title="Dominique Mainard">Dominique Mainard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Charras" title="Pierre Charras">Pierre Charras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_P%C3%A9ju" title="Pierre Péju">Pierre Péju</a> are among those who have won. These events are shown on the company website fnaclive.com (in French). </p><p>The company claims to be committed to defending the diversity of music. In February 2002, Fnac published with UPFI (Union des Producteurs Phonographiques Français Indépendants) "Manifeste pour la diversité musicale", as a prelude to a policy of favorable treatment for independent labels and their artists. Fnac publishes "Indétendances," a compilation of ten artists bimonthly published by independent labels, which it set aside part of its listening kiosks in stores to promote their work.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1995 Spanish horror-comedy "El Día de la Bestia" (Eng. <a href="/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Beast" title="The Day of the Beast">The Day of the Beast</a>), the main character Ángel is caught trying to steal a book from the Fnac store in <a href="/wiki/Callao_Square" title="Callao Square">Callao Square</a> in Madrid. </p><p>The story of the 2005 Spanish thriller <i>Mar rojo</i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Maribel_Verd%C3%BA" title="Maribel Verdú">Maribel Verdú</a>, begins with an armed robbery at a Fnac store in Barcelona. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fnac-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fnac_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fnac_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/FNAC-Company-History.html">"Fnac"</a>. FundingUniverse.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fnac&rft.pub=FundingUniverse.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2FFNAC-Company-History.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721220706/http://www.groupe-fnac.com/index.php/fnac-en-bref/">"La Fnac en bref | Site Institutionnel du goupe Fnac"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groupe-fnac.com/index.php/fnac-en-bref/">the original</a> on 2015-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Fnac+en+bref+%26%23124%3B+Site+Institutionnel+du+goupe+Fnac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groupe-fnac.com%2Findex.php%2Ffnac-en-bref%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fnac_Darty-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fnac_Darty_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fnac_Darty_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fnacdarty.com/nos-activites/fnac-darty-monde/">"Fnac Darty dans le monde - Fnac Darty"</a>. <i>Fnac Darty</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fnac+Darty&rft.atitle=Fnac+Darty+dans+le+monde+-+Fnac+Darty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnacdarty.com%2Fnos-activites%2Ffnac-darty-monde%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FNAC_Key_Figures-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FNAC_Key_Figures_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNAC_Key_Figures_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNAC_Key_Figures_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppr.com/en/brands/fnac#chiffres">"FNAC Key Figures"</a>. Fnac<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FNAC+Key+Figures&rft.pub=Fnac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ppr.com%2Fen%2Fbrands%2Ffnac%23chiffres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qui_est_la_Fnac-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qui_est_la_Fnac_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qui_est_la_Fnac_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qui_est_la_Fnac_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qui_est_la_Fnac_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219172721/http://www.fnac.com/Magazine/entreprise_fnac/qui_est_fnac.asp?NID=0&RNID=0&bl=ong">"Qui est la Fnac ?"</a>. Fnac. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnac.com/Magazine/entreprise_fnac/qui_est_fnac.asp?NID=0&RNID=0&bl=ong">the original</a> on 2008-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qui+est+la+Fnac+%3F&rft.pub=Fnac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnac.com%2FMagazine%2Fentreprise_fnac%2Fqui_est_fnac.asp%3FNID%3D0%26RNID%3D0%26bl%3Dong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219172716/http://www.fnac.com/Magazine/entreprise_fnac/filiales.asp?NID=0&RNID=0&bl=ong">"Les filiales"</a>. Fnac. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.quechoisir.org&rft.atitle=SFAM+%E2%80%93+L%27UFC-Que+Choisir+hausse+le+ton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quechoisir.org%2Factualite-sfam-l-ufc-que-choisir-hausse-le-ton-n58197%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtl.fr/actu/justice-faits-divers/smartphones-tablettes-l-assureur-sfam-lourdement-sanctionne-pour-une-arnaque-7797848185">"Smartphones, tablettes : l'assureur SFAM lourdement sanctionné pour une arnaque"</a>. <i>RTL.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTL.fr&rft.atitle=Smartphones%2C+tablettes+%3A+l%27assureur+SFAM+lourdement+sanctionn%C3%A9+pour+une+arnaque&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtl.fr%2Factu%2Fjustice-faits-divers%2Fsmartphones-tablettes-l-assureur-sfam-lourdement-sanctionne-pour-une-arnaque-7797848185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-fnac-idUSKBN22109B">French retailer FNAC Darty taps state-backed loan</a>, <i>Reuters.com</i>, 19 April 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actualitte.com/article/118105/librairie/le-premier-fnac-cafe-ouvre-ses-portes-a-la-gare-du-nord">"Le premier Fnac Café ouvre ses portes à la Gare du Nord"</a>. July 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+premier+Fnac+Caf%C3%A9+ouvre+ses+portes+%C3%A0+la+Gare+du+Nord&rft.date=2024-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factualitte.com%2Farticle%2F118105%2Flibrairie%2Fle-premier-fnac-cafe-ouvre-ses-portes-a-la-gare-du-nord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fnac_Darty-2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fnac_Darty-2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fnac_Darty-2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fnac_Darty-2_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fnacdarty.com/en/group/fnac-darty-around-the-world/">"Fnac Darty around the world"</a>. <i>Fnac Darty</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fnac+Darty&rft.atitle=Fnac+Darty+around+the+world&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnacdarty.com%2Fen%2Fgroup%2Ffnac-darty-around-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fnac_Locations_Belgium-2023-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fnac_Locations_Belgium-2023_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fnac_Locations_Belgium-2023_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nl.fnac.be/zoek-fnac-winkel/w-4">"Fnac Locations Belgium"</a>. 2023-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fnac+Locations+Belgium&rft.date=2023-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nl.fnac.be%2Fzoek-fnac-winkel%2Fw-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-groupe-fnac.com-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-groupe-fnac.com_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150507143800/http://www.groupe-fnac.com/index.php/la-fnac-dans-le-monde/">"La Fnac dans le monde | Site Institutionnel du goupe Fnac"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groupe-fnac.com/index.php/la-fnac-dans-le-monde/">the original</a> on 2015-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Fnac+dans+le+monde+%26%23124%3B+Site+Institutionnel+du+goupe+Fnac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groupe-fnac.com%2Findex.php%2Fla-fnac-dans-le-monde%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnac.com.br:80/institucional/nossas-lojas">"Instituicional – Fnac"</a>. Fnac. 2018-10-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170609081546/http://www.fnac.com.br/institucional/nossas-lojas">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instituicional+%E2%80%93+Fnac&rft.pub=Fnac&rft.date=2018-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnac.com.br%3A80%2Finstitucional%2Fnossas-lojas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFd'Ávila2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">d'Ávila, Mariana (25 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infomoney.com.br/negocios/grandes-empresas/noticia/7731691/livraria-cultura-pede-recuperacao-judicial-apos-fechar-lojas-fnac-pelo-pais">"Livraria Cultura pede recuperação judicial após fechar lojas Fnac pelo país"</a>. <i>www.infomoney.com.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.infomoney.com.br&rft.atitle=Livraria+Cultura+pede+recupera%C3%A7%C3%A3o+judicial+ap%C3%B3s+fechar+lojas+Fnac+pelo+pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2018-10-25&rft.aulast=d%27%C3%81vila&rft.aufirst=Mariana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infomoney.com.br%2Fnegocios%2Fgrandes-empresas%2Fnoticia%2F7731691%2Flivraria-cultura-pede-recuperacao-judicial-apos-fechar-lojas-fnac-pelo-pais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tek.sapo.pt/noticias/internet/fnac_lidera_sites_de_comercio_electronico_vis_880274.html">"Fnac lidera sites de comércio electrónico visitados pelos portugueses"</a>. TeK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fnac+lidera+sites+de+com%C3%A9rcio+electr%C3%B3nico+visitados+pelos+portugueses&rft.pub=TeK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftek.sapo.pt%2Fnoticias%2Finternet%2Ffnac_lidera_sites_de_comercio_electronico_vis_880274.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fnac.es/">"Fnac Spain"</a>. Fnac<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fnac+Spain&rft.pub=Fnac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnac.es%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217001906/http://www.fnac.ch/index0.php">"Fnac Switzerland"</a>. Fnac. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnac.ch/index0.php">the original</a> on 2008-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fnac+Switzerland&rft.pub=Fnac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnac.ch%2Findex0.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnac.com/Magazine/entreprise_fnac/adhesion.asp?NID=0&RNID=0&bl=ong">"L'adhésion Fnac"</a>. Fnac<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27adh%C3%A9sion+Fnac&rft.pub=Fnac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnac.com%2FMagazine%2Fentreprise_fnac%2Fadhesion.asp%3FNID%3D0%26RNID%3D0%26bl%3Dong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnac.com/help/A08-1.asp?NID=-11&RNID=-11&bl=foot">Contactez-nous</a>." Fnac. Retrieved on 10 March 2010. "Nouvelle adresse du siège social de la Fnac à compter du 2 juin : 9, rue des Bateaux-Lavoirs ZAC Port d'Ivry 94768 Ivry-sur-Seine Cedex"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnac.com/help/A11.asp?NID=-11&RNID=-11#bl=foot">Conditions générales de vente</a>." Fnac. Retrieved on 1 May 2011. "Le Flavia, 9 rue des bateaux-lavoirs, 94768 Ivry-sur-Seine Cedex "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pouthier, Adrien. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemoniteur.fr/157-realisations/article/actualite/580918-fnac-une-nouvelle-vie-a-ivry">Fnac : une nouvelle vie à Ivry</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150117200724/http://www.lemoniteur.fr/157-realisations/article/actualite/580918-fnac-une-nouvelle-vie-a-ivry">Archive</a>). <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Moniteur_des_travaux_publics_et_du_b%C3%A2timent" title="Le Moniteur des travaux publics et du bâtiment">Le Moniteur</a></i>. 6 November 2008. Retrieved on 13 January 2015. "le Flavia, immeuble de 6 étages en forme de 3 de 16400 m² posé en bord de Seine sur le quai Marcel Boyer. L’immeuble, conçu par l’architecte Jean-Claude Besseau et livré à General Electric par le promoteur Brémond, répondait aux quatre enjeux de sélection posés au départ "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groupe-bremond.com/projets/bureaux/le-flavia">Le Flavia IVRY-SUR-SEINE (94) Livré en 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141206135746/http://www.groupe-bremond.com/projets/bureaux/le-flavia">Archived</a> 2014-12-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Bremond. Retrieved on 23 January 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L.C. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/essonne/le-siege-de-la-fnac-pressenti-02-11-2006-2007469008.php">Le siège de la Fnac pressenti</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110144355/http://www.leparisien.fr/essonne/le-siege-de-la-fnac-pressenti-02-11-2006-2007469008.php">Archive</a>). <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Le Parisien</a></i>. 2 November 2006. Retrieved on 10 March 2010. "Dans le parc d'affaires le Haut de Wissous - rebaptisé lors de sa récente inauguration parc d'affaires international - plus de 75 000 m 2 de bureaux d'entreprise cherchent preneur. Et c'est le siège social de la Fnac qui aurait décroché la timbale. Actuellement installé à Clichy-la-Garenne (Hauts-de-Seine), le siège de l'agitateur culturel chercherait à déménager. " Mais Wissous n'est qu'un site parmi tant d'autres ", martèle-t-on chez l'intéressé, qui cherche à démentir les rumeurs persistantes."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/val-de-marne/150-salaries-de-la-fnac-arrivent-encore-a-ivry-17-06-2008-3298571787.php">150 salariés de la Fnac arrivent encore à Ivry</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525232132/http://www.leparisien.fr/val-de-marne/150-salaries-de-la-fnac-arrivent-encore-a-ivry-17-06-2008-3298571787.php">Archive</a>). <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Le Parisien</a></i>. 17 June 2008. Retrieved on 10 March 2010. "HIER, c'était le dernier jour d'aménagement au nouveau siège social de la Fnac, au bord de la Seine à Ivry-Port. Les 150 derniers arrivés viennent de la filiale Fnac.com, basée jusqu'à présent à Aubervilliers (Seine-Saint-Denis). Ils rejoignent ainsi les 850 autres employés qui sont déjà installés depuis le début du mois à Ivry."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnac.com/Magazine/entreprise_fnac/concept_fnac.asp?NID=0&RNID=0&bl=ong">"Le concept Fnac"</a>. Fnac<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+concept+Fnac&rft.pub=Fnac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnac.com%2FMagazine%2Fentreprise_fnac%2Fconcept_fnac.asp%3FNID%3D0%26RNID%3D0%26bl%3Dong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFnac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fnac&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_industry" title="Template:Music industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_industry" title="Template talk:Music industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_industry528" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major companies<br />and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Mexicana_de_Productores_de_Fonogramas_y_Videogramas" title="Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas">AMPROFON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesverband_Musikindustrie" title="Bundesverband Musikindustrie">BVMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">IFPI (worldwide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-M%C3%BAsica_Brasil" title="Pro-Música Brasil">PMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">PROMUSICAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">RIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Sony Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing_Group" title="Universal Music Publishing Group">Universal Music Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Chappell_Music" title="Warner Chappell Music">Warner Chappell Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Publishing" title="Disney Music Publishing">Disney Music Publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">Major</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Concord_(entertainment_company)" title="Concord (entertainment company)">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_independent_UK_record_labels" title="List of independent UK record labels">Independent UK record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_Music_Group" title="Allied Artists Music Group">AAMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retailers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_music_store" title="Digital music store">Digital music stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspien" title="Kaspien">Kaspien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTS_Eventim" title="CTS Eventim">CTS Eventim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveStyle" title="LiveStyle">LiveStyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster">Ticketmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Major genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">Easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal music">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors<br />and roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_cover#Design" title="Album cover">Album cover design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire">Artists and repertoire (A&R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry#Business_structure" title="Music industry">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_executive" title="Music executive">Music executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_publisher" title="Music publisher">Music publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">Music venue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">Radio promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_shop" title="Record shop">Record shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_crew" title="Road crew">Road crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_promoter" title="Tour promoter">Tour promoter</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Production10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">Lyricist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recording_format" title="Recording format">Release<br />formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play (EP)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelve-inch_single" title="Twelve-inch single">12" single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_single" title="Cassette single">Cassette single</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD_single" title="CD single">CD single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxi_single" title="Maxi single">Maxi single</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">Double album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">Music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_recording" title="Promotional recording">Promotional recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">Eight-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" title="Compact Cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplay" title="Airplay">Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">Music streaming service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">Concert tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_residency" title="Concert residency">Concert residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">Music competition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">Charts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100" title="Argentina Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Argentina Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil_Hot_100" title="Brasil Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Brasil Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100" title="Canadian Hot 100">Canadian Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart" title="Circle Chart">Circle Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Music" title="G-Music">G-Music chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart" title="Irish Singles Chart">Irish Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">Italian singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts" title="GfK Entertainment charts">GfK Entertainment charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Monitoring_Africa" title="Entertainment Monitoring Africa">Entertainment Monitoring Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_New_Zealand_Music_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Official New Zealand Music Chart">New Zealand singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_charts" title="Rolling Stone charts"><i>Rolling Stone</i> Top 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Chart" title="Sino Chart">Sino Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverigetopplistan" title="Sverigetopplistan">Sverigetopplistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_singles_chart" title="UK singles chart">UK singles chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits" title="Smash Hits">Smash Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops_(magazine)" title="Top of the Pops (magazine)">Top of the Pops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_television" title="Music television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V" title="Channel V">Channel V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(American_TV_channel)" title="CMT (American TV channel)">CMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)" title="Fuse (TV channel)">Fuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnet_(TV_channel)" title="Mnet (TV channel)">Mnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_(TV_channel)" title="Much (TV channel)">MuchMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Factory" title="The Music Factory">The Music Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Media">Viva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idol_(franchise)" title="Idol (franchise)"><i>Idol</i> franchise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popstars" title="Popstars">Popstars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Academy" title="Star Academy">Star Academy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_(franchise)" title="The Four (franchise)">The Four</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_(franchise)" title="The Voice (franchise)">The Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor" title="The X Factor">The X Factor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(franchise)" title="Rising Star (franchise)">Rising Star</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">Best-selling music artists</a> <ul><li>In: <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Finland" title="List of best-selling music artists in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_Germany" title="List of highest-certified music artists in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_female_music_artists_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling female music artists in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <small>(Females)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-certified music artists in the United States">United States</a></li> <li>Genre: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_gospel_music_artists" title="List of best-selling gospel music artists">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Latin_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Latin music artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nationality: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Belgian_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Belgian music artists">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil#Best-selling_Brazilian_artists_worldwide" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biggest-selling_British_music_artists" title="List of biggest-selling British music artists">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estimated_best-selling_Italian_music_artists" title="List of estimated best-selling Italian music artists">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Swedish_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Swedish music artists">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">Best-selling albums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_country" title="List of best-selling albums by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">Best-selling singles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_country" title="List of best-selling singles by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians" title="Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians">Highest-paid musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">Highest-grossing live music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">Highest-grossing concert tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_women" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by women">by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_Latin_artists" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concert_tours" title="List of most-attended concert tours">Most-attended concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">Most-attended concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Global Recording Artist of the Year">Global Recording Artist of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">Wealthiest musical artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit" title="Album-equivalent unit">Album-equivalent unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backmasking" title="Backmasking">Backmasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music_industry" title="Christian music industry">Christian music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the music industry">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_track" title="Hidden track">Hidden track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_music_deals" title="List of largest music deals">Largest music deals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">Largest recorded music markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_albums" title="List of most expensive albums">Most expensive albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_records" title="List of most valuable records">Most valuable records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">Music certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Advisory" title="Parental Advisory">Parental Advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_sales" title="Record sales">Record sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_album" title="Surprise album">Surprise album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_label_record" title="White label record">White label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/15px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/23px-45_record.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/30px-45_record.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Record_production" title="Portal:Record production">Record production portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Music_industry" title="Category:Music industry">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676585#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata839" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676585#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata839" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676585#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84189509">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872616n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872616n">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026486938">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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