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Ampawasuvan</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Surachai Ampawasuvan"> <meta name="keywords" content="Surachai Ampawasuvan"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Surachai Ampawasuvan"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Surachai Ampawasuvan</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Distribution of Traffic Volume at Fuel Station during Peak Hour Period on Arterial Road</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Ampawasuvan">Surachai Ampawasuvan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supornchai%20Utainarumol"> Supornchai Utainarumol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of fuel station’ customers, who drive on the major arterial road wants to use the stations to fill fuel to their vehicle during their journey to destinations. According to the survey of traffic volume of the vehicle using fuel stations by video cameras, automatic counting tools, or questionnaires, it was found that most users prefer to use fuel stations on holiday rather than on working day. They also prefer to use fuel stations in the morning rather than in the evening. When comparing the ratio of the distribution pattern of traffic volume of the vehicle using fuel stations by video cameras, automatic counting tools, there is no significant difference. However, when comparing the ratio of peak hour (peak hour rate) of the results from questionnaires at 13 to 14 percent with the results obtained by using the methods of the Institute of Transportation Engineering (ITE), it is found that the value is similar. However, it is different from a survey by video camera and automatic traffic counting at 6 to 7 percent of about half. So, this study suggests that in order to forecast trip generation of vehicle using fuel stations on major arterial road which is mostly characterized by Though Traffic, it is recommended to use the value of half of peak hour rate, which would make the forecast for trips generation to be more precise and accurate and compatible to surrounding environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20rate" title="peak rate">peak rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trips%20generation" title=" trips generation"> trips generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20station" title=" fuel station"> fuel station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20road" title=" arterial road"> arterial road</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54537/distribution-of-traffic-volume-at-fuel-station-during-peak-hour-period-on-arterial-road" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Effect of Natural Binder on Pang-Rum Hardness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pattaranut%20Eakwaropas">Pattaranut Eakwaropas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khemjira%20Jarmkom"> Khemjira Jarmkom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warachate%20Khobjai"> Warachate Khobjai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Techaoei"> Surachai Techaoei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to improve Pang-Rum (PR) hardness by adding natural binders. PR is one of Thai tradition aroma products. In the past, it was used for aesthetic propose on face and body with good odor. Nowadays, PR is not popular and going to be disappeared. Five natural materials, i.e. agar, rice flour, glutinous flour, corn starch, and tapioca starch were selected to use as binders. Binders were dissolved with boiled water into concentration 5% and 10% w/w except agar that was prepared 0.5% and 1% w/w. PR with and without binder were formulated. Physical properties, i.e. weight, shape, color, and hardness were evaluated. PR with 10% of corn starch solution had suitable hardness (14.2±0.9 kg) and the best appearance. In the future, it would be planned to study about odor and physical stability for decorated product development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aromatic%20water" title="aromatic water">aromatic water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20binder" title=" natural binder"> natural binder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pang-rum" title=" pang-rum"> pang-rum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61564/effect-of-natural-binder-on-pang-rum-hardness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Evaluation of Thrombolytic Activity of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. and Thai Herbal Prasaplai Formula</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warachate%20Khobjai">Warachate Khobjai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyan%20Sukati"> Suriyan Sukati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khemjira%20Jarmkom"> Khemjira Jarmkom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pattaranut%20Eakwaropas"> Pattaranut Eakwaropas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Techaoei"> Surachai Techaoei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The propose of this study was to investigate <em>in vitro</em> thrombolytic activity of <em>Zingiber cassumunar</em> Roxb. and Prasaplai, a Thai herbal formulation of <em>Z. cassumunar</em> Roxb. Herbs were extracted with boiling water and concentrated by lyophilization. To observe their thrombolytic potential, an <em>in vitro</em> clot lysis method was applied where streptokinase and sterile distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Crude aqueous extracts from <em>Z. cassumunar</em> Roxb. and Prasaplai formula showed significant thrombolytic activity by clot lysis of 17.90% and 25.21%, respectively, compared to the negative control water (5.16%) while the standard streptokinase revealed 64.78% clot lysis. These findings suggest that <em>Z. cassumunar</em> Roxb. exhibits moderate thrombolytic activity and cloud play an important role in the thrombolytic properties of Prasaplai formula. However, further study should be done to observe <em>in vivo</em> clot dissolving potential and to isolate active component(s) of these extracts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrombolytic%20activity" title="thrombolytic activity">thrombolytic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clot%20lysis" title=" clot lysis"> clot lysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zingiber%20cassumunar%20Roxb." title=" Zingiber cassumunar Roxb."> Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasaplai%20formula" title=" Prasaplai formula"> Prasaplai formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61567/evaluation-of-thrombolytic-activity-of-zingiber-cassumunar-roxb-and-thai-herbal-prasaplai-formula" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Three Different Orthodontic Latex Elastic Bands Leached with NaOH Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thipsupar%20Pureprasert">Thipsupar Pureprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niwat%20Anuwongnukroh"> Niwat Anuwongnukroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Dechkunakorn"> Surachai Dechkunakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surapich%20Loykulanant"> Surapich Loykulanant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaveewan%20Kongkaew"> Chaveewan Kongkaew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassana%20Wichai"> Wassana Wichai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Orthodontic elastic bands made from natural rubber continue to be commonly used due to their favorable characteristics. However, there are concerns associated cytotoxicity due to harmful components released during conventional vulcanization (sulfur-based method). With the co-operation of The National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC) and Faculty of Dentistry Mahidol University, a method was introduced to reduce toxic components by leaching the orthodontic elastic bands with NaOH solution. Objectives: To evaluate the mechanical properties of Thai and commercial orthodontic elastic brands (Ormco and W&H) leached with NaOH solution. Material and methods: Three elastic brands (N =30, size ¼ inch, 4.5 oz.) were tested for mechanical properties in terms of initial extension force, residual force, force loss, breaking strength and maximum displacement using a Universal Testing Machine. Results : Force loss significantly decreased in Thai-LEACH and W&H-LEACH, whereas the values increased in Ormco-LEACH (P < 0.05). The data exhibited a significantly decrease in breaking strength with Thai-LEACH and Ormco-LEACH, whereas all 3 brands revealed a significantly decrease in maximum displacement with the leaching process (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Leaching with NaOH solution is a new method, which can remove toxic components from orthodontic latex elastic bands. However, this process can affect their mechanical properties. Leached elastic bands from Thai had comparable properties with Ormco and have potential to be developed as a promising product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching" title="leaching">leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20elastics" title=" orthodontic elastics"> orthodontic elastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20rubber%20latex" title=" natural rubber latex"> natural rubber latex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic" title=" orthodontic"> orthodontic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50229/comparison-of-mechanical-properties-of-three-different-orthodontic-latex-elastic-bands-leached-with-naoh-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Mechanical and Physical Properties of Various Types of Dental Floss</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supanitayanon%20Lalita">Supanitayanon Lalita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dechkunakorn%20Surachai"> Dechkunakorn Surachai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuwongnukroh%20Niwat"> Anuwongnukroh Niwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikhirin%20Toemsak"> Srikhirin Toemsak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roongrujimek%20Pitchaya"> Roongrujimek Pitchaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tua-Ngam%20Peerapong"> Tua-Ngam Peerapong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To compare maximum load, percentage of elongation, physical characteristics of 4 types of dental floss: (1) Thai Silk Floss (silk, waxed), (2) Oral B® Essential Floss (nylon, waxed), (3) Experimental Floss Xu (nylon, unwaxed), (4) Experimental Floss Xw (nylon, waxed). Materials & method: Four types of floss were tested (n=30) with a Universal Testing Machine (Instron®). Each sample (30 cm long, 5 cm segment) was fixed, and pulled apart with load cell of 100 N and a test speed of 100 mm/min. Physical characteristics were investigated by digital microscope under 2.5×10 magnification, and scanning electron microscope under 1×100 and 5×100 magnification. The size of the filaments was measured in micron (μm) and the fineness were measured in Denier. Statistical analysis: For mechanical properties, the maximum load and the percentage of elongation were presented as mean ± SD. The distribution of the data was calculated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. One-way ANOVA and multiple comparison (Tukey HSD) were used to analyze the differences among the groups with the level of a statistical difference at p < 0.05. Results: The maximum load of Floss Xu, Floss Xw, Oral B and Thai Silk were 47.39, 46.46, 25.38, and 23.70 N, respectively. The percentage of elongation of Oral B, Floss Xw, Floss Xu and Thai Silk were 72.43, 44.62, 31.25, and 16.44%, respectively. All 4 types of dental floss showed statistically differences in both the maximum load and percentage of elongation at p < 0.05, except for maximum load between Floss Xw and Floss Xu that showed no statistically significant difference. Physical characteristics of Thai silk revealed the most disintegrated, the smallest, and the least fine filaments. Conclusion: Floss Xu had the highest maximum load. Oral B had the highest percentage of elongation. Wax coating on Floss X increased the elongation but had no significant effect on the maximum load. The physical characteristics of Thai Silk resulted in the lowest mechanical properties values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20floss" title="dental floss">dental floss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20load" title=" maximum load"> maximum load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20property" title=" mechanical property"> mechanical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=percentage%20of%20elongation" title=" percentage of elongation"> percentage of elongation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20property" title=" physical property"> physical property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50248/mechanical-and-physical-properties-of-various-types-of-dental-floss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Load-Deflecting Characteristics of a Fabricated Orthodontic Wire with 50.6Ni 49.4Ti Alloy Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aphinan%20Phukaoluan">Aphinan Phukaoluan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Dechkunakorn"> Surachai Dechkunakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niwat%20Anuwongnukroh"> Niwat Anuwongnukroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anak%20Khantachawana"> Anak Khantachawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pongpan%20Kaewtathip"> Pongpan Kaewtathip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julathep%20Kajornchaiyakul"> Julathep Kajornchaiyakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peerapong%20Tua-Ngam"> Peerapong Tua-Ngam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: The objectives of this study was to determine the load-deflecting characteristics of a fabricated orthodontic wire with alloy composition of 50.6% (atomic weight) Ni and 49.4% (atomic weight) Ti and to compare the results with Ormco, a commercially available pre-formed NiTi orthodontic archwire. Materials and Methods: The ingots alloys with atomic weight ratio 50.6 Ni: 49.4 Ti alloy were used in this study. Three specimens were cut to have wire dimensions of 0.016 inch x0.022 inch. For comparison, a commercially available pre-formed NiTi archwire, Ormco, with dimensions of 0.016 inch x 0.022 inch was used. Three-point bending tests were performed at the temperature 36+1 °C using a Universal Testing Machine on the newly fabricated and commercial archwires to assess the characteristics of the load-deflection curve with loading and unloading forces. The loading and unloading features at the deflection points 0.25, 0.50, 0.75. 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mm were compared. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate each variables, and independent t-test at p < 0.05 was used to analyze the mean differences between the two groups. Results: The load-deflection curve of the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wires exhibited the characteristic features of superelasticity. The curves at the loading and unloading slope of Ormco NiTi archwire were more parallel than the newly fabricated NiTi wires. The average deflection force of the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire was 304.98 g and 208.08 g for loading and unloading, respectively. Similarly, the values were 358.02 g loading and 253.98 g for unloading of Ormco NiTi archwire. The interval difference forces between each deflection points were in the range 20.40-121.38 g and 36.72-92.82 g for the loading and unloading curve of 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire, respectively, and 4.08-157.08 g and 14.28-90.78 g for the loading and unloading curve of commercial wire, respectively. The average deflection force of the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire was less than that of Ormco NiTi archwire, which could have been due to variations in the wire dimensions. Although a greater force was required for each deflection point of loading and unloading for the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire as compared to Ormco NiTi archwire, the values were still within the acceptable limits to be clinically used in orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wires presented the characteristics of a superelastic orthodontic wire. The loading and unloading force were also suitable for orthodontic tooth movement. These results serve as a suitable foundation for further studies in the development of new orthodontic NiTi archwires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=50.6%20ni%2049.4%20Ti%20alloy%20wire" title="50.6 ni 49.4 Ti alloy wire">50.6 ni 49.4 Ti alloy wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20deflection%20curve" title=" load deflection curve"> load deflection curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading%20and%20unloading%20force" title=" loading and unloading force"> loading and unloading force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic" title=" orthodontic"> orthodontic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50227/load-deflecting-characteristics-of-a-fabricated-orthodontic-wire-with-506ni-494ti-alloy-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Loading Forces following Addition of 5% Cu in Nickel-Titanium Alloy Used for Orthodontics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aphinan%20Phukaoluan">Aphinan Phukaoluan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Dechkunakorn"> Surachai Dechkunakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niwat%20Anuwongnukroh"> Niwat Anuwongnukroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anak%20Khantachawana"> Anak Khantachawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pongpan%20Kaewtathip"> Pongpan Kaewtathip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julathep%20Kajornchaiyakul"> Julathep Kajornchaiyakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassana%20Wichai"> Wassana Wichai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: This study aims to address the amount of force delivered by a NiTiCu orthodontic wire with a ternary composition ratio of 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu and to compare the results with a commercial NiTiCu 35 °C orthodontic archwire. Materials and Methods: Nickel (purity 99.9%), Titanium (purity 99.9%), and Copper (purity 99.9%) were used in this study with the atomic weight ratio 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu. The elements were melted to form an alloy using an electrolytic arc furnace in argon gas atmosphere and homogenized at 800 °C for 1 hr. The alloys were subsequently sliced into thin plates (1.5mm) by EDM wire cutting machine to obtain the specimens and were cold-rolled with 30% followed by heat treatment in a furnace at 400 °C for 1 hour. Then, the three newly fabricated NiTiCu specimens were cut in nearly identical wire sizes of 0.016 inch x0.022 inch. Commercial preformed Ormco NiTiCu35 °C archwire with size 0.016 inch x 0.022 inches were used for comparative purposes. Three-point bending test was performed using a Universal Testing Machine to investigate the force of the load-deflection curve at oral temperature (36 °C+ 1) with deflection points at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0. 1.25, and 1.5 mm. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate each variables and independent t-test was used to analyze the differences between the groups. Results: Both NiTiCu wires presented typical superelastic properties as observed from the load-deflection curve. The average force was 341.70 g for loading, and 264.18 g for unloading for 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu wire. Similarly, the values were 299.88 g for loading, and 201.96 g for unloading of Ormco NiTiCu35°C. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean loading and unloading forces between the two NiTiCu wires. The deflection forces in loading and unloading force for Ormco NiTiCu at each point were less than 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu wire, except at the deflection point of 0.25mm. Regarding the force difference between each deflection point of loading and unloading force, Ormco NiTiCu35 °C exerted less force than 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu wire, except at difference deflection at 1.5-1.25 mm of unloading force. However, there were still within the acceptable limits for orthodontic use. Conclusion: The fabricated ternary alloy of 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu (atomic weight) with 30% reduction and heat treatment at 400°C for 1 hr. and Ormco 35 °C NiTiCu presented the characteristics of the shape memory in their wire form. The unloading forces of both NiTiCu wires were in the range of orthodontic use. This should be a good foundation for further studies towards development of new orthodontic NiTiCu archwires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading%20force" title="loading force">loading force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ternary%20alloy" title=" ternary alloy"> ternary alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiTiCu" title=" NiTiCu"> NiTiCu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20memory" title=" shape memory"> shape memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20wire" title=" orthodontic wire"> orthodontic wire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50228/loading-forces-following-addition-of-5-cu-in-nickel-titanium-alloy-used-for-orthodontics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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