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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Governments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_ministry_(24_June_–_16_December_1946)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_ministry_(24_June_–_16_December_1946)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>First ministry (24 June – 16 December 1946)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_ministry_(24_June_–_16_December_1946)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_ministry_(28_October_1949_–_7_February_1950)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_ministry_(28_October_1949_–_7_February_1950)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Second ministry (28 October 1949 – 7 February 1950)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_ministry_(28_October_1949_–_7_February_1950)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Ministry_(7_February_–_2_July_1950)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Ministry_(7_February_–_2_July_1950)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Third Ministry (7 February – 2 July 1950)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Ministry_(7_February_–_2_July_1950)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources and further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Georges Bidault</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جورج بيدو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج بيدو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%DA%98_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ژرژ بیدو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژرژ بیدو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC_%EB%B9%84%EB%8F%84" title="조르주 비도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조르주 비도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Жорж Бидо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жорж Бидо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Bidault" title="Georgius Bidault – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Bidault" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B" title="ജോർജ് ബിഡോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോർജ് ബിഡോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جورج بيدو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج بيدو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%83%93%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC" title="ジョルジュ・ビドー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョルジュ・ビドー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE,_%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6" title="Бидо, Жорж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бидо, Жорж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Жорж Бидо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Жорж Бидо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Жорж Бідо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жорж Бідо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE" title="佐治·皮杜爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="佐治·皮杜爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Georges Bidault" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·皮杜尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乔治·皮杜尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q312026#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French politician (1899–1983)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Georges Bidault</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Bidault.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Georges_Bidault.jpg/220px-Georges_Bidault.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Georges_Bidault.jpg/330px-Georges_Bidault.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Georges_Bidault.jpg/440px-Georges_Bidault.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="1452" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government of the French Republic</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 June 1946 – 16 December 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Félix Gouin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(President of France)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Prime Minister of France)</span></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 October 1949 – 2 July 1950</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Vincent Auriol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Henri Queuille</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Henri Queuille</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 June 1946 – 16 December 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Félix Gouin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Léon Blum</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1899-10-05</span>)</span>5 October 1899<br /><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 January 1983<span style="display:none">(1983-01-27)</span> (aged 83)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cambo-les-Bains" title="Cambo-les-Bains">Cambo-les-Bains</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">Popular Republican Movement</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Georges-Augustin Bidault</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒɔʁʒ<span class="wrap"> </span>bido]</a></span>; 5 October 1899 – 27 January 1983) was a French politician. During <a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">World War II</a>, he was active in the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a>. After the war, he served as foreign minister and premier on several occasions. He apparently joined the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Organisation armée secrète">Organisation armée secrète</a>; however he always denied his involvement. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bidault was born in <a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins, Allier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a> and became a college history teacher. In 1932 he helped to found the Catholic Association of French Youth and the left-wing anti-fascist newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Aube_(newspaper)" title="L'Aube (newspaper)">l'Aube</a></i>. He had a column in the paper and, among other things, protested against the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a> in 1938. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidault,_Georges_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bidault%2C_Georges_1934.jpg/170px-Bidault%2C_Georges_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bidault%2C_Georges_1934.jpg/255px-Bidault%2C_Georges_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bidault%2C_Georges_1934.jpg/340px-Bidault%2C_Georges_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>Bidault in 1934</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the beginning of the Second World War he joined the French army. He was captured during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Fall of France</a> and was imprisoned briefly. After his release in July 1941, he became a teacher at the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_du_Parc" title="Lycée du Parc">Lycée du Parc</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> and joined the <i>Liberté</i> group of <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> that eventually merged with the group <i>Combat</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin" title="Jean Moulin">Jean Moulin</a> recruited him to organize a covert press and the <i>Combat</i> covert newspaper. </p><p>For his work in the resistance, he was helped by his private administrative assistant <a href="/wiki/Laure_Diebold" title="Laure Diebold">Laure Diebold</a>. </p><p>Bidault, inter alia along with other people well known, was imprisoned by the <a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spanish</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a> camp at <a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bidault participated in the forming of the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_National_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil National de la Résistance">Conseil National de la Résistance</a> and, after the Gestapo captured Moulin, he became its new president. In 1944 he formed a Resistance Charter that recommended an extensive post-war reform program. After the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">liberation of Paris</a> he represented the Resistance in the victory parade. <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> appointed him as a foreign minister of his provisional government on 25 August. He was the initiator of the society <a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">Popular Republican Movement</a> (MRP). </p><p>He was chief of the French delegation to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">San Francisco Conference</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which established the UN, from April to June 1945. At the conference, France succeeded in gaining a permanent seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan201050–51_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan201050–51-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fourth_Republic">Fourth Republic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fourth Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 January 1946, Bidault married <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Borel" title="Suzanne Borel">Suzanne Borel</a>, the first French woman to be employed as a diplomat.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year he served as <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign minister</a> in <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Félix Gouin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Provisional_government" title="Provisional government">provisional government</a>. On 19 June 1946, the National Constituent Assembly elected him as president of the provisional government. His government, formed on 15 June, was composed of socialists, communists and Bidault's own MRP. In social policy, Bidault's government was notable for passing important pension and workman's compensation laws.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An act of 22 August 1946 extended coverage of family allowances to practically the entire population,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a law of October 1946 provided that insurance of occupation risks "would henceforth be mandatory and that such insurance would be granted by the Social Security that had been created in 1945."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1946, an Act was passed that made provision for two days' holiday a month up to a maximum of 24 working days for young persons between the ages of 14 and 18 and for one-and-a-half days' a month up to a maximum of 18 working days for those aged between 18 and 21.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, an Act was passed on 11 October 1946 that introduced occupational medical services.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bidault later became foreign minister once again. The government held elections for the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">National Assembly</a> on 29 November after which Bidault resigned. His successor was <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a>. </p><p>Bidault served various French governments, first as foreign minister for <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Paul Ramadier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a>. In April 1947 he endorsed Ramadier's decision to expel the Communists from his government. Bidault had recently been to Moscow and was disturbed by the Soviet regime; he believed an agreement with Stalin was impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan201097_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan201097-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, weapons valued at 153 million francs were donated to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> by the French government, in accordance with a secret agreement approved by Bidault. Bidault's reasons for this are unclear, albeit he had been very concerned about the possibility of a Jordanian takeover of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Zamir2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zamir2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deputy Chief of Staff General Henri Coudraux, who was involved in the operation, told a 1949 inquiry that France had "reached a secret agreement with the Irgun, which promised it advantages if it were to come into power [in Israel]." A significant portion of the weapons and the ammunition were later destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Altalena_Affair" title="Altalena Affair">Altalena Affair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zamir_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zamir-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949 he became the President of the Council of Ministers (premier) but his government lasted only 8 months. During his last term as premier, a law of February 1950 that regulated collective bargaining, and included a guarantee of the right of workers to strike. The same law required the government to fix minimum wages for agriculture and for industry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Henri Queuille</a>'s governments in 1950–1951 he had the office of <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">deputy prime minister</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Edgar Faure</a> also the post of defense minister. </p><p>In 1952 Bidault became honorary president of MRP. On 1 June 1953 President <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a> assigned him to form his own government but the National Assembly refused to give him the official mandate on 10 June. In 1953 Bidault became a presidential candidate but withdrew after the second round. </p><p>Bidault was foreign minister during the siege of the French garrison at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dien_Bien_Phu" title="Battle of Dien Bien Phu">Dien Bien Phu</a> from March to May 1954. He protested to the Red Cross that the <a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a> were shooting at clearly marked French medical evacuation flights, killing some of the evacuees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010301_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010301-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ongoing fighting in Indochina had exhausted him; he was described by American secretary of state <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> as "a deeply harassed man" and later by a historian as "on the verge of a nervous breakdown".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010418,332_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010418,332-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caught between his desires to end the war and to maintain French rule over its colonies, he vacillated between pressing the war, perhaps by asking the Americans for air support, or seeking a negotiated solution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010332_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010332-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bidault stated that John Foster Dulles (then Secretary of State of United States) offered France two atomic bombs in 1954. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fifth_Republic">Fifth Republic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fifth Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1958 Bidault again became premier but did not form a cabinet and helped form the conservative society <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Movement" title="Christian Democratic Movement">Christian Democratic Movement</a>. He also endorsed De Gaulle's presidency after the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian War of Independence">Algerian War of Independence</a>. </p><p>In 1961 Bidault became President of the Executive Council of the society Rally for French Algeria and opposed De Gaulle's policy of Algerian independence. He established his own National Resistance Council within the far-right paramilitary organization OAS (<a href="/wiki/Organisation_arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Organisation armée secrète">Organisation armée secrète</a>). In June 1962 he was accused of conspiring against the state and deprived of his <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_immunity" title="Parliamentary immunity">parliamentary immunity</a>. He left for exile in Brazil. In 1967 he relocated to Belgium and in 1968 returned to France after benefiting from an <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a>. </p><p>In his political memoirs, Bidault stated that he was never involved with the OAS, and was not qualified to give any precise information about its deeds.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">Front national</a> was founded in October 1972 by members of <a href="/wiki/Ordre_Nouveau_(1960s)" title="Ordre Nouveau (1960s)">Ordre nouveau</a>, he participated but resigned from the organisation a few days later. </p><p>Bidault died of a stroke in <a href="/wiki/Cambo-les-Bains" title="Cambo-les-Bains">Cambo-les-Bains</a> in January 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governments">Governments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_ministry_(24_June_–_16_December_1946)"><span id="First_ministry_.2824_June_.E2.80.93_16_December_1946.29"></span>First ministry (24 June – 16 December 1946)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First ministry (24 June – 16 December 1946)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Georges Bidault – Chairman of the Provisional Government and Minister of Foreign Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez">Maurice Thorez</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Vice President of the Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Félix Gouin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Vice President of the Council</a> and Minister of National Defense</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tillon" title="Charles Tillon">Charles Tillon</a> – Minister of Armaments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Depreux" title="Édouard Depreux">Édouard Depreux</a> – Minister of the Interior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> – Minister of Finance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Menthon" title="François de Menthon">François de Menthon</a> – Minister of National Economy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Paul" title="Marcel Paul">Marcel Paul</a> – Minister of Industrial Production</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Croizat" title="Ambroise Croizat">Ambroise Croizat</a> – Minister of Labour and Social Security</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Henri_Teitgen" title="Pierre-Henri Teitgen">Pierre-Henri Teitgen</a> – Minister of Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Edmond_Naegelen" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcel Edmond Naegelen">Marcel Edmond Naegelen</a> – Minister of National Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tanguy-Prigent" title="François Tanguy-Prigent">François Tanguy-Prigent</a> – Minister of Agriculture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Farge" title="Yves Farge">Yves Farge</a> – Minister of Supply</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Moutet" title="Marius Moutet">Marius Moutet</a> – Minister of Overseas France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Moch" title="Jules Moch">Jules Moch</a> – Minister of Public Works and Transport</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Prigent" title="Robert Prigent">Robert Prigent</a> – Minister of Population</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Billoux" title="François Billoux">François Billoux</a> – Minister of Reconstruction and Town Planning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Letourneau" title="Jean Letourneau">Jean Letourneau</a> – Minister of Posts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Varenne" title="Alexandre Varenne">Alexandre Varenne</a> – Minister of State</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisque_Gay" title="Francisque Gay">Francisque Gay</a> – Minister of State</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_ministry_(28_October_1949_–_7_February_1950)"><span id="Second_ministry_.2828_October_1949_.E2.80.93_7_February_1950.29"></span>Second ministry (28 October 1949 – 7 February 1950)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second ministry (28 October 1949 – 7 February 1950)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Georges Bidault – President of the Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Moch" title="Jules Moch">Jules Moch</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Vice President of the Council</a> and Minister of the Interior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Henri Queuille</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Vice President of the Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> – Minister of Foreign Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a> – Minister of National Defense</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Petsche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Petsche (page does not exist)">Maurice Petsche</a> – Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lacoste" title="Robert Lacoste">Robert Lacoste</a> – Minister of Commerce and Industry</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Segelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Segelle (page does not exist)">Pierre Segelle</a> – Minister of Labour and Social Security</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">René Mayer</a> – Minister of Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Yvon Delbos</a> – Minister of National Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jacquinot" title="Louis Jacquinot">Louis Jacquinot</a> – Minister of Veterans and War Victims</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pierre Pflimlin</a> – Minister of Agriculture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Letourneau" title="Jean Letourneau">Jean Letourneau</a> – Minister of Overseas France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Pineau" title="Christian Pineau">Christian Pineau</a> – Minister of Public Works, Transport, and Tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schneiter" title="Pierre Schneiter">Pierre Schneiter</a> – Minister of Public Health and Population</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Claudius-Petit" title="Eugène Claudius-Petit">Eugène Claudius-Petit</a> – Minister of Reconstruction and Town Planning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Thomas" title="Eugène Thomas">Eugène Thomas</a> – Minister of Posts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Henri_Teitgen" title="Pierre-Henri Teitgen">Pierre-Henri Teitgen</a> – Minister of State</li></ul> <p><b>Changes:</b> </p> <ul><li>2 December 1949 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Valay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Valay (page does not exist)">Gabriel Valay</a> succeeds Pflimlin as Minister of Agriculture</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Ministry_(7_February_–_2_July_1950)"><span id="Third_Ministry_.287_February_.E2.80.93_2_July_1950.29"></span>Third Ministry (7 February – 2 July 1950)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Third Ministry (7 February – 2 July 1950)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Georges Bidault – President of the Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Henri Queuille</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Vice President of the Council</a> and Minister of the Interior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> – Minister of Foreign Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a> – Minister of National Defense</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Petsche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Petsche (page does not exist)">Maurice Petsche</a> – Minister of Finance and Economics Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Louvel" title="Jean-Marie Louvel">Jean-Marie Louvel</a> – Minister of Commerce and Industry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bacon_(politician)" title="Paul Bacon (politician)">Paul Bacon</a> – Minister of Labour and Social Security</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">René Mayer</a> – Minister of Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Yvon Delbos</a> – Minister of National Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jacquinot" title="Louis Jacquinot">Louis Jacquinot</a> – Minister of Veterans and War Victims</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Valay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Valay (page does not exist)">Gabriel Valay</a> – Minister of Agriculture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Letourneau" title="Jean Letourneau">Jean Letourneau</a> – Minister of Overseas France</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Chastellain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Chastellain (page does not exist)">Jacques Chastellain</a> – Minister of Public Works, Transport, and Tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schneiter" title="Pierre Schneiter">Pierre Schneiter</a> – Minister of Public Health and Population</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Claudius-Petit" title="Eugène Claudius-Petit">Eugène Claudius-Petit</a> – Minister of Reconstruction and Town Planning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brune_(politician)" title="Charles Brune (politician)">Charles Brune</a> – Minister of Posts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Henri_Teitgen" title="Pierre-Henri Teitgen">Pierre-Henri Teitgen</a> – Minister of State</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1944–46 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Félix Gouin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the French Republic">Chairman of the Provisional Government</a> </b><br />1946 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1947–48 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Henri Queuille</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">President of the Council of Ministers</a> </b><br />1949–50 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Henri Queuille</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Henri Queuille</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Vice President of the Council of Ministers</a> </b><br />1950 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">—</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">—</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Vice President of the Council of Ministers</a> </b><br />1951–52 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">—</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Moch" title="Jules Moch">Jules Moch</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of National Defense (France)">Minister of National Defense</a> </b><br />1951–52 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1953–54 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Pierre Mendès France</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/28/obituaries/georges-bidault-resistance-hero-who-later-led-a-revolt-is-dead.html?scp=1&sq=Georges%20Bidault&st=cse">"Georges Bidault, Resistance Hero Who Later Led a Revolt, Is Dead"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 28 January 1983<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Georges+Bidault%2C+Resistance+Hero+Who+Later+Led+a+Revolt%2C+Is+Dead&rft.date=1983-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F01%2F28%2Fobituaries%2Fgeorges-bidault-resistance-hero-who-later-led-a-revolt-is-dead.html%3Fscp%3D1%26sq%3DGeorges%2520Bidault%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Bidault" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww2escapelines.co.uk/article/miranda-de-ebro-spanish-concentration-camp/">"Miranda De Ebro - The Spanish Concentration Camp"</a>. <i>WW2 Escape Lines Memorial Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WW2+Escape+Lines+Memorial+Society&rft.atitle=Miranda+De+Ebro+-+The+Spanish+Concentration+Camp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww2escapelines.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fmiranda-de-ebro-spanish-concentration-camp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Bidault" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan201050–51-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan201050–51_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorgan2010">Morgan 2010</a>, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMignot,_Elisa2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mignot, Elisa (13 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emilemagazine.fr/retro/2016/12/13/8u9xc8o22634dcap9tqpks3zjc08tv">"Portrait - Suzanne Bidault-Borel, femme (de) diplomate"</a> (in French). Émile Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portrait+-+Suzanne+Bidault-Borel%2C+femme+%28de%29+diplomate&rft.pub=%C3%89mile+Magazine&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft.au=Mignot%2C+Elisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emilemagazine.fr%2Fretro%2F2016%2F12%2F13%2F8u9xc8o22634dcap9tqpks3zjc08tv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Bidault" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks1999" class="citation book cs1">Hicks, Alexander (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialdemocracyw00hick_0"><i>Social Democracy and Welfare Capitalism: A Century of Income Security Politics</i></a></span>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801485568" title="Special:BookSources/0801485568"><bdi>0801485568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Democracy+and+Welfare+Capitalism%3A+A+Century+of+Income+Security+Politics&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0801485568&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocialdemocracyw00hick_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Bidault" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans,_Patricia_G.Laroque,_Pierre1983" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Patricia G.; Laroque, Pierre (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2A0ry66D_KAC&pg=PA327"><i>The Social Institutions of France: Translations from the First French Edition</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 327–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-677-30970-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-677-30970-5"><bdi>978-0-677-30970-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+Institutions+of+France%3A+Translations+from+the+First+French+Edition&rft.pages=327-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-677-30970-5&rft.au=Evans%2C+Patricia+G.&rft.au=Laroque%2C+Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2A0ry66D_KAC%26pg%3DPA327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Bidault" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliphant,_KenWagner,_Gerhard2012" class="citation book cs1">Oliphant, Ken; Wagner, Gerhard (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vaGJ-N7pyEUC&pg=PA204"><i>Employers' Liability and Workers' Compensation</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 204–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-027021-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-027021-1"><bdi>978-3-11-027021-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Employers%27+Liability+and+Workers%27+Compensation&rft.pages=204-&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-11-027021-1&rft.au=Oliphant%2C+Ken&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Gerhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvaGJ-N7pyEUC%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Bidault" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://staging.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1949/49B09_90_engl.pdf">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaltersJohnstoneFrickQuinlan2011" class="citation book cs1">Walters, David; Johnstone, R.; Frick, Kaj; Quinlan, Michael; Baril-Gingras, Geneviève; Thébaud-Mony, Annie (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CpF9tCA_UoEC&pg=PA26"><i>Regulating Workplace Risks: A Comparative Study of Inspection Regimes in Times of change</i></a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857931658" title="Special:BookSources/9780857931658"><bdi>9780857931658</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regulating+Workplace+Risks%3A+A+Comparative+Study+of+Inspection+Regimes+in+Times+of+change&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.isbn=9780857931658&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Johnstone%2C+R.&rft.au=Frick%2C+Kaj&rft.au=Quinlan%2C+Michael&rft.au=Baril-Gingras%2C+Genevi%C3%A8ve&rft.au=Th%C3%A9baud-Mony%2C+Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCpF9tCA_UoEC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Bidault" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan201097-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan201097_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorgan2010">Morgan 2010</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zamir2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zamir2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meir Zamir, "'Bid' for Altalena: France's covert action in the 1948 war in Palestine," <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>, vol 46 (2010) 17–58. Author's summary <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1094681.html">here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zamir-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zamir_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meir Zamir, "'Bid' for Altalena: France's covert action in the 1948 war in Palestine," <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>, vol 46 (2010) 17–58. Author's summary <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1094681.html">here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chambers Encyclopaedia new edition, Volume V: Edward-Franks, George Newnes Ltd. 1959, supplementary information 1961, printed and bound in England by Hazel Watson and Viney Ltd., Aylesbury and Slough</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010301-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010301_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorgan2010">Morgan 2010</a>, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010418,332-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010418,332_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorgan2010">Morgan 2010</a>, p. 418,332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010332-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan2010332_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorgan2010">Morgan 2010</a>, p. 332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidault, Georges (1967) <i>Resistance: The Political Autobiography of Georges Bidault</i>. F.A. Praeger. p. 245.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_further_reading">Sources and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bidault, Georges. <i>Resistance: The Political Autobiography of Georges Bidault</i> (Praeger, 1965) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/resistancepoliti00bida">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2010" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, T. (2010). <i>Valley of Death: The Tragedy at Dien Bien Phu That Led America into the Vietnam War</i>. New York: Random House. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400066643" title="Special:BookSources/9781400066643"><bdi>9781400066643</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Valley+of+Death%3A+The+Tragedy+at+Dien+Bien+Phu+That+Led+America+into+the+Vietnam+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781400066643&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Bidault" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/001710">Newspaper clippings about Georges Bidault</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_France" title="List of presidents of France">Presidents of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a> (1848–1852)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Louis-Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (page does not exist)">1848–1851</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Louis-Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte">fr</a>]</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> (1870–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Adolphe Thiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Adolphe_Thiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Adolphe Thiers (page does not exist)">1871–1873</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27Adolphe_Thiers" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Adolphe Thiers">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_de_MacMahon" title="Patrice de MacMahon">Patrice de MacMahon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Patrice_de_Mac_Mahon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Patrice de Mac Mahon (page does not exist)">1873–1879</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Patrice_de_Mac_Mahon" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Patrice de Mac Mahon">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Jules Grévy</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Jules Grévy (page does not exist)">1879–1887</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Jules Grévy">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(statesman)" title="Sadi Carnot (statesman)">Sadi Carnot</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Sadi_Carnot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Sadi Carnot (page does not exist)">1887–1894</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Sadi_Carnot" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Sadi Carnot">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Jean Casimir-Perier</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Jean_Casimir-Perier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Jean Casimir-Perier (page does not exist)">1894–1895</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Jean_Casimir-Perier" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Jean Casimir-Perier">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_F%C3%A9lix_Faure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Félix Faure (page does not exist)">1895–1899</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_F%C3%A9lix_Faure" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Félix Faure">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_%C3%89mile_Loubet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Émile Loubet (page does not exist)">1899–1906</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27%C3%89mile_Loubet" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Émile Loubet">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Armand Fallières</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Armand_Falli%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Armand Fallières (page does not exist)">1906–1913</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Armand Fallières">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Raymond Poincaré (page does not exist)">1913–1920</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Raymond Poincaré">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deschanel" title="Paul Deschanel">Paul Deschanel</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Paul_Deschanel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Paul Deschanel (page does not exist)">1920</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Paul_Deschanel" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Paul Deschanel">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Alexandre Millerand</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Alexandre_Millerand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Alexandre Millerand (page does not exist)">1920–1924</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27Alexandre_Millerand" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Alexandre Millerand">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Gaston Doumergue</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Gaston_Doumergue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Gaston Doumergue (page does not exist)">1924–1931</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Gaston_Doumergue" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Gaston Doumergue">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Paul_Doumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Paul Doumer (page does not exist)">1931–1932</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Paul_Doumer" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Paul Doumer">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun">Albert Lebrun</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Albert_Lebrun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Albert Lebrun (page does not exist)">1932–1940</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_d%27Albert_Lebrun" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence d'Albert Lebrun">fr</a>]</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> (1947–1958)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Vincent_Auriol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Vincent Auriol (page does not exist)">1947–1954</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Vincent_Auriol" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Vincent Auriol">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty" title="René Coty">René Coty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Ren%C3%A9_Coty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of René Coty (page does not exist)">1954–1959</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Ren%C3%A9_Coty" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de René Coty">fr</a>]</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a> (1958–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Presidency of Charles de Gaulle">1959–1969</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alain_Poher" title="Alain Poher">Alain Poher</a></i> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Georges Pompidou">1969–1974</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Georges_Pompidou" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Georges Pompidou">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alain_Poher" title="Alain Poher">Alain Poher</a></i> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidency of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (page does not exist)">1974–1981</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of François Mitterrand">1981–1995</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" class="extiw" title="fr:Présidence de François Mitterrand">fr</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jacques_Chirac" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Jacques Chirac">1995–2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy">2007–2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="Presidency of François Hollande">2012–2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Presidency of Emmanuel Macron">2017–present</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Acting presidents are denoted by italics.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_government_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_government_of_France" title="Template:Heads of government of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_government_of_France" title="Template talk:Heads of government of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_government_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of government of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_government_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_France" title="List of prime ministers of France">Heads of government of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_5th_Duke_of_Richelieu" title="Armand Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Dessolles,_1st_Marquis_Dessolles" title="Jean Joseph Dessolles, 1st Marquis Dessolles">Dessolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie,_duc_Decazes" title="Élie, duc Decazes">Decazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_5th_Duke_of_Richelieu" title="Armand Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Joseph de Villèle">Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Gay,_1st_Viscount_of_Martignac" title="Jean Baptiste Gay, 1st Viscount of Martignac">Martignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">Polignac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Laffitte" title="Jacques Laffitte">Laffitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pierre_P%C3%A9rier" title="Casimir Pierre Périer">Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maurice_G%C3%A9rard" title="Étienne Maurice Gérard">Gérard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Maret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Treviso" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Treviso">Mortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">Dupont de l'Eure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">Arago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac" title="Louis-Eugène Cavaignac">Cavaignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Barrot" title="Odilon Barrot">Barrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Henri_d%27Hautpoul" title="Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul">Hautpoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Faucher" title="Léon Faucher">Faucher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Ollivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cousin-Montauban,_Comte_de_Palikao" title="Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao">Cousin-Montauban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense" title="Government of National Defense">Government of<br />National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Jules_Trochu" title="Louis-Jules Trochu">Trochu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Broglie,_4th_Duke_of_Broglie" title="Albert de Broglie, 4th Duke of Broglie">A. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Courtot_de_Cissey" title="Ernest Courtot de Cissey">Cissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Simon" title="Jules Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Broglie,_4th_Duke_of_Broglie" title="Albert de Broglie, 4th Duke of Broglie">A. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan_de_Rochebou%C3%ABt" title="Gaëtan de Rochebouët">Rochebouët</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Waddington" title="William Waddington">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Gambetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Fallières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goblet" title="René Goblet">Goblet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Floquet" title="Charles Floquet">Floquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Loubet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Casimir-Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_M%C3%A9line" title="Jules Méline">Méline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Waldeck-Rousseau" title="Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau">Waldeck-Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Combes" title="Émile Combes">Combes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sarrien" title="Ferdinand Sarrien">Sarrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Monis" title="Ernest Monis">Monis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Millerand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leygues" title="Georges Leygues">Leygues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Steeg" title="Théodore Steeg">Steeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Bouisson" title="Fernand Bouisson">Bouisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional<br />Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Gouin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Ramadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marie" title="André Marie">Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Laniel" title="Joseph Laniel">Laniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Mendès France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Mollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury">Bourgès-Maunoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gaillard" title="Félix Gaillard">Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Chaban-Delmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Messmer" title="Pierre Messmer">Messmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mauroy" title="Pierre Mauroy">Mauroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Rocard" title="Michel Rocard">Rocard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Balladur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Jospin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Raffarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Villepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">Fillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Ayrault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Valls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cazeneuve" title="Bernard Cazeneuve">Cazeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Castex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Borne" title="Élisabeth Borne">Borne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Attal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_France" title="Chief minister of France">Chief minister of France</a> (pre-Revolution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Deputy Prime Minister</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_Ministers_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_Ministers_of_France" title="Template:Foreign Ministers of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_Ministers_of_France" title="Template talk:Foreign Ministers of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_Ministers_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign Ministers of France"><abbr title="Edit this 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J. Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Br%C3%BBlart,_marquis_de_Sillery" title="Pierre Brûlart, marquis de Sillery">Sillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Phélypeaux">R. Phélypeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bouthillier" title="Claude Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bouthillier,_comte_de_Chavigny" title="Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny">Chavigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Auguste_de_Lom%C3%A9nie,_comte_de_Brienne" title="Henri-Auguste de Loménie, comte de Brienne">Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues_de_Lionne" title="Hugues de Lionne">Lionne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Arnauld,_Marquis_de_Pomponne" title="Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne">Pomponne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colbert,_marquis_de_Croissy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Colbert, marquis de Croissy">Croissy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Colbert,_Marquis_of_Torcy" title="Jean Baptiste Colbert, Marquis of Torcy">Torcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chalon_du_Bl%C3%A9" title="Nicolas Chalon du Blé">Huxelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Dubois" title="Guillaume Dubois">Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jean-Baptiste_Fleuriau" title="Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau">Morville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germain_Louis_Chauvelin" title="Germain Louis Chauvelin">Chauvelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Amelot_de_Chaillou" title="Jean-Jacques Amelot de Chaillou">Chaillou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Maurice_de_Noailles,_3rd_Duke_of_Noailles" title="Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd Duke of Noailles">Noailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Louis_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy,_Marquis_of_Argenson" title="René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy, Marquis of Argenson">Argenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philog%C3%A8ne_Br%C3%BBlart,_vicomte_de_Puisieulx" title="Louis Philogène Brûlart, vicomte de Puisieulx">Puisieulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Dominique_de_Barberie_de_Saint-Contest" title="François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest">Saint-Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Louis_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Antoine Louis Rouillé">Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joachim_de_Pierre_de_Bernis" title="François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis">Bernis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Choiseul,_Duke_of_Choiseul" title="Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul">É. Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gabriel_de_Choiseul" class="mw-redirect" title="César Gabriel de Choiseul">C. Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Choiseul,_Duke_of_Choiseul" title="Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul">É. Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux,_comte_de_Saint-Florentin" title="Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin">L. Phélypeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Armand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_Duke_of_Aiguillon" title="Emmanuel Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duke of Aiguillon">Aiguillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bertin" title="Henri Bertin">Bertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes" title="Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes">Vergennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Marc,_comte_de_Montmorin" title="Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin">Montmorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Qu%C3%A9len_de_Stuer_de_Caussade,_2nd_Duke_of_La_Vauguyon" title="Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Caussade, 2nd Duke of La Vauguyon">Vauguyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Marc,_comte_de_Montmorin" title="Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin">Montmorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine_de_Valdec_de_Lessart" title="Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart">Lessart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez" title="Charles François Dumouriez">Dumouriez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_de_M%C3%A9redieu,_baron_de_Naillac" title="Pierre Paul de Méredieu, baron de Naillac">Naillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Scipion_Charles_Auguste_de_La_Garde_de_Chambonas" title="Victor Scipion Charles Auguste de La Garde de Chambonas">Chambonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_de_Gratet,_vicomte_Dubouchage" title="François Joseph de Gratet, vicomte Dubouchage">Dubouchage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bigot_de_Sainte-Croix" title="Claude Bigot de Sainte-Croix">Sainte-Croix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Henri_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Marie_Lebrun-Tondu" title="Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Lebrun-Tondu">Lebrun-Tondu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_Michel_Chemin_Deforgues" title="François Louis Michel Chemin Deforgues">Deforgues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Claude_Alexandre_Goujon" title="Jean-Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon">Goujon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Herman" title="Martial Herman">Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Delacroix" title="Charles-François Delacroix">Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Reinhard" title="Charles-Frédéric Reinhard">Reinhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Nomp%C3%A8re_de_Champagny" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny">Champagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Bassano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand-Augustin-Louis_de_Caulaincourt" title="Armand-Augustin-Louis de Caulaincourt">Caulaincourt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">First Restoration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Lafor%C3%AAt" title="Antoine de Laforêt">Laforest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand-Augustin-Louis_de_Caulaincourt" title="Armand-Augustin-Louis de Caulaincourt">Caulaincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pierre_%C3%89douard,_Baron_Bignon" title="Louis Pierre Édouard, Baron Bignon">Bignon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Second Restoration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand-Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_Duc_de_Richelieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu">A. E. Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph,_Marquis_Dessolles" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles">Dessolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Denis_Pasquier" title="Étienne-Denis Pasquier">Pasquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_de_Montmorency" title="Mathieu de Montmorency">M. Montmorency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ange_Hyacinthe_Maxence,_baron_de_Damas" title="Ange Hyacinthe Maxence, baron de Damas">Damas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste,_comte_de_La_Ferronays" title="Auguste, comte de La Ferronays">La Ferronays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Adrien-Pierre_de_Montmorency-Laval" title="Anne-Adrien-Pierre de Montmorency-Laval">Montmorency-Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Marie,_comte_Portalis" title="Joseph-Marie, comte Portalis">Portalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_de_Rochechouart,_11th_Duke_of_Mortemart" title="Casimir de Rochechouart, 11th Duke of Mortemart">Mortemart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pierre_%C3%89douard,_Baron_Bignon" title="Louis Pierre Édouard, Baron Bignon">Bignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">Jourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Maison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Fran%C3%A7ois_Bastien_S%C3%A9bastiani_de_La_Porta" title="Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta">Sébastiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Rigny" title="Henri de Rigny">Rigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph,_comte_Bresson" title="Charles Joseph, comte Bresson">Bresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Rigny" title="Henri de Rigny">Rigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Napol%C3%A9on_Lannes" title="Louis Napoléon Lannes">Montebello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bastide" title="Jules Bastide">Bastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Alphonse_Bedeau" title="Marie Alphonse Bedeau">Bedeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bastide" title="Jules Bastide">Bastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Rayneval" title="Alphonse de Rayneval">Rayneval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Ernest_Ducos_de_La_Hitte" title="Jean-Ernest Ducos de La Hitte">La Hitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole,_baron_Br%C3%A9nier_de_Renaudi%C3%A8re" title="Anatole, baron Brénier de Renaudière">Brénier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Baroche" title="Jules Baroche">Baroche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_F%C3%A9lix_%C3%89tienne,_marquis_de_Turgot" title="Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot">Turgot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Colonna-Walewski" title="Alexandre Colonna-Walewski">Walewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Baroche" title="Jules Baroche">Baroche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Thouvenel" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Thouvenel">Thouvenel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_marquis_de_La_Valette" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, marquis de La Valette">La Valette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_de_Moustier" title="Lionel de Moustier">Moustier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_marquis_de_La_Valette" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, marquis de La Valette">La Valette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_prince_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri, prince de La Tour d'Auvergne">La Tour Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on,_comte_Daru" title="Napoléon, comte Daru">Daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Ollivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenor,_duc_de_Gramont" class="mw-redirect" title="Agenor, duc de Gramont">Gramont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_prince_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri, prince de La Tour d'Auvergne">La Tour d'Auvergne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Favre" title="Jules Favre">Favre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_R%C3%A9musat" title="Charles de Rémusat">Rémusat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert,_4th_duc_de_Broglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, 4th duc de Broglie">A. Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_duc_Decazes" title="Louis, duc Decazes">Decazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston-Robert,_Marquis_de_Banneville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaston-Robert, Marquis de Banneville">Banneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Waddington" title="William Waddington">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire">Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Gambetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Fallières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul-Armand_Challemel-Lacour" title="Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour">Challemel-Lacour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Flourens" title="Émile Flourens">Flourens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goblet" title="René Goblet">Goblet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Spuller" title="Eugène Spuller">Spuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Develle" title="Jules Develle">Develle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Casimir-Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Hanotaux" title="Gabriel Hanotaux">Hanotaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Berthelot" title="Marcellin Berthelot">Berthelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Hanotaux" title="Gabriel Hanotaux">Hanotaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Delcass%C3%A9" title="Théophile Delcassé">Delcassé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pichon" title="Stephen Pichon">Pichon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cruppi" title="Jean Cruppi">Cruppi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_de_Selves" title="Justin de Selves">Selves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jonnart" title="Charles Jonnart">Jonnart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pichon" title="Stephen Pichon">Pichon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Delcass%C3%A9" title="Théophile Delcassé">Delcassé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pichon" title="Stephen Pichon">Pichon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Millerand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leygues" title="Georges Leygues">Leygues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Lefebvre_du_Prey" title="Edmond Lefebvre du Prey">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Delbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baudouin" title="Paul Baudouin">Baudouin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baudouin" title="Paul Baudouin">Baudouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional<br />Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Mendès France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Pineau" title="Christian Pineau">Pineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Schumann" title="Maurice Schumann">Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bettencourt" title="André Bettencourt">Bettencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Jobert" title="Michel Jobert">Jobert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sauvagnargues" title="Jean Sauvagnargues">Sauvagnargues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Guiringaud" title="Louis de Guiringaud">Guiringaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois-Poncet" title="Jean François-Poncet">François-Poncet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Cheysson" title="Claude Cheysson">Cheysson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Dumas" title="Roland Dumas">Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Bernard_Raimond" title="Jean-Bernard Raimond">Raimond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Dumas" title="Roland Dumas">Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_de_Charette" title="Hervé de Charette">Charette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_V%C3%A9drine" title="Hubert Védrine">Védrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Villepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Douste-Blazy" title="Philippe Douste-Blazy">Douste-Blazy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kouchner" title="Bernard Kouchner">Kouchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Alliot-Marie" title="Michèle Alliot-Marie">Alliot-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Ayrault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Le Drian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Colonna" title="Catherine Colonna">Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Séjourné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Barrot" title="Jean-Noël Barrot">Barrot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Popular_Republican_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MRPLeaders" title="Template:MRPLeaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MRPLeaders" title="Template talk:MRPLeaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MRPLeaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MRPLeaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Popular_Republican_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">Popular Republican Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Schumann" title="Maurice Schumann">Maurice Schumann</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georges Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Henri_Teitgen" title="Pierre-Henri Teitgen">Pierre-Henri Teitgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pierre Pflimlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Colin" title="André Colin">André Colin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lecanuet" title="Jean Lecanuet">Jean Lecanuet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_armée_secrète" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organisation_arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Template:Organisation armée secrète"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Template talk:Organisation armée secrète"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation armée secrète"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_armée_secrète" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Organisation armée secrète">Organisation armée secrète</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Vitry-Le-Fran%C3%A7ois_train_bombing" title="1961 Vitry-Le-François train bombing">1961 Vitry-Le-François train bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Issy-les-Moulineaux_bombing" title="1962 Issy-les-Moulineaux bombing">1962 Issy-les-Moulineaux bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bab_El_Oued" title="Battle of Bab El Oued">Battle of Bab El Oued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando_Delta" title="Commando Delta">Commando Delta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Argoud" title="Antoine Argoud">Antoine Argoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Degueldre" title="Roger Degueldre">Roger Degueldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dovecar" title="Albert Dovecar">Albert Dovecar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gardy" title="Paul Gardy">Paul Gardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Godard" title="Yves Godard">Yves Godard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_(French_Navy_officer)" title="Pierre Guillaume (French Navy officer)">Pierre Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Jouhaud" title="Edmond Jouhaud">Edmond Jouhaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lacheroy" title="Charles Lacheroy">Charles Lacheroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lagaillarde" title="Pierre Lagaillarde">Pierre Lagaillarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Salan" title="Raoul Salan">Raoul Salan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Susini" title="Jean-Jacques Susini">Jean-Jacques Susini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable<br />members</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georges Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Borella" title="Dominique Borella">Dominique Borella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Cherid" title="Jean-Pierre Cherid">Jean-Pierre Cherid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Descaves" title="Pierre Descaves">Pierre Descaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Gu%C3%A9rin-S%C3%A9rac" title="Yves Guérin-Sérac">Yves Guérin-Sérac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Holeindre" title="Roger Holeindre">Roger Holeindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Ma%C3%AFone-Libaude" title="Jean-Pierre Maïone-Libaude">Jean-Pierre Maïone-Libaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pesquet" title="Robert Pesquet">Robert Pesquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Piegts" title="Claude Piegts">Claude Piegts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Soustelle" title="Jacques Soustelle">Jacques Soustelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Spaggiari" title="Albert Spaggiari">Albert Spaggiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Steiner" title="Rolf Steiner">Rolf Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Dominique Venner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Combat_dans_l%27%C3%AEle" title="Le Combat dans l'île">Le Combat dans l'île</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Jackal" title="The Day of the Jackal">The Day of the Jackal</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Jackal_(film)" title="The Day of the Jackal (film)">film adaptation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Objectif_500_millions" title="Objectif 500 millions">Objectif 500 millions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unvanquished_(film)" title="The Unvanquished (film)">The Unvanquished</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">Algiers putsch of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on_courthouse_attack" title="Besançon courthouse attack">Besançon courthouse attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel_Group" title="Charles Martel Group">Charles Martel Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312026#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312026#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312026#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108574453">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51758050">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/158916/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmHKj3XpdmXptQqq36Myd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118663003">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85124120">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12317811q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12317811q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bidault, Georges <1899-1983>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/DDSV079116">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49885905">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070290628">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90958837">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810540333105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/189614">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007273365605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11452343?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/788">Sycomore</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118663003.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118663003">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032079044">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/17412892">NARA</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10567973">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69p4cq0">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&oldid=1252007476">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bidault&oldid=1252007476</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1899_births" title="Category:1899 births">1899 births</a></li><li><a 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