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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Mg%C5%82awica+refleksyjna" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Mg%C5%82awica+refleksyjna" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Mg%C5%82awica+refleksyjna" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Mg%C5%82awica+refleksyjna" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mgławica refleksyjna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 47 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3" title="سديم عاكس – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سديم عاكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রতিফলন নীহারিকা – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রতিফলন নীহারিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Адбівальная туманнасць – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адбівальная туманнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="रिफ्लेक्शन नेबुला – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रिफ्लेक्शन नेबुला" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Отразяваща мъглявина – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отразяваща мъглявина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odrazna_maglina" title="Odrazna maglina – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Odrazna maglina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_de_reflexi%C3%B3" title="Nebulosa de reflexió – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nebulosa de reflexió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexn%C3%AD_mlhovina" title="Reflexní mlhovina – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reflexní mlhovina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexionsnebel" title="Reflexionsnebel – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reflexionsnebel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peegeldav_udu" title="Peegeldav udu – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peegeldav udu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%AD%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Νεφέλωμα ανάκλασης – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεφέλωμα ανάκλασης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_nebula" title="Reflection nebula – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reflection nebula" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_de_reflexi%C3%B3n" title="Nebulosa de reflexión – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nebulosa de reflexión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflekta_nebulozo" title="Reflekta nebulozo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reflekta nebulozo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islapen-nebulosa" title="Islapen-nebulosa – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Islapen-nebulosa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="سحابی بازتابی – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سحابی بازتابی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9buleuse_par_r%C3%A9flexion" title="Nébuleuse par réflexion – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nébuleuse par réflexion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_de_reflexi%C3%B3n" title="Nebulosa de reflexión – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nebulosa de reflexión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%82%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%9A%B4" title="반사성운 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반사성운" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="परावर्ती नीहारिका – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परावर्ती नीहारिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odrazna_maglica" title="Odrazna maglica – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Odrazna maglica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula_refleksi" title="Nebula refleksi – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nebula refleksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_a_riflessione" title="Nebulosa a riflessione – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nebulosa a riflessione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94" title="ערפילית החזרה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ערפילית החזרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexiounsniwwel" title="Reflexiounsniwwel – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Reflexiounsniwwel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atspind%C5%BEio_%C5%ABkas" title="Atspindžio ūkas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atspindžio ūkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexi%C3%B3s_k%C3%B6d" title="Reflexiós köd – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Reflexiós köd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Отсјајна маглина – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Отсјајна маглина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflectienevel" title="Reflectienevel – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reflectienevel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="反射星雲 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="反射星雲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refleksjonst%C3%A5ke" title="Refleksjonståke – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Refleksjonståke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refleksjonst%C3%A5ke" title="Refleksjonståke – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Refleksjonståke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_de_reflex%C3%A3o" title="Nebulosa de reflexão – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nebulosa de reflexão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuloas%C4%83_de_reflexie" title="Nebuloasă de reflexie – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nebuloasă de reflexie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Отражательная туманность – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Отражательная туманность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_nebula" title="Reflection nebula – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reflection nebula" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexn%C3%A1_hmlovina" title="Reflexná hmlovina – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Reflexná hmlovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рефлексиона маглина – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рефлексиона маглина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refleksiona_maglina" title="Refleksiona maglina – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Refleksiona maglina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heijastussumu" title="Heijastussumu – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heijastussumu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflektionsnebulosa" title="Reflektionsnebulosa – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reflektionsnebulosa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="เนบิวลาสะท้อนแสง – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เนบิวลาสะท้อนแสง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yans%C4%B1_bulutsusu" title="Yansı bulutsusu – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yansı bulutsusu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Відбивна туманність – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відбивна туманність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinh_v%C3%A2n_ph%E1%BA%A3n_x%E1%BA%A1" title="Tinh vân phản xạ – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tinh vân phản xạ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Reflection.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Reflection.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg/200px-Reflection.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Reflection.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg/300px-Reflection.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Reflection.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg/400px-Reflection.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>Mgławica <a href="/wiki/IC_2118" title="IC 2118">Głowa Czarownicy</a> (IC 2118), oddalona od Ziemi o około 1000 lat świetlnych, jest powiązana z jasną gwiazdą <a href="/wiki/Rigel" title="Rigel">Rigel</a> w <a href="/wiki/Gwiazdozbi%C3%B3r_Oriona" title="Gwiazdozbiór Oriona">gwiazdozbiorze Oriona</a>. Mgławica świeci głównie światłem odbitym Rigla, znajdującego się poza górnym prawym rogiem obrazu. Drobny pył w mgławicy odbija światło. Niebieski kolor jest spowodowany nie tylko niebieskim kolorem Rigla, ale również tym, że ziarna pyłu efektywniej odbijają światło niebieskie niż czerwone.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mgławica refleksyjna</b> – typ <a href="/wiki/Mg%C5%82awica" title="Mgławica">mgławicy</a>, w której obłoki pyłu odbijają światło pobliskiej <a href="/wiki/Gwiazda" title="Gwiazda">gwiazdy</a> lub gwiazd. Promieniowanie pobliskiej gwiazdy lub gwiazd nie jest wystarczające do wywołania <a href="/wiki/Jonizacja" title="Jonizacja">jonizacji</a> gazu w mgławicy, jak to ma miejsce w <a href="/wiki/Mg%C5%82awica_emisyjna" title="Mgławica emisyjna">mgławicach emisyjnych</a>, ale jest wystarczające, aby dać odpowiednie rozproszenie, które uwidacznia pył. Stąd widma częstotliwości wykazywane przez mgławice refleksyjne są podobne do gwiazd, które je oświetlają. Pośród mikroskopijnych cząsteczek odpowiedzialnych za rozproszenie znajdują się związki <a href="/wiki/W%C4%99giel_(pierwiastek)" title="Węgiel (pierwiastek)">węgla</a> (np. <a href="/wiki/Diament" title="Diament">diamentowy</a> kurz) oraz innych pierwiastków, a w szczególności <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo">żelaza</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nikiel" title="Nikiel">niklu</a>. Związki tych dwóch ostatnich są często zgrupowane zgodnie z galaktycznym polem magnetycznym i powodują lekką <a href="/wiki/Polaryzacja_fali" title="Polaryzacja fali">polaryzację</a> rozpraszanego światła<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>. Rozróżnienie pomiędzy tymi dwoma rodzajami mgławic (emisyjnymi i refleksyjnymi) zostało dokonane przez <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwina Hubble'a</a> w 1922 roku. </p><p>Mgławice refleksyjne są miejscem, gdzie <a href="/wiki/Powstawanie_gwiazd" title="Powstawanie gwiazd">powstają gwiazdy</a>. </p><p>W 1922 roku Hubble opublikował wyniki swoich badań nad <a href="/wiki/Mg%C5%82awica_dyfuzyjna" title="Mgławica dyfuzyjna">mgławicami jasnymi</a>. Jedną z części tej pracy jest prawo jasności Hubble'a dla mgławic refleksyjnych, które wiąże <a href="/wiki/Rozmiar_k%C4%85towy" title="Rozmiar kątowy">rozmiary kątowe</a> (<i>R</i>) mgławicy z <a href="/wiki/Obserwowana_wielko%C5%9B%C4%87_gwiazdowa" title="Obserwowana wielkość gwiazdowa">widomą wielkością gwiazdową</a> (<i>m</i>) powiązanej gwiazdy: </p> <dl><dd>5 <a href="/wiki/Logarytm" title="Logarytm">log</a>(<i>R</i>) = -<i>m</i> + <i>k</i></dd></dl> <p>gdzie <i>k</i> jest stałą, która zależy od czułości pomiaru. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mg%C5%82awica_refleksyjna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mg%C5%82awica_refleksyjna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">James B. Kaler: <i>Cosmic clouds : birth, death, and recycling in the galaxy</i>. Scientific American Library, 1997. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0716750759" title="Specjalna:Książki/0716750759">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">0-7167-5075-9</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmic+clouds+%3A+birth%2C+death%2C+and+recycling+in+the+galaxy&rft.aulast=Kaler&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft.date=1997&rft.pub=Scientific+American+Library&rft.isbn=0716750759"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a> (<span class="description">typ obiektu astronomicznego</span>):</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/reflection-nebula">topic/reflection-nebula</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=refleksjonst%C3%A5ke">refleksjonståke</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mgławica_refleksyjna&oldid=69269377">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mgławica_refleksyjna&oldid=69269377</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Mg%C5%82awice_refleksyjne" title="Kategoria:Mgławice refleksyjne">Mgławice refleksyjne</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryta kategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_%E2%80%93_brak_numeru_strony" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony">Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 9 sty 2023, 16:26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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